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The Future of European Naval Power and the High-End Challenge Jeremy Stöhs
Jeremy Stöhs ABOUT THE AUTHOR Dr. Jeremy Stöhs is the Deputy Director of the Austrian Center for Intelligence, Propaganda and Security Studies (ACIPSS) and a Non-Resident Fellow at the Institute for Security Policy, HOW HIGH? Kiel University. His research focuses on U.S. and European defence policy, maritime strategy and security, as well as public THE FUTURE OF security and safety. EUROPEAN NAVAL POWER AND THE HIGH-END CHALLENGE ISBN 978875745035-4 DJØF PUBLISHING IN COOPERATION WITH 9 788757 450354 CENTRE FOR MILITARY STUDIES How High? The Future of European Naval Power and the High-End Challenge Jeremy Stöhs How High? The Future of European Naval Power and the High-End Challenge Djøf Publishing In cooperation with Centre for Military Studies 2021 Jeremy Stöhs How High? The Future of European Naval Power and the High-End Challenge © 2021 by Djøf Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without the prior written permission of the Publisher. This publication is peer reviewed according to the standards set by the Danish Ministry of Higher Education and Science. Cover: Morten Lehmkuhl Print: Ecograf Printed in Denmark 2021 ISBN 978-87-574-5035-4 Djøf Publishing Gothersgade 137 1123 København K Telefon: 39 13 55 00 e-mail: [email protected] www. djoef-forlag.dk Editors’ preface The publications of this series present new research on defence and se- curity policy of relevance to Danish and international decision-makers. -
Redalyc.THE IMPACT of NATO on the SPANISH AIR FORCE
UNISCI Discussion Papers ISSN: 1696-2206 [email protected] Universidad Complutense de Madrid España Yaniz Velasco, Federico THE IMPACT OF NATO ON THE SPANISH AIR FORCE: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND FUTURE PROSPECTS UNISCI Discussion Papers, núm. 22, enero, 2010, pp. 224-244 Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=76712438014 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative UNISCI Discussion Papers, Nº 22 (January / Enero 2010) ISSN 1696-2206 THE IMPACT OF NATO ON THE SPANISH AIR FORCE: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND FUTURE PROSPECTS Federico Yaniz Velasco 1 Brigadier General, Spanish Air Force (Retired) Abstract: The Spanish Air Force is one of the oldest independent Air Forces in the world and the youngest service of the Spanish Armed Forces. Since the early 50’s of the last century it was very much involved in exercises and training with the United States Air Force following the Agreements that Spain signed with the United States in 1953. That is why when Spain joined NATO in 1982 the Spanish Air Force was already somewhat familiar with NATO doctrine and procedures. In the following years, cooperation with NATO was increased dramatically through exercises and, when necessary, in operations. The Spanish Air Force is now ready and well prepared to contribute to the common defence of NATO nations and to participate in NATO led operations whenever the Spanish government decides to do so. -
Naval Policy and Strategy in the Mediterranean
NAVAL POLICY AND STRATEGY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Copyright of collection © 2000 Frank Cass & Co. Ltd Copyright of articles © 2000 contributors CASS SERIES: NAVAL POLICY AND HISTORY ISSN 1366–9478 Series Editor: Holger Herwig The series will publish, first and foremost, fresh quality manuscripts by research scholars in the general area of naval policy and history, without national or chronological limitations. Furthermore, it will from time to time issue collections of important articles as well as reprints of classic works. 