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PRIMOS Operating System (Rev a Dynamic file and paging disk space allocation Features with optional usage quotas. a a Efficient multipurpose, multiprogramming Comprehensive, easy-to-use commandline operating system. processor and procedure language. a a Fully compatible across all Prime 50 Series Exception handling via an ANSI PL/I standard systems. condition mechanism. 5 a Utilizes the advanced architectural features of Per-userabbreviationfacility. Prime 50 Series systems. a a Inter-user messagefacility. Sophisticated virtualmemory mechanism a employing both segmentation and paging. Online HELPfacility. a a 32Mb maximumprogramsize. Advanced communications support. = a Embeddedre-entrant operating system. Indexed sequential access method and a CODASYL-compliant DBMS. Hardware memoryprotection system. a a Full complement ofutilities for disk Sharedtranslators, utilities and libraries. maintenance, system backupand program development. a Program developmentsupport andshared, re-entrant, recursive program execution. I— r— a Dynamic linking to operating system andshared PL/I Subset G FORTRAN77 libraries. ¢ a Upto 128 asynchronous terminals and 255 processes supported. Pascal FORTRAN 66 a Upto 8 synchronouslines supported. a 16Mb maximumphysical memory. BASIC/VM | COBOL 74 a Over 10Gb maximum massstorage. = | L_ Multilevel hierarchicalfile structure with access controllist protection. CPL RPG I Macro a Assembler Sequential anddirectfile access methods. (PMA) Description Compatibility All Prime computer systems — from the small The PRIMOSoperating system runsonall virtual memory Prime 2250 to the large virtual Prime 50 Series systems. This meansthat memory Prime 9950 that supports dozensof programsanddata files created on one Prime concurrent timeshared and queued tasks — use systemcanbe used on any other Prime system the multifunction PRIMOSoperating system. without modification. This compatibility holds Since each central processor providesa different true at both the source languagelevelandat the level of performance and functionality within object code and memory-imagelevels. Programs the Prime systems family, the PRIMOS running on a small Prime system can run operating system is designed to maximize the unchangedonlarger Prime systems with effectiveness of a processor’s resources while substantial speed improvement. This preserves minimizing operating system overhead. software investments and providesanattractive The PRIMOSoperating system further opti- upgrade and growthpotential. Large Prime mizes the high-speed computational ability and systemscanbeusedfor efficient software exceptionally large memory capacity of Prime development, creating programs and databases central processors by integrating both interactive that are easily transferred to smaller distributed and batch supervisory servicesinto a single processing systems. operating system. It is structured to take advantage of the advanced architectural features of Prime 50 Performance Series systems such as virtual memory, process exchange, dynamic linking and hardware memory Prime's system architecture was developed ina protection. This means the PRIMOSoperating rather unique way — the software was designed systemprovides a productive and easy-to-use first. The hardware wasdesignedto support the environmentfor program development and software with manyofthe traditional operating an efficient, secure, reliable environmentfor system functions implemented in microcode programexecution. Furthermore, as the same andhardware. Examples include the process operating systemrunsonall Prime 50 Series exchange mechanism, the hardware procedure systems, this environmentis fully compatible call mechanismand support for dynamic across the productline. linking. This ‘softwarefirst’ design philosophy The PRIMOSoperating system supports a manifests itself in terms of performance. The wide range of communicationfacilitiesincluding microcode and hardwareassist allows the seven RemoteJob Entry (RJE) products; Prime’s PRIMOSoperating system to maximize system Distributed Processing Terminal Executive performance,particularly in a multiuser (DPTX) for IBM connectibility; and environment. PRIMENET™networking software. Also supported are MIDASPLUS™, an indexed sequential file access method; DBMS,a CODASYL-compliant database management Ease-of-Use sysem; and a variety of industry-standard languages. The PRIMOSoperating system The PRIMOSoperating system provides a productive, easy-to-use environmentfor the supports a wide rangeof peripherals including application developer. Advanced features such as over 10Gb of massstorage, eight tape drives, four commanditeration, wildcarding, treewalking, parallel line printers and multiple serial printers, card readers, paper tape and