Kaupunkiympäristön kehittäminen Maankäytön suunnittelu
Evaluation of the local master plan for the inner city 1998 City of Tampere, Finland Master Planning Unit P.O.Box 487, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland www.tampere.fi/kaavatjakiinteistot/kaavoitus/yleiskaavoitus
Layout: Birgitta Helsing
Cover photo: Lotta Kauppila
id 1207853 Contents
Introduction ...... 5 Starting points for the study ...... 7 1 Local master plans as space reservations and choices ...... 9 1.1 Principles and starting points for the local master plan for the inner city 1998 ...... 9 1.1.1 Housing ...... 9 1.1.2 The business and industrial sector ...... 13 1.1.3 Services ...... 15 1.1.4 Traffic and logistics ...... 18 1.1.5 Green areas ...... 20 1.1.6 Environmental management and protection ...... 22 1.1.7 The local master plan situation in 2014 ...... 24 2 Implemented matters ...... 27 2.1. Housing ...... 27 2.1.1 Infill development for housing adhering to the local master plan for the inner city ...... 27 2.1.2 Partial master plans and the residential areas covered by local detailed plans (contrary to the local master plan) ...... 29 2.1.3 Summary of the housing construction processes, and a comparison of the processes and their mutual differences ..... 32 2.2 Development of the industrial and working areas, the service areas, and the development of the centres ...... 34 2.2.1 Compliance with the local master plan and the deviations from it ...... 34 2.2.2 Features of the functional zones ...... 36 2.2.3 Services ...... 38 2.2.4 Summary and conclusions regarding the development of the industrial and working areas, the service areas, and the development of the centres ...... 40 2.3 Traffic system ...... 41 2.3.1 Main routes for walking and cycling, and the main outdoor routes ...... 42 2.3.2 Summary of the implemented traffic reservations ...... 42 2.4 The green network and recreation, environmental protection, and building protection ...... 43 2.4.1 The green network ...... 43 2.4.2 Environmental management and conservation ...... 44 2.4.3 The implementation in the local detailed plans of the protection of ancient monuments, nature conservation sites, and buildings designated for protection in the local master plan ...... 46 2.5 The inner city area in 2013 as space reservations in the current local detailed plan ...... 46 3 District-specific study on the development in recent years ...... 49 3.1 Central district ...... 50 3.2 Eastern district ...... 52 3.3 Southern district ...... 54 3.4 Western district ...... 56 4 Conclusions on the development in recent years ...... 58 4.1 The need for and role of steering in the plan ...... 60 4.2 Purpose of the local master plan ...... 62
Sources Appendices PHOTO: KAISU KUUSELA | 5 |
Introduction
he drawing up of the local master plan for the inner city of Tampere started in 2013. The present document is one of the basic background reports that are prepared for this new local master plan. The present document will assess the implementation and up- to-dateness of the local master plan that was approved in 1998 and the partial master plans that have been made in the 21st century.
The purpose of this report is to give a picture of the objectives and basic solutions of the old local master plan and of the partial master plans that have been made in recent years. This report will study the city’s development in recent years, i.e. in the period when the local master plans have been in force.
The report will review the inner city’s current state, as well as the housing and business conditions. The city centre of Tampere has been included in this report in order to investigate the theme as one entity. In the end part of the report, you will ind a description of each city district in the light of the themes presented in this report.
At the end, the report will discuss the up-to-dateness of the planning tool.
The report has been made by the City of Tampere’s master planning unit. Kaisu Kuusela, Project Architect, has been in charge of the work. The analysis work has been participated in by Hannu Eerikäinen, Architect, Urban Planning, for the part of the green areas and environmental protection. Map analyses have been carried out by Jouko Järnefelt, GIS Specialist, Jukka Aaltonen, Senior Planning Of icer, Maikki Jokinen, Technical Designer, and Kaisu Kuusela. The maps have been made by Maikki Jokinen. Birgitta Helsing, Technical Designer, has been in charge of the layout of the document.
Pia Hastio Head of Master Planning
Inner city master plan 2040 | Evaluation of the local master plan for the inner city 1998 PHOTO: KAISU KUUSELA | 7 |
Starting points for the study Local master plan for the inner city 1998, objectives and role
The local master plan for the inner city of Tampere was approved by the City Council of Tampere on 27 May 1998 and rati ied by the Ministry of the Environ- ment on 12 December 2000 and on 14 February 2003. The report that was in- cluded in the local master plan explains the plan’s statutory role. According to an Act that was in force at the time, it is nec- essary to make a local master plan in or- der to act as the basis for the planning of a city’s detailed planning, construction, and other land use. The purpose of the local master plan Local master plan for the inner city area. was to provide guidelines for drawing up and amending local detailed plans. Although local master planning was car- ried out in the period when the Building Act was in force, the local master plan for the inner city 1998 was made into a legally binding local master plan, as re- ferred to in the Land Use and Building Act, which came into force in 2000.
Geographic boundaries of the local master plan for the inner city 1998 Approved areas. The local master plan for the inner city 1998 was drawn up for the urban settle- ment zone that was located outside of the city centre and Pyynikki. The plan ex- cluded Kauppi‒Niihama and Lahdesjär- vi. In the plan’s approval phase, Ojala and Myllypuro were also excluded from the plan. Furthermore, after the City Council had made its approval decision, the City of Tampere cancelled the Ministry of the Environment’s rati ication procedure for Koilliskeskus and Santalahti. The City of Tampere wanted to investigate all the above mentioned areas more closely by means of partial master planning. The area that is currently covered by a local master plan, including The Supreme Administrative Court later partial master plans and related area specifications. repealed some reservations regarding in ill development for housing on the ined by means of partial master plan- ner city. They include the areas that were southern shore of Lake Iidesjärvi, in the ning. When rati ied, the local master excluded from the local master plan for area between Lahdesjärvi and Hallila, plan was partially outdated, as the Act the inner city 1998. and in the Hervantajärvi area. It was steering land use was reformed in 2000. The monitoring of holiday homes decided that the residential area reser- Since the beginning of the 21st cen- has been excluded from this study, due vations for the Hervantajärvi area that tury, fourteen partial master plans have to their low number. were approved later would be re-exam- been made for the city centre and the in-
Inner city master plan 2040 | Evaluation of the local master plan for the inner city 1998 | 8 | PHOTO: LOTTA KAUPPILA
Inner city master plan 2040 | Evaluation of the local master plan for the inner city 1998 | 9 | 1 Local master plans as space reservations and choices
The local master plan for the inner city was completed. It was estimated that the in two-storey terraced houses, and the 1998 extends to the entire city area and population would increase to 210,000 rest in one-storey terraced houses and in presents a variety of themes. The partial inhabitants by 2020. The original in- groups of detached houses. master plans that have been made in the ill development areas designated by The aim was to support the city cent- 21st century have focused on inding the local master plan for the inner city re by locating most of the reserve meant solutions for small planning matters 1998 had space reservations for rough- for blocks of lats in the city centre and covering small areas. This Chapter ly 29,000 inhabitants. Due to the geo- in the surrounding district. The objec- will present the local master planning graphical boundaries that were drawn tive was to locate most of the new resi- situation in 2014 and examine what in the approval phase, the number of dential areas outside of the district that principles are adhered to in organising inhabitants to be placed in the in ill de- surrounded the city centre. The aim was the City of Tampere’s functions in the velopment areas dropped to 20,000. Lat- to take account of the natural conditions, local master plans. er, partial master plans were made for the availability of basic services, and the some areas that were excluded from the transport connections when deciding on 1.1 Principles and star- plan, resulting in new local master plan the location, the geographical bounda- reserves for housing. ries, and the dimensioning of the resi- ting points for the local dential areas. master plan for the Jobs Originally, the local master plan for There were 95,700 jobs in Tampere in the inner city 1998 had 480 hectares inner city 1998 1998. The goal of the business and in- (in 120 in ill development areas) that The foreword to the report included dustrial sector has been to improve its were targeted for housing. In the plan’s in the local master plan for the inner operating conditions and to make the approval phase, some of the areas were city 1998 stated that the plan’s central economic structure more versatile. The left out and the size of the in ill develop- purpose was to steer in ill development objective of the local master plan for the ment areas decreased to less than 400 and de ine a green network. The aim inner city 1998 was to create 15,000 new hectares. was to make the local master plan valid jobs in Tampere by the turn of the 2010s. The local master plan also provided by 2020. The objective was to grow the Consequently, there should be roughly an opportunity for building dwellings in Tampere region, so that it would provide 110,700 jobs in Tampere in 2010. those centre areas that adhered to the a genuine alternative for the Helsinki local master plan (C areas), as well as in Metropolitan Area. The local master plan 1.1.1 Housing the inner city’s old residential areas. Ho- aimed at promoting the coherent and The objective of the local master plan wever, the local master plan for the inner compact city structure. The intention for the inner city 1998 was to promote city 1998 did not designate in ill deve- was to densify the city centre into a the construction of an urban commu- lopment to old residential areas. Instead, European city. nity structure dominated by detached most of the in ill development areas for housing and de ined by green areas. Out housing were located on former agricul- Population of the dwellings designated by the local tural lands and in forests. There were 191,000 inhabitants in Tam- master plan, the intention was to locate pere at the time the local master plan half of them in blocks of lats, one fourth
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Infill development areas of the local master plan for the inner city 1998.
Areas reserved for blocks of flats Detached housing areas 360 hectares for the construction of The report that was included in the lo- According to an estimate presented in detached housing. cal master plan for the inner city 1998 the local master plan for the inner city The AP areas marked in the local stated that in the following decades, the 1998, the aim was to produce 9,000 new master plan functioned as lexible zones construction of blocks of lats would be detached houses (calculated from the for which it was possible to plan terraced focused on the city centre’s sphere of im- plan’s approval to the year of 2020). houses, detached houses, or low-rise pact. In addition, the intention was to de- The idea was to form a maximum blocks of lats. signate the construction of blocks of lats of 500 plots for detached houses and The local master plan for the inner in the vicinity of the service centres and 500 terraced houses by densifying the city 1998 de ined the dimensioning prin- the public transport connections which inner city’s local detailed plan areas. In ciples for the in ill development areas for existed or had been planned in various addition, the intention was to plan plots housing: about 60% of the areas had to parts of Tampere. for about 6,300 detached houses in the be reserved for construction and the rest The objective regarding the produc- local master plan’s residential areas, for streets and parks. tion of blocks of lats was roughly 18,000 which meant the reservation of about dwellings (calculated from the local mas- ter plan’s approval to the year of 2020). Housing production plan presented in the local master plan 1998 It was estimated that in the old resi- dential areas covered by the local mas- (Group) Terraced Flats Total ter plan, there would be space for about detached houses 500 lats, which would be built in or- houses der to densify the areas concerned. For 1995- 2000/year 100 350 900 1300-1440/year example, in the residential areas covered by the local master plan, it has been pos- 2001-2010/year 80 300 770 1100-1200/year sible to convert small plots designated for public buildings into housing plots. 2010-2020/year 60 350 640 900-100/year
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Housing production 12 hectares for centre activities. Green area, but it also allowed the construction The local master plan for the inner city areas make up 45% of the total area. of 40,000 gross loor m2 for roughly 350 1998 estimated that the annual pro- The Hervantajärvi partial master new dwellings (and for 600‒650 new duction of blocks of lats would be 900 plan became valid in 2014. In this residents). Most of the new residential lats until the year 2000 and thereafter partial master plan, the area designated areas are located on the eastern side decrease until the year 2020. The pro- as residential areas is about 30 hectares, of Aitolahdentie Road and have been duction of detached housing was di- of which half are designated for blocks designated for blocks of lats. The Kale- mensioned to one hundred dwellings of lats and half for detached housing. vanrinne partial master plan reserved per year, and the production of terraced The idea was to locate about 75% of about 80,000 gross loor m2 for housing houses to 350 dwellings per year. It was the area’s residents in blocks of lats. In construction to be carried out in an area thought that an annual decrease corre- dimensioning, construction ef iciency of seven hectares. It is possible to locate sponding to the annual decrease in the e=0.70 has been used for the areas about 1,500 residents in the area. production of blocks of lats would also designated for blocks of lats, and The master plans on the western take place in the other forms of housing. e=0.30 for the detached housing areas. side of the city center that densify the It was estimated that the need for plots According to this dimensioning, it will community structure are located in old allocated for housing production would be possible to locate roughly 3,000 industrial sites near lake Näsijärvi. In be 35‒50 hectares per year. residents in these areas. The Santalahti partial master plan According to the estimates of the The Hervantajärvi partial master (from 2008) there is some 60 000 gross housing production plan (that was inclu- plan’s regulations have allowed the loor m2 for housing. It is possible to lo- ded in the local master plan for the in- placement of services that are suitable cate some 1, 300 residents in the area. ner city 1998), in 2010, detached houses for residential environments in areas The Lielahti partial master plan would constitute about 18% of the hou- that are dominated by blocks of lats. The (from 2008) was mainly made for enab- sing stock, terraced houses about 16%, residential areas that are dominated by ling a former stock area to transform and blocks of lats about 66%. detached housing may include terraced into a sub center. It is possible to locate houses, townhouses, and detached some 40. 000 gross loor m2 of housing Partial master plans houses whose storey height is I or II. in the center of the area. That corres- Since the 2000s to the present day, the The detached housing areas will be ponds some 850 new residents. master plans for housing have comple- implemented using an average block The Niemenranta partial master mented the residential area reservations ef iciency of 0.3, with space for about plan (from 2009) was made to enable that were presented by the local master 800 residents. In addition, there are housing in the reservation area for in- plan for the inner city 1998. These par- recreational and traf ic areas in the area. dustrial expansion. The area located di- tial master plans can be divided into two Out of the master plans for housing rectly north from the Lielahti area is di- themes: they either extend the commu- that extend the community structure, mensioned for average 4.000 residents. nity structure, or they alter the character the partial master plans for Ojala and Most of the new residential area, some of areas within the city structure. Nurmi‒Sorila are pending. It has been 34 hectars, are designated for blocs of The so far approved partial master estimated that the number of inhabi- lats. In all, it is possible to build some plans that extend the community tants in Ojala would increase by about 200.000 gross loor m2 of new hou- structure are located in the southern 6,000 people and that the number of sing in the area. In addition there are parts of the inner city, i.e. in Vuores, and inhabitants in Nurmi‒Sorila would be some 18.000 gross loor m2 designated in the Hervantajärvi area. The Vuores roughly 13,000 after the completion of for public services. There is also some partial master plan became valid in the area. 360.000 m2 reserved for recreational 2005. It was drawn up together with The Koilliskeskus partial master uses. the municipality of Lempäälä. In Vuores plan (from 2004) and the Kalevanrin- At the moment there is in process (in the territory belonging to Tampere), ne partial master plan (from 2011) one master plan that densify the com- 150 hectares have been designated for are the master plans for housing that munity structure. it is located in the city housing. According to the plan, roughly densify the community structure on center. 6,200 dwellings would be built and there the eastern side of the city centre. The would be about 10,200 residents in these Koilliskeskus partial master plan solved areas. In addition, the plan includes the commercial dimensioning of the
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The total housing situation in the local master plans In Tampere, the local master plan has A summary table of housing volumes in the local master plan designated 4,000 hectares for housing, Plan The volume Gross Increase which is 32% of the inner city’s land area of residential floor area in the that is covered by local master planning. areas in gross popula- The combined volume of the new (in hectares) floor m2 tion residential areas that have been included Infill development areas of the local 399 1 051 000 22 000 in the local master plan for the inner city master plan for the inner city 1998, 1998 and in the partial master plans that housing were completed in the 2000s is less than Partial master plan for Vuores 2005, 140 435 000 10 200 650 hectares. According to local master residential areas planning, it has been possible to locate approximately 44,000 residents in these Partial master plan for Koilliskeskus 9 42 300 850 areas. Besides the local master plans’ 2004 residential areas, it is also possible to Partial master plan for Santalahti 7 60 570 1 300 build dwellings in areas that have been 2008 designated for centre activities (C areas) Partial master plan for Lielahti 2008, 6 40 000 850 by local master planning. centre Partial master plan for Niemenranta 34 200 000 4 200 2009 Partial master plan for Kalevanrinne 7 80 000 1 500 2011 Partial master plan for Hervantajärvi 30 155 000 3 000 2014 Total 632 2 075 870 44 150
Residential areas included in the local master plan for the inner city 1998, infill development areas for housing, and partial master plans that contain housing functions..