1. Austro-Hungarian Naval Policy, 1904–1914 Milan N.Vego 2. Far Flung Lines: Studies in Imperial Defence in Honour of Donald Mackenzie Schurman Edited by Keith Neilson and Greg Kennedy 3. Maritime Strategy and Continental Wars Rear Admiral Raja Menon 4. The Royal Navy and German Naval Disarmament 1942–1947 Chris Madsen 5. Naval Strategy and Operations in Narrow Seas Milan N.Vego 6. The Pen and Ink Sailor: Charles Middleton and the King’s Navy, 1778–1813 John E.Talbott 7. The Italian Navy and Fascist Expansionism, 1935–1940 Robert Mallett 8. The Role of the Merchant Marine in Maritime Foreign Defence Policy Formation Edited by Greg Kennedy 9. Naval Strategy in Northeast Asia: Geo-strategic Goals, Policies and Prospects Duk-Ki Kim 10. Naval Policy and Strategy in the Mediterranean: Past, Present and Future Edited by John B.Hattendorf Copyright of collection © 2000 Frank Cass & Co. Ltd Copyright of articles © 2000 contributors NAVAL POLICY AND STRATEGY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Past, Present and Future Edited by John B.Hattendorf US Naval War College FRANK CASS LONDON • PORTLAND, OR Copyright of collection © 2000 Frank Cass & Co. -
Nato's Military Structure: Change And
NEW WORLD ARCHITECTURE OF ECONOMY AND SECURITY 91 NATO’S MILITARY STRUCTURE: CHANGE AND CONTINUITY Ali Bilgin VARLIK Assistant Professor (Phd.), İstanbul Arel University, İİBF, IR, [email protected], ORCİD:0000-0002-5265-2321. Abstract NATO’s ability to accord and shape security environment can be consid- ered in four folds of which all are mutually integrated: Alliance’s solidarity, coherent common vision, consolidated security architecture and the capacity for rational prioritisation, and effective operational conduct. The security archi- tecture of the Alliance covers both core and peripheral organizations. The core organization conducts basic functions of the Alliance with the participation of the member states. Core or internal organization of the Alliance is composed of political, military and other complementary structures. The military struc- ture of NATO is of two components;command and the force structure. Com- mand structure comprises military headquarters responsible for the command and control of the military forces. Force structure of the Alliance is made up of forces allocated to NATO by member states. The Alliance has experienced four major transformative steps in command structure since its establishment. The initial force structure of the Alliance which covers all allocated forces to NATO has transformed to deployable force structure by three subsequent changes after the Cold War. The new structure is set based upon considerations on a gradual readiness level. This paper deals with the historical changes and continuity of NATO’s both command and force structures’ transformation and their justifica- tions -which have been rarely studies academically. Based up on this knowledge adequacy, effectiveness and rationality of both structures are scrutinised.The argument of the paper is that throughout NATO’s past the military structures has 92 YENİ DÜNYA EKONOMİ VE GÜVENLİK MİMARİSİ not only been a result of organizational change but also one of the main causes and determinants for the evolution and transformation of the Alliance. -
Final Decision on Mc 48/3 Measures to Implement the Strategic Concept for the Defence of the Nato Area
NATO Strategy Documents 1949 - 1969 MC 48/3(Final) 8 December 1969 FINAL DECISION ON MC 48/3 MEASURES TO IMPLEMENT THE STRATEGIC CONCEPT FOR THE DEFENCE OF THE NATO AREA 1. The Defence Planning Committee in Ministerial Session by DPC/ D(69)62 of 4 December 1969 adopted MC 48/3 as guidance for measures to implement the strategic concept for the defence of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Area. 2. This document supersedes MC 48/2(Final), 23 May 1957 which should be destroyed. FOR THE MILITARY COMMITTEE: N.G. PALAIOLOGOPOULOS Lieutenant General, Hellenic Army Director, International Military Staff NOTE: This Final Decision sheet now becomes a part of and shall be attached to MC48/3 as the top sheet. Page numbering of the complete document when this decision sheet is attached is as follows: MC48/3(Final Decision) - page I MC 48/3(Military Decision) - 26 pages Total pages - 27 This document consists of one page - I - MC 48/3(Final) NATO Strategy Documents 1949 - 1969 371 NATO Strategy Documents 1949 - 1969 372 NATO Strategy Documents 1949 - 1969 NATO Strategy Documents 1949 - 1969 MC 48/3(Military Decision) 6 May 1969 MILITARY DECISION ON MC 48/3 MEASURES TO IMPLEMENT THE STRATEGIC CONCEPT FOR THE DEFENCE OF THE NATO AREA 1. At their 44th Meeting on 6 May 1969, the Military Committee in Chiefs of Staff Session approved MC 48/3 and hereby forwards this document to the Secretary General with the request that the Defence Planning Committee take note of this action and approve the document. -