graphicsdevices. namegeneration, CommandProcedure Language and the abbreviation processorlet users customize command environments. The condition mechanism allows an application designer to ensure that users remain within the application. The PRIMOSoperating system provides an extensive HELPfacility for user assistance on all system commands. The PRIMOSoperating system is designed to be easy to configure and bring up. At start-up time, it automatically configuresitself according to the hardwareinstalled on the system. Simple commands,in a configuration file used at system start-up, control additional configurable options within the PRIMOS operating system. Security and Integrity Embedded Operating System Hardware,firmware (microprogrammedlogic} The PRIMOSoperating system is exceptionally and software components within the PRIMOS responsive and provides direct and immediate operating system monitor the complete control becauseit is effectively embeddedin the hardware/software system to ensurereliable virtual address space shared by all users. [tis an hardware operation and secure process integral part of each user’s process, and executes execution, System integrity is maintained by for all users at the same time. The shared, single-bit main memoryerror correction and re-entrant embeddeddesign of the PRIMOS microverification routines that test the central operating system allowsit to service user processor's logic and help determinethe cause of requests with minimumoverhead anddelay. any faulty operation. A hardware-implemented Users canaccess an operating system resource ring protection mechanism protects memory in no more timethanit takes a user programto from accidental or unauthorized access, call a subroutine. preserving the integrity of the operating system, its databases andshared code. File systems security is based on access controllists. These Procedure Sharing allow access rights to any directory or file to be specified on a per userbasis. User access to the Memoryutilizationis greatly improved with the system is controlled through a secure log-in PRIMOSoperating system because one user can mechanism. The operating system also includes write procedures that others can share. Prime file access integrity features such as forward and systems make maximumuseof procedure backward pointers, and utilities to repair damage sharing. That means a shared procedureexists or inconsistencies. no more than once on disk and once in memory A Source-Level Debuggeris available for most regardless of the numberof users accessingit. Prime languages, allowing users to step through Prime’s system architecture provides for their source-level code and exert interactive separation of “pure’’ re-entrant code, static control over all aspects of program execution. storage and dynamic storage. A stack Theycanset or clear breakpoints on any architecture providesa re-entrant recursive statement, examine or modify variables, environmentfor program execution. Prime’s evaluate expressions, execute single statements shared high-level language translators generate and trace executionat will. The generic re-entrant code. All high-level language libraries capabilities of the Source-Level Debuggerare are also shared. Programsare dynamically unique and promoteuser convenience ina linked to shared libraries and PRIMOSoperating multilanguage environment. system services at runtime. Virtual Memory Data Communication/Networking The advanced virtual memory managementin The PRIMOSoperating system handlesall data the PRIMOSoperating system supports communication betweena Prime system and multiple concurrent processes, each with its interactive terminals, other Prime central ownprivate virtual memory space. Additional processors and other mainframes. The PRIMOS virtual memory space is shared amongall operating system communicates directly with processes. This mechanism takes advantage of most currently available asynchronous ASCII both segmentation and pagingto provide users terminals operating at speeds up to 9600 baud. an extremely large address space, eliminating Communication between Prime systemsis concern over program size limitations. (A 32Mb handled via PRIMENET Node Controllers program can be run ina user’s private address (PNC's) for locally connected processors,or space.) Virtual memoryresourcesare available through high-speed synchronouslines or public on systemswith as little as 512Kb of main data networks, using the CCITT X.25 standard memory. Thesize of the user’s virtual address packet switching protocol. spaceis independentof physical memorysize. The PRIMOSoperating system automatically takes advantageof additional increments of main memory(up to 16Mb)to reduce paging as system loadincreases. DPTX The Prime Distributed Processing Terminal Data Management Executive (DPTX)
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