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CURRICULUM VITAE Joseph S. Takahashi Howard Hughes Medical
CURRICULUM VITAE Joseph S. Takahashi Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of Neuroscience University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., NA4.118 Dallas, Texas 75390-9111 (214) 648-1876, FAX (214) 648-1801 Email: [email protected] DATE OF BIRTH: December 16, 1951 NATIONALITY: U.S. Citizen by birth EDUCATION: 1981-1983 Pharmacology Research Associate Training Program, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Sciences and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 1979-1981 Ph.D., Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, Dr. Michael Menaker, Advisor. Summer 1977 Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California 1975-1979 Department of Zoology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 1970-1974 B.A. in Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: 2013-present Principal Investigator, Satellite, International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, World Premier International Research Center Initiative, University of Tsukuba, Japan 2009-present Professor and Chair, Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center 2009-present Loyd B. Sands Distinguished Chair in Neuroscience, UT Southwestern 2009-present Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern 2009-present Professor Emeritus of Neurobiology and Physiology, and Walter and Mary Elizabeth Glass Professor Emeritus in the Life Sciences, Northwestern University -
Neurobiology, Endocrinology and Behavior E
Neurobiology, Endocrinology and Behavior E. Adkins-Regan, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA C. S. Carter, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA ã 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduction In subsequent centuries, many scientists examined and described the structure of the brain and nervous system Two types of mechanisms, neural and hormonal, have in an array of animal species. A common theme was to note been prominent in the history of research directed at what seemed to be marked differences in the organization uncovering the proximate physiological causes of animal of the brain, especially the forebrain, and in the relative behavior. During the first part of this history, the nervous sizes of structures and brain divisions, and to speculate and endocrine systems were envisioned as separate sys- about their relationship to behavior and intelligence. tems and were studied by somewhat different research With the publication of Charles Darwin’s theory of communities. As a result, research on physiological evolution by natural selection, these species differences mechanisms of animal behavior has tended to develop in brain structure and size began to be interpreted in an along two somewhat separate and parallel tracks. These evolutionary framework. Until the middle of the 1900s, dual origins are reflected in the organization of this sur- the dominant view had been that the brains (especially vey. Beginning in the twentieth century, several discov- forebrains) of different vertebrate classes (as represented eries led to the realization that the nervous and endocrine by a small number of species from each of the largest systems are physiologically integrated to a highly signifi- classes) were fundamentally different in organization, cant extent, which is of great importance for animal that they formed an evolutionary series progressing behavior. -
Cognitive Ecology of Pollination: Animal Behavior and Floral Evolution Edited by Lars Chittka and James D
Cambridge University Press 0521781957 - Cognitive Ecology of Pollination: Animal Behavior and Floral Evolution Edited by Lars Chittka and James D. Thomson Frontmatter More information Cognitive Ecology of Pollination Animal Behavior and Floral Evolution Important breakthroughs have recently been made in our understanding of the cognitive and sensory abilities of pollina- tors: how pollinators perceive, memorize, and react to floral signals and rewards; how they work flowers, move among inflorescences, and transport pollen. These new findings have obvious implications for the evolution of floral display and diversity, but most existing publications are scattered across a wide range of journals in very different research traditions. This book brings together for the first time outstanding scholars from many different fields of pollination biology, integrating the work of neuroethologists and evolutionary ecologists to present a multidisciplinary approach. Aimed at graduates and researchers of behavioral and pollination ecology, plant evolu- tionary biology, and neuroethology, it will also be a useful source of information for anyone interested in a modern view of cognitive and sensory ecology, pollination, and floral evolution. lars chittka is Associate Professor at the University of Würzburg, Germany. His research interests focus on the ecology and evolution of insect sensory and cognitive capacities. james d. thomson is Professor and Chair of the Department of Zoology at the University of Toronto, Canada, where he spe- cializes in linking pollinator foraging strategies with floral evo- lution. He is currently Editor of the Quarterly Review of Biology and President of the American Society of Naturalists. © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521781957 - Cognitive Ecology of Pollination: Animal Behavior and Floral Evolution Edited by Lars Chittka and James D. -
