DOCSLIB.ORG

THE INDIAN MUSLIMS' SERVICES to AFGHANISTAN (1880S – 1930S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THE INDIAN MUSLIMS' SERVICES to AFGHANISTAN (1880S – 1930S THE INDIAN MUSLIMS’ SERVICES TO AFGHANISTAN (1880s – 1930s) By NOOR-UL-AMIN AREA STUDY CENTRE (RUSSIA, CHINA & CENTRAL ASIA), UNIVERISTY OF PESHAWAR April - 2015 67 THE INDIAN MUSLIMS’ SERVICES TO AFGHANISTAN (1880s – 1930s) By NOOR-UL-AMIN A dissertation submitted to Area Study Centre, (Russia, China & Central Asia) University of Peshawar in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. AREA STUDY CENTRE (RUSSIA, CHINA & CENTRAL ASIA), UNIVERISTY OF PESHAWAR April - 2015 68 DECLARATION I declare that dissertation “The Indian Muslim Services’ to Afghanistan (1880s – 1930s)” is the outcome of my individual research and it has not been submitted to any other University for the Grant of Degree. Noor Ul Amin February 2016 69 AREA STUDY CENTRE UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR Final Approval This is to certify that we have read the dissertation submitted by Mr.Noor-Ul-Amin and it is our judgment that this is of sufficient standard to warrant its acceptance by the University of Peshawar, for the award of degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Supervisor: ___________________________ Prof. Dr. Fazal-ur-Rahim Marwat Pakistan Study Centre University of Peshawar Examiner: _______________________ Prof. Dr. Syed Jaffar Ahmad Director, Pakistan Study Centre University of Karachi Director Area Study Centre: _______________________ Prof. Dr. Sarfraz Khan Area Study Centre University of Peshawar TABLE OF CONTENTS 70 CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO Introduction 1 Chapter-1 Indians and Afghans Interaction; A 8 Historical perspective Chapter-2 The Indian Muslims’ Services To 40 Afghanistan (During Amir Abdur Rahman Era) & The Contributions Of Afghanistan In The Establishment Of Islamia College Lahore Chapter-3 The role of Dr. Abdul Ghani and other 67 prominent Indian Muslims in the modernization of Afghanistan since 1901 and onward Chapter-4 The Indian Revolutionaries, Nationalists 108 And Their Services To Afghanistan (1915-1929) Chapter-5 The Indian Muslim services to 143 Afghanistan In 1930s CONCLUSION 176 APPENDIXES 182 BIBLIOGRAPHY 203 ABSTRACT This study is an effort to highlight the political and educational services of the British Indian Muslims to Afghanistan from 1880s to 1930s. It traces the influence of the British Indian Muslims from Amir 71 Abdur Rahman to Nadir Shah period. It also underlines the contributions of the British Indian Muslims in spearheading the first constitutional movement which ultimately resulted in the first Constitution of Afghanistan. The modern education in Afghanistan has also been initiated and promoted by the Indian Muslims teachers who were hired by Amir Habibullah Khan in 1903. The significance of Dr. Alama Muhammad Iqbal’s visit to Afghanistan is also elaborated. The historical epoch under this study is replete with many selfless Indian Muslims who dedicated themselves to serve Afghan nation, particularly in the field of education, politics, print media, judiciary and diplomacy. Among them, the services of Mir Munshi Aala Sultan Muhammad Khan, Maulana Najaf Ali, Dr. Abdul Ghani, Muzafar Khan Marwat, Muhammad Hussain, Maulana Saif-ur Rahaman, Fazal Muhmood Makhfi, Allah Nawaz, Dr. Allama Muhammad Iqbal and his companions have been researched in this dissertation. These and many more Indian Muslims served with missionary zeal on meager remuneration for considerable years to erect a modern and democratic Afghanistan as it was a service to Islam and to their own brethren during the period under study. Besides, introduction, conclusion, appendixes, glossary and bibliography, there are five chapters in this dissertation. Chapter one deals with the historical perspective of Afghan and Indian interaction in different forms like travelers, traders and preachers starting from1747 up to 1880. During that period, various treaties and wars between British India and