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1.1.2 The business and At the end of the 1990s, some of the logistic connections in western Tampe- industrial sector old industrial areas had become areas re. The Lahdesjärvi partial master plan for production-dominated enterprises, (from 2013) dealt with the relation of At the time the local master plan for the and, therefore, the sales activities services and workplaces. Lahdesjärvi is inner city 1998 was approved, the num- dealing with production also had to be located close to good traf ic connections ber of industrial jobs had been decrea- allowed. There are areas in Hatanpää, in southern Tampere. sing for almost twenty years. Industrial Sarankulma, Lakalaiva, and Nekala that The Myllypuro partial master plan activities decreased in the city centre, in have been marked with the symbol T-3, was made for a 390-hectare area on particular, but the number of jobs in the which allows sales activities. Tampere’s western border. It has been service sector kept increasing. Twenty In the local master plan for the inner planned that the industrial area would years ago, the City Council of Tampere city 1998, the actual industrial environ- extend to the neighbouring municipali- set a guideline according to which the ments were Rusko, Hankkio, as well as ties’ territories. There are less than 240 goal of the business and industrial sector Messukylä, Sarankulma, and the sides hectares of industrial working areas in was to improve its operating conditions of the railway line running to Nokia. the plan. The rest of the plan area, 150 and to make the economic structure The plan included reservations for new hectares, has been designated as traf ic more versatile. industrial areas in Myllypuro, Ryydyn- and recreational areas. The plan allows There are several old industrial areas pohja, Lahdesjärvi, Atala, and Olkahinen. the creation of roughly 4,000 new jobs in in the inner city, such as Nekala, Hatan- When locating these industrial and wor- the area. pää, and Lielahti, where the transforma- king areas, the smooth connections to The Lahdesjärvi partial master plan tion from industrial into service areas the main road network were taken into (from 2013) studied complementing and started in the 1980s. The local master account. extending the working areas by means plan for the inner city 1998 increased of trade activities that have an extensive the share of services in these areas and Partial master plans space requirement. Roughly 60 hectares at the eastern end of Sammonkatu Street. The working and industrial areas have of working areas and 92 hectares of areas The areas were marked with the symbol also been studied by means of partial for services and administration have PK-2. Later, the Lielahti partial master master plans. The Myllypuro partial been designated for this master plan plan was drawn up, allowing the trans- master plan (from 2009) focused on the area. Out of these reservations, about formation of Lielahti into a commercial production-dominated industrial activi- 29 hectares were new area reservations. environment and into a district centre. ties that were located close to the good Along with this partial master plan, the
PProduction-dominated d ti d i t d bbusiness i areas (T(T-3) 3) and d service-dominated i d i t d bbusiness i areas (PK(PK-2, 2 PKPK-3) 3) of the local master plan for the inner city 1998.
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original building rights (allowed by the areas covered by local detailed planning, 2,600 jobs in the area. It is estimated that local detailed plans) were increased by the gross loor area designated for roughly 2,000 new jobs will be created about 130,000 gross loor m2. As re- the construction of business premises in the area, most of which will be in the gards commercial services, about 50,000 may only be one fourth of the total trade sector. gross loor m2 of specialised trade and gross loor area. As regards the areas The Vuores partial master plan (from 290,000 gross loor m2 of trade that has marked as working areas in the plan, 2005) had about 29 hectares of working an extensive space requirement may be the reservation for the construction of areas. It is possible to build about 85,000 placed in the area. business premises has been meant for gross loor m2 of commercial and of ice According to the partial master the use of trade that has an extensive premises in the area. After completion, plan, it is not possible to locate grocery space requirement. Construction in there may about 800‒1,200 jobs in the stores in Lahdesjärvi. In the working accordance with the plan allows about area.
Centres of the local master plan for the inner city.
Public and private service areas included in the local master plan for the inner city 1998.
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1.1.3 Services The main centre was a centre for the and a primary school). The population The aim of the location of the service province, the central region, and the city base was 1,000‒3,000 residents. The areas in the local master plan for inner that provided functions serving the cent- plan symbol C-11 concerns these areas. city 1998 was to enable the development ral region and the city. The local master plan for the inner of versatile services in the entire city The district centres (Tesoma, Her- city allowed commercial services in area. There had to be smooth connec- vanta, and Koilliskeskus, and later Lie- those industrial areas where sales tions to the service areas by all modes of lahti) were the main centre’s sub-cent- activities were allowed by the symbol transport. In addition, the development res. They had to have functions which T-3. In addition, the old trade-dominated of the areas had to be monitored and, if complemented or replaced services business areas were marked with the necessary, steered. provided by the main centre and which symbol PK-2 and the service-dominated The local master plan for the inner served a part of the city area. The plan business areas with the symbol PK-3. city 1998 organised the public and com- symbol C-9 concerns these areas. Public services have been steered to the mercial services into neighbourhood, The local centres were centres for city structure by using the symbol PY. local, district, and main centres. In addi- groups of city districts that had versa- tion to this four-step system, it was also tile services complementing the basic Partial master plans possible to locate public and private ser- services and thus affected many city The Koilliskeskus partial master plan vices in some old industrial areas, as well districts, such as services provided by (from 2004) solved the dimensioning as in areas reserved for public services. banks, post of ices, and pharmacies. The of the commercial functions in the area. The aim of these general markings was population base was about 5,000 resi- The size of the plan area was 110 hecta- to prevent any uncontrollable location of dents. The plan symbol C-10 concerns res. The objective of the partial master large retail units. these areas. plan was to develop Koilliskeskus into A report made in 1994 was used as a The neighbourhood centres were a versatile and practical district cent- basis for the service network presented centres for a city district or for a residen- re. The areas for a new large retail unit by the local master plan for the inner tial area to which the aim was to locate and the Linnainmaa swimming hall were city. The local master plan steered basic services (i.e. a telephone booth, a reserved in the plan. The dimensioning the services to the city districts in the kiosk, a children’s playground or a ball- of the new shopping centre was about following way: ield, a grocery store, a daycare centre, 12,000 gross loor m2, of which the area PHOTO: KAISU KUUSELA
Lielahti district centre is a dense cluster of commercial services.
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designated for grocery stores was 3,000 loor m2 of business premises in Lielah- by 24,000 gross loor m2. Consequent- gross loor m2. ti. Out of the area allowed to be used for ly, the planning area has 120,000 gross In addition, the plan allowed a total the construction of business premises, loor m2 for business premises. Out of of 14,000 gross loor m2 for the current half had been implemented at the time this volume, the share of grocery stores shopping centre and for the social and the plan was approved. is 14,000 gross loor m2 and the share health station. Thanks to this entry, it is The area that was used by M-Real for of specialised trade (other than the spe- possible to build more space – the local its industrial activities as well as the Tur- cialised trade with an extensive space re- detailed plan allows the construction of vesuo area were marked as industrial quirement) 70,000 gross loor m2. 1,000 gross loor m2 for trade premises areas in the plan. Working areas were and 800 gross loor m2 for public ser- designated to the western side of Myl- The business and industrial vices. lypuronkatu Street, to the southern side sector in the local master plans, The Lielahti partial master plan of Teivaalantie Road, and to the eastern a summary (from 2008) sorted out the role of Lie- side Lielahdenkatu Street. lahti as a district centre and steered the Along with the Kalevanrinne partial The local master plan for the inner city development of its commercial services master plan (which was completed in 1998 and the more recent partial mas- with respect to the Tampere Central Re- 2011), the sides of Sammonkatu Street ter plans have a total of 2,395 hectares gion’s service network. The size of the were converted into an urban residential of working areas, centres, and service partial master plan’s area was slightly area and the Prisma centre into a versa- areas. That is 18% of the land area cove- over 200 hectares. tile commercial and service area. The red by the local master plan. The partial master plan allowed the partial master plan increased the plan- construction of about 200,000 gross ning area’s volume of business premises
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The working, industrial, service, and centre function areas of local master plans.
A summary table of the volume of working and service areas included in the local master plan. Not all local master plans include an estimate of the gross floor areas or number of jobs.
Plan Plan marking Surface area Gross floor area The estimated (in hectares) in gross floor m2 number of new jobs T (T, T-3, TY-1) 984 Local master plan for the inner city PK (P/r, PK-2, PK-3) 241 1998 PY (PY) 408
PK 8,5 25 200 Partial master plan for Koilliskeskus 2004 PY 3,4 800
Partial master plan for Vuores 2005 TP 29 85 000 800-1200
Partial master plan for Lielahti 2008 PK 50 200 000
Partial master plan for Myllypuro 2009 T 240 4000
PK 12,6 120 000 Partial master plan for Kalevanrinne 2011 PY 4,3
T, TP 60 600 Partial master plan for Lahdesjärvi 2013 PK 92 342 000 2000
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1.1.4 Traffic and logistics At the time the local master plan for smoother vehicle traf ic and parking and According to the local master plan for the inner city 1998 was completed, the an underground alignment for the light the inner city 1998, the state of the main aim was to carry out a separate regional- rail system. The plan also presented the traf ic network was good. The goal of the level study regarding pedestrian and alignment of the Rantaväylä tunnel. In local master plan’s traf ic planning was bicycle traf ic. The intention was to use addition, walking and cycling were made to produce a solution where the modes this study as a basis for creating the smoother by implementing structural of travel are integrated to each other in connections between the municipal solutions in many places in the city cen- a balanced and smooth way, adequately centres. The local master plan reduced tre. The aim was to develop the public serving citizens and enterprises. At the the scope of the pedestrian and bicycle transport structure by allowing the con- turn of the 2000s, the focus of traf ic network, so that only the most important struction of a light rail system beneath network development was shifting to connections between the city districts the city centre. the development of the lower-category were presented. The Vuores partial master plan street network. From the perspective of rail traf ic, it planned a street area and a bridge to the As regards vehicle traf ic, the local was stated that the location of Tampere inner city’s extension area. Alterations master plan for the inner city 1998 is nationally central. The long-term ob- and modi ications were carried out to aimed at complementing the radial jective has been to start using the main traf ic arrangements in the old industrial and ring-shaped main traf ic network railway line in commuter services, as areas of Koilliskeskus, Lielahti, Nie- in Tampere. According to the plan, the well. menranta, and Lahdesjärvi. In these street and road network leaned on a The development of the airport was areas, most of the new street network ring-shaped main network circling the regarded as an important theme in the consisted of the road network that was city centre to which both long-distance trunk traf ic system of the region and meant for local vehicle traf ic. The Ka- traf ic and traf ic running between the the central region. The creation of the levanrinne partial master plan did city districts were steered to. Thanks prerequisites for the construction of the not cause any alterations to the traf ic to steering the traf ic between the city Lakalaiva‒Kalkku motorway by the local network. The partial master plans for districts to the ring road, it was possible master plan for the inner city signi icant- Santalahti, Myllypuro, and Hervan- to protect the residential areas from ly contributed to the matter. The plan tajärvi produced local traf ic networks traf ic driving through them. That way, also aimed at promoting the ring route that supported the internal functionality traf ic noise and emissions were brought that has been planned from Hervanta to- of the areas concerned. into control. wards Kangasala. The largest road reservation in the Tramway local master plan for the inner city was Partial master plans The master plan for the tramway was the Holvasti‒Aitovuori road reservation. The drawing up of the master plan for completed in the spring of 2014. In the This reservation belongs to the area city centre traf ic (from 2006) started summer of 2014, the City Council deci- covered by the Ojala partial master plan in a situation where it was necessary ded on the continuation of the planning (in a proposal phase), and it will be re- to ind traf ic solutions in order to sup- work. In the irst phase, the tramline examined in connection with this plan. port the city centre’s vitality. Amongst would be built between Hervanta and The local master plan for the inner the central structural questions in the the city centre and there would also be city 1998 aimed at promoting the role of mid-2000s were the light rail system, the a rail connection to the Tampere Univer- public transport by densifying the com- Rantaväylä tunnel, and connecting Rata- sity Hospital (TAYS). The tramline would munity structure. The new residential pihankatu Street to Kekkosentie Road. Of be extended from the city centre to Len- areas of Tampella, Finlayson, Hatanpää, these, the irst two were regionally signi- tävänniemi, bringing vigorous develop- and Iidesranta were regarded as im- icant projects. ment to Lielahti. portant objects of public transport. The The master plan for city centre traf- launch of light rail traf ic was regarded ic decided to develop the area’s trans- as one opportunity for organising public port conditions in a versatile way. The transport. plan’s underground solutions allowed
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Trunk roads and regional roads included in the local master plans.
Main pedestrian and cycling routes and recreational routes included in the local master plans.
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1.1.5 Green areas The local master plan for the inner The Kauppi‒Niihama partial mas- The local master plan for the inner city city 1998 designated a total of 2,462 ter plan came into force in 2011. Thanks 1998 regarded the green network as hectares of green and protected areas. In to this plan, Kauppi‒Niihama became a a central element organising the city addition, there are city district parks, as signi icant recreational area in Tampe- structure. The green areas have been well as pedestrian and cycling connec- re. Kauppi‒Niihama has a total of 1,020 formed on the basis of the natural featu- tions that have been allocated to parks, hectares of protected areas, recreational res and the needs of the adjacent areas. in old detached housing areas as well as areas, sports and recreational areas, and Signi icant amendments to the green in in ill development areas for housing areas for holiday homes. network were made by more recent par- of the local master plan for the inner city In the Iidesjärvi partial master tial master plans. 1998. plan (from 2014), Lake Iidesjärvi was The green areas were marked by two marked as a protected area and most of symbols on map 2 of the local master Partial master plans its shores as park areas. The plan area is plan for the inner city 1998. The areas The City Council of Tampere approved about 160 hectares, of which the share of were classi ied as areas to be preserved the Pyynikki partial master plan in 1991. water is about 40%. The size of the park as green areas, or as areas to be preser- Most of the plan area was located on the and recreational areas is about 30 hec- ved as signi icant green areas. The rec- unbuilt southern slope of Pyynikinharju tares, which is almost 20% of the plan reational areas marked by the symbol Esker, which was designated as a area. VLK, VLL, or VLM were included in the protected area in the plan. In addition, local master plan’s green areas. In addi- the local master plan designated local Summary of the green areas co- tion, the green areas also included the recreational areas, or areas reserved for vered by the local master plans areas reserved for sports and recreatio- sports and recreational areas as well as The inner city’s local master plans have nal services (VU), the nature reserves water areas. The local master plan has a total of 4,592 hectares of green areas, (SL), the camping areas (RT), the collec- almost 82 hectares of protected and which is 36% of the inner city’s land area. tive gardening areas (RP), the graveyard recreational areas. Apart from Jalkasaari Along with the partial master plans, the areas (EH), and the areas reserved for Island, this area has also been covered by share of the recreational areas has sig- agriculture and forestry (MU). local detailed planning. ni icantly increased in recent years.
Recreational, protected, graveyard, collective gardening, and hiking areas included in the local master plans.