Authorized Abbreviations, Brevity Codes, and Acronyms
Army Regulation 310–50 Military Publications Authorized Abbreviations, Brevity Codes, and Acronyms Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC 15 November 1985 Unclassified USAPA EPS - * FORMAL * TF 2.45 05-21-98 07:23:12 PN 1 FILE: r130.fil SUMMARY of CHANGE AR 310–50 Authorized Abbreviations, Brevity Codes, and Acronyms This revision-- o Contains new and revised abbreviations, brevity codes , and acronyms. o Incorporates chapter 4, sections I and II of the previous regulation into chapters 2 and 3. o Redesignates chapter 5 of the previous regulation as chapter 4. USAPA EPS - * FORMAL * TF 2.45 05-21-98 07:23:13 PN 2 FILE: r130.fil Headquarters Army Regulation 310–50 Department of the Army Washington, DC 15 November 1985 Effective 15 November 1985 Military Publications Authorized Abbreviations, Brevity Codes, and Acronyms has been made to highlight changes from the a p p r o v a l f r o m H Q D A ( D A A G – A M S – P ) , earlier regulation dated 15February 1984. ALEX, VA 22331–0301. Summary. This regulation governs Depart- m e n t o f t h e A r m y a b b r e v i a t i o n s , b r e v i t y Interim changes. Interim changes to this codes, and acronyms. regulation are not official unless they are au- thenticated by The Adjutant General. Users Applicability. This regulation applies to el- will destroy interim changes on their expira- ements of the Active Army, Army National Guard, and U.S. -
Britain‟S Nuclear Command, Control and Operations
復興崗學報 民 95,87 期,359-392 Britain‟s Nuclear Command, Control and Operations Cheng Ta-chen Abstract Nuclear command and control systems allow the execution of wartime missions in conformity with the given nuclear strategy and include strict measures to eliminate the possibility of unauthorised or accidental firing of weapons. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis by investigating the British case. As far as targeting and operations were concerned, Britain‟s nuclear targeting and operation plans of strategic weapons were at two levels: the joint NATO operation and national targeting. In terms of tactical nuclear weapons, all three of Britain‟s armed forces in the Cold War possessed tactical nuclear weapons. Most tactical nuclear weapons in Europe were provided by the Americans, but the British had their own tactical nuclear stockpile. The small number of Britain‟s tactical nuclear weapons could perhaps be insignificant militarily, but they formed an important political commitment to the Alliance. Keywords:nuclear weapons, Britain, NATO, command and control, Moscow Criterion I must thank the precious comments from Dr Eric Grove, Professor John Simpson and Dr Thomas Kane. 359 Britain‟s Nuclear Command, Control and Operations 1.Introduction This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis by investigating issues about how Britain‟s nuclear weapons were commanded and controlled, how they were operated in various military and political situations, and how targets were selected. Such discussions and analysis are vital to scrutinise Britain‟s nuclear strategies and force postures. 2.Nuclear Command, Control and Communications of Strategic Nuclear Weapons Command and Control (C2) 2-1 Command and Control Ultimately, Britain‟s strategic nuclear weapons have always been under national political control. -
