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Documentation of Diversity of Fresh Water Fishes of West Bengal (Coochbehar)

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Documentation of Diversity of Fresh Water Fishes of West Bengal (Coochbehar) Final report on.. Documentation of diversity of fresh water fishes of West Bengal (Coochbehar) Dr. Debashis Das, Assistant Professor in Zoology In association with West Bengal Biodiversity Board Final report on.. Documentation of diversity of fresh water fishes of West Bengal (Coochbehar District) 2013 - 2015 Study conducted by: Dr Debashis Das, Assistant Professor in Zoology Department of Zoology, Tufanganj Mahavidyalaya Tufanganj; Coochbehar; W.B. In association with West Bengal Biodiversity Board, Department of Environment Government of West Bengal Ref.: WBBB Memo No. 241/3K(Bio)-2/2013 dated 22/04/2013) read with Memo No. 655/3K(Bio)-2/2013 dt. 16/09/2014 WBBB: Freshwater Fish Survey Format for Final Database-2015 1. Region Surveyed: District- Coochbehar, State- West Bengal, Country- India. 1 2. Surveyed by: Dr. Debashis Das, Department of Zoology, Tufanganj Mahavidyalaya, Tufanganj-736160, Coochbehar, WB, India. 3. Duration of the Survey: From- 2013 To - 2015 4. Database of surveyed waterbodies: Detail database given in Format A1/S1-S28 (Beel spots) & A3/S29 – S63 (River spots) and in Format A2/S64 – S80 (Pond & Nayanjuli spots). A summary of all the spots covered during the course of survey is presented in a table format in Annexure-1 & Annexure-2. 5. Database of fishes in the surveyed waterbodies and region: Spot wise detail of fishes recorded is given in Format B. A summary of all the fishes recorded along with their photographs are presented in a table format in Annexure-3 & Annexure-4. 6. Database for Fish gears: Spot wise detail of fish gears recorded (so far possible) is given In Format C. The name and photographs of the fish gears recorded during survey is given in Annexure-5. 7. Conclusive report (text) on the observations by the surveyor : (3000-5000 words on the past, present status and future of water bodies and freshwater fishes in the surveyed region, threats and conservation strategies, invasive species, etc) Introduction: Region of the study : The Coochbehar District is situated in the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas in West Bengal. The district town Cooch Behar is the only planned town in North Bengal region with remnants of royal heritage. It is one of the main tourist destinations in West Bengal, especially for the Cooch Behar Palace and Madan Mohan Temple, and has been declared a heritage town [Source: Wikipedia]. Before 28th August 1949, Cooch Behar was a Princely State ruled by the king of Cooch Behar, who had been a feudatory ruler under British Government. Cooch Behar was transferred and merged with the province of West Bengal on 19th January, 1950 and from that date Cooch Behar emerged as a new District in the administrative map of West Bengal [Source : NIC, District Coochbehar]. The major religions followed in Cooch Behar are Hinduism, followed by Islam; Christianity and Sikhism. The religious composition is closely linked with that of Bengal and Assam with 76.44% Hindus and 23.34% Muslims. Communities that inhabit Cooch Behar include the Bengalis, Rajbangsi, Gorkha, Marwaris and Biharis. Commonly spoken languages include Bengali and Hindi. English and Assamese are understood by most of the people [Source : Wikipedia]. Geology and geography Cooch Behar district lies between 25°57'47" & 26°36'20" North Latitude [Source : District Census Handbook, 1961]. It is located at the North-Eastern part of West Bengal; bounded by the districts of Alipurduar in the north and Jalpaiguri in the north-west, state of Assam in the east (bounded by the districts of Kokrajhar & Dhubri WBBB/ FishSurvey/ Database Format/sjb2015 in Assam) and the International Border in the form of Indo-Bangladesh boundary in the south-west, south and south-east. The Area of the district is 3387 sq. Km, which contributes 3.82% of the land mass of the State of West Bengal [Source: NIC, District Coochbehar]. Cooch Behar is essentially a flat country with a slight south-eastern slope along which the main rivers of the district flow. Most of the high lands appertain to Sitalkuchi area and most of the low lands lie in Dinhata area. The soil is alluvial of very recent formation. It is mostly sandy and loose. The surface soil is loam and hardly any good clay is found [Source: NIC, District Coochbehar]. The rivers flow in a slanting course from north-west to south-east. Six river systems cut through the district flowing in a south-easterly direction. From the west to 2 east these are: the Tista system, Jaldhaka system, Torsa, Kaljani, Raidak and Gadadhar system. Heavy rains in Coochbehar often cause strong river currents and flooding. The turbulent water carries huge amounts of sand, silt, and pebbles, which have an adverse effect on crop production as well as on the hydrology of the region. Alluvial deposits form the