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Investigation Final EIA Report 1 Agreement No. CE 43/2005 (EP) Harbour Area Treatment Scheme (HATS) Stage 2A EIA Study – Investigation Final EIA Report 11 MARINE ECOLOGY Introduction 11.1 This section identifies and evaluates the nature and extent of potential impacts on marine ecological resources that may arise from the construction and operational phases of HATS Stage 2A. Baseline conditions, evaluation of potential impacts, and recommended mitigation measures, where necessary, are discussed. 11.2 The impacts arising from disinfection processes ( E. coli levels, Dissolved oxygen depletion) and the potentially harmful products associated with this disinfection such as Total Residual Chlorine and Chlorination By-products are discussed in detail in the Agreement No. CE 7/2005 (EP) “Harbour Area Treatment Scheme Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Provision of Disinfection Facilities at Stonecutters Island” (ADF EIA). For reference, a brief summary of the findings is presented below. 11.3 The ADF EIA concluded that no adverse ecological impacts associated with disinfection processes and subsequent discharge of disinfected effluent would be anticipated during operation of the Project because: ••• Disinfection of sewage will improve the water quality in Western Buffer Water Control Zone and western Victoria Harbour Water Control Zone by reducing E. coli levels. ••• The levels of total residual chlorine (TRC) and chlorination by-products (CBP) in the disinfected sewage effluent will only cause highly localised changes in water quality at the Stonecutters Island Sewage Treatment Works (SCISTW) outfall and thus there will be no unacceptable ecological risk on marine mammals and other marine life in relation to toxicity of TRC and CBP. ••• As no adverse impacts on marine ecological resources are predicted, no mitigation measures are required. 11.4 This report focuses on the deterioration of water quality parameters and subsequent impacts arising from the construction and operation of HATS Stage 2A. Environmental Legislation, Policies, Plans, Standards and Criteria 11.5 Evaluation of impacts on marine ecological communities resulting from the project is conducted according to criteria in the Technical Memorandum on Environmental Impact Assessment Process (EIAO TM). Annex 16 of the EIAO TM sets out the methodology for assessment of impacts and Annex 8 provides the criteria for the evaluation of ecological impacts. 11.6 Other legislative requirements and evaluation criteria relevant to the current study for the protection of species and habitats of marine ecological importance are summarised below. Wild Animals Protection Ordinance (Cap. 170), designated wild animals are protected from being hunted, whilst their nests and eggs are protected from injury, destruction and removal. All marine cetaceans and sea turtles are protected under this Ordinance. The Protection of Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance (Cap. 586) provides protection for certain plant and animal species through controlling or prohibiting trade in the species. Certain types of corals are listed in Schedule 1 of the Ordinance, including Blue coral (Heliopora coerulea ), Organ pipe corals (family Tubiporidae), Black corals (order Antipatharia), Stony coral (order Scleractinia), Fire corals (family Milleporidae) and Lace corals (family Stylasteridae). Cetacea including whales, dolphins, porpoises, and rorquals are also listed under Schedules 1 & 2 of the Ordinance. The import, export and possession of scheduled corals, no matter dead or living, is restricted. Version 3 11-1 Agreement No. CE 43/2005 (EP) Harbour Area Treatment Scheme (HATS) Stage 2A EIA Study – Investigation Final EIA Report The Marine Parks Ordinance (Cap. 476) and Subsidiary Legislation allows for designation, control and management of marine parks and marine reserves through regulation of activities therein to protect, conserve and enhance the marine environment for the purposes of nature conservation, education, scientific research and recreation. The amended Town Planning Ordinance (Cap. 131) provides for the designation of coastal protection areas, Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs), Conservation Area, Country Park, Green Belt or other specified uses that promote conservation or protection of the environment. EIAO Guidance Note No. 6/2002 clarifies the requirements of ecological assessments under the EIAO. EIAO Guidance Note No. 7/2002 provides general guidelines for conducting ecological baseline surveys in order to fulfil requirements stipulated in the EIAO TM. 11.7 Also relevant are the following national and international conventions and conservation treaties: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) 2006 Red Data Books - provides taxonomic, conservation status and distribution information on threatened species that have been evaluated using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. This system is designed to determine the relative risk of extinction, and the main purpose of the IUCN Red List is