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A summary of the green areas included in the local master plans
Name of the local master plan Recreational, protected, graveyard, and holiday home areas (in hectares) included in the local master plan
Local master plan for the inner city 1998 2462
Partial master plan for Koilliskeskus 2004 11
Partial master plan for Vuores 2005 425
Master plan for city centre traffic 2006 77
Partial master plan for Lielahti 2008 15
Partial master plan for Santalahti 2008 9
Partial master plan for Niemenranta 2009 23
Partial master plan for Myllypuro 2009 56
Partial master plan for Kauppi-Niihama 2011 1019
Partial master plan for Kalevanrinne 2011 14
Partial master plan for Lahdesjärvi 2013 106
Partial master plan for Iidesjärvi 2014 121
Partial master plan for Hervantajärvi 2014 173
Partial master plan for Pyynikki 1991 82
Total 4593
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• Protected site on the basis of an Act, a 1.1.6 Environmental mana- häjärvi was only passable because of the Decree, a local detailed plan, or some gement and protection activities of the Viinikanlahti wastewater other regulation. (On the map: a black treatment plant. square.) In order to ensure sustainable develop- The aim of all land use planning was • A very signi icant site as to its cultural ment, the objectives of the local mas- to reduce transport needs, utilise the history, architecture, or city structure, ter plan for the inner city 1998 were to existing structures, and to preserve the which has been meant to be protect- promote the creation of a healthy and natural values. The ground protection ed by virtue of a local detailed plan or inspiring environment and to allow the programme was drawn up in order to the Building Protection Act (raken- nussuojelulaki, in Finnish). (Protec- preservation of the versatile and ecologi- safeguard the groundwater areas in tion by means of local detailed plan- cally sustainable natural environment in esker areas, in particular. ning, on the map: a square that is half Tampere. This report has examined the black.) implementation of the protected sites in Ancient monuments and • A signi icant site; measures taken the built environment for the part of the building protection must observe its value. (Discretiona- local master plan for the inner city 1998 At the end of the 1990s, there were 130 ry protection, on the map: an un illed and for the part of the local master plan hectares of nature reserves protected square.) for the City of Tampere 1988. under law or under local detailed plans The local master plan for the inner in Tampere. They were located in nine This report will also examine the state city 1998 followed the Finnish Govern- areas. On the basis of the Nature Conser- of the built environment at sites desig- ment’s decision (1996) on the guidelines vation Act, nineteen natural formations nated by the local master plan for the and limit values for air quality. The guide- were protected in Tampere. City of Tampere 1988. These valuable lines concerned the airborne content of In the inner city, the protected sites areas present the well-preserved layers sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, car- that were marked in the valid local mas- of Tampere’s development history, from bon monoxide, suspended particulates, ter plans were cultural and natural en- the time the city was established to the breathable particles, and sulphur com- vironments. In the local master plan for post-war reconstruction era. Detached pounds. At the time the local master plan the inner city 1998, the protection of the housing in different periods has been was approved, the guidelines were ex- built environment was based on a pub- raised as a particular theme of protec- ceeded in some places in the city centre. lication that provided guidelines for the tion. According to the noise control pro- construction culture in Tampere (Tam- The local master plan 1988 has three gramme that was made at the turn of pereen rakennuskulttuuri, in Finnish). protection categories: the decennium, 34,000 people were li- The protected sites have been orga- • A very signi icant or signi icant area ving at the end of the 1990s in an area nised by theme and listed on plan map 2 as to cultural history, architecture, where the level of traf ic noise exceeded and in the report (according to the cate- or cityscape, whose special features 55 dBA. Out of these people, 1,100 were gory and the protection status): and protection must be taken into account in detailed planning and in exposed to noise that exceeded 65 dBA. A Signi icant areas other measures. (The areas have been The noise was particularly caused by ve- marked with a green colour on the ad- hicle, rail, and air traf ic. The noise cont- R Signi icant building jacent map.) K Church rol tool used in the local master planning • Area whose character will be preser- was a noise report (required in a local H Graveyard ved. In renovations and alterations, detailed plan phase) in areas where the M Ancient monuments, these sites the original stylistic features of the guidelines were exceeded. have been protected by virtue of buildings, as well as materials and co- According to the local master plan antiquities legislation lours characteristic of the construc- tion period must be preserved. New for the inner city 1998, the major SL Nature reserves, these areas have construction must be itted to the cause of the lower air quality were the been protected or have been meant cityscape. It is important to create small airborne particles whose annual to be protected under a local the prerequisites for preserving the average value was double as high as the detailed plan or by virtue of character of the street areas and the the Nature Conservation Act guidelines at the end of the 1990s. It was plantations. (The areas have been L marked with violet on the adjacent noted that half of the airborne dust was Nature conservation sites, these sites have been protected as map.) created by traf ic. natural monuments by virtue of the • Area dating from the reconstruction At the time the local master plan for Nature Conservation Act period. When carrying out measures the inner city 1998 was approved, the N Valuable plant areas in the area, the above protection re- large lakes (i.e., Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi) commendation and the report that were recovering from industrial activi- Significant built sites and areas will be made on the renovation of ties. At the time the local master plan for these buildings must be taken into ac- the inner city was prepared, it was noted The local master plan for the inner city count. (The areas have been marked with yellow on the adjacent map.) that the water quality in Lake Näsijärvi 1998 has presented the protected sites (close to Lielahti) was deteriorating, due in the built environment by using three to the industrial activities. The water symbols (depending on the level of pro- quality in the eastern parts of Lake Py- tection):
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Protected areas and sites included in the local master plans 1988 and 1998.
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1.1.7 The local master plan situation in 2014
The local master plan for the inner city 1998 is the most recent local master A summary table of the volume of different forms plan that deals with the urban area of land use in the inner city area in the local master plan extensively. The more recent partial Surface area master plans have complemented the Form of land use Surface area % (in hectares) aims of this local master plan in cases where areas were excluded from the Residential areas (A) 4 031 32 plan in the approval phase. The more recent partial master plans have also Areas with centre functions (C) 188 1 responded to the planning needs caused Industrial areas (T, TP) 1 366 11 by the changing operating environments. As regards the area, the largest form Service areas (P) 289 2 of land use in the local master plan for the inner city 1998 was housing: 3,718 Public service areas (Y) 504 4 hectares, i.e. 26.5% of all land use in the plan. The largest areas thereafter Business premises areas (K) 48 0 were the recreational areas (2,522 hectares and 18%), the industrial areas Green areas (V, M) 4 536 36 (1,337 hectares and 9.5%), the traf ic Areas with special functions (E) 317 3 areas (1,121 hectares and 8%), and the services areas (667 hectares and 4.8%). Traffic areas 1 338 11 The statistical data included in the local master plan for the inner city 1998 have Total 12 617 100 been attached to this report.
Local master plan situation in 2014. Separate partial master plans are pending for the centre of Tampere and for Ojala.
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In the inner city, the size of the land designated for service areas and 550 ner city 1998 with the current local mas- area is 127 km2, of which almost all areas hectares for areas reserved for public ter planning situation, it can be seen that were covered by local master planning buildings. In addition, there are about 50 the green and recreational areas have be- (126 km2) in the summer of 2014. hectares of business areas in the plan. come the largest form of land use ‒ they Currently, the area covered by local master The size of the recreational areas co- have exceeded housing, which is now the planning is divided, so that housing takes vered by local master planning is 4,600 second largest form of land use. Today, about 4,000 hectares, which is 32% of the hectares, which is more than 36% of tho- the area required by the traf ic areas is inner city areas covered by local master se inner city areas that are covered by as equally large as the industrial areas. planning. The local master plans have local master planning. Over 1,300 hecta- They are the third largest forms of land about 200 hectares of mixed centre areas. res have been reserved for traf ic areas, use. In the past ifteen years, the share of The size of the area used by industry which is 11% of the inner city areas cove- the local master plans’ service areas has and logistics is less than 1,400 hectares, red by local master planning. decreased the most. which is 11% of the area covered by local When comparing statistical data pre- master planning. There are 300 hectares sented by the local master plan for the in- PHOTO: PIA HASTIO
Housing construction has been intense on the shores of the large lakes.
Inner city master plan 2040 | Evaluation of the local master plan for the inner city 1998 | 26 | PHOTO: PIA HASTIO
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2 Implemented matters
This section will present the develop- the local master plan for the City of Tam- increased gross loor area for housing ment of Tampere from the end of the pere 1988. The aim is to ind out to what and the increased population produced 1990s to the end of 2013 from the pers- extent the development objectives set by partial master planning. Besides, we pective of planning. The source mate- (by the local master plans) for the areas have also observed the increased gross rial comprises the local detailed plans have been implemented. loor area for housing and the increased made in 1999‒2013 and the deviation Amongst the central themes are the population produced by local detailed decisions that have been approved from construction of the residential areas as planning that allows housing, contrary 2003 onwards (there are no archives on well as the development of the working to local master planning. Housing pro- the earlier deviation decisions). Furt- and industrial areas. The traf ic systems, duction will be examined in the period hermore, this study takes account of the the green network, the recreational envi- 2005‒2010 on the basis of the data pro- approved building permits from 1999 ronments, and the protected sites will be vided by the City of Tampere’s Statistical onwards. studied brie ly. Yearbook 2010. When carrying out population analy- We have carried out the analyses in ses, we have used the City of Tampere’s 2.1 Housing a way that will allow a more automati- facta register and the YKR (the Finnish Between 1999 and 2013, the population sed monitoring of housing construction Monitoring System for Spatial Structu- of Tampere increased by 30,000 people. in the future. The description of the ana- re) material from 2000 and from 2013. This report will study the most central lysis methods has been attached to this The city centre area has been included processes that have enabled the popula- report. in the present study as to its residential tion increase. areas, working areas, and traf ic areas. In addition to the local master plan 2.1.1 Infill development for The implementation of the local detailed for the inner city 1998, we will also ob- housing adhering to the plans’ protection entries regarding the serve the increased gross loor area for built environment has been examined housing and the increased population local master plan for the for the part of the local master plan for in the centre areas (symbol C) covered inner city the inner city 1998 and for the part of by local master planning, as well as the Housing production adhering to the lo-
The implemented and unimplemented infill development areas of the local master plan for the inner city 1998. There are extensive areas in the inner city area for which no infill construction has been proposed in the local master plan. Later prepared partial master plans have partly rectified this problem. The main reasons for the lack of implementation of the infill development areas are re-planning and private land ownership.
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cal master plan for the inner city 1998 have chie ly been built in accordance Tampere. On the other hand, land tran- has been possible on three kinds of zo- with the targeted gross loor area and sactions have also enabled construction nes of land use covered by local master number of residents. The objective set in in ill development areas. In Jokipohja, planning: in ill development areas for by the local master plan is clearly excee- the transfer of land areas to the City of housing, old residential areas, and in ded only in Hatanpää and in the centre of Tampere’s ownership made the planning centre areas. As regards housing and lo- Hervanta. Both areas were implemented of Muotiala and its construction possible cal detailed planning, quantitative and as areas dominated by blocks of lats, in the 2000s. The small-sized in ill de- qualitative objectives were only set for and they were clearly more ef icient velopment reservations in challenging the local master plan’s in ill develop- than the objectives set by the local mas- locations have so far not been imple- ment areas. In ill development in the ter plan. The implemented in ill deve- mented. centres and in the existing residential lopment areas for housing that were de- The old residential areas of the local areas was allowed. signated by the local master plan for the master plan for the inner city 1998 have A total of 134 hectares of the local inner city 1998 represent a high-quality been densi ied by means of local detailed master plan’s in ill development areas urban structure in a spirit of the quali- planning, in accordance with the objec- have been designated for housing by tative objectives set by the local master tives set by the local master plan. In old local detailed plans. At the end of 2013, plan. They form entities that are ade- detached housing areas, a plot reserve there were slightly over 14,000 resi- quately integrated to their surroundin- has accumulated due to the division of dents in these areas, which is less than gs. Here, we can mention the residential plots. It has become possible (by means half of the number of residents that was areas of Rahola and Muotiala, which are of local detailed planning) to designate originally targeted to the in ill develop- examples of thoroughly investigated and small plots (that have been reserved for ment areas. About 650,000 gross loor adequately implemented areas. other purposes) for housing. The areas m2 have been built in these areas. The land ownership conditions have have become denser via other proces- The in ill development areas for hou- slowed down the taking into use of lar- ses as well. For example, it was only in sing presented in the local master plan ge in ill development areas in eastern the period covered by this study that the
Housing construction in the local master plan for the inner city 1998. The image shows the construction of residential and infill development areas included in the local master plan between 1999 and 2013. Three versions of the dimensi- oning of the infill development areas are shown: as specified in the local master plan, as specified in the local detailed plan, and as implemented. The infill development in residential areas is shown as specified in the local detailed plan and as implemented. Infill development of old residential areas, in particular, has been implemented without the stee- ring of a local master plan.
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plots which were included in local de- (2005). The centres presented by these in the centre of Kaukajärvi. There is also tailed plans before 1999 could be taken plans form the framework for the city’s housing in the centre of Muotiala. The into construction use. Detached housing private and public service network. same amount of gross loor area for hou- areas have also been protected in accor- However, a centre area is a lexible plan sing has been designated (by means of dance with the objectives set by the local entry and may, therefore, also include local detailed planning) for the centre of master plan for the City of Tampere 1988. housing. Vuores, as for Koilliskeskus. Almost 200 hectares of plots located Housing construction in centre areas In western Tampere, the district in old residential areas have been built covered by local master planning has centres have not attracted housing in 1999‒2013. In this period, 800,000 been active in the city centre, as well as construction. Stimulated by the Lielahti gross loor m2 have been built in these in the district and local centres in eas- partial master plan, Lielahti became a areas, and the areas have received more tern Tampere. Thanks to the guidelines commercial district. There has not been than 16,000 new residents. The size of set by the partial master plan for the city any construction in the centre of Tesoma the old residential areas for which local centre, housing construction in Tampella in the period when the master plan for detailed plans have been drawn up over and Finlayson became possible. The city the inner city 1998 was prepared and the past ifteen years is 315,000 gross centre areas marked with the symbol C has existed. These areas and the local loor m2. In the framework of these local have received slightly less than 1,600 centres in southern Tampere have not detailed plans, these areas have almost new residents in the past ifteen years. developed from the perspective of 285,000 gross loor m2 and about 6,000 The centres located in the area that is housing. In 1999‒2013, the population residents. Consequently, a large part of covered by the local master plan for the living in Tampere’s centre areas has the in ill development for housing is con- inner city 1998 have developed in an un- increased by slightly less than 4,000 nected to the plots that were included in balanced way for the part of housing. residents. local detailed plans before 1999. The surroundings of Hervanta’s In addition to the centres presented central axis developed vigorously in the 2.1.2 Partial master plans and by the local master plan for the inner city 2000s. At the end of 2013, there were the residential areas covered 1998, the present study regarding the 1,250 new residents in the C area of the construction of centre areas comprise the local master plan. There were 264 resi- by local detailed plans (cont- centre areas of the partial master plans dents in the local master plan’s C area rary to the local master plan) for the city centre (1995), Koilliskeskus for Koilliskeskus. As regards the local Over the past ifteen years, the aim has (2004), Lielahti (2008), and Vuores centres, there were about 700 residents been to respond to Tampere’s vigorous
Housing construction in the centres included in local master plans from 1999 through 2013. In addition to the epicentre, there has been infill development in centres near the eastern bypass and in Hervanta. The attraction of the latter is partly due to the university and the related working area.
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growth by directing housing to areas that also been assessed. The local detailed residential and in ill development areas are located outside of those residential plan work (for the partial master plans of the local master plan for the inner city. and centre areas that were designated listed above) was almost completed at However, it must be noted that the local by the local master plan for the inner Niemenranta in the autumn of 2014. In detailed plans regarding the in ill deve- city 1998. Housing conditions have been Vuores, the work continues in the north- lopment areas of the local master plan studied and enabled by means of partial ern part of the district. Both districts are for the inner city 1998 have designated master plans and local detailed plans. being built. Local detailed planning is compensatory recreational areas. Conse- Since the mid-2000s, seven partial on-going in Santalahti and Kalevanrinne, quently, this procedure partly concerns master plans for housing have been and local detailed planning for Hervan- the general character of local master completed in the inner city area. The tajärvi has begun. planning. present study includes six valid partial At the end of 2013, the gross loor The areas that have been converted master plans, which propose more hou- areas covered by the partial master plans into residential areas by means of local sing to the planning area: the partial was 970,000 gross loor m2 of which the detailed planning are located in areas master plans for Koilliskeskus (2004), area covered by local detailed planning designated as service and industrial areas Niemenranta (2009), Santalahti (2008), was 470,000 gross loor m2. The size of by the local master plans. The constructed Kalevanrinne (2011), Vuores (2005), the areas built by 2013 is 8.2 hectares. areas are versatile in character. Amongst and for Hervantajärvi (2014). These areas have a gross loor area of the densely built in ill development areas Partial master planning has been 66,000 gross loor m2. The total number are the residential areas of Ratina and a tool for studying the target area in a of inhabitants in these areas is 1,250. Sammonkatu Street, and the northern comprehensive way. It has been possible At the end of 2013, there was a parts of Hervanta. These extension areas to study the housing conditions and the reserve for about 20,000 residents in the are located close to the existing centre connection of housing to the city structu- areas covered by the partial local master areas. The in ill development areas of re’s other elements (as suf iciently large plans. Tampella and Ratina are the local master entities) in the areas of change that are At the same time, areas designated plan’s green and traf ic areas, as well as located within the city structure or out- by the local master plans for service ac- their extensions on the illed shores of side of the urban settlement zone. tivities, industry, or as survey areas have the large lakes. The partial master plans have esti- been reserved for housing by means of The size of the housing plots that mated the impacts of housing construc- local detailed plans. In the local detai- were produced in 1999‒2013 outside of tion from the perspectives of new resi- led plan phase, some of the local mas- the local master plans’ residential areas dents and the environment. The impacts ter plan’s recreational areas have been is 93 hectares. The gross loor area given on the organisation of services have reserved for housing, particularly in the in the local detailed plans for these areas
The construction situation of residential plots outside the residential areas included in partial master plans and local master plans at the end of 2013. Attractive centres are being extended based on partial master plans and local detailed plans. Also the shores of the large lakes are attractive environments for efficient housing construction. The precision of the method used in the analysis also highlights the minor deviations resulting from the non-detailed nature of the local master plan.