Afghanistan have also been highlighted. The Second chapter discusses the Indian Muslim services to Afghanistan during the reign of Amir Abdur Rahaman wherein the role of Sultan Muhammad Khan, the Chief Secretary (Mir MunshiAlaa) of the Amir, 72 and Najaf Ali is particularly highlighted. Similarly it also deals with the contributions of Afghanistan in the establishment of Islamia College Lahore. The third chapter describes the contributions of Indian teachers who laid the foundation of modern education in Afghanistan, led by Dr. Abdul Ghani and other Indian teachers during Amir Habibullah Khan era. On the other hand, this chapter also highlights the development of various constitutional movements in Afghanistan organized by these Indian Moallimeen. The essence of chapter four is the activities of Indian Nationalists, revolutionaries, agents/spies in Afghanistan. Prominent among them are, Mulana Saif-ur-Rahman, a revolutionary who served Qazi Askar (Military Justice/Judge) and envoy on behalf of Afghanistan in USSR, Abdul Haq and Najaf Ali, the British spies/agents and Abdul Akbar Khan Akbar, a nationalist. Chapter five recounts the significance of Allama Muhammad Iqbal and his companions’ visit to Afghanistan to give educational awareness to the Afghan youth. The conclusion is drawn on the basis of findings that the British Indian Muslims during the period (1880s – 1930s) played a significant role in the development of Constitutionalism and propagating modern education in Afghanistan. It is also found out that some of them were spying for the British Indian Government, but many were sincerely working for the bright future of Afghanistan in high official capacities. The methodology of the dissertation has been historical, descriptive and analytical. 73 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It’s an immense pleasure for me to be enabling for accomplishing this challenging task of this dissertation, entitled “The Indian Muslims’ Services to Afghanistan (1880s-1930s)”. The credit goes to my honorable supervisor Dr. Fazal-ur-Rahim Marwat, who provided me valuable guidance and time despite his numerous commitments. He guided me to have accuracy each and every point in this work, without his guidance it was impossible for me to accomplish this task. Besides, I am offering my heartiest thanks to my teachers, especially late Dr. Muhammad Anwar Khan for his encouragement and valuable guidance throughout in his presence in the Centre. I offer my woe to the Director of the Area Study Center, Dr. Sarfraz Khan, he provided me opportunities of learning in every step of my long stay in the Center, its his blessing that now I am accomplished this task, which was once in my dream. I also render my thanks to all the non-teaching staffs and friends especially Syed Anwar Ali Shah, Sahar Gul, Rooh ul Amin in the Centre. I offer my thanks my colleagues Younas Khan and Fazli Rahman Haji sb for their cooperation in terms of the facilitation of time and courage during my research work. At the end I offer my greatest love, affection and thanks to my late parents, without their guidance and love I would never be in this position, so the credit really goes to them. I thank my brothers and sisters they have provided me time, money and courage during my study. I also thank my children, Bahzad Amin, Hibba Noor, Talha Amin and my wife Hina Naushad provided me time, courage and affection during the course of my study. 74 Last but not the least; I have no words to express my gratitude to Mr. Asghar Jani, who left no stone unturned in the composition of my research thesis. Noor ul Amin 75 GLOSSARY 1. Amir: Nobleman, Ruler, Prince 2. Afrad-e-Police: Sepoys. 3. Badrag: escort. 4. Bozgars: sharecroppers, peasants 5. Butparast: gods worship 6. Diwani or Sulatan:, crown lands 7. Darbir-ul-Mulk: Private Secretary to the Amir; Secretary of State 8. Darbar: Royal Court 9. Firqa Mishar: Major General 10. Firqa: Division 11. Faujdar: Commandant 12. Ghulam Bacha: pages (often the sons of Afghan nobles and high officials) 13. Hamsaya: Client (lit. One who shares shade), needs protection. 