Autumn 2017 Newsletter
IUSSI North-west European section International Union for the Study of Social Insects Autumn Newsletter 2017 Officers President Prof. Paul Eggleton Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum London, UK [email protected] Secretary Dr. Heikki Helanterä Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki Finland [email protected] Contact him about: Newsletter, meetings, general information Treasurer Dr. Elizabeth Duncan School of Biology Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds UK [email protected] Contact her about: Membership, student grants Webmaster Dr. David Nash Centre for Social Evolution University of Copenhagen [email protected] http://www.zi.ku.dk/personal/drnash/ Contact him about: Website queries or suggestions Announcements Winter meeting (see also poster at the end of newsletter!) Registration is now open for the 2017 Winter meeting of the NW European section of the IUSSI! http://iussiyork17.weebly.com We look forward to welcoming you to beautiful York for this meeting which will be held at the University of York on the 18th and 19th of December. Plenary Speakers: We are very excited to announce that Professor Rebecca Kilner (University of Cambridge) and Professor Lars Chittka (Queen Mary University of London) are going to be our plenary speakers at this meeting. Scientific program and workshops: The program will also have contributed talks and there has been some interest in having some workshops associated with this meeting - if you are interested in running a workshop or have an idea for a workshop see the conference website for details. Deadline for Abstracts/Registration: The deadline for abstract submission is the 19th of November and the deadline for registration is the 1st of December. -
The Behavioral Ecology of Variation in Social Insects
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect The behavioral ecology of variation in social insects 1,3 2 JM Jandt and DM Gordon Understanding the ecological relevance of variation within and mating frequency [5–10]), morphological traits related to between colonies has been an important and recurring theme social behavior and physiology [11 ,12,13,14 ,15,16, in social insect research. Recent research addresses the 17,18], and behavioral traits (i.e., regulation of activity, genomic and physiological factors and fitness effects cognitive abilities, or aggression and nestmate recognition associated with behavioral variation, within and among [19 ,20,21]). The development and maintenance of indi- colonies, in regulation of activity, cognitive abilities, and vidual and colony variation is influenced by resource aggression. Behavioral variation among colonies has availability, abiotic conditions along a geographic cline, consequences for survival and reproductive success that are social interactions within and between colonies, and the basis for evolutionary change. population-level genetic factors such as dependent lineages (reviewed in [22]). In most cases, we do not Addresses 1 know the source of variation among individuals or colo- Iowa State University, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and nies. Mutation, small differences in microclimate and Organismal Biology, 251 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA 2 Stanford University, Department of Biology, Gilbert Biological Sciences resource availability, the developmental noise that leads Building, rm 410, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA organisms with the same genotypes to differ, all probably contribute to the variation that we observe. Corresponding author: Jandt, JM ([email protected]) 3 Present address: Otago University, Department of Zoology, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand. -
Behavioural Ecology—Molecular and Neural Mechanisms Underpinning
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Editorial overview: Behavioural ecology — molecular and neural mechanisms underpinning adaptive behaviour in insects Lars Chittka Current Opinion in Insect Science 2016, 15:vii–ix For a complete overview see the Issue Available online 10th May 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2016.05.002 2214-5745/ # 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Lars Chittka Around the turn of the century, there was a perception in some circles that Department of Psychology, School of behavioural ecology was dead [1]. However, the fashions in behavioural Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen ecology that were then seen in decline were in fact dead before they were Mary University of London, Mile End Road, born (as indeed any science that thrives on fashion rather than discovery). London E1 4NS, UK e-mail: [email protected] Fields such as ‘fluctuating asymmetry’ and ‘UV vision’ have sunk into oblivion for all the right reasons: they harboured a good number of workers who would never let a rigorous experiment get in the way of a cute story. It is Sections Editors also good to see that most entomologists never fell for these fads — UV sensitivity, for example, had been discovered in the Hymenoptera a good century before it became a fashion in behavioural ecology [2], and by the Lars Chittka time it did, its systematic distribution and its behavioural and evolutionary significance had already been thoroughly explored in insects [3], without any hyperbole at any stage. One reason why insect scientists are so successful in the analysis of behavioural adaptation is that they never fully disentangled the analysis of mechanisms from ethology. -