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A comparison of the processes The area (m2) The number Implemented Number of Inhabitants Average that facilitate housing construc- of the local de- of new gross floor inhabitants /gross plot tion tailed planning residential area in total in 2013 floor m2 efficiency units in accor- buildings (gross floor m2) dance with the 1999-2013 process Infill development reservations included in the local master plan 1 343 500 1 186 642 545 14 174 1 /45 0,48 for the inner city 1998 Residential areas included in the local master plan for the inner 1 990 200 1 630 795 325 16 217 1/49 0,40 city 1998 Centres included in local master 190 000 84 253 559 3 952 1/64 1,33 plans (C areas) Construction implemented based on the partial master plan 82 300 84 66 047 1 246 1/53 0,80 process Housing outside the residential areas that is included in the local 646 000 422 480 763 8 938 1/54 0,74 master plans Deviations 66 350 3 8412 166 1/51 0,13
A comparison of the implemented infill development areas included in the local master plan for the inner city 1998 and the housing implemented outside the residential areas included in the local master plans. Housing construction from 1999 through 2013. A comparison of various processes. One-third of the city’s growth is located in the infill development areas specified in the local master plan for the inner city 1998. The densification of old residential areas has been more efficient. One-fifth of the city’s growth has taken place outside the residential areas included in the local master plan. The total volume of new construction in the past 15 years has exceeded the dimensioning specified in the local master plan for the inner city 1998. The focusing of construction on housing blocks creates pressure to use the same efficiency in infill construction as in city centre areas.
The population increase in housing construction from 1999 through 2013 based on the various infill development processes. Infill development has been implemented through various processes in areas where the growth pressure has been great, such as the city centre and Hervanta. On the other hand, there are extensive zones in the inner city area where the population has not increased though any of the processes.
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is 870,000 gross loor m2. Out of this detached housing out of all dwellings is ef iciency in the areas is e=0.5. Out of the gross loor area, 480,000 gross loor m2 15%, even though their share is more city’s increased population, 29% have were implemented at the end of 2013. than two thirds out of the residential been channelled to these growth zones. These areas had 8,900 residents at the building stock in Tampere. When also taking account of the housing end of 2013. Most of the residential areas construction activities in the centre areas implemented outside of the local master 2.1.3 Summary of the hou- covered by the local master plans, the plan have been made very compact. sing construction proces- share of housing construction that adhe- res to the local master plan for the inner Housing production ses, and a comparison of city 1998 out of all housing construction Housing construction has been more the processes and their that took place in 1999‒2013 is 78%. vigorous and more dominated by blocks mutual differences So far, the average ef iciency of the of lats than was forecast by the housing sites built in the areas covered by the production projection that was included Out of the gross loor area for housing partial master plans is e=0.8, which in the local master plan for the inner city built in 1999‒2013, 35% has been built corresponds to the ef iciency of the 1998. According to the City of Tampe- in the old detached housing areas that blocks of lats. The residential sites re’s Statistical Yearbook 2010‒2011, the are covered by local master planning, that are located outside of the local annual production of housing from the due to the division of plots carried master plan’s residential areas have mid-2000s onwards has been well over out on the residents’ initiative. These been implemented equally ef iciently. 1,000 dwellings. new construction activities (which The share of the housing construction Although the volumes of annual hou- have been implemented by means of a activities completed outside of the sing production have varied by several detached housing typology) have been residential areas at the end of 2013 out hundreds of dwellings, the production of implemented with an average ef iciency of the gross loor area for housing that detached housing and blocks of lats has, of e=0.4. From the perspective of the local was implemented during the period of year after year, exceeded the objectives master plan, spontaneous densi ication study was 22%. The share of the gross set by the housing production projection has been the most signi icant tool for loor area built in areas that are covered of the local master plan for the inner city steering the growing population. In the by local master planning was 3%. 1998. However, the production of ter- old areas of blocks of lats, there has In 1999‒2013, almost one third raced houses has remained behind the not been any in ill development and of the Tampere’s population settled local master plan’s objective. the population number has begun to in housing areas that were produced In 2011, over 70% of the city’s dwel- decrease. contrary to the local master plans. lings were located in blocks of lats. The The in ill development areas mar- Two thirds of the city’s population share of small lats is high. Housing pro- ked in the local master plan for the in- have become affected by local master duction is increasingly focused on small ner city 1998 have become compact and planning in a spontaneous way. lats and detached housing. The share of typologically versatile. The average plot
Housing production between 2006 and 2011 as per building type
Lähde: Tampereen kaupungin tilastollinen vuosikirja 2010-2011.
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Quality of the built environment kus area, the mixing of functions and ty- more compact, as on these old plots, The infill development areas marked in pologies in city blocks and in buildings there is a great deal of space that can be the local master plan for the inner city has not been successful. densi ied and the ownership of the plots 1998 are high-quality areas that are Most of the residential blocks that is clear. It should be investigated as to on smoothly connected to traf ic networks have been built outside of the areas what conditions the old areas of blocks at all levels. In addition, the municipal reserved for housing by the local master of lats could also be densi ied. services provided in these areas have plan are located in the vicinity of the The aim has been to respond to been produced systematically. attractive centres or the good traf ic Tampere’s strong growth by drawing up Due to densi ication, the unbroken connections. These environments are partial master plans that allow housing character of the old detached housing not systematically linked to the green within the city structure or on its ex- areas and their cultural values may network or to public services. However, tension, and by converting the service, have been lost. In the spring of 2014, when located close to the centres, the industrial, and survey area reservations the Supreme Administrative Court set centre-like typology is extended to these into residential use by means of local de- a guideline (in connection with a local areas. The in ill development activities tailed planning. In order to receive more detailed plan made for a detached that have been carried out by other residents, it has been more ef icient to housing area) that if a local detailed means than by local master planning act by means of local detailed plans, as plan’s boundary that only concerns one have removed service plots from the partial master plan areas have been plot is implemented, one cannot be sure many city districts. This has advanced implemented slowly due to the heavy that it is possible to treat the neighbours the creation of unbalanced district character of the planning process. The equally (the principle of equality) in structures. It is dif icult to increase focus on the production of blocks of lats the future. (Supreme Administrative services in areas where the service plots in the housing construction activities Court:2014:54, 20 May 2014) The values have been planned for residential use. that are implemented outside of the local concerning the cultural and building master plan’s residential areas causes a history of the area may prevent the Development challenges dealing pressure to schedule in ill development implementation of the plot division. with typologies, ownership, and as ef iciently as in the centres. Housing has been located in the local the planning process The construction of blocks of lats in master plans’ attractive centres. So far, the centres is strongly linked to attrac- amongst the attractive factors have been Some of the in ill development areas tive factors such as the centres’ connec- a good location in relation to the traf ic marked in the local master plan for tions to the other parts of Tampere and network, as well as the public functions the inner city 1998 have not been to the area’s functional structure. If the that organise the urban structure (such implemented due to the new local areas surrounding the existing areas of as educational institutions, services, and master plan processes or due to the blocks of lats are not developed, they the proximity of workplaces). The creati- private ownership of land. The detached may decline, and even deteriorate in the on of a centre-like, mixed structure in the housing areas that are located in those long run. implemented areas has been challenging residential areas that are covered by the in places. For example, in the Koilliskes- local master plan are likely to become
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2.2 Development of the industrial and working areas, the service areas, and the development of the centres
In this section, we will study new local 2010, there would be 110,700 jobs in ”On the southern side of the current detailed plans that were drawn up for Tampere. According to the City of Tam- building, the aim is to construct a busi- the industrial, service, and centre areas pere’s Statistical Yearbook 2010‒2011, ness-park-like solution that is made up in 1999‒2013, as well as local detailed the number of jobs in 2010 was 116,219. of three buildings (commercial and ofϔice plan amendments that have resulted in The number of jobs that was targeted by premises) that are chained to each other. one hundred plan areas. In addition, we the local master plan was exceeded, even … will also study the deviation decisions though the number has been slightly de- Most of the area is reserved to func- from 2003 onwards for the areas con- creasing in recent years. tion as a city block area for ofϔice and pro- cerned. The number of these deviation duction buildings, as well as for buildings decisions is 161. 2.2.1 Compliance with the that serve research activities. The industrial areas that were inclu- local master plan and the The six plots bordering Metsolankatu ded in the local master plan for the in- Street and Lentokentänkatu Street will be ner city 1998 have been covered by local deviations from it converted into plots for terraced houses detailed plans in 1940‒1970. A large Fragmentation and in ill development and residential buildings.” number of building rights were assigned are amongst the plan processes (that The low volume of investments that to the plots that were rati ied in that pe- adhere to the local master plan) for the is characteristic of industrial areas is also riod. This has allowed the actors in the industrial, service, and business areas. visible in this plan project: the of ice and area to expand their operations. Conse- In these areas, most of the local detailed research buildings planned in 2003 have quently, the number of applications re- plan amendments have conformed to the not been implemented. Nevertheless, the garding local detailed plan amendments local master plan. residential buildings were constructed. is low, when proportioning the number The fact that the activities of the The conversion of industrial and of amendments to the size of the area enterprises in industrial areas are be- service area reservations into housing is and to the number of jobs in the area. coming increasingly up-to-date can be a phenomenon that concerns the entire In this study, we have investigat- seen in the fact that local detailed plan city. More than 90 hectares of these local ed how the areas have developed after amendments now allow shifting from master plan’s reservations have been the granting of the local detailed plan production-dominated operations to converted into housing. These areas are amendments and the deviation deci- product development. Consequently, located in many parts of the city centre sions. In addition to the plan maps, we these enterprises will need more ver- and the inner city. Increasing the volume have also studied the local detailed plan satile premises, but their need for the of business premises in industrial areas reports, as well as the justi ications writ- volume of premises will decrease. The has also been clearly seen in recent ten by the applicants of the plan amend- local detailed plan quoted below crystal- years. ments and of the deviation decisions, as lises the development in these industrial Over the course of time, the changes affecting the dynamics of the areas. Along with the plan project, an industrial, working, and service areas industrial and working areas (and partly area reservation for industrial produc- have become more versatile as to their the service areas) often take place within tion was fragmented in order to also pro- administration, activities, and premises. the old building stock. The present study vide of ice and business premises in the It is dif icult to describe these areas also has quotations from some plan re- vicinity of the production facility. Part of consistently, as matters dealing with ports, in order to explain the different the area was converted into housing. their location, ownership, history, and conditions in the areas. An excerpt from the report of local neighbourhood have made the areas The objective of the local master detailed plan no. 7545 for Rantaperkiö very different. plan for the inner city 1998 was that by (from 2003):
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TheThe volume and direction of grgrossoss floor area pprocessedrocessed in connection to local detailed pplanslans and deviation decisions concerning the industrial, working, service, and centre areas included in the local master plans provide information on functions between 1999 and 2013. The size of the circle in the picture does not correspond to the volume of investment in the area. In western Tampere, for example, most of the changes have taken place within the old building stock.
Buildings completed in the industrial, working, service, and centre areas included in the local master plans between 2005 and 2013. The city centre clearly stands out from the rest of the city as the most diverse construction area with the most significant volume. Some of the construction in the city centre is linked to publicly funded improvement of conditions such as the development of traffic systems. In other parts of the inner city, construction is less diverse and is smaller in volume.
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2.2.2 Features of the This three-storey building will extend the role of the large retail units. This functional zones to a wide area and there will be long dis- completed the process where warehou- tances inside the building. It is necessary ses were converted into commercial pre- Industrial areas to build several staircases and lift lobbies mises, irst under deviation decisions, in the building, in order to prevent wal- and later under local detailed plans. This There are three large industrial areas king through the work premises. An exten- change was affected by the irst land use in Tampere: Myllypuro, Rusko, and sion that would be carried out later would plan for the Tampere Region, where the Etu-Hankkio. In these large industrial mean even longer distances in the buil- area had been marked as a district cent- areas covered by local master planning, ding and a scattered work community. re. The Lielahti partial master plan has local detailed plans have not been ad- A taller building would be more efϔi- also allowed centre activities, which is justed in order to make them adhere to cient and compact. In this case, the buil- why it would also be possible to plan the more recent local master plans, but ding could be designed as having one more housing in Lielahti. plans have been adjusted in connection main staircase and lift lobby, when the lift with projects or other planning needs. lobby, as well as the meeting and lunch Lahdesjärvi process On the basis of the plans studied, it can premises (located in the vicinity of the lift be said that these areas develop slowly The Lahdesjärvi partial master plan was lobby), would bring the work community as the industrial actors are very econo- approved in 1990. In the local master together. In addition, it would be easy to mical in investing in new construction. plan for the inner city 1998, Lahdesjär- carry out an extension later without ma- Over the past ifteen years, some lo- vi has been marked as a survey area and king the connections in the building exces- cal detailed plans have been made for the partial master plan that was appro- sively long. Due to its compact dimensio- Myllypuro. They have been carried out ved in the 1990s remained in force in the ning, the building would emphasise the on the City of Tampere’s initiative, and area. In local detailed planning carried unity of the work community and part of they have been technical procedures out in the 2000s, part of Lahdesjärvi was the plot could be saved for some other use. carried out due to the restructuring ac- made to adhere to the entry large retail A taller building would be a good land- tivities that have been implemented in unit, because the irst land use plan for mark in the fairly scattered district struc- the traf ic areas. The Myllypuro partial the Tampere Region used this entry for ture of Rusko. master plan was rati ied in 2009. The the area. The Lahdesjärvi partial master A permit to deviate from the number plan provides extension opportunities in plan was completed in the autumn of of ϔloors deϔined by the local detailed the area. 2013. In this partial master plan, most plan is applied for, so that a building Etu-Hankkio is one of the inner ci- of the area has been designated for trade with a maximum of seven stories could be ty’s industrial areas that adhere to the that has an extensive space requirement constructed.” local master plan. The area is developing but there are also areas for workplace and becoming more versatile (mainly as functions. The traf ic conditions in the an industrial area). Rise of the services area were also developed. The commer- The industrial area of Rusko has Out of all plan areas formed by means cial activities are developing in the wake chie ly developed by means of a local of the local detailed plan amendments of Ikea, which was opened in Lahdesjärvi detailed plan that was made for the area in the industrial, business, and service in 2010. Over recent years, commercial in the 1970s. In recent years, the area has areas, 61% concern increasing the volu- and of ice premises have been built in been extended to the south (by means of me of business premises in the plan area. the area. a local detailed plan). However, there is 35% of them deal with converting an in- not yet any new construction in this zone. dustrial plot into a commercial plot or Specialised clusters of expertise In recent years, the largest construction increasing the volume of business pre- On the basis of the plans studied, it ap- project in Rusko has been an industrial mises on a plot that has been designated pears that the most dynamic develop- and of ice building (which received the for industrial operations. ment activities are located in the area of permits in 2011), which deviated from the Tampere University of Technology the local detailed plan (from 1979) by Lielahti process (TTY) in Hervanta, and in the area of producing more of ice premises in the Lielahti is an old industrial and ware- the Tampere University Hospital (TAYS) area than what was allowed by the plan. house area. The local master plan for the in Kauppi. These areas are developing In addition, the building masses were inner city 1998 stated that the eastern at such a brisk pace that planning is designed according to the current needs: part of Lielahti had transformed from not able to react to their changes of di- an industrial area into a zone dominat- Justi ications given in the deviation rection. Since the 2000s, local detailed ed by services. Before that, a large retail application, Committee for City Plan- plans have been created for both areas, unit, for example, had set its operations ning and Infrastructure Services, 10 but the areas have not entirely been de- in the area. The pressure to respond to May 2011, Section 155 veloped in accordance with the local de- the area’s increasing commercial role led tailed plans but projects have also been “A building for ofϔices, product deve- to drawing up a partial master plan that launched under deviation decisions. lopment, and service premises has been was approved in 2006. This plan allowed Justi ications given in the deviation planned for the site. The size of the buil- the making of the area into a district application regarding a project whe- ding will be 10,000 m2. centre, and the plan also established re the plan is to locate an eight-storey
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educational and of ice building in the city centre. Locations for business and the southern side of the city centre in TTY area also for the use of private accommodation premises have been loo- the old industrial areas of Hatanpää, enterprises, Committee for City Plan- ked for in the vicinity of the railway area, Nekala, Sarankulma, and Lakalaiva, as ning and Infrastructure Services, 14 often by converting traf ic area reserva- well as along Nokiantie Road in western May 2013, Section 192: tions for the needs of construction. In ad- Tampere. New partial master plans have “Along with the reformed Universities Act, dition to the ground level, the recent local not been made for these areas, except for the integration between the universities detailed plans have also regarded decks Lakalaiva, where a local master plan was and the business world will increase, and and underground solutions as pro itable. drawn up for Lakalaiva and Lahdesjärvi. it is therefore justiϔied to locate such busi- For example, we can mention two pro- However, Lakalaiva was detached from ness activities at university campuses that jects that have signi icant impacts: the the plan area at the end of the planning synergically connect to the disciplines of deck of the railway yard and the Ratina work. the university concerned.” shopping centre, which are located in an In recent years, not many new Both clusters of expertise have a area that has been designated as a traf ic constructions have been built in these public background. They provide higher area by the partial master plan for the areas. The functions of the areas are education, carry out research, and are city centre (1995). These projects utilise getting mixed. Some plots still carry out able to link to the business sector. The space beneath or above the basic level. industrial activities, adhering to their premises of these service clusters are Out of the plan amendments that have original purpose. On other plots, local becoming more compact and versatile, been made for the industrial, service, detailed plan amendments have enabled as these clusters are dependent on the and centre areas, 10% have converted increasing the share of business premises formation of innovation environments. traf ic areas into business and of ice pre- in the original building stock. In this case, Centralising the internal activities in mises. Most of these changes have been the use of the buildings has become more these areas in order to create smooth implemented in the city centre. attractive. In some cases, opportunities interaction is important in the formation The city centre is developing by have been created for transforming of premises. means of local detailed plans speci ically industrial activities into product In these areas, the expertise made for projects, and the launching of development. Some local detailed plans and business activities are data and projects is slow. This may be due to the and deviation decisions have allowed knowhow intensive and reach, at their fact that the projects need to collect an space for pastime activities. Small service best, the international level.Over the exterior funding base. The implementa- enterprises using subcontracting, as course of time, a signi icant number of tion of the projects is sensitive to econo- well as associations, function in these jobs have been created in these higher mic luctuations. increasingly mixed areas. education institution areas. If successful, Excerpt from the report of local de- Many areas are owned by investors. these areas will be able to attract cutting tailed plan no. 7750 for Tulli (from In these areas, there is a lack of opera- edge experts. 2002): tor-oriented investments, which form Tohloppi has received a deviation de- the background of the construction acti- cision that allows the transfer of art and “Preparations have been made for the vities in the inner city areas. On the ba- communications education next to the construction of a hotel plot. It will pro- sis of the local detailed plans studied, it Finnish Broadcasting Company in Toh- bably be implemented soon after the local appears that so far, the investors settle loppi in the autumn of 2014. Mediapolis detailed plan has come into effect. If the for the rent yield that they receive from is a cluster of expertise and education local detailed plan is not in force in 2004, the old building stock. However, the that has a public background, in the same the project may have to be cancelled.” construction of the areas may depend way as the two other dynamic clusters of This project was revised at the on the will of and measures taken by the expertise described above. In addition, turn of the 2010s. After the completion City of Tampere, which has happened in the University of Tampere has a corres- of the plan and launch of the project, the city centre. The transformation sen- ponding principle in the city centre. the development prospects for the sitivity of these areas is indicated by the surroundings of the plan area had justi ication given in the application for a The city centre is a story of its own changed so much that the actors wanted deviation decision for Sarankulma: The most recent partial master plan that to adapt the project into the landscape Regarding the deviation decision app- was made for the city centre dates to that was enabled by the new local detailed lied in 2013 for constructing an of ice 1995. This plan was approved by the City plans, and, therefore, they applied for a building along Ilmailukatu Street: Council of Tampere, but it was not rati- deviation decision. ied by the Ministry of the Environment. In the city centre, many local detailed “The value of the area has increased due The master plan for city centre traf ic plans are connected to the development to the proximity of the ring road and the was made in 2006. It did not concern of the traf ic and transport system in the Tampere Exhibition and Sports Centre, land use. The city centre has chie ly de- area. The share of public investments and it is currently better suited for the veloped by means of local detailed plans. in the development of the city centre is construction of ofϔice premises than for A partial master plan is currently being large. industrial and warehouse buildings. In made for the city centre. addition, the plot has a prominent loca- The local detailed plans and the local The mixing and waiting areas tion along the good connections, which is detailed plan amendments densify the Construction appears to be ceased on very suitable for this kind of a building.”