14. Hasht nafri: compulsory military service. In every eight members, one was supposed to join armed forces. 15. Hanafi Sunn: sunni sect following Hanafi school of Islamic Sharia. 16. Hijra: migration of Prophet Mohammad from Makkah to Madina. 17. Ijtihad: independent reasoning (deducing laws was regulations from the original text of the Holy Quran and Sunna of Prophet Mohammad (pbuh). 18. Ijma: Consensus of religious scholars on solution of some issue. 19. Itimad-i-Daula: Chief Secretary; Prime Minister 76 20. Jirga: Traditional gathering to decide an issue. 21. Ishik Aghasi Huzuri: Private Secretary 22. Jamud: Stagnation 23. Jerib: unit of measuring land (half acre). 24. Kafir: Non-believer, infidel. 25. Kafilas: Trade caravans. 26. Katib: Clerk 27. Khan: Head of a village or clan, assumed name also. 28. Mufti: Chief Judge of the Sharia Court. 29. Mujtahid: person doing Ijtihad. 30. Mirzas: Munshis in Hindi, writers of court decisions. 31. Mahram: close relative accompanying women. 32. Madrassa: religious seminary 33. Masahibeen: family name of King Nadir Shah father of King Zahir Shah. 34. Mushroota Awal: name of first constitutionalist movement in Afghanistan. 35. Mujadid: a person who renew or reformer of Islamic Law.\ 36. Melmastia: Hospitality. 37. Mushroota Khawahan: those who wanted a constitutional government. 38. Mulk: the private lands. 39. Munshi: Writer; Secretary; Clerk 40. Mamoor: Incharge of office. 41. Maulana: a person who is well-read in religious text. 42. Mullah: graduate of ordinary madrassa. 43. Mudir: Director 77 44. Nizamnama: name of constitution introduced by King Amanullah. 45. Nanawatai: coming in, surrender. 46. Pukhunwali: the Pathan code. 47. Pohanyar: Senior Lecturer or Assistant Professor 48. Pohanmal: Assistant Professor (Senior). 49. Pohandwi: Associate Professor (Junior) 50. Pohand: Professor (Full). 51. Pohantoon: University. 52. Pardah: veil for women. 53. Pir: a saint or holy man 54. Powindas: nomads 55. Purdah, chadry, burqa, hijab: are various names for veil. 56. Qiyas: analogical reasoning. 57. Qazi: Judge. 58. Qazi-ul-Quzat: Chief Justice: 59. Qazi Daftar: High Court 60. Ramazan: name of fasting month of Muslim. 61. Rais-i-Shura: Speaker Parliament 62. Rais-i-Daulat: President 63.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Muslim Nationalism, State Formation and Legal Representations of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan
    Politics of Exclusion: Muslim Nationalism, State Formation and Legal Representations of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan by Sadia Saeed A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Sociology) in The University of Michigan 2010 Doctoral Committee: Professor George P. Steinmetz, Chair Professor Howard A. Kimeldorf Associate Professor Fatma Muge Gocek Associate Professor Genevieve Zubrzycki Professor Mamadou Diouf, Columbia University © Sadia Saeed 2010 2 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my parents with my deepest love, respect and gratitude for the innumerable ways they have supported my work and choices. ii Acknowledgements I would like to begin by acknowledging the immense support my parents have given me every step of the way during my (near) decade in graduate school. I have dedicated this dissertation to them. My ammi and baba have always believed in my capabilities to accomplish not only this dissertation but much more in life and their words of love and encouragement have continuously given me the strength and the will to give my research my very best. My father‘s great enthusiasm for this project, his intellectual input and his practical help and advice during the fieldwork of this project have been formative to this project. I would like to thank my dissertation advisor George Steinmetz for the many engaged conversations about theory and methods, for always pushing me to take my work to the next level and above all for teaching me to recognize and avoid sloppiness, caricatures and short-cuts. It is to him that I owe my greatest intellectual debt.