Neuromechanics of Coordination During Swallowing in Aplysia Californica
1470 • The Journal of Neuroscience, February 1, 2006 • 26(5):1470–1485 Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive Neuromechanics of Coordination during Swallowing in Aplysia californica Hui Ye,1 Douglas W. Morton,2 and Hillel J. Chiel1,2,3 Departments of 1Biomedical Engineering, 2Neuroscience, and 3Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7080 Bernstein (1967) hypothesized that preparation of the periphery was crucial for correct responses to motor output. To test this hypothesis in a behaving animal, we examined the roles of two identified motor neurons, B7 and B8, which contribute to feeding behavior in the marine mollusk Aplysia californica. Neuron B7 innervates a hinge muscle and has no overt behavioral effect during smaller-amplitude (type A) swallows, because the hinge muscle is too short to exert force. Neuron B8 activates a muscle (I4) that acts solely to grasp material during type A swallows. During larger-amplitude (type B) swallows, the behavioral actions of both motor neurons change, because the larger-amplitude anterior movement of the grasper sets up the periphery to respond differently to motor outputs. The larger anterior movement stretches the hinge muscle, so that activating neuron B7 mediates the initial retraction phase of swallowing. The changed position of the I4 muscle allows neuron B8 not only to induce grasping but also to pull material into the buccal cavity, contributing to retraction. Thus, larger-amplitude swallows are associated with the expression of two new degrees of freedom (use of the hinge to retract and use of the grasper to retract) that are essential for mediating type B swallows. These results provide a direct demonstration of Bernstein’s hypothesis that properly positioning the periphery can be crucial for its ability to correctly respond to motor output and also demonstrate that biomechanical context can alter the functions of identified motor neurons. -
The Scope of Neuroethology
THE BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (1984) 7, 367-412 Printed in the United States of America The scope of neuroethology Graham Hoyle Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oreg. 97403 Abstract: Neuroethology, an interdisciplinary subdivision of neuroscience, has emerged in recent years. Since 1976 there has been a regular session under this heading at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience. In 1980 two introductory texts in English were published on the subject (Ewert 1980; Guthrie 1980), and a third (Camhi 1984) was published recently. There is widespread interest in neural mechanisms underlying behavior, but they encompass such a vast array of often unrelated topics that proponents do not share common goals. This article describes the emergence of ethology as a discipline, pointing out that its practitioners were successful because they confined their research to stereotyped, complex, nonlearned, innate behavioral acts. A limited number of profoundly significant principles emerged. Each of these is redefined. The major concepts of earlier ethology were embodied in a simple hydraulic model used by Konrad Lorenz in 1949 (Lorenz 1950). It is pointed out that this model implies the existence of common neurophysiological mechanisms and neuronal circuitry. This model has now been made obsolete by neurophysiological progress, but with appropriate ~nodificationsan updated version may still be useful in focusing attention on possible principles. The initial aim of neuroethology should be to examine the neurophysiological events in a variety of behaviors, exhibited by diverse animals from different phyla, which meet the criteria of innate behavioral acts. The behaviors should be sufficiently complex to interest ethologists, yet they should be addressable with neurophysiological methods down to the cellular level. -
Neuroethology in Neuroscience Why Study an Exotic Animal
Neuroethology in Neuroscience or Why study an exotic animal Nobel prize in Physiology and Medicine 1973 Karl von Frisch Konrad Lorenz Nikolaas Tinbergen for their discoveries concerning "organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns". Behaviour patterns become explicable when interpreted as the result of natural selection, analogous with anatomical and physiological characteristics. This year's prize winners hold a unique position in this field. They are the most eminent founders of a new science, called "the comparative study of behaviour" or "ethology" (from ethos = habit, manner). Their first discoveries were made on insects, fishes and birds, but the basal principles have proved to be applicable also on mammals, including man. Nobel prize in Physiology and Medicine 1973 Karl von Frisch Konrad Lorenz Nikolaas Tinbergen Ammophila the sand wasp Black headed gull Niko Tinbergen’s four questions? 1. How the behavior of the animal affects its survival and reproduction (function)? 2. By how the behavior is similar or different from behaviors in other species (phylogeny)? 3. How the behavior is shaped by the animal’s own experiences (ontogeny)? 4. How the behavior is manifested at the physiological level (mechanism)? Neuroethology as a sub-field in brain research • A large variety of research models and a tendency to focus on esoteric animals and systems (specialized behaviors). • Studying animals while ignoring the relevancy to humans. • Studying the brain in the context of the animal’s natural behavior. • Top-down approach. Archer fish Prof. Ronen Segev Ben-Gurion University Neuroethology as a sub-field in brain research • A large variety of research models and a tendency to focus on esoteric animals and systems (specialized behaviors). -