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2.2.3 Services was launched in accordance with the kilometre and the population base of According to the local master plan for local master plan for the inner city 1998 a neighbourhood centre a minimum of the inner city 1998, the intention was to in Hervanta, Kaukajärvi, and Muotiala. one thousand residents. A kiosk, a play- organise the public and commercial ser- Partial master plans were drawn up for ground, a grocery shop, a daycare centre, vices by using a four-step service system Koilliskeskus and Lielahti. The Koillis- and a primary school were designated to (the C areas of the local master plan). keskus partial master plan examined each neighbourhood centre in the ser- Furthermore, the areas for public ser- the dimensioning of the district centre’s vice centre network. In addition, there vices and their extension reserve (PY) commercial activities, and the Lielahti should have been a telephone booth in were designated to each city district. Pri- partial master plan converted Lielahti each neighbourhood centre. vate services were allowed in some old into a district centre. The neighbourhood centres pre- industrial areas. The small reservations The increased population base was sented by the local master plan for the for public areas (that were located in the background for local detailed plan- inner city 1998 and the changes in their residential areas) were converted into a ning in Hervanta, Kaukajärvi, and Muo- population base in 2000‒2013 have reserve area for housing. tiala. Reservations were also made for been compared with the public and In the background of the hierarchical services. The local detailed plans concer- commercial services that existed in the service centre network that was ning the district centres of Koilliskeskus inner city in 2013. The aim was to check presented by the local master plan for and Lielahti allowed the construction whether public and commercial services the inner city 1998 was the idea of of increased commercial volume and have been steered to the neighbourhood providing basic services in the residents’ produced area reservations for public centres or to the over-lapping district neighbourhoods, as well as the idea services. The service areas have not sys- centres. As regards public services, the of making the district centres into tematically been developed by means of swimming halls, the health stations, the signi icant clusters that provide public planning, which was the idea of the mo- family and social services, the youth and private services, alongside with the del presented by the local master plan centres, the maternity and child clinics, city centre. Between these two levels, for the inner city 1998. the schools, the libraries, and the dental there were the local centres whose care clinics have been placed on the map. Public and commercial services in aim was to serve several neighbouring As regards commercial services, the su- city districts in a centralised way. For 2013, and the variation of the po- permarkets, the hypermarkets, the phar- all these levels, the services and the pulation base in the local centres macies, the banks, and the post of ices targeted population base were de ined As regards the implementation of the have been marked on the map. within the radius given in the plan. service model presented by the local In most cases, the neighbourhood master plan for the inner city 1998, the centres’ population base is higher than The service centres’ development most sensitive areas are the neighbour- one thousand residents, which was the from the perspective of planning hood centres. The radius of a neighbour- minimum population number given by In the 2000s, local detailed planning hood centre was de ined to be half a the plan.
Neighbourhood centres included in the local master plan for the inner city 1998 and their population density between 1999 and 2013, and the location of public services in relation to the centres.
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The centre system has not been were designated for services in certain The service clusters have been located in implemented as expected, as there is va- industrial areas. We also noted that the local master plan’s district centres. riation in the location of services in the many third sector activities (i.e. various As regards the accessibility of services, neighbourhood centres that are located pastime and lifestyle groups) have been it is important to have safe and smooth in different city districts. In western Tam- located in industrial areas throughout pedestrian, cycling, and public transport pere, public and commercial services are the city. This affects the residents’ needs, connections from the residential areas to systematically located in the neighbour- as they need to travel within the regional the service centres. hood centres, with a few exceptions. In radius when running errands and Tampere belongs to the Joint Autho- eastern and southern Tampere, there is a spending leisure time. rity of Tampere Central Region, which great deal of variation in the location of In Tampere, there is an ongoing administrates the work carried out by services. Hervanta, Kaukajärvi, Annala, development project that is based on the Tampere region. Regional coopera- Janka, and Koilliskeskus are clear service the service network development plan tion is carried out in different sectors, clusters. In the other neighbourhood 2009‒2030 (Palveluverkon kehittämis- including education and culture as well centres, there are only some services or suunnitelma, in Finnish), which was as social and health services. Adhering no services. There are both public and published in 2009. The service network to the regional-level guidelines, the City commercial services outside of the plan- development plan investigates the ser- of Tampere also aims at carrying out the ned service centres. Apparently, there vices provided by daycare and basic joint planning and provision of services are no versatile service centres in the education, upper secondary schools, lib- on its municipal borders. easternmost and southernmost suburbs raries, youth and sports services, social Private and third sector actors of Tampere. and health services, and services for se- will participate in service production nior citizens. Out of these services, local in the sports and cultural services, Recent changes in the service and district services are provided in a in the health services, in the housing sector customer-oriented way in ive different services, and in daycare. According to There have been many drastic changes service areas. Specialised services are the guidelines set by the service network in the service providers’ operating logic. centralised in the city centre. development plan, the need for services For example, bank services have been The plan proposes the formation will be monitored and the extent of the shifted to the Internet and the post has of service clusters where services that network will be adjusted according to centralised its parcel services next to support each other (as regards their the varying service needs. Consequently, kiosks and grocery shops. functions and premises) can be located the solutions for service premises will One result of the study of the plans in the same, modi iable premises. Ac- also change over the course of time. regarding the industrial and service areas cessibility has been a signi icant theme was the increased share of premises that in the placement of the service clusters.
Neighbourhood centres included in the local master plan for the inner city 1998 and their population development between 1999 and 2013, and the location of commercial services in relation to the centres.
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2.2.4 Summary and conclusions regarding the development of the industrial and working areas, the service areas, and the development of the centres
In the city centre of Tampere, projects areas have become more versatile as to It looks like some public service have been based on local detailed their activities and space solutions. areas would have a similar economic plans and they have been implemented The industrial areas where service signi icance as the centres, the working slowly. In the background, there have activities have been allowed have areas, and the industrial areas. The local been actors that need exterior funding. become increasingly dominated by master plan has not been able to forecast In the foreword to the report that was services. In addition, leisure activities the transformation of public educational included in the master plan for city and of ices have also been located in institutions providing higher education centre traf ic, it has been said that the these areas. There are no ef icient public into environments that also include city centre’s vitality is important for transport connections to most of the old business activities. They have created the entire region. The role of public will industrial areas, and travelling in them is signi icant markets in the areas where and investments is signi icant in making challenging for pedestrians and cyclists. they have settled. private construction decisions. It looks like the city centre’s model Projects are emphasised in the de- The industrial, working, and service for the logic of construction is spreading velopment of the industrial, service, and areas outside of the city centre have de- to some inner city working areas, as centre areas. On the other hand, the con- veloped in an operator-oriented way. a large share of the plots are owned version of old areas into areas that have This has led to a development that is by investors. This fact makes these new uses takes place within the existing scarce, on the one hand, and dynamic, on working areas very dependent on the building stock as well. In the background, the other hand. The actors have only car- City of Tampere’s will and the measures there are investors, entrepreneurs, and ried out the investments that are neces- taken by the City in order to speed up amateurs whose relation to master plan- sary for organising their activities. Ho- the construction of the areas. At its ning is weak. On the other hand, it must wever, in cases where the activities have best, smooth cooperation between the be noted that public investments (such been quickly reorganised, construction private and public sectors can create an as traf ic routes) that are administered has been started vigorously, under a lo- excellent operating environment that is on a general level, also affect the location cal detailed plan or under a deviation bene icial both for citizens and investors. of private investments. decision. Thanks to these processes, the
The “functional zones” formed in the industrial, working, service, and centre areas in Tampere due to the development in recent years.
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2.3 Traffic system kunvuori, onto Lukonmäenkatu Street has A report was made for the light rail pro- also remained unbuilt. ject that was presented by the master plan In this section, we will study the imple- The traf ic and transport system along for city centre traf ic. The rail project dealt mentation of the routes that were planned the central axis of Hervanta has been deve- with the utilisation of the rail network in in the local master plan for the inner city loped as a development target of the local public transport in the Tampere Central Re- 1998 and in more recent partial master master plan for the inner city 1998. gion (Rataverkon hyödyntäminen Tampe- plans. In western Tampere, connections pre- reen kaupunkiseudun joukkoliikenteessä, Most of the city’s traf ic areas and pe- sented by the local master plan for the in- Raideprojektin raportti 2004, in Finnish). destrian & cycling routes are located in the ner city 1998 have not been implemented Thereafter, the project has not been devel- area covered by the local master plan for between Pispalan valtatie Road and Lie- oped. A tramway master plan (which devi- the inner city 1998. This local master plan lahti, and not from Haukiluoma to Ylöjärvi, ated from the light rail project presented by presented the city’s traf ic system and some either. the master plan for city centre traf ic) was amendments to the traf ic areas. The more The master plan for city centre traf ic completed during the spring of 2014. In the recent partial master plans have comple- presented several projects that organise summer of 2014, the City Council decided mented the traf ic system in the planning traf ic and transport in the centre area in a upon the continuation of tramway plan- areas. There is a separate master plan for new way. Many of them have been covered ning. In the irst phase, the tramway would city centre traf ic. This section will study by local detailed plans and have been built run between Hervanta and the city centre the implementation of the traf ic area reser- or are being built in 2014. and there would also be a rail to the Tam- vations presented by the local master plans. The local detailed plan (which adheres pere University Hospital (TAYS). The plan is We will also study local detailed planning to the master plan for city centre traf ic) to continue the tramway later from the city regarding the pedestrian & cycling routes for the Rantaväylä tunnel was approved centre to Lentävänniemi. and the main outdoor routes. by the City Council of Tampere on 10 The partial master plans for Koillis- In the local master plan for the inner October 2011. A solution was selected keskus, Vuores, Lielahti, Niemenranta, and city 1998, the largest traf ic reservation where a 2.3-km-long rock tunnel would be Lahdesjärvi made changes to traf ic arran- in eastern Tampere was the Holvasti‒Ai- built between Santalahti and Naistenlahti. gements. The traf ic arrangements planned tovuori road reservation. This reservation The construction of the tunnel began in for the areas have been covered by local belongs to the Ojala partial master plan’s October 2013. detailed plans and they have been imple- area (which is in the proposal phase) and Ratapihankatu Street, which was mented. The largest part of the new street has not yet been implemented. For Hankkio, presented by the master plan for city network constitutes of a road network the plan presented a north‒south connec- centre traf ic, has been built all the way to meant for local vehicle traf ic. tion (running beneath the railway tracks) Tammelankatu Street. The local detailed The Kalevanrinne partial master plan from Sammonkatu Street to Kangasalantie plan (plan number 8330) concerning the produced an area reservation for a mul- Road. This connection has not been built. stretch between Tammelankatu Street and ti-level junction. The local detailed plan- The junction connecting Highway 12 and Naistenlahdenkatu Street is in a proposal ning work for the partial master plans for Holvasti has not been implemented, either. phase. Santalahti, Myllypuro, and Hervantajärvi is The connection from Lahdesjärvi, via Kar- still ongoing.
Unimplemented sections of the trunk road network that were specified in the local master plans.
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2.3.1 Main routes for wal- presented by the local master plan of the 2.3.2 Summary of the king and cycling, and the inner city 1998. The routes have been implemented traffic main outdoor routes presented on map 2 of the local master reservations plan. The local master plan for the inner city The unbuilt cycling routes are The local master plan for the inner city 1998 reduced the pedestrian and cycling the same as those traf ic connections 1998 mentioned that the regional traf- network and presented just the main presented by the local master plan ic system was, to a very large extent, connections between the city districts. for the inner city 1998 that have not completed at the end of the 1990s. Ho- In the city structure, the cycling and been implemented. Furthermore, some wever, only a few pedestrian and cycling recreational routes have been designated bicycle paths next to traf ic areas have routes have been built outside of the city to versatile areas (ranging from separate not been implemented. centre. bicycle paths to residential streets, or The walking route onto the shore of In partial master planning, some to cycling routes that run along local Lake Näsijärvi in Kauppi‒Niihama has street network has been produced in connector streets). Main outdoor routes not been implemented. There are also some workplace zones that used to be have been designated to gravel roads walking routes in Kaukajärvi, Annala, occupied by industry. The integration of and to properly surfaced paths that are and Vuores that have not been built. the old industrial and working areas with connected to green areas. Pedestrian and cycling connections the street network and the linking of the The master plan for city centre adhering to the master plan for city city districts to each other by means of a traf ic presented a large number of im- centre traf ic have been implemented lower-level street network and practical provements in the walking and cycling across Tammerkoski Rapids (between cycling connections are themes that have conditions, such as bridges crossing the Finlayson and Tampella areas) and at been ignored in inner city planning. Tammerkoski Rapids and the tranquil Rongankatu (the underpass beneath the Traf ic areas have been determinedly waters of Ratina, as well as the Ron- railway yard). In addition, cycling routes implemented in the areas covered by gankatu underpass. have also been built in the city centre, in partial master planning. Some of the accordance with the master plan for city connections presented by the local Bicycle paths and walking routes centre traf ic. master plan for the inner city 1998 have Next, we will study the implementation not been implemented. of the bicycle paths and walking routes
Unimplemented sections of the pedestrian routes (as specified in the local master plans) in local detailed plans.