    [Show full text]
  • The Causes of the First Anglo-Afghan War
    wbhr 1|2012 The Causes of the First Anglo-Afghan War JIŘÍ KÁRNÍK Afghanistan is a beautiful, but savage and hostile country. There are no resources, no huge market for selling goods and the inhabitants are poor. So the obvious question is: Why did this country become a tar- get of aggression of the biggest powers in the world? I would like to an- swer this question at least in the first case, when Great Britain invaded Afghanistan in 1839. This year is important; it started the line of con- flicts, which affected Afghanistan in the 19th and 20th century and as we can see now, American soldiers are still in Afghanistan, the conflicts have not yet ended. The history of Afghanistan as an independent country starts in the middle of the 18th century. The first and for a long time the last man, who united the biggest centres of power in Afghanistan (Kandahar, Herat and Kabul) was the commander of Afghan cavalrymen in the Persian Army, Ahmad Shah Durrani. He took advantage of the struggle of suc- cession after the death of Nāder Shāh Afshār, and until 1750, he ruled over all of Afghanistan.1 His power depended on the money he could give to not so loyal chieftains of many Afghan tribes, which he gained through aggression toward India and Persia. After his death, the power of the house of Durrani started to decrease. His heirs were not able to keep the power without raids into other countries. In addition the ruler usually had wives from all of the important tribes, so after the death of the Shah, there were always bloody fights of succession.
    [Show full text]
  • Herat Security Dialogue Short Bios of the Presenters and Moderators
    Herat Security Dialogue Short Bios of the Presenters and Moderators Abdullah Ahmadzai Abdullah Ahmadzai is The Asia Foundation’s County Representative in Afghanistan. He served as the Deputy Country Representative from 2012 to 2014. He was formerly Chief Electoral Officer for the Independent Election Commission (IEC) of Afghanistan. Prior to his position with the IEC, from June 2006 to October 2009, Ahmadzai worked with the Foundation, serving under the Support to Center of Government project in Afghanistan. Between 2004 and 2006, he held positions with the UN under the Joint Electoral Management Body Secretariat (JEMBS), first as an Area Manager and then as Chief of Operations. From 2003-2004, Ahmadzai was actively involved with the Afghanistan Constitution Commission which was mandated by the 2001 Bonn Agreement to draft a new constitution for the country. Under the Commission, he assisted with the Emergency Loya Jirga and later the drafting of the constitution which was formally adopted in January 2004. He has a Bachelor’s degree in Information Technology from Brains Degree College in Peshawar, Pakistan, in addition to several workshop certificates earned through Harvard and Georgetown Universities, and the International Foundation for Electoral Services. Abdul Ghafoor Liwal Abdul Ghafoor Liwal is the Special Advisor to the President of National Unity Government for Tribal and Border Affairs. Prior to this, he worked as a Deputy Minister of Tribal and Border Affairs. He has a Bachelor’s Degree in Literature from Kabul University and two Masters, one in Journalism from Maryland University (2004-2005), and another in Pashtu from Kabul University in 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Development Programme
    ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME 16 - PROGRAMME 2015 PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENT ANNUAL GOVERNMENT OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT JUNE, 2015 www.khyberpakhtunkhwa.gov.pk FINAL ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME 2015-16 GOVERNMENT OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT http://www.khyberpakhtunkhwa.gov.pk Annual Development Programme 2015-16 Table of Contents S.No. Sector/Sub Sector Page No. 1 Abstract-I i 2 Abstract-II ii 3 Abstract-III iii 4 Abstract-IV iv-vi 5 Abstract-V vii 6 Abstract-VI viii 7 Abstract-VII ix 8 Abstract-VIII x-xii 9 Agriculture 1-21 10 Auqaf, Hajj 22-25 11 Board of Revenue 26-27 12 Building 28-34 13 Districts ADP 35-35 14 DWSS 36-50 15 E&SE 51-60 16 Energy & Power 61-67 17 Environment 68-69 18 Excise, Taxation & NC 70-71 19 Finance 72-74 20 Food 75-76 21 Forestry 77-86 22 Health 87-106 23 Higher Education 107-118 24 Home 119-128 25 Housing 129-130 26 Industries 131-141 27 Information 142-143 28 Labour 144-145 29 Law & Justice 146-151 30 Local Government 152-159 31 Mines & Minerals 160-162 32 Multi Sectoral Dev. 163-171 33 Population Welfare 172-173 34 Relief and Rehab. 174-177 35 Roads 178-232 36 Social Welfare 233-238 37 Special Initiatives 239-240 38 Sports, Tourism 241-252 39 ST&IT 253-258 40 Transport 259-260 41 Water 261-289 Abstract-I Annual Development Programme 2015-16 Programme-wise summary (Million Rs.) S.# Programme # of Projects Cost Allocation %age 1 ADP 1553 589965 142000 81.2 Counterpart* 54 19097 1953 1.4 Ongoing 873 398162 74361 52.4 New 623 142431 35412 24.9 Devolved ADP 3 30274 30274 21.3 2 Foreign Aid* * 148170 32884 18.8 Grand total 1553 738135 174884 100.0 Sector-wise Throwforward (Million Rs.) S.# Sector Local Cost Exp.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Thesis
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Imagining Afghanistan British Foreign Policy and the Afghan Polity, 18081878 Bayly, Martin Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 25. Sep. 2021 This electronic theses or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Title: Imagining Afghanistan: British Foreign Policy and the Afghan Polity, 1808‐1878 Author: Martin Bayly The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement.
    [Show full text]
  • Tribes and Empire on the Margins of Nineteenth-Century Iran
    publications on the near east publications on the near east Poetry’s Voice, Society’s Song: Ottoman Lyric The Transformation of Islamic Art during Poetry by Walter G. Andrews the Sunni Revival by Yasser Tabbaa The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Shiraz in the Age of Hafez: The Glory of Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century a Medieval Persian City by John Limbert by Zeynep Çelik The Martyrs of Karbala: Shi‘i Symbols The Tragedy of Sohráb and Rostám from and Rituals in Modern Iran the Persian National Epic, the Shahname by Kamran Scot Aghaie of Abol-Qasem Ferdowsi, translated by Ottoman Lyric Poetry: An Anthology, Jerome W. Clinton Expanded Edition, edited and translated The Jews in Modern Egypt, 1914–1952 by Walter G. Andrews, Najaat Black, and by Gudrun Krämer Mehmet Kalpaklı Izmir and the Levantine World, 1550–1650 Party Building in the Modern Middle East: by Daniel Goffman The Origins of Competitive and Coercive Rule by Michele Penner Angrist Medieval Agriculture and Islamic Science: The Almanac of a Yemeni Sultan Everyday Life and Consumer Culture by Daniel Martin Varisco in Eighteenth-Century Damascus by James Grehan Rethinking Modernity and National Identity in Turkey, edited by Sibel Bozdog˘an and The City’s Pleasures: Istanbul in the Eigh- Res¸at Kasaba teenth Century by Shirine Hamadeh Slavery and Abolition in the Ottoman Middle Reading Orientalism: Said and the Unsaid East by Ehud R. Toledano by Daniel Martin Varisco Britons in the Ottoman Empire, 1642–1660 The Merchant Houses of Mocha: Trade by Daniel Goffman and Architecture in an Indian Ocean Port by Nancy Um Popular Preaching and Religious Authority in the Medieval Islamic Near East Tribes and Empire on the Margins of Nine- by Jonathan P.