Ministry of Defence Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronym Long Title 1ACC No. 1 Air Control Centre 1SL First Sea Lord 200D Second OOD 200W Second 00W 2C Second Customer 2C (CL) Second Customer (Core Leadership) 2C (PM) Second Customer (Pivotal Management) 2CMG Customer 2 Management Group 2IC Second in Command 2Lt Second Lieutenant 2nd PUS Second Permanent Under Secretary of State 2SL Second Sea Lord 2SL/CNH Second Sea Lord Commander in Chief Naval Home Command 3GL Third Generation Language 3IC Third in Command 3PL Third Party Logistics 3PN Third Party Nationals 4C Co‐operation Co‐ordination Communication Control 4GL Fourth Generation Language A&A Alteration & Addition A&A Approval and Authorisation A&AEW Avionics And Air Electronic Warfare A&E Assurance and Evaluations A&ER Ammunition and Explosives Regulations A&F Assessment and Feedback A&RP Activity & Resource Planning A&SD Arms and Service Director A/AS Advanced/Advanced Supplementary A/D conv Analogue/ Digital Conversion A/G Air‐to‐Ground A/G/A Air Ground Air A/R As Required A/S Anti‐Submarine A/S or AS Anti Submarine A/WST Avionic/Weapons, Systems Trainer A3*G Acquisition 3‐Star Group A3I Accelerated Architecture Acquisition Initiative A3P Advanced Avionics Architectures and Packaging AA Acceptance Authority AA Active Adjunct AA Administering Authority AA Administrative Assistant AA Air Adviser AA Air Attache AA Air‐to‐Air AA Alternative Assumption AA Anti‐Aircraft AA Application Administrator AA Area Administrator AA Australian Army AAA Anti‐Aircraft Artillery AAA Automatic Anti‐Aircraft AAAD Airborne Anti‐Armour Defence Acronym -
Front Matter
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76094-2 - The Transformation of Europe’s Armed Forces: From the Rhine to Afghanistan Anthony King Frontmatter More information The Transformation of Europe’s Armed Forces As a result of new strategic threats, Europe’s land forces are currently undergoing a historic transformation which may reflect wider processes of European integration. Europe’s mass, mainly conscript armies are being replaced by smaller, more capable, professionalised militaries concentrated into new operational headquarters and rapid reaction bri- gades, able to plan, command, and execute global military interventions. At the same time, these headquarters and brigades are co-operating with each other across national borders at a level which would have been inconceivable in the twentieth century. As a result, a transnational mili- tary network is appearing in Europe, the forces in which are converging on common forms of military expertise. This is a groundbreaking study of the military dimensions of European integration, which have been largely ignored until now. The book will appeal to scholars across the social sciences interested in the progress of the European project, and the nature of the military today. Anthony King is Professor of Sociology at the University of Exeter. He has written extensively on social theory, football and the armed forces. Since 2003 he has been conducting intensive research on the armed forces, observing military training, exercises and operations as a result of which he has developed close relations with the armed forces at the highest levels. He has co-written parts of Britain’s new stabilisation doctrine and has recently worked for NATO’s Regional Command South Headquarters in Kandahar, Afghanistan. -
The Evolution of Strategy
This page intentionally left blank The Evolution of Strategy Is there a ‘Western way of war’ which pursues battles of annihilation and single-minded military victory? Is warfare on a path to ever greater destructive force? This magisterial new account answers these questions by tracing the history of Western thinking about strategy – the employ- ment of military force as a political instrument – from antiquity to the present day. Assessing sources from Vegetius to contemporary America, and with a particular focus on strategy since the Napoleonic Wars, Beatrice Heuser explores the evolution of strategic thought, the social institutions, norms and patterns of behaviour within which it operates, the policies that guide it and the culture that influences it. Ranging across technology and warfare, total warfare and small wars as well as land, sea, air and nuclear warfare, she demonstrates that warfare and strategic thinking have fluctuated wildly