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2.4 The green network and recreation, environmental protection, and building protection A review of the surface areas of green areas included in the local master plans
This section reviews the protection sta- Name of the local master plan A recreational, protected, A recreational, prote- A recreational area (in tus of the green and protected areas that graveyard, and holiday cted, graveyard, and hectares) covered by home area included in holiday home area (in a local detailed plan have been proposed in the local master the local master plan (in hectares) included in outside the area re- hectares). the local detailed plan servation made in the plan for the inner city 1998, and the local master plan building sites and built environments Partial master plan for Koilliskeskus 2004 11,1 17,2 7,1 that have been indicated in the same to Partial master plan for Vuores 2005 356,7 99,2 28,5 be protected. The areas are outlined and Master plan for city centre traffic 2006 79,3 71,5 14,5 named on map 2 of the local master plan. Partial master plan for Lielahti 2008 11,1 11,5 1,1 In addition to the local master plan for Partial master plan for Santalahti 2008 8,7 14,1 7,5 the inner city 1998, the survey also takes Partial master plan for Niemenranta 2009 23 17,2 8,9 account of the protected built environ- Partial master plan for Myllypuro 2009 55,5 13,5 6,6 ments proposed in the local master plan Partial master plan for Kauppi-Niihama 2011 1019,7 134,9 7,8 for the City of Tampere 1988, and the ad- ditions presented in later partial master Partial master plan for Kalevanrinne 2011 14 15,6 2,1 plans to the green and protected areas Partial master plan for Lahdesjärvi 2013 106,5 6,2 1,3 and to protected sites. Partial master plan for Iidesjärvi 2014 121 92,5 2,9 Partial master plan for Hervantajärvi 2014 172,3 0,6 0,6 2.4.1 The green network Partial master plan for Pyynikki 1991 81,6 81,3 2,7 In the local master plan for the inner city Total 2060,5 575,3 91,6 1998, the green network is presented as areas to be preserved as green areas or as area in the inner city. The igure also in- sive area reservations, the local master signi icant green areas. Pyynikki has been cludes nature reserves. plan has not been implemented in many marked as a protected and a green area Of the reservations made for green shore areas and, quite surprisingly, at in a partial master plan in 1991. With the and recreational areas in the local mas- Hämeenpuisto Esplanade. Kauppi‒Niihama and Iidesjärvi partial ter plans, around 44% or 1,995 hectares In total, the inner city area includes master plans, both of which were prepa- are covered by a local detailed plan. around 2,670 hectares of green areas red in recent years, new signi icant green The most extensive green area re- that are covered by a local detailed plan. areas have been established in the inner servations that are not covered by a lo- Around 675 hectares of local recreatio- city area. Also, the partial master plan for cal detailed plan are in Kauppi‒Niihama nal areas have been indicated for the Vuores in particular extends the green and Ojala and around Vuores, Hervanta, residential areas of the local master plan network outlined in the local master plan. Hallila, and Särkijärvi. The local master and for other areas with land use reser- At present, the effective local mas- plan remains to be implemented also vations, because local recreational areas ter plans of the Tampere inner city area at the green link between Tesoma and must be indicated for dwellings in local include a total of around 4,510 hectares Haukiluoma, at Lamminpää graveyard, detailed plans in areas where a reserva- of green and recreational areas, which and at the old soil extraction site in Mus- tion has been made for a residential area constitutes around 36% of the total land tavuori. In addition to these more exten- in the local master plan.
Green areas included in local master plans and green areas covered by local detailed plans.
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2.4.2 Environmental mana- sions or inversions that last several days, present, 4.1% of the population of Tam- gement and conservation or in spring during the street dust sea- pere lives in hot spot areas. son. In the Tampere inner city, noise is A comprehensive air quality survey was Of the population in Tampere, 5.4% generated by road traf ic, railway traf ic, completed for the inner city in 2013. lives in areas where the daily guideline railway yards, industrial facilities, and Based on the modelling results, in most level of nitrogen dioxide (70 μg/m3) air traf ic. The most recent noise survey of the Tampere Central Region, air quality is sometimes exceeded. 15.7% of the was conducted in 2012. According to the is good or satisfactory. However, near the population lives in an area where the survey, the number of residents exposed busiest streets, the amount of nitrogen daily concentration of nitrogen dioxide to noise is higher now than when the dioxide and breathable particles (NO2 is 85-99% of the guideline level. Cor- previous noise survey was conducted, in and PM10) might sometimes exceed respondingly, 6.5% of the residents in 2003. This difference is partly due to in- the national air quality guideline levels. Tampere lives in areas where the daily creased traf ic volumes and possibly also Although the daily amount of small concentration of PM10 particles in the to different methods of assessing expos- particles (PM2.5) generated by the street dust can exceed the guideline level ure levels. traf ic and industrial operations did not (70 μgPM10/m3) and 5.1% lives in areas An estimated 27% of Tampere resi- exceed the daily guideline level speci ied where the daily concentration of street dents is exposed to noise levels of over by the WHO, the daily guideline levels dust (PM10) is 85-99% of the guideline 55 dB (LAeq 7-22), which is caused by might sometimes be exceeded due to level. Based on these percentages that street and road traf ic. It was further esti- transboundary air pollution and small illustrate the relation between the popu- mated that 10% of the residents is expo- combustion. The annual limit values for lation and pollutant concentrations, nit- sed to noise levels of over 50dB (LAeq air quality (NO2, PM10, PM2.5) have not rogen dioxide is the most signi icant air 22-7) caused by night-time railway traf- been exceeded in the Tampere region. pollutant in Tampere. The impact area ic. The noise areas around industrial According to the 90-percentage of street dust is more strongly limited to facilities and railway yards have been point distribution of the local air quality areas near streets. calculated to be signi icantly narrower index that is based on hourly concentra- In the air quality survey conducted in and also the number of residents who tions, the air quality in the centre of Tam- Tampere in 2013, the shared air and noi- are exposed to noise to be clearly lower: pere is satisfactory or better, and good or se pollution impact areas, known as hot on estimate, around 300 residents are satisfactory in the residential areas 90% spots, were identi ied for the irst time. exposed to loud noise (LAeq 22-7 > 70 of the year. The worst hours are usually In these areas, the air and noise polluti- dB) from railway traf ic. in winter in connection to severe inver- on levels exceed the guideline levels. At
The local air quality index in Tampere in 2011 based on the 90-percentage point hourly concentrations.
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Changes in traf ic arrangements will sewage network, increased ef iciency ju and Epilänharju‒Villiläharju eskers affect future noise levels. The construc- of wastewater treatment, and reduced are class 1 groundwater areas. Pispala, tion of the Rantaväylä tunnel will reduce volume of industrial waste water. Since Pyynikki, and Kalevanharju have not noise exposure in the northern parts of these changes and measures have been been classi ied important groundwater the centre of Tampere. Also, a tramway implemented, water quality has not been areas in terms of water supply, but are is being planned in Tampere that would poor in any of the lakes in the inner city nevertheless groundwater areas. partly affect traf ic arrangements, and area, with the most signi icant improve- At present, environmentally risky therefore also the noise levels. New ments being in Lake Näsijärvi and Lake operations such as traf ic areas, laun- street connections will be opened in the Pyhäjärvi. dries, service stations, concrete industry southern parts of the city in particular, On the other hand, in some areas operating premises and warehouses, including Särkijärvi, Lahdesjärvi, and of Tampere, water quality deteriorated and some small-scale chemical facilities Rusko. The impact of these new connec- in the early 21st century. As recently as are located in groundwater areas that tion streets on noise levels will be mostly 2005, the water quality was excellent in are important to the city’s water supply. local. Lake Särkijärvi and Lake Lahdesjärvi. At Of the total surface area of groundwater Based on the model that was created present, the water quality in both these areas, over 50% is currently surfaced, in 2012 as part of the survey to assess lakes is still good but some eutrophica- which poses a risk to groundwater for- future noise levels, the volume of road tion and other deteriorations in quality mation. Subsequently, all groundwater traf ic was estimated to increase by have been observed. Also in Lake Suoli- areas in Tampere have been classi ied around 20% by 2030 relative to the järvi and Lake Hervantajärvi, the quality as risk groundwater areas. On the other 2011 level. Using the national noise has dropped one class from good to sa- hand, 50% of the surface area of the es- indicators, it was estimated that in the tisfactory. The quality has deteriorated kers is currently green areas. The goal of model situation, the number of residents more markedly in Lake Suolijärvi than in the groundwater protection programme exposed to road traf ic noise will Lake Hervantajärvi. The quality classi i- is to prevent the location of all new risk increase relative to the present situation cation of all the other lakes in Tampere operations in groundwater areas, and by around 10%, and the number of is the same now as it was ten years ago. to ensure, in due course, the relocation residents exposed to rail traf ic noise (Source: The Water Protection Associa- of the environmentally risky operations will increase by around 20%. tion of the River Kokemäenjoki (KVVY), that are currently located in these areas. The general state of the lakes in Tam- 2014). The green areas that are located in the pere has improved signi icantly over The most signi icant groundwater groundwater absorption zone must be the past decade. The main contributing areas in the Tampere inner city area are preserved and left unsurfaced. factors include improvements in the located on eskers. The Aakkulanhar-
Hot spot areas in Tampere in 2011.
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2.4.3 The implementation in the local detailed plans of the protection of ancient monuments, nature conservation sites, and buildings designated for protection in the local master plan
The local master plan for the inner city tected from the 1980s to the 2000s, whe- nes of the local master plan. Site-speci- 1998 and partial master plans include reas Härmälä was protected in 2005. In ic protection seems to be most often a total of 190 protected sites. Of these, autumn 2014, protection plans for Pis- implemented in connection to other 22% has been protected in local detai- pala and Petsamo were pending. planning needs, when the building stock led plans. In the old local detailed plans, Most of the local protection sites in the area is also inventoried. The sites protected sites – most often ancient indicated on the outer periphery of protected in a local detailed plan include monuments or natural environments the inner city in the local master plan buildings that were also among the pro- – have been included in the parks, wit- for the City of Tampere 1988 are resi- tected sites indicated in the local master hout separate protection marking. Most dential buildings from the post-war plan for the City of Tampere 1988. of the built environment sites that have reconstruction era. Plot divisions have Two protection categories that are been designated for protection are in been completed in many places within used in the local master plan for the City an area covered by an original or seve- the area. The old building stock has been of Tampere 1988 are cityscape protec- ral decades-old local detailed plan. The protected in supplementary plans, and tion and area protection. The protection protection value of the sites was deter- in ill development has been harmonised status of the areas covered by the local mined after the local detailed plan was with the building style of the post- detailed plan is as stated in the headline. completed, but the sites have not been war reconstruction era. Consideration protected because the planning of the must be given as to whether any of the Conclusions on the protection area has not yet properly begun. protection value speci ied in the local situation The protected sites included in the master plan remains in the areas. The protection has been most ef icient local master plan for the City of Tampere and systematic in connection to local de- 1988 were built areas that were desig- Protection categories of local tailed planning when the starting point nated for protection. Local protection detailed plans for the plan has been to implement pro- has been implemented in accordance In local detailed plans, the protection tection of an area complex, and to ensure with the local master plan in the sphere of the built environment is divided into that preservation of the site is the goal of surrounding the city centre. The Lapin- three categories: the local detailed plan. niemi and Kauppi hospital areas were Sites in the building- and structu- The sites designated for protection protected in the local detailed plan, in re-speci ic protection category do not in the local detailed plan have been pro- 1988 and 2007 respectively. In Viinikka, directly comply with the protection gui- tected in an unsystematic manner in the Nekala, and Muotiala, protection plans delines of the local master plan, but the local detailed plan when the site list has were prepared in the late 1980s and in site-speci ic protection is more extensive not been linked with a separate protec- the 1990s. The Hatanpää area was pro- than speci ied in the protection guideli- tion programme.
2.5 The inner city area in 2013 as space reservations in the current local detailed plan The land area of the Tampere inner city centre and the inner city area constitute A total of 2,670 hectares of recrea- area is 127 km2, of which 100.5 km2 is 1,973 hectares of the land area in the city tional areas are covered by local detailed covered by local detailed plans. centre and the inner city area, or nearly plans, which amounts to over 26 per cent This planned area contains various 20 per cent of the inner city area covered of the inner city area that is covered by functions, with around 2,740 hectares by local detailed plans. local detailed plans. (over one quarter of the planned land Function specified in the local Surface area Surface area % area) being reserved for housing. The detailed plan (in hectares) planned area also includes around 2 Residential areas (A) 2 722 28 hectares of mixed centre areas and 1,070 Areas of centre functions (C) 2 0 hectares of areas reserved for industrial and logistics use. The latter amounts to Industrial areas (T) 1 039 11 one-tenth of the total planned area. The Public service areas (Y) 495 5,3 local detailed plan includes 29 hectares Business premises areas (K) 329 3,6 of plots reserved for services and 520 Maintenance buildings and parking spaces (L, LH) 93 1 hectares of plots reserved for public Green areas (V) 2589 27 buildings. Around 280 hectares are Hiking, holiday, and collective gardening areas 43 0,5 reserved for business buildings. Roads, traf ic areas, streets, pedestri- Protected areas (S) 171 2 an zones, squares and marketplaces, and Special function areas (E) 239 2,6 related green buffer zones and block Traffic areas 1860 19 areas reserved for traf ic in the city In total 9 582 100
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The protection status of the ancient monument, environmental protection, and building protection sites included in the local master plan for the inner city 1998 in the local detailed plans.
The protection status of sites included in the local master plan for the City of Tampere 1998 in the local detailed plans.
Inner city master plan 2040 | Evaluation of the local master plan for the inner city 1998 | 48 | PHOTO: JUKKA AALTONEN
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3 District-specific study on the development in recent years
This section will study the inner city special features and role with respect to on a division that roughly adheres to the districts in their current form, as a result the other city districts and the region. major districts used by the local master of the development taken place after the We will focus on the most important plan for the inner city 1998. The same approval of the local master plan for the themes of this report: housing, traf ic & geographical boundaries have also been inner city 1998. transport, and recreational conditions, used in the other reports made for the When describing the city districts, as well as the features and development local master plan for the inner city 2040. we will present each city district’s of the working areas. This study is based
The map shows (in blue) the division as used in the local master plan for the inner city 1998. Red indicates the division used in this survey.
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3.1 Central district and transport, and for business activities were 66,411 residents in the district at The central district is the centre of Tam- by implementing plan amendments. the end of 2013. pere and the entire region. In addition to In addition to the in ill development The city centre’s development has Tampere’s largest concentration of hou- sites designated by the partial master been based on the changing uses and sing, the region’s most versatile palette plan for the city centre, the aim was to the densi ication of the areas. Previous of services and enterprises is also lo- locate signi icant in ill development sites factory facilities have been converted cated in the central district. It must also in Hatanpää and Jokipohja (the current into of ices and supplemented by housing be noted that the city centre’s historical Muotiala). construction. Some area reservations for building stock is a signi icant identity industry and traf ic have been converted factor for the entire region. Description of the central into residential plots. Consequently, the district’s current state city centre has extended in all directions. Objectives set by the local mas- In accordance with the local master The latest development phase has also ter plan for the inner city 1998 plan’s objectives, the central district produced construction on illed shores. The aim was to develop the city centre has developed as an area dominated by The local detailed plans have allowed as a visual and functional centre for blocks of lats. The district’s population the utilisation of decks in the in ill the entire central region. The intention has increased by 15,000 residents after development of the city centre and in was to centralise the construction of the approval of the local master plan for extending the city centre. tall blocks of lats in this area. The aim the inner city 1998. As regards housing, After the approval of the local mas- was to improve the conditions for the the plan reserve covered by local detailed ter plan for the inner city 1998, the city cityscape, for the accessibility of traf ic plans has been used ef iciently. There centre has extended in many ways. Hou-
Central district.
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sing blocks have been built in the Fin- all development is jointly carried out In recent years, two partial master layson and Tampella areas. Ratina is the by the public and private sectors. The plans have become valid in the central latest extension of the city centre area. quality and development of the area is district: Kauppi‒Niihama and Lake There are in ill development areas in On- signi icant to the entire Tampere region, Iidesjärvi, which signi icantly add kiniemi and Järvensivu, and also some in as the city centre is the centre of business to the city centre’s palette of green Tammela. activities in the region. and recreational areas. Furthermore, There is new housing in Hatanpää For the part of housing in the central Pyynikki is located on the northwestern and a new city district in Muotiala. A to- district, almost the entire plan reserve side of the city centre. It is the third tal of 630,000 gross loor m2 of new or has been used. There will be housing signi icant green area in the city centre renovated dwellings have been produced plots in the area covered by the Kale- area. As regards recreation, Lake in the city centre area. On the map, the vanrinne partial master plan. The Tam- Näsijärvi and Lake Pyhäjärvi provide a renovated and extended sites have been pella area can also be extended after the lot of potential for the city centre area. In marked with a red colour within the city tunnel running beneath the city centre recent years, the accessibility of the large structure. is completed. Particularly in the city green and lakeside areas on foot has In the city centre, new working and centre area, the construction companies received too little attention. These areas commercial premises have been built have taken an active role, looking for could provide an advantage (as regards on the southern side of the epicentre in construction sites. According to the plan recreation and tourism) for Tampere, if Sori and in the northern part of Hatan- situation, it is possible to launch projects their use is made easy. pää. The construction of new commer- that produce business and commercial The city centre’s green areas function cial premises is also taking place in Tulli. premises in Tulli and Sori. as the city’s facade and living room. There has been in ill development in the The epicentre’s traf ic system has Their pleasantness and attractiveness Tampere University Hospital’s (TAYS) been organised and developed in recent are important in receiving residents and area, which is the largest working and years. Extending the city-centre-like tourists to the city centre. service cluster in Tampere. zone will require vigorous measures in The investments made on traf ic order to develop traf ic and transport and transport in the city centre area connections as currently, the city centre Special have contributed to the development is bordered by regional traf ic routes • Position as a regional centre of the property market in the area. The whose barrier effect for walking and projects to be carried out in the area cycling is signi icant. The ef icient • Linking to the other regional centres and city districts require a public presence in order to be linking of the epicentre to the centres implemented. In the background, the City of expertise and to the residential areas • Location between the two large of Tampere is a producer of local detailed is an important question regarding the lakes planning and municipal engineering. city’s development. The tramway is one • Tammerkoski Rapids Consequently, the situation in the city topical solution in linking the areas to • Topography centre is developing in a direction where each other ef iciently.