    [Show full text]
  • Attacks on Education in Afghanistan
    July 2006 Volume 18, Number 6 (C) Lessons in Terror Attacks on Education in Afghanistan Glossary...........................................................................................................................................1 I. Summary......................................................................................................................................3 Plight of the Education System...............................................................................................6 Sources and Impact of Insecurity............................................................................................8 International and Afghan Response to Insecurity................................................................9 Key Recommendations...........................................................................................................10 II. Background: Afghanistan Since the Fall of the Taliban ...................................................13 The Taliban’s Ouster, the Bonn Process, and the Afghanistan Compact ......................13 Insecurity in Afghanistan........................................................................................................17 Education in Afghanistan and its Importance for Development ....................................23 III. Attacks on Schools, Teachers, and Students ....................................................................31 Who and Why ..........................................................................................................................32
    [Show full text]
  • A Political Biography of King Amanullah Khan
    A POLITICAL BIOGRAPHY OF KING AMANULLAH KHAN DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF iJlajSttr of ^Ijiloioplip IN 3 *Kr HISTORY • I. BY MD. WASEEM RAJA UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF DR. R. K. TRIVEDI READER CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDU) 1996 J :^ ... \ . fiCC i^'-'-. DS3004 CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY r.u Ko„ „ S External ; 40 0 146 I Internal : 3 4 1 DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSTTY M.IGARH—202 002 fU.P.). INDIA 15 October, 1996 This is to certify that the dissertation on "A Political Biography of King Amanullah Khan", submitted by Mr. Waseem Raja is the original work of the candidate and is suitable for submission for the award of M.Phil, degree. 1 /• <^:. C^\ VVv K' DR. Rij KUMAR TRIVEDI Supervisor. DEDICATED TO MY DEAREST MOTHER CONTENTS CHAPTERS PAGE NO. Acknowledgement i - iii Introduction iv - viii I THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE 1-11 II HISTORICAL ANTECEDANTS 12 - 27 III AMANULLAH : EARLY DAYS AND FACTORS INFLUENCING HIS PERSONALITY 28-43 IV AMIR AMANULLAH'S ASSUMING OF POWER AND THE THIRD ANGLO-AFGHAN WAR 44-56 V AMIR AMANULLAH'S REFORM MOVEMENT : EVOLUTION AND CAUSES OF ITS FAILURES 57-76 VI THE KHOST REBELLION OF MARCH 1924 77 - 85 VII AMANULLAH'S GRAND TOUR 86 - 98 VIII THE LAST DAYS : REBELLION AND OUSTER OF AMANULLAH 99 - 118 IX GEOPOLITICS AND DIPLCMIATIC TIES OF AFGHANISTAN WITH THE GREAT BRITAIN, RUSSIA AND GERMANY A) Russio-Afghan Relations during Amanullah's Reign 119 - 129 B) Anglo-Afghan Relations during Amir Amanullah's Reign 130 - 143 C) Response to German interest in Afghanistan 144 - 151 AN ASSESSMENT 152 - 154 BIBLIOGRAPHY 155 - 174 APPENDICES 175 - 185 **** ** ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The successful completion of a work like this it is often difficult to ignore the valuable suggestions, advice and worthy guidance of teachers and scholars.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr. Sabar Mirza Farman Farmaian; Benefactor and Former Director of Pasteur Institute of Iran
    SCIENTISTS and SCIENCE ADVOCATES Iranian Biomedical Journal 22(1): 1-3 January 2018 Dr. Sabar Mirza Farman Farmaian; Benefactor and Former Director of Pasteur Institute of Iran Narges Shahbazi and Ehsan Mostafavi Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] asteur Institute of Iran (PII) is known for its history of benefaction by exquisite characters, the most prominent of who is the family of Farman P Farmaian. Dr. Sabar Mirza Farman Farmaian, born in 1912 in Tehran, resided as the director of PII for a period of six years (1971-1977). Furthermore, he devoted his house (located in Shemiranat) for the establishment of a center to study and combat infectious diseases. Both of these events had a significant impact on the fate of PII. He was born to a famous family of Farman Farmaian. His father, Abdol- Hossein Mirza Farman Farmaian, the grandson of Abbas Mirza and Fath-Ali Shah, was born in 1852, in Tabriz. He was known as “Salar Lashkar” and “Farman Farma”. He finished his elementary studies at Dar ul-Funun, after which he went to an Austrian school to learn military skills. He held numerous critical positions during 1881-1919. These include the chief of Kerman and Azerbaijan military troops, governor of Kerman, Tehran, Fars, Khorasan, and Kermanshah, as well as the minister of War, Justice and the Interior. The most prominent of all is his chair as the prime minister during the reign of Ahmad Shah Qajar. In 1922, due to his passion for promotion of health, Abdol- Hossein Farman Farmaian dedicated a vast piece of land (~13 thousand square meters with the value of 10 thousand tomans, at the time) for the expansion of Pasteur Institute of Iran.
