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Environmental Flows Assessment Upper Trishuli-1 Hydropower Project

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Environmental Flows Assessment Upper Trishuli-1 Hydropower Project DRAFT Final Report Environmental Flows Assessment Upper Trishuli-1 Hydropower Project Appendix E: Final Report Environmental Flows Assessment Upper Trishuli-1 Hydropower Project, Nepal Prepared for: APPENDIX E Environmental Flows Assessment Upper Trishuli-1 Hydropower Project Appendix E: Environmental Flows Assessment Prepared for: Supplemental ESIA- Nepal Water and Energy Development Company Upper Trishuli-1 Hydropower Project, Nepal & the International November 2014 Finance Corporation (IFC) Cover Photo: Trishuli River downstream from the proposed powerhouse site, facing upstream. October, 2013. [Photo: P. de la Cueva] © 2014 ESSA Technologies Ltd. ESSA Technologies Ltd. No part of this report may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval Suite 300 - 411 Roosevelt Ave system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, Ottawa, ON mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior Canada K2A 3X9 written permission from ESSA Technologies Ltd. www.essa.com ESSA Technologies Ltd. Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ iii List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................... v 1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................ 6 2 Hydrology and Water Resources Use in the Project Area ............................................................... 9 2.1 Hydrological analysis .................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Water and river users ................................................................................................................. 11 3 Impact Hypotheses and Linkages to Habitat ................................................................................... 14 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 14 3.2 Upstream Hypotheses ................................................................................................................ 15 3.3 Diversion Reach Hypotheses ..................................................................................................... 16 3.4 Downstream Hypothesis ............................................................................................................. 16 3.5 Impacts of the Project ................................................................................................................. 17 4 Aquatic Ecology of the Project Area ................................................................................................ 18 4.1 Literature Synthesis: Fisheries in the Gandaki River System and the Trishuli Watershed ........ 18 4.2 Summary of Aquatic Surveys in the Project Area ....................................................................... 25 4.3 Indicator Species for Environmental Flows ................................................................................ 31 5 Environmental Flow Assessment ..................................................................................................... 35 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 35 5.2 Design Flow Scenario ................................................................................................................. 36 5.3 Alternative Environmental Flow Scenarios ................................................................................. 41 5.4 Assessment with IHA Metrics ..................................................................................................... 45 5.5 Power under Design & Environmental Flow Scenarios .............................................................. 46 6 Summary and Recommendations..................................................................................................... 49 6.1 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 49 6.2 Recommendations ...................................................................................................................... 50 7 Terms of Reference: Environmental Flows Management Plan ...................................................... 52 7.1 Goals of the EFMP...................................................................................................................... 52 7.2 Approach and methodology ........................................................................................................ 52 7.3 Complementary Aquatic Baseline ............................................................................................... 53 7.4 Definition of Environmental Flow Rules ...................................................................................... 55 7.5 Mitigation measures .................................................................................................................... 55 7.6 Operations Monitoring Program .................................................................................................. 59 7.7 Organization and Capacity ......................................................................................................... 60 7.8 Stakeholders Consultation Plan .................................................................................................. 61 7.9 Regional Collaboration ............................................................................................................... 61 7.10 Reporting ................................................................................................................................... 61 7.11 Schedule of implementation ...................................................................................................... 61 8 References and Further Reading ...................................................................................................... 62 Annex 1: Taxonomy of Fish Species in the Upper Trishuli .................................................................. 52 Annex 2: Summary of IHA metrics .......................................................................................................... 53 i | Annex 3: Power Generation Model .......................................................................................................... 56 Annex 4: Synopsis of Adaptive Management ........................................................................................ 59 ii| APPENDIX E Environmental Flows Assessment- Upper Trishuli-1 Hydropower Project List of Figures Figure 2-1: Unimpaired average annual discharge for the Trishuli River at the UT-1 intake weir based on scaled Betrawati gauge data for 1967–2010. Representative low-flow (1970) and high-flow (2000) years are highlighted with red symbols. The water year period is based on the interval from March 1 to the last day of February in the following calendar year. ......................................................................................................... 10 Figure 2-2: Daily flow hydrographs for representative low-flow (1970) and high-flow (2000) years in linear (upper) and logarithmic (lower) scales. .................................................................... 10 Figure 2-3: River uses in the diversion reach of the Project. .................................................................... 11 Figure 2-4: Fishing activity registered by NESS field team through the aquatic survey period .................. 12 Figure 2-5: Hydropower development (existing and under planning) in the Trishuli Watershed ................ 13 Figure 3-1: Schematic representation of a run-of-river facility showing the three distinct sections: upstream, diversion and downstream. ................................................................................... 14 Figure 4-1: Major sub-basins of the Gandaki River system. The five sub-basins shown in color have been surveyed in the historical fish inventories summarized in Table 4-1. ................... 18 Figure 4-2: Five fish sampling locations of the DOFD (2008) survey are marked with green triangles. The UT-1 Project area is indicated by the red rectangle. ....................................... 19 Figure 4-3: Location of monitoring sites for the monthly aquatic habitat and water quality surveys .......... 25 Figure 4-4: Wetted width at the five monitoring locations ........................................................................... 26 Figure 4-5: Relationship between wetted width and the different habitat types through the year .............. 27 Figure 4-6: Evolution of periphyton density and total suspended solids concentration .............................. 27 Figure 4-7: Evolution of macro-invertebrates density and total suspended solids concentration ............... 28 Figure 4-8: Species diversity (presence) throughout the fish survey monitoring period ............................. 28 Figure 4-9: Evolution of S. richarsonii catch during the monitoring period (August 2013- September 2014) in the five river monitoring stretches ......................................................... 29 Figure 4-10: Results of catch per unit method for the two sampling methods (cast
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