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3.2 Eastern district residential area is Ojala, which is domi- Description of the eastern The local master plan for the inner city nated by detached housing. Linnainmaa district’s current state 1998 called this area a northeastern and Holvasti have also made prepara- The dominant land use form in eastern major district. However, the geographical tions for in ill development. Tampere is housing, as two thirds of boundaries have remained the same. There are signi icant reservations all the gross loor area are used for it. The eastern district is a residential city for working areas in Olkahinen and Ata- Housing is concentrated on an isthmus district that also includes extensive la. In addition, an area for services and between Tampere’s city centre and Kan- industrial areas. administration has been designated for gasala, and on the north‒south zone on high-quality service functions in Veh- the eastern side of Jyväskyläntie Road. Objectives set by the local mas- mainen (in the territory of Kaukajärvi In the eastern district, there are city ter plan for the inner city 1998 Manor). districts built in different decades and The eastern district is a signi icant Kauppi‒Niihama is being developed old farms. construction area for housing and as a large recreational area serving the Densi ication and in ill development workplaces. The most signi icant new entire city. adhering to the local master plan for the
Eastern district.
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inner city 1998 have been carried out in and Jyväskyläntie Road, and the aim has thin and between the city districts. The the eastern district. Along with the Koil- been to develop it as a district centre. large routes and the industrial area pre- liskeskus partial master plan, some new Currently, the public services provided vent all transverse connections within housing construction was allowed in the in the eastern district have not been fully the eastern district and from the eastern planning area. The residential area of implemented in relation to the potential district to the other city districts. Risso has been built in an area that was enabled by the local detailed plan. In the future, the challenge will be to an industrial area reservation in the lo- From the perspective of the market, improve the conditions for travelling in cal master plan. The residential area was the location of eastern Tampere is the eastern district, particularly walking implemented via a local detailed plan favourable, close to the good traf ic and cycling. process. connections. There is a fairly easy vehicle The Kauppi‒Niihama recreational There is no mixed structure in the connection from the eastern district area is located in the eastern district’s eastern district. There is no actual centre to the largest working areas, which northern part. In addition, there are in the eastern district, except for Koillis- are located in Hervanta and in the city recreational activities in Kaukajärvi in keskus, which has two large retail units centre. As regards traf ic, the location the eastern district’s southeastern part. and some small-scaled public services. of Etu-Hankkio is also favourable. Etu- Both recreational areas are located close There are no identi iable structural cent- Hankkio is located on the southern side to housing: the distance from all homes res in the residential areas, which mostly of the Tarastenjärvi waste management to these recreational areas is a maximum comprise detached housing. On the re- site. The development of Tarastenjärvi of two kilometres. The problem is ac- gional level, the eastern district is lin- may also affect the future development cessibility, as regional traf ic routes run ked to the city by means of the regional of the eastern district. between housing and the recreational (east‒west) routes. Out of the district centres that are areas, and an industrial area is located The eastern district is characterised located in the inner city, the location of between housing and the recreational by a looser land use than elsewhere in Koilliskeskus is attractive as to housing area. They have no transverse connec- Tampere. There are extensive unplan- construction, even though there is no tions. ned areas on both sides of Jyväskyläntie mixed structure in the area. The attracti- There are city district parks within Road. The urban settlement’s structure veness of the area for housing construc- the residential areas. The parks have is broken by national and regional traf ic tion is probably affected by its good loca- been designed in such a way that an al- routes, the railway tracks, the ields, and tion close to the large recreational areas most unbroken pedestrian and cycling by the industrial areas. and the good traf ic connections. connection could be implemented from There were 34,528 residents in the In eastern Tampere, there is still the area to Kaleva Church. eastern parts of Tampere at the end of some local master plan reserve (de in- 2013. During the past eighteen years, ed by the local master plan for the inner the eastern district’s population has city 1998) left. In Ojala, a pending partial Special increased by 5,750 residents. master plan will produce a reserve for • Traffic routes There are two job clusters in the detached housing. • The loosely built industrial areas are eastern district: Etu-Hankkio and Koil- On a regional scale, the eastern a development opportunity liskeskus. Etu-Hankkio is an industrial district’s traf ic connections are good. area, even though there are also business You can travel towards the city centre • Development of pedestrian and premises. Koilliskeskus is a commercial along three national-level routes. Howe- cycling conditions cluster at the junction of Lahdentie Road ver, it is challenging to walk and cycle wi-
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3.3 Southern district the development of the area’s traf ic north, there are old wooden housing The inner city’s southern district is a loo- network on the current routes, even areas, such as Härmälä, Koivistonky- se zone for many operational clusters, though the extension of the Sääksjärvi‒ lä, and Viiala. The satellite districts of which characterise the district, in addi- Hervanta road connection to Kangasala Multisilta, Peltolammi, Hervanta, Kau- tion to housing. The varied topography, was planned. kajärvi, and Annala (which were built in the large green areas, and the large-scale There are a large number of regio- the 1960s and 1970s) are located in the traf ic arrangements also characterise nal-level traf ic networks in Lakalaiva, southern zone. Lukonmäki and Hallila, the southern district. Lahdesjärvi, and in the residential areas which were built between the 1970s and The southern district as referred to surrounding them. In addition, a natio- the 1990s, are located between these in this survey is a district that has been nal railway runs in the area. The aim of zones. combined from the southeastern and the local master plan for the inner city The in ill development reservations southern major districts of the local 1998 was to develop the area into the of the local master plan for the inner master plan for the inner city 1998. southern entrance route to Tampere, city that are located in southern Tam- including signi icant job clusters. The pere have been implemented, except for Objectives set by the local mas- intention was to develop the Särkijärvi the eastern parts of Annala, where some ter plan for the inner city 1998 area into an important recreational area. old master plan reserve remains. Two The aim was to develop Hervanta into Vuores was being planned. partial master plans for housing, Vuores a signi icant and versatile district and Hervantajärvi, have been drawn up centre. As regards the residential areas, Description of the southern for the southern district. Vuores is being amongst the signi icant reservations district’s current state built. were the eastern parts of Kaukajärvi, Out of all the gross loor area in sout- Out of the district centres in Tampe- as well as the areas west and south of hern Tampere, 65% is in residential use. re, Hervanta has become a mixed, inde- Hervanta. The most signi icant working The history of housing construction in pendent centre that provides versatile area was Rusko. The idea was to base the southern district is versatile. In the services. In ill development for housing
Southern district.
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has been carried out in the area, and routes. On the southern side of the ring the planning area borders the forest the city blocks are mixed, as well. The route, the city districts are radially linked zone between Tampere and Valkeakoski. attractiveness of Hervanta for students to the city centre, but the transverse con- In other words, there are also forests can also be noted in the fact that in the nections within the southern district are suitable for recreation on the city Tampere University for Technology’s weak or do not exist. The development of district’s southern side. (TTY) area, residential blocks of lats for the traf ic connections is challenged by The plan’s reserve for housing is students have been built and some of the demanding topography in the south- good in southern Tampere. As regards the local master plan’s service reserva- eastern part of the southern district, as the reserve of the local master plan for tions have been converted into housing well as by the barrier effect caused by the inner city 1998, there is still some re- construction areas. In recent years, in ill the national and regional traf ic con- serve left in the eastern part of Kaukajär- development and densi ication have also nections. The development of the traf ic vi. Vuores is being built, but there is still been carried out in Kaukajärvi and An- arrangements is complicated by the fact reserve left for the densi ication of the nala (perhaps in the wake of Hervanta). that the southern district has been built area for several years. In the future, the There were 64,650 residents in the fairly densely. Hervantajärvi area will form a reserve southern parts of Tampere at the end Lakalaiva and Lahdesjärvi (located for the local detailed plan. Furthermore, of 2013. During the past ifteen years, at a highway junction) will be developed possibilities for densifying areas in Mul- the population in the southern district as an area for trade that has an extensi- tisilta and Peltolammi are investigated has increased by 12,350 residents. More ve space requirement and as an area for by the EHYT project (the Harmonisation than one third of the southern Tampere’s industrial business activities. Thanks to of the Urban Structure of Tampere pro- population live in Hervanta. its location, it has a great potential for ject). There are several signi icant job clus- becoming the second functional centre On the basis of the past develop- ters in southern Tampere. Currently, the in southern Tampere. The place is also ments, there may be pressure in Her- Tampere University of Technology and located close to the railway. The excel- vanta to carry out in ill development for Hermia are the most prominent clusters. lent connections to the airport, and in all housing. This will concern an increased In recent years, the area’s development directions by rubber wheels, create great production of blocks of lats. has been strong and independent. There opportunities for the development of the are thousands of jobs and study places business and industrial activities in the and a large amount of research activities area. Special in the area. Along the green corridors that re- • Successful district centre In recent years, Sarankulma and main between the city districts, it would • Versatile opportunities for develo- Rusko (which are old industrial areas in be possible to arrange quick transver- ping business and industrial activi- the southern district) have developed in se connections from one city district to ties different directions. Sarankulma is beco- another, particularly for pedestrians and ming more versatile, whereas Rusko is cyclists. • Opportunities brought about by the good logistical location developing as an industrial environment. In the southern district, the varied The western parts of southern Tam- topography and the small and large • Challenging topography pere are located in a logistically favour- lakes have caused structural gaps that • City districts that are poorly linked to able place, at a junction of two national are in recreational use. In the southeast, each other
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3.4 Western district the western district’s northern parts by eighteen years, the western district’s For the purpose of this study, we have means of a green network. No signi icant population has increased by slightly less combined the southwestern and north- in ill development sites have been desig- than 6,700 residents. western major districts (presented by nated to the northern part. Western Tampere has two district the local master plan for the inner city centres that should function as mixed 1998) into the western district. Description of the western centres providing high-standard ser- The western district strongly focuses district’s current state vices. So far, the district centres have not on housing. The area’s economic struc- In the western district, more than two attracted the housing market. Apparent- ture has undergone a drastic change thirds of the built gross loor area are in ly, Tesoma has fallen behind the develop- over the past ten years. residential use. Most of the residential ment of the other district centres. Wes- areas are well connected to each other, tern Tampere does not have elements Objectives set by the local mas- compact, and have a small scale. New that would bring demand to the housing ter plan for the inner city 1998 dwellings have been built adhering to market in the same way as Hervanta and The aim was to densify the western the local master plan. The esker and the the city centre. In the western district, district’s southern parts by in ill deve- large traf ic areas divide the city district there are no large educational instituti- lopment and to clarify them by means and separate the residential areas from ons, which would guarantee the market of a green network. New signi icant hou- each other. In particular, the barrier ef- for investments. sing construction areas were designated fects caused by the main railway line The economic structure of the wes- to Rahola, Villilä, and Kalkku. The loca- and the highways form gaps in the urban tern district has signi icantly changed tion of Highway 3 in the district’s wes- settlement’s structure. over the past ten years. The Lielahti bu- tern part is important to the district’s Currently, there are 45,260 residents siness area, which was formed ten years development. The idea was to organise in western Tampere. During the past ago, is the western district’s commercial
Western district.
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centre and the most vigorously develo- have been made for Santalahti and Nie- on the northern side of Lielahti, which ped area. Industrial activities are con- menranta. In both plans, an old industrial does not have any larger recreational centrated to Myllypuro. area or an industrial reserve area was areas than a city district park. In the spring of 2014, the City of converted for housing functions. These Western Tampere could bene it more Tampere bought almost 90 hectares of areas will function as the irst reserve in from the recreational opportunities offe- land and water areas on the eastern side the in ill development activities that will red by Lake Pyhäjärvi and Lake Näsijär- of the Lielahti district centre. Visions be carried out in this city district. vi, if the connections to these large lakes have been drawn up for creating a new The Myllypuro partial master plan would be seamless. In the south, Nokian- city district and attracting more than (regarding an industrial area) was tie Road and the railway tracks cause a 20,000 new residents to the area. The completed in 2009. There is also active large barrier effect between the urban development of Lielahti will probably local detailed planning in the area. There settlement and Lake Pyhäjärvi. In the also encourage the development of the is an industrial plot reserve in this area. north, it is easy to arrange connections business and industrial activities in the Vehicle traf ic leans on Paasikiventie to the lake in the framework of the exis- other parts of western Tampere. Road (which runs along the main railway ting structure. It is only in the Pispalan- In the autumn of 2014, Mediapolis line) within the city district, as well as on harju Esker area where the traf ic areas (an educational institution in the ield the regional level. The connections from currently create a barrier between the of media) started operating in Tohloppi. the western district to the city centre houses and the shore. This brings a large number of students and to the other city districts are depen- The development of public transport to the city district, which may also affect dent on some parallel main routes. by means of the tramway and commuter the development of the market for resi- The pedestrian and cycling connec- trains would bring signi icant oppor- dential lats in the district centres. tions within the western district and to tunities for the western district’s deve- There is an ongoing development other areas are challenging. The areas lopment. In places, the topography sets project in Tesoma aiming to improve the on the northern and southern sides of great challenges for the development of wellbeing and attractiveness of the area. the main railway line are connected to the traf ic system. (Please see the Oma Tesoma project.) each other via one main collector street. Currently, the development of the wes- Within the residential areas, the situa- tern parts of Tampere is dependent on tion is better, as Tesoma, for example, Special public investments and the City of Tam- has good pedestrian connections. • New city district centre in Lielahti pere’s will. We should consider whether In western Tampere, there are rec- • Current state and development of any activities stimulating the market reational areas in the surroundings of Tesoma could be placed in Tesoma in the same Lake Tohloppijärvi and Lake Tesoma- way as the educational institutions sti- järvi. In Myllypuro, there is a brook run- • Topography mulate Hervanta. ning between the industrial area and the • The shores of Lake Näsijärvi and The new partial master plans have houses. The brook and its banks form a Lake Pyhäjärvi a plan reserve for the western district. nature reserve. From the perspective of • The Myllypuro industrial area Housing-focused partial master plans recreation, the situation is challenging
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4 Conclusions on the development in recent years
Master planning has generated soluti- The overall development of the construc- At present, the city has a large pro- ons in Tampere for the expansion of and tion of housing blocks and the business portion of green areas per resident. The in ill development in the city from spatial and industrial sector has been uneven. protection of natural and cultural herita- starting points. The local master plan for From the point of view of planning, ge sites designated for protection in the the inner city 1998, which was approved dynamically developed business & in- local master plans has been most succes- by the City Council of Tampere in 1998 dustrial and service environments in- sfully implemented when the protection and rati ied by the Ministry of the Envi- clude the high-expertise areas of the has been made the main goal of the plan- ronment in 2000 and 2003, is the most Tampere University of Technology and ning work. recent extensive master plan to address Hermia in Hervanta and the Tampere Nearly all the inner city area is co- the city structure. Since the local master University Hospital area, and the cent- vered by the local master plan, provi- plan was approved, the City Council has rally located commercial environments ding a preliminary solution for the city rati ied a total of 14 partial master plans, in the centre of Tampere, Lielahti, Koil- structure. In the coming years, the focus which have extended and in illed the ci- liskeskus, and Lahdesjärvi. Compared to of master planning will be shifted from ty’s housing and working areas, service these, the development of the industrial identifying the direction of expansion to network, and green network. A mas- areas in Tampere has been minor. One monitoring the functional development ter plan for city centre traf ic has been notable administrative feature is that of the city and offering solutions for the prepared in order to develop the traf ic projects can be implemented quickly in direction and implementation of the fo- network in the city centre area. the industrial and service areas of the cus areas presented in the city strategy, The master plans include space inner city when required, thanks to the for example. For the green areas, the fo- reservations for housing, job functions, relatively broad local detailed plan and cus will be on improving the quality and and services that are evenly distributed possible deviation decisions. By cont- accessibility of these areas on the level of throughout the city. Due to the partial rast, implementation is slower in the city master planning. master plans, the inner city green centre, since a local detailed plan must network has now taken on its inal form. be prepared for each project. In the in- Observations on the implemen- During the period of validity of the local dustrial areas near the city centre there tation of the local master plan: master plan for the inner city 1998, are indications that the model used in › In recent years, construction has been Tampere has grown more dynamically the city centre (based on strong public uneven in the various city districts of than was estimated in the population presence, common intent, and external Tampere. The centres in eastern Tampere projection of the plan. In response to inancing) is spreading to the inner city. have developed strongly. In western the pressure generated by this growth, The focus areas of new housing Tampere, on the other hand, construction has taken place on a smaller scale. partial master plans have been prepared construction seem to be located near and local detailed planning that the existing strong centres or near good › The improving traffic connections or institutions of higher education can have facilitates housing has been directed to transport connections, especially in a positive impact on the housing market. areas that were speci ied in the master eastern Tampere. In the construction of › Publicly implemented forms of land plans as industrial and service areas. In housing blocks, there is a clear positive use: green areas and routes will be the city centre area, traf ic areas included correlation with the degree of success constructed systematically. in the local master plan have been of the business environments. Of the › Public investments have been used to supplemented through projects, as part centre areas covered by a local master influence the housing market and the of which local detailed plans facilitating plan, the epicentre and the centres in operating conditions of the business housing and of ice construction have eastern Tampere have been developed sector. This can be seen particularly well been prepared. with housing construction. On the other in the centres near the eastern bypass and larger educational institutions. The in ill housing development areas hand, centres in western Tampere have included in the local master plan for the not been developed at all. Development › The techniques for general-level planning must be developed so as to support local inner city 1998 have been implemented has been slow in areas covered by a par- detailed planning and facilitate more in the eastern and western city districts tial master plan that facilitates housing even development of the city area. to the extent permissible by land ow- construction. By the end of 2013, resi- › Monitoring the implementation of the nership. Also public services and in- dential areas implemented in contraven- local master plan will, in future, form an vestments relating to the improvement tion of the master plans had almost nine important part of the planning work, with of the traf ic network are distributed times more residents than areas based the aim being to specify the planning needs of various areas and directing evenly around the city, and for the most on partial master plans that were prepa- investments within the city structure. part have been implemented as planned. red in the 2000s.
