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000 front inside cover 3/9/04 06:15 PM Page 2 REFERENCE VALUES FOR LABORATORY TESTS—BLOOD OR SERUM These values are for some of the more common laboratory tests done on blood or serum. See pp. 172–198 for a more complete list, including possi- ble causes of increased and decreased values. Test Conventional Units SI Units Albumin Adult: 3.5–5.0 g/dL or 52–68% of total protein Child: 4.0–5.8 g/dL Alkaline Adult: 20–90 U/L phosphatase Child: 60–270 U/L (ALP) Infant: 40–300 U/L Ammonia Adult: 15–70 μg/dL 11–32 μmol/L Newborn: 40–120 μg/dL 64–107 μmol/L Amylase Adult: 4–25 U/mL 1.36–3.0 μkat/L Child: 25–125 U/L 1.88–5.03 μkat/L Newborn: Up to 65 U/L Bilirubin Direct: Up to 0.4 mg/dL 1.7–6.8 μmol/L Indirect: Up to 0.8 mg/dL 5.0–19.0 μmol/L Total: Up to 1.0 mg/dL 5–20 μmol/L Newborn: 1–12 mg/dL 34–102 μmol/L Blood urea Adult: 5–25 mg/dL 1.8–7.1 mmol/L nitrogen Child: 5–20 mg/dL 2.5–6.4 mmol/L (BUN) Infant: 4–18 mg/dL 1.4–6.4 mmol/L Calcium Adult: 8.5–10.5 mg/dL 2.25–2.75 mmol/L (serum) Child: Slightly higher Chloride 95–107 mEq/L 95–105 mmol/L Cholesterol 40–50 yr: 140–240 mg/dL 4.37–6.35 mmol/L Ͻ age 25: 125–200 mg/dL 3.27–5.20 mmol/L Infant: 70–175 mg/dL Cholesterol, low Ͼ age 65: Up to 200 mg/dL 2.69–5.12 mmol/L density (LDL) To age 40: Up to 180 mg/dL 2.30–4.60 mmol/L To age 25: Up to 138 mg/dL 1.87–3.53 mmol/L Cholesterol, high 32–75 mg/dL (varies with age) 0.82–1.92 mmol/L density (HDL) CO2, venous 23–30 mEq/L 24–30 mmol/L Creatinine Adult: 0.6–1.5 mg/dL 53–133 μmol/L Child: 0.3–0.7 mg/dL Newborn: 0.3–1.0 mg/dL Creatine kinase Male: 55–170U/L 0.94–2.89 μkat/L or creatine Female: 30–135 U/L 0.51–2.30 μkat/L phosphokinase Child: 15–50 U/L 0.26–0.85 μkat/L (CK or CPK) Newborn: 30–100 U/L 0.51–1.70 μkat/L Glucose, whole Adult: 60–100 mg/dL 3.3–5.6 mmol/L blood (fasting) Newborn (1 day): 25–51 mg/dL 1.4–2.8 mmol/L Iron Men: 60–170 μg/dL 10.7–30.4 μmol/L Women: 50–130 μg/dL 9.0–23.3 μmol/L Child: 40–200 μg/dL 7.2–35.8 μmol/L Newborn: 350–500 μg/dL 62.7–89.5 μmol/L Iron-binding capac- 300–360 μg/dL 54–64 μmol/L ity, total (TIBC) Lipase Adult: 14–280 U/L 0.2.72 μkat/L Child: 20–136 IU/L Infant: 9–105 IU/L (continued on inside back cover) 00Holloway-fm 3/8/04 12:57 PM Page i Nurse’s Fast Facts: Your Quick Source for Core Clinical Content 00Holloway-fm 3/8/04 12:57 PM Page ii 00Holloway-fm 3/8/04 12:57 PM Page iii Nurse’s Fast Facts: Your Quick Source for Core Clinical Content Third Edition BRENDA WALTERS HOLLOWAY, CRNP, FNP, MSN Clinical Assistant Professor University of South Alabama College of Nursing Mobile, Alabama F. A. DAVIS COMPANY Philadelphia 00Holloway-fm 3/8/04 12:57 PM Page iv F. A. Davis Company 1915 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 Copyright © 2004 by F. A. Davis Company Copyright © 1996, 2001 by F. A. Davis Company. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, pho- tocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the pub- lisher. Printed in Canada Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Acquisitions Editor: Robert G. Martone Developmental Editor: Alan Sorkowitz Art & Design Manager: Joan Wendt As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies undergo changes. The author and publisher have done everything possible to make this book accurate, up to date, and in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The author, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of the book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situa- tion. The reader is advised always to check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dose and contraindications before administering any drug. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Holloway, Brenda Walters, 1949- Nurse’s fast facts : your quick source for core clinical content / Brenda Walters Holloway.—3rd ed. p. ; cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-8036-1161-7 1. Nursing—Handbooks, manuals, etc. [DNLM: 1. Nursing Care—Handbooks. 