soil, which is acidic. Soil depth varies from 15 cm to 50 cm, superimposed on a bed of sand. The foundation materials are igneous and metamorphic rocks at a depth 1000 m to 1500 m. The soil has low levels of nitrogen with moderate levels of potassium and phosphorus. Deficiencies of boron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, and sulphur are high [Source : Wikipedia]. Climate Five distinct seasons (summer, monsoons, autumn, winter and spring) can be observed in Cooch Behar, of which summer, monsoons and winter are more prominent. Cooch Behar has a moderate climate characterized by heavy rainfall during the monsoons and slight rainfall from October to mid-November. The district does not have high temperatures at any time of the year. The summer season is from April, the hottest month, to May. During the summer season, the mean daily maximum temperature is 36.5 °C, and the mean daily minimum is 20.2 °C. The winter season lasts from the end of November to February; January is the coldest, when temperature ranges between 10.4 °C and 24.1 °C. The lowest and highest temperatures recorded have been 3.9 °C and 39.9 °C respectively. The atmosphere is highly humid throughout the year except from February to May, when relative humidity is around 50 to 70 percent. The rainy season lasts from June to September. Average annual rainfall in the district is 3,201mm. However, the climate has undergone a drastic change in the past few years, with the mercury rising and the rainfall decreasing each year [Source : Wikipedia]. A highly humid atmosphere and abundant rains characterise the climate of this district, with the temperature being seldom excessive. The Period from June to beginning-of-October is south-west monsoon season. October to mid-November constitutes post monsoon season. Cold season being November to February and hot season being March to May [Source: NIC, District Coochbehar]. January is the coldest month with temperature varying between 5°C to 28°C, April is the hottest month with mean maximum temperature of 31°C and mean minimum temperature of 20°C(as per 2012 data). Lowest temperature up to 5°C and maximum temperature up to 37°C have been recorded in the year 2012. The atmosphere is highly humid throughout the year except February to May when relative humidity is as less as 50 to 70% [Source: NIC, District Coochbehar]. Maps The district of Cooch Behar comprises five sub-divisions namely Cooch Behar Sadar, Dinhata , Mathabhanga , Tufanganj and Mekhliganj subdivision. A district map showing the sub-divisions and the blocks was presented in the next page and a map showing the major rivers and roads was attached after that page [Courtesy: NIC, District Coochbehar & Wikipedia]. WBBB/ FishSurvey/ Database Format/sjb2015 3 Courtesy: NIC, District Coochbehar & Wikipedia WBBB/ FishSurvey/ Database Format/sjb2015 Major rivers and roads of Cooch Behar District of West Bengal 4 Courtesy: www.msmewb.org WBBB/ FishSurvey/ Database Format/sjb2015 Methodology: Wetlands surveyed in maps 5 WBBB/ FishSurvey/ Database Format/sjb2015 Methods of surveys (including the frequency of visits) Survey methods (1 to 8 points) were exclusively followed as directed by the West Bengal Biodiversity Board in its approval letter No. 241/3K(Bio)-2/2013 dated 22/04/2013. However stress was given to the interview of the local knowledgeable fisherman about the selection of the survey spots. Conventional different types of fishing gears e.g. gill nets, cast nets, dip nets, drag nets etc. were used and expert fishermen were engaged to capture the fishes from various spots. After capturing routine photography and proper preservation (Bagra and Das, 2010) were followed as per conventional method. Identification was done by identifying their general body form, 6 morphometric and meristic characteristics by consulting literature like Talwar and Jhingran (1991), Jayaram (1999), Viswanath (2000), Bhattacharyya (2007) and Chanda (2013). For valid scientific name FishBase website was consulted and to evaluate conservation status and trends IUCN websites were surfed. Regarding the frequency of visiting the spots surveyor tried to visit all the spots routinely at least once in three months except those spots which were dries up in late winter. Stress was given to those spots where chances of getting the varieties of fishes are more. In those cases frequency of visiting the spots is either weekly / bi-weekly. All these survey protocols were considered after a pilot survey and consulting the local knowledgeable persons / fishermen. Executive Summary: The topography and vegetation of Cooch Behar District is very similar to that of North East India which is a hotspot of biodiversity. Fishes are one of a major integral part of Bengalis’ diet & lifestyle; it is also found a special mention in Bengali literature. Agarwal’s (2006) findings suggested that more than 80% of the Bengali population were fish-eaters, and an average Bengali has consumed fish about 320 days out of the year.
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