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Overall demographic change in the inner city area from 2000 through 2013. The population development of old housing block areas is mainly negative.
The population density in the City of Tampere in 2013. Hervanta and the city centre are especially dense residential areas.
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4.1 The need for and role the University Hospital is linked to the and the speci ic type of this presence of steering in the plan extension of the city-centre-like densely needed should be investigated and plan- built zone, and may be partly due also ned in these areas. The method of future construction can to the housing demand generated by an be predicted to some extent based on expertise cluster similar to Hervanta. Business and industrial sector the analyses presented in this survey The turning of Teiskontie Road into The attractiveness of the old industrial and attention directed to areas where a boulevard between the University Hos- Iareas south of the city centre is enhan- the development needs linked to hou- pital and Koilliskeskus could provide ced by their good location. Construction sing construction and certain business a solution to the housing shortage and seems to have slowed in these areas in re- sectors are emphasised. to the extension of the urban structure cent years, and their functions are also di- from Kaleva to the inner city area that versifying. Much of the land in these areas Housing is sustainable both environmentally and is privately owned and most of the origi- In the inner city area, the focus of new logistically (for the organisation of pub- nal industrial operations have ceased. construction has been on the construction lic transport). As with the epicentre, it is possible of housing blocks. In steering in ill that these areas will need the strong pre- construction, it is advisable to prepare In addition to the thriving centres, sence of the City of Tampere and a strong for facilitating built environments with 2 intense housing construction has, common intent to steer development so the ef iciency typical of city centre areas, in recent years, taken place on the shores as to encourage investment in the areas. especially near good traf ic connections of the large lakes. In the city centre and This might entail revision of the plans and next to existing centres. The smooth in eastern Tampere, the construction of in order to reorganise the areas or in- integration of housing with services and nearly all in ill development areas has vestments in the traf ic network and in green areas should be taken into account been completed. In the east, the Kaup- operators that the City wants to keep in more carefully than has previously been pi-Niihama recreational area prevents the areas. the case. the use of the shore zone for housing construction. In part, old local detailed plans are Areas with a possible need for housing In western Tampere, the develop- in effect in the industrial areas co- construction II ment of the Lielahti area can generate vered by local master planning. In these The Tampere University Hospital pressure to extend housing construction areas, the City of Tampere’s intention 1 area has developed rapidly in recent to the shore zones. Turning the Nokia should be clari ied. Development trends years, and is now one of the main wor- Highway into a boulevard might be a sus- that are facilitated by the old local detai- king areas in Tampere. The area is on tainable solution to the housing shortage led plans but are not signi icant for to- the eastern side of the city centre, next in western Tampere. day’s business and industrial operations, to the densely built housing blocks in Ka- or that might even deter businesses that Residential areas where the planning leva and alongside the Kauppi‒Niihama the City wishes to attract to the region, need is linked to stopped development recreational area. The city districts next should be eliminated. For example, the to the University Hospital (Kissanmaa, Tesoma, Multisilta, and Peltolammi old local detailed plans allow for housing Ruotula, Takahuhti, and Pappila) have 3are old housing block areas in the in- to a certain extent. become more compact than other old ner city area where no densi ication has city districts in Tampere, due to the in- taken place since the local master plan Myllypuro must be made suitable ill development plans of old residential for the inner city 1998 took effect. The IIIfor entrepreneurial operations, areas and to housing blocks built in plots population development in these areas despite the area presenting some designated in the local master plan for is now negative. In addition, these areas obstacles to planning work. service and industrial use. and the other old housing block areas in The pressure for in ill housing the inner city area are now due for reno- construction in the surroundings of vation. The need for a public presence
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Services city area was completed in the 1990s tramline. In planning the traf ic system, In accordance with the City of Tampere’s as part of the preparation of the local the functional mixing of the community service network development plan, pub- master plan for the inner city 1998. The structure should be considered as one lic services will be centralised. The local survey should be updated, and past and way of reducing the need for moving master plan should ensure ef icient con- desirable future development of the from place to place. nections between residential areas and city should be compared to the current services. In planning new construction, transport conditions. For example, im- Green areas and protection the formation of functionally mixed en- proving the conditions for walking and A large number of green areas have been vironments should be promoted. cycling would require a separate and included in local master plans in recent Old industrial areas that have be- strong programme. years. Connections between residential come service-dominated should be bet- A tramway is being planned in Tam- and green areas should be improved, ter linked with the rest of the city. pere that would rearrange transport particularly for walking, cycling, and in the inner city area. It will also have exercising. Transport a major impact on the location of new The previous comprehensive survey on construction, as the planning increases the transport conditions in the inner the compactness of the areas along the
III 3 2 1 II I II 3
Planning and steering needs relating to housing construction (1-3) and business and industrial zones (I-III) arising from the analyses.
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4.2 Purpose of the local that the markets are relatively local: themes can vary. The preservation and master plan development impulses affect the city safeguarding of values is a permanent district in question, and at most their and long-term theme. This allows for When the planning work starts from the neighbouring city districts, but do not strict area speci ication and ensures that local master plan, the actual construc- necessarily change the markets on the the contextual or formal aspects cannot tion of the city district is estimated to opposing side of the city. be opened for negotiation even after a take at least ten years. Preparation of A local master plan is needed to re le- long time. In terms of the service struc- the local master plan should be based on ct the general development principles of ture, the plan is lexible and lives with principles that promote highly systema- the city structure. The goals of the gene- the times. With regard to this theme, the tic development of the urban environ- ral level plan are that the plan expresses plan is also sensitive to market luctua- ment, such as the overall cost-ef iciency the strategic common intent that directs tions and any changes of course. and energy-ef iciency of the community development by presenting (on a map) The theme of directing the develop- structure. The general standard of living the location of the main public projects ment re lects the values and planning is just one of the themes that could steer and in ill development and their relation models that predominated when the this kind of planning. to the rest of the city. The plan might also plan was being prepared. All the levels of Until now, the development of function as a description of the organi- steering in the plan require monitoring business areas has been very operator- sation of public services that re lects the and scheduling. Even the safeguarding oriented. The analysis also revealed City’s intent and operating model. The of values is linked to programmes if the an increasingly close relation between of icial task of the plan is to promote the aim is to achieve the goal speci ied in the the planning work and public projects planning goals of the Land Use and Buil- plan. This requires a public common in- and the markets, due to which various ding Act regarding the sustainability of tent and possible investments. attractions in particular (such as the community and the preservation of educational institutions, traf ic projects, the values of the area. and event arenas) encourage privately- The plan can contain themes of a inanced development in the areas. varying strategic and juridical level. The development in Hervanta proves The spatial aspect and timescale of the
Purposes and themes of the plan Directs development • leading projects • new residential areas and structural changes • infrastructure Structures services • ocation of public services so as to minimise the need for moving from place to place, and in places where they support the selected district centres • development of the transport system so that it supports services Secures values • protection • recreation • equality of the modes of transport
Inner city master plan 2040 | Evaluation of the local master plan for the inner city 1998 SOURCES
Printed sources • EHYT. Yhdyskuntarakenteen eheyttäminen Tampereella, Tampereen kaupunki, Kaupunkiympäris- tön kehittäminen, Maankäytön suunnittelu 2011 • Hyvinvointipalvelut. Palveluverkon kehittämissuunnitelma. Tampereen kaupungin tietotuotan- non ja laadunarvioinnin julkaisusarja C 1/2009.
Internet • Korkein hallinto-oikeus, KHO:2014:54, http://www.kho.fi/fi/index/paatoksia/vuosikirjapaatok- set/vuosikirjapaatos/1396332184156.html, 20.5.2014 • Oma Tesoma. http://www.tampere.fi/tampereinfo/projektit/kaupunkiymparisto/omatesoma. html, 22.7.2014 • Tampereen kaupunkiseudun palveluverkkoselvitys 2008. Tampereen seutu. http://www.tampe- reenseutu.fi/seutuhankkeet/raportit_ja_muut_julkaisut/, 24.7.2014 • Tampereen kaupungin tilastollinen vuosikirja 2010-2011, Tampereen kaupunki, Tietotuotanto ja laadunarviointi, ISSN 0355-2810, Juvenes Print—Tampereen yliopistopaino Oy, Tampere 2013, http://www.tampere.fi/material/attachments/t/6EZg82aYW/Tampereen_tilastollinen_vuosi- kirja_2010-2011_verkko.pdf, 25.8.2014
Local master plans • http://www.tampere.fi/kaavatjakiinteistot/kaavoitus/yleiskaavoitus/voimassaolevatyleiskaa- vat.html
• Tampereen kaupunki. Kantakaupungin yleiskaava 2040, Työohjelma 24.11.2013. [City of Tampere. Local master plan for the inner city 2040, work programme 24 November 2013.] • Tampereen kaupunki. Tampere kantakaupungin yleiskaava 27.6.1998. Selostus. [City of Tampere. Local master plan for the inner city 27 June 1998. Report.] • Tampereen keskustan liikenneosayleiskaava 2006, selostus [Master plan for Tampere’s city centre traffic 2006, report] • Lahdesjärven osayleiskaava, 2013, selostus [Lahdesjärvi partial master plan, 2013, report] • Kauppi-Niihaman osayleiskaava, 2011, selostus [Kauppi Niihama partial master plan, 2011, report] • Koilliskeskuksen osayleiskaava, 2004, selostus [Koilliskeskus partial master plan, 2004, report] • Vuoreksen osayleiskaava, 2005, selostus [Vuores partial master plan, 2005, report] • Santalahden osayleiskaava , 2008, selostus [Santalahti partial master plan, 2008, report] • Pyynikin osayleiskaava, 1991, selostus [Pyynikki partial master plan, 1991, report]
Local detailed plans • Tampereen kaupunki. Asemakaavat ja asemakaavamuutokset 1999-2013. Kaupunkiympäristön kehittäminen, intranet – paikkatieto. [City of Tampere. Local detailed plans and local detailed plan amendments 1999 2013. City Planning and Infrastructure, intranet – GIS data.]
Deviation decisions • Tampereen kaupunki. Poikkeusluvat 1.1.1999 - 14.3.2014. [City of Tampere. Deviation decisions 1 January 1999 – 14 March 2014.]
APPENDIX 1 Statistical data on the areas that are covered by the local master plan for the inner city 1998 and need to be ratified
APPENDIX 2 Development of the industrial and working areas, and the development of the service areas from 1999 2013
APPENDIX 3 Local detailed plan amendments and deviation decisions in the industrial, service, and centre areas since 1999
APPENDIX 4 Method description
A general level method description to identify housing 2. The planning units that have been verified (VAHVPVM) units implemented based on a local detailed plan in between 2000 and 2013 and their function “Like A%” are contradiction to the local master plan: selected from the kaavayksiköt alueina (planning units as areas) database. Then, the areas that intersect with 1. Class A planning units (more than half of which have been the areas of Query1 (Select kaavayksiköt alueina WHERE implemented in some other than A or C areas of the local (KAYTTOTARK Like ”A%” AND VAHVPVM Like ”20%”) AND master plan) are sought from the local detailed plans. The kaavayksiköt alueina.OBJ intersects Query1.OBJ). gross floor m2 data of the selected planning units are recal- culated based on the volume of surface area lying outside 3. Add new columns to the Query 2 table: ”ProportionSumAC”, the A or C areas of the local master plan. (E.g. The building ”suhdeAC”, ” ProportionSumLk” and ”suhdeLK”. right is 1,000 gross floor m2 based on the planning unit, and 4. The ProportionSumAC column is updated according to the 75% of the planning unit is outside the A and C areas >> the volume of surface areas of the planning units that overlap new gross floor m2 value = 750 gross floor m2). with the A% or C% areas of the local master plan. Next, the 2. Next, the normative planning units indicated for housing osuus (proportion) column is updated to describe the area that lie outside the A or C areas of the local master plan are that does not overlap with the A% or C% areas of the local selected to be shown on the map as points. master plan (in %), based on the surface area of the planning unit and on the overlapping surface area (i.e. ’(AREA-Pro- 3. Finally, the two resulting map levels are combined, and a portionArea)/Area*100’). new map level is created in which all planning units of each plan are combined to form one focal point that contains the 5. The same calculation is completed to L and k areas using gross floor m2 data of each planning unit. the columns reserved for them. This information will be used to identify planning units that have been implemented mainly in the A+L areas of the local master plan. A general level method description to identify 6. Planning units more than half of which are located in areas construction based on the previous process. other than the A% or C% areas of the local master plan (i.e. 1. Residential buildings constructed during the inspection other than the areas indicated for housing in the local mas- period (e.g. 2000-2013) that are within the local detailed ter plan) (ratio > 50%) are selected (This aims to take into ac- planning unit areas chosen in the previous step are sele- count the precision difference between / scale of the local cted to be shown on the map as points. The gross floor m2 master plan and the local detailed plan >> a minor vs. major are combined, and new focal points and total gross floor m2 deviation). data are generated based on the buildings included in dif- 7. In addition, planning units of which 10-50% is located in the ferent plans. A or C areas AND of which 50-90% is SIMULTANEOUSLY lo- cated in the L or k areas. (Takes account of planning units that have been almost fully constructed in the A+L areas. Population that has moved to the area due to imple- This kind of deviation is considered minor in this survey.) mented construction: 8. A new gross floor m2 value is calculated for the selected 1. Areas are selected that contain the buildings of the pre- planning units based on the ratio calculated in Query 4. The vious phase as points. result is presented as a gross floor m2 value that descri- 2. The population within these buildings is selected. bes the volume of building rights that contradicts the local master plan. (formula: building rights*ratio/100)
A more detailed method description to identify hou- 9. Finally, planning units of the plan type 3 (normative plan- sing units implemented based on a local detailed plan ning unit, verified 2000-2013, function like “A%”) that are in contradiction to the local master plan. (Also takes located outside the A and C areas of the local master plan account of normative planning units!) are selected from the kaavayksiköt pisteinä (planning units as points) database. Please note! This ensures that also 1. Areas that have been indicated in the local master plan for normative planning units are taken into account in the cal- any other use than housing or centre functions (Not Like culations. A% OR C%) are selected from the Yleiskaavan käyttötarkoi- 10. The results are combined into one map level showing tusalueet (forms of land use used in the local master plan) planning units that have been implemented contrary to the database. L and k areas are still included at this stage. local master plan, and showing also an estimate of the vo- lume of gross floor areas of construction in these areas.