    [Show full text]
  • 437-439 Abdul-Aziz Movahed Nasaj and Sajjad Farmohmedy, 2015 438
    437 RESEARCH JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND HYDROBIOLOGY © 2015 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved ISSN:1816-9112 Open Access Journal Copyright © 2015 by authors and American-Eurasian Network for Scientific Information. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Personality Assessment Abdul Hossein Teymourtash 1Abdul-Aziz Movahed Nasaj and 2Sajjad Farmohmedy 1Department of History, ABSTRACT Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad Abdul Hossein Teymourtash one of the most famous figures of the first Pahlavi era. His family University, Shoushtar, Iran background in Khorasan, education in St. Petersburg, beginning of Executive Vice Jovin, Ghouchan representative in the second round of legislation, President of the army of Khorasan, Address For Correspondence: Quchan representative legislature in the third period, the state of Gilan, the representative of the fourth round of the National Assembly, Minister of Justice, Government Kerman, Minister of Abdul-Aziz Movahed Nasaj, Public Works and the Ministry of representation in the National Assembly referred to the court Department of History, of the king with all the resources that have been written about her life. Some of the details of his Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad personal life and political status is clear for translation. University, Shoushtar, Iran Received: 6 March 2015 KEY WORDS: Reza shah- Teymour tash – pahlavidera - iran Accepted: 25 April 2015 Published: 29 May 2015 Background: Abdul Hossein Teymourtash, the most famous and influential statesman during the reign of the Shah of Iran, which in the first seven years of his reign was considered the most powerful political figure in Iran after the Shah.
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan: Political Exiles in Search of a State
    Journal of Political Science Volume 18 Number 1 Article 11 November 1990 Afghanistan: Political Exiles In Search Of A State Barnett R. Rubin Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/jops Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Rubin, Barnett R. (1990) "Afghanistan: Political Exiles In Search Of A State," Journal of Political Science: Vol. 18 : No. 1 , Article 11. Available at: https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/jops/vol18/iss1/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Politics at CCU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Political Science by an authorized editor of CCU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ,t\fghanistan: Political Exiles in Search of a State Barnett R. Ru bin United States Institute of Peace When Afghan exiles in Pakistan convened a shura (coun­ cil) in Islamabad to choose an interim government on February 10. 1989. they were only the most recent of exiles who have aspired and often managed to Mrule" Afghanistan. The seven parties of the Islamic Union ofM ujahidin of Afghanistan who had convened the shura claimed that. because of their links to the mujahidin fighting inside Afghanistan. the cabinet they named was an Minterim government" rather than a Mgovernment-in ­ exile. ~ but they soon confronted the typical problems of the latter: how to obtain foreign recognition, how to depose the sitting government they did not recognize, and how to replace the existing opposition mechanisms inside and outside the country. Exiles in Afghan History The importance of exiles in the history of Afghanistan derives largely from the difficulty of state formation in its sparsely settled and largely barren territory.
    [Show full text]
  • Produced by the Human Security Centre Lead Author
    1 Human Security Centre – Written evidence (AFG0019) Produced by the Human Security Centre Lead Author: Simon Schofield, Senior Fellow, In consultation with Rohullah Yakobi, Associate Fellow 2 1 Table of Contents 2. Executive Summary .............................................................................5 3. What is the Human Security Centre?.....................................................10 4. Geopolitics and National Interests and Agendas......................................11 Islamic Republic of Pakistan ...................................................................11 Historical Context...............................................................................11 Pakistan’s Strategy.............................................................................12 Support for the Taliban .......................................................................13 Afghanistan as a terrorist training camp ................................................16 Role of military aid .............................................................................17 Economic interests .............................................................................19 Conclusion – Pakistan .........................................................................19 Islamic Republic of Iran .........................................................................20 Historical context ...............................................................................20 Iranian Strategy ................................................................................23
    [Show full text]