to catalogue and highlight those taxa that are facing a higher risk of global extinction. United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity of 1992. The Convention requires signatories to make active efforts to protect and manage their biodiversity resources. The PRC is one of the contracting parties. The PRC National Protection Lists of Important Wild Animals and Plants - lists detail Category I and Category II key protected animal and plant species under Mainland Chinese Legislation. Assessment Methodology 11.8 The marine ecological impact assessment was conducted in accordance with the EIAO TM Annex 8 and Annex 16. In accordance with the EIA Study Brief No. ESB-129/2005, the assessment area for the marine ecological impact assessment should be the same as the assessment area for water quality impact assessment. 11.9 For this EIA study, the ecological baseline conditions in the assessment area, comprising Water Control Zones (WCZs) of North Western, Western Buffer, Southern, Victoria Harbour, Eastern Buffer and Junk Bay, were elucidated via a desktop study of available current literature. A review of the ecological information available covering the assessment area, indicates that existing data is extensive. In the Agreement No. CE42/2001 Environmental and Engineering Feasibility Assessment Studies in Relation to the Way Forward of the Harbour Area Treatment Scheme (HATS EEFS) (CDM, 2004), a comprehensive literature review is presented as well as results of subtidal and intertidal surveys (to fill in data gaps). Other sources were also used to further supplement the information available in the HATS EEFS report. Description of the Environment 11.10 The assessment area for the HATS 2A project includes the following water control zones as designated under the Water Pollution Control Ordinance (WPCO): Eastern Buffer, Southern, Victoria Harbour, Junk Bay, Western Buffer and North Western. This ecological baseline conditions in the assessment area are described below, comprising: Benthic communities Coral Communities Version 3 11-2 Agreement No. CE 43/2005 (EP) Harbour Area Treatment Scheme (HATS) Stage 2A EIA Study – Investigation Final EIA Report Intertidal communities Marine mammals (Chinese White Dolphin, Finless Porpoise), Green Turtles, Horseshoe Crab Artificial Reefs (ARs) at Sha Chau and the International Airport Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park, Cape D’ Aguilar Marine Reserve and SSSIs 11.11 Location maps of the ecological resources within the assessment area are shown in Figures 11.1a and 11.1b. Benthic Communities 11.12 Recent detailed information on Hong Kong’s benthic community can be found from a study conducted for the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD) in 2002, titled; Consultancy Study on Marine Benthic Communities in Hong Kong. This study was carried out by the City U Professional Service Limited. The study included 120 sampling stations ( Figure 11.2 ) and was carried out during both the wet season (June-July, 2001) and dry season (November-December, 2001). AFCD reported that sediment in the assessment area, except the area near Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park and areas near Soko Islands, is composed of very fine sand and silt or clay. The main species reported in this study are summarised below in Table 11.1 . Species were only recorded as present if occurrence was ≥50% of 120 sampling stations. The location of the recorded species is organized to correspond to the current assessment area for HATS Stage 2A. Table 11.1 Summary of Main Marine Benthic Species Recorded in Each WCZ During the AFCD (2002) Study Species NW WB VH EB JB S W D W D W D W D W D W D Polychaete Mediomastus sp. X X X X X X X X X X X X Sigambra hanaokai X X X X X X X X X X X X Aglaphamus dibranchis X X X X X X X X X X X X Sigambra sp. X X X X X X Cossurella dimorpha X X X Ophiodromus angustifrons X X X X X X X X X X Paraprionospio pinnata X X X X X X X X X X Prionospio malmgreni X X X X X X X X X X X Prionospio ehlersi X X X X X Otopsis sp. X X X X X Crustacean Callianassa japonica X X X X X Neoxenophthalmus X X X X X X X X X obscurus Echinoderm Amphiodia obecta X X X X X X X X Version 3 11-3 Agreement No. CE 43/2005 (EP) Harbour Area Treatment Scheme (HATS) Stage 2A EIA Study – Investigation Final EIA Report Sipunculan Apionsoma trichocephalus X X X X X X X X Key: NW - North Western; WB - Western Buffer; VH - Victoria Harbour; EB - Eastern Buffer; JB - Junk Bay; S - Southern; X - Species present in WCZ; D - Recorded in dry season; W - Recorded in wet season. Species is only listed as present if occurrence was ≥50% of 120 sampling stations. Source: Table is summarised from AFCD, 2002 11.13 The AFCD (2002) study reports that the species in Table 11.1 above were the most common and ubiquitous recorded and some of these species are also known to be well adapted to organic pollution. The most abundant species reported were, Polychaete annelids, Crustaceans and Bi-valves, comprising: 46.9%, 18.2% and 11.1% of the total species, respectively.
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