2. Nursing Process—Handbooks. 3. Specialties, Nursing—methods—Handbooks. WY 49 H745n 2004] I. Title. RT51.H65 2004 610.73—dc22 2004043215 Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by F. A. Davis Company for users reg- istered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the fee of $.10 per copy is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is: 8036–0599/01 0 ϩ $.10. 00Holloway-fm 3/8/04 12:57 PM Page v This book is dedicated to my parents, Juanice and J. M. Walters, who provided me with the opportunity to obtain an education, and to Harry, Jason, Shanda, and Scott, who have provided me with many opportu- nities to use it. 00Holloway-fm 3/8/04 12:57 PM Page vi 00Holloway-fm 3/8/04 12:57 PM Page vii Preface Through years of clinical practice and teaching, I have observed that orientation to each major clinical nursing specialty usually leads the novice to ask a somewhat pre- dictable set of questions ranging from specialty-related communication, to assessment and anatomy, physiology, and pathology involved in frequently seen conditions to questions related to the planning and implementation of patient care. Many excellent texts are available to provide in-depth information related to these topics. Although the use of such texts is essential to the acquisition of a thor- ough knowledge of comprehensive patient care, these texts are frequently too cumbersome to carry to the clinical area, where on-the-spot information may be needed. My goal in writing this book has been to provide a portable and easy-to-use source for quick answers to ques- tions I have frequently heard from students and practicing nurses. The sections of this book pertain to each major clinical nursing specialty and are identified by printed tabs to speed access to the information. At the end of each sec- tion are blank pages, which allow users to “customize” the book by adding information that they find helpful for each specialty. It is hoped that the handy availability of information in this pocket-sized reference book not only will improve the accuracy and quality of patient care, but also will relieve some of the stress that students and graduate nurses expe- rience when they must move from one clinical specialty area to another. vii 00Holloway-fm 3/8/04 12:57 PM Page viii 00Holloway-fm 3/8/04 12:57 PM Page ix Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge the work of the professionals who contributed written information in this book. Their efforts have added greatly to the scope and quality of the reference material. I would also like to thank the faculty, staff, and students of the University of South Alabama as well as professionals from across the country who answered questions and provided me with information necessary to the completion of this work. In addition, I would like to thank the consultants to this book, who reviewed the manuscript in its early stages and provided many valuable insights and suggestions. I would like to thank the F. A. Davis Company for its vote of confidence and support in the development and publication of this book. A very special thanks to Alan Sorkowitz, of Alan Sorkowitz Editorial Services, for the guidance and remarkable patience he exhibited during this endeavor. ix 00Holloway-fm 3/8/04 12:57 PM Page x 00Holloway-fm 3/8/04 12:57 PM Page xi Contributors to the 3rd edition JUDITH AZOK, MSN, ARNP, GNP-BC Assistant Clinical Professor of Nursing University of South Alabama Mobile, Alabama Medical-Surgical Content LISA BENFIELD, MSN, FNP-CNS, MATERNAL-CHILD CNS Nurse Practitioner Gulfport OB-GYN Clinic Gulfport, Mississippi Maternal-Infant Content JASON BOX, MSN, FNP-BC, EMP-P Family Nurse Practitioner South Baldwin Regional Medical Center Emergency Department Foley, Alabama Emergency Content KAREN HAMILTON, MSN, RNC Assistant Clinical Professor of Nursing University of South Alabama Mobile, Alabama Home Health Content DEBORAH D.

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