in their aims, intensity, limitations and excesses over the past two millennia. beatrice heuser holds the Chair of International History at the School of Politics and International Relations, University of Reading. Her publications include Reading Clausewitz (2002); Nuclear Mentalities? (1998) and Nuclear Strategies and Forces for Europe, 1949-2000 (1997), both on nuclear issues in NATO as a whole, and Britain, France, and Germany in particular. The Evolution of Strategy Thinking War from Antiquity to the Present Beatrice Heuser cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521155243 © Beatrice Heuser 2010 This publication is in copyright. -
Chapter 9, Annex 1 + October 2002
DoD Financial Management Regulation Volume 11A, Chapter 9, Annex 1 + October 2002 CHAPTER 9 +ANNEX 1 INTERNATIONAL MILITARY HEADQUARTERS AND RELATED AGENCIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE AGENTS RESPONSIBLE FOR THEIR SUPPORT AND FOR SUPPORT TO U.S. ELEMENTS Administrative Headquarters or Agency Agent A. NATO 1. NATO Military Committee Agencies a. International Military Staff (IMS) Army (Brussels, BE) b. Permanent Military Representatives to NATO Army (Brussels, BE) c. Canada - U.S. Regional Planning Group Army (Brussels, BE) 2. NATO Organizations and Agencies a. NATO Communications, Command and Control Air Force Agency (NC3A) (The Hague, NL) b. Military Agency for Standardization (MAS) Army (Brussels, BE) c. NATO Defense College Navy (Rome, IT) d. NATO Maintenance and Supply Agency (NAMSA) Army (Luxemburg) f. NATO Hawk Management Office Army (Ruell-Malmaison, FR) g. NATO ACCS Management Agency (NACMA) Army (Brussels, BE) 9-1-1 DoD Financial Management Regulation Volume 11A, Chapter 9, Annex 1 + October 2002 Administrative Headquarters or Agency Agent h. NATO Airborne Early Warning and Control Army Programme Management Agency (NAPMA) (Brunssum, NL) i. NATO Airborne Early Warning Force Command Army (Mons, BE) j. NATO Airborne Early Warning Main Operating Base Air Force (Geilenkirchen, GE) k. NATO CE-3A Component Air Force (Geilenkirchen, GE) l. NATO Research and Technology Organization (RTO) Air Force (Nueilly-sur-Seine, FR) m. NATO School Army (Oberammergau, GE) n. NATO CIS Operating and Support Agency (NACOSA) Army (Glons, BE) o. NATO Communication and Information Systems School Navy (NCISS) (Latina, IT) p. NATO Pipeline Committee (NPC) Army (Glons, BE) q. NATO Regional Operating Center Atlantic Navy (ROCLANT)/NACOSA Support Element (NSE) West (Oeiras, PO) 3. -
Začasni Angleško-Slovenski Priročni Slovar
ZAČASNI ANGLEŠKO-SLOVENSKI VOJAŠKI PRIROČNI SLOVAR TEMPORARY ENGLISH-SLOVENE MILITARY DICTIONARY HANDBOOK 1996 Avtorja: Branimir Furlan Marjan Mahnič Jezikovni pregled slovenskega besedila: Sonja Cestnik Zadnek Jezikovni pregled angleškega besedila: Microsoft Word Version 6.0a, International Correct Spell and International Hyphenator. Tehnično uredil: Bojan Rotar graf. inž. Izdal: Generalštab Slovenske vojske Založila: Uprava za razvoj MORS Tisk: Tiskarna Gorenjski tisk, Ljubljana, 1996 1 abatis zaseka; poseka; ovira iz hlodovine aberration of the needle odklon magnetne igle ability of forces zmožnost sil able control of fire uspešen nadzor ognja able to fight sposoben za boj able-bodied močan; izkušen abortive attack neuspešen napad About face! ukaz za polovični obrat na desno abrupt changes nenadne spremembe absence of facts pomanjkanje dejstev absent without leave (AWL) svojevoljna odsotnost acceleration pospešek accelerometer merilnik pospeška accept combat sprejeti boj; spopasti se acceptance flying preizkusni let accessibility pristopnost accessory defense pomožni obrambni objekt accidental cover priročno zaklonišče; zaklon accidental error nenamerna napaka accidental hit nenamerni zadetek accommodation (accn) namestitev; nastanitev accompany spremljati accompanying supplies osnovna sredstva enote ali posameznika; zaloge enote (b/k) accomplish izvesti; dokončati accomplish a mission opraviti nalogo accordance soglasnost account for obračunati, pojasniti accredit pooblastiti, overiti accuracy točnost; skrbnost; natančnost accuracy