On Neuromechanical Approaches for the Study of Biological and Robotic Grasp and Manipulation Francisco J
Valero-Cuevas and Santello Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation (2017) 14:101 DOI 10.1186/s12984-017-0305-3 REVIEW Open Access On neuromechanical approaches for the study of biological and robotic grasp and manipulation Francisco J. Valero-Cuevas1,2* and Marco Santello3 Abstract Biological and robotic grasp and manipulation are undeniably similar at the level of mechanical task performance. However, their underlying fundamental biological vs. engineering mechanisms are, by definition, dramatically different and can even be antithetical. Even our approach to each is diametrically opposite: inductive science for the study of biological systems vs. engineering synthesis for the design and construction of robotic systems. The past 20 years have seen several conceptual advances in both fields and the quest to unify them. Chief among them is the reluctant recognition that their underlying fundamental mechanisms may actually share limited common ground, while exhibiting many fundamental differences. This recognition is particularly liberating because it allows us to resolve and move beyond multiple paradoxes and contradictions that arose from the initial reasonable assumption of a large common ground. Here, we begin by introducing the perspective of neuromechanics, which emphasizes that real-world behavior emerges from the intimate interactions among the physical structure of the system, the mechanical requirements of a task, the feasible neural control actions to produce it, and the ability of the neuromuscular system to adapt through interactions with the environment. This allows us to articulate a succinct overview of a few salient conceptual paradoxes and contradictions regarding under-determined vs. over-determined mechanics, under- vs. over-actuated control, prescribed vs. -
November 2019 March 2011
International Society for Neuroethology Newsletter/November 2019 March 2011 International Society for Neuroethology PHONE: +1-785-843-1235 P.O. Box 1897 (or 1-800-627-0629 Ext. 233) Lawrence, KS 66044, USA FAX: +1-785-843-1274 Website: http://neuroethology.org/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/neuroethology/ E-mail: [email protected] ISN Officers THIS ISSUE FEATURES President: Eric Warrant, Department of Biology, Lund • President’s Column by Eric Warrant University, Biology Building, Sölvegatan 35 • Heiligenberg Travel Award Winners 223 62 Lund, Sweden • Physics and Biology by Ana Amador and Gabriel PHONE: +46 46 222 93 41 Mindlin E-mail: [email protected] • Invited Symposia for the 2020 ICN by Uwe Homberg and Cindy Moss Rui Oliveira Treasurer: Mark Bee, Department of Ecology, • Looking Ahead to Lisbon by Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA The Prez Says PHONE: +1-612-624-6749 Eric Warrant E-mail: [email protected] President of the ISN Secretary: Gabriella Wolff, Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195-1800 USA E-mail: [email protected] Past-President: Catharine Rankin, Department of Psychology, Kenny Room 3525 – 2136 West Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z4 PHONE: +1-604-822-5449 FAX: +1-604-822-7299 E-mail: [email protected] Hello everyone, and greetings from Australia! President-Elect: Karen Mesce, Department of Just now I am nearing the end of a three-week field Entomology and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, trip studying the remarkable migratory abilities of a University of Minnesota, 219 Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell small and apparently unremarkable brown moth – Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA the nocturnal Bogong moth Agrotis infusa. -
Cognitive Ecology of Pollination: Animal Behavior and Floral Evolution Edited by Lars Chittka and James D
Cambridge University Press 0521018404 - Cognitive Ecology of Pollination: Animal Behavior and Floral Evolution Edited by Lars Chittka and James D. Thomson Frontmatter More information Cognitive Ecology of Pollination Animal Behavior and Floral Evolution Important breakthroughs have recently been made in our understanding of the cognitive and sensory abilities of pollina- tors: how pollinators perceive, memorize, and react to floral signals and rewards; how they work flowers, move among inflorescences, and transport pollen. These new findings have obvious implications for the evolution of floral display and diversity, but most existing publications are scattered across a wide range of journals in very different research traditions. This book brings together for the first time outstanding scholars from many different fields of pollination biology, integrating the work of neuroethologists and evolutionary ecologists to present a multidisciplinary approach. Aimed at graduates and researchers of behavioral and pollination ecology, plant evolu- tionary biology, and neuroethology, it will also be a useful source of information for anyone interested in a modern view of cognitive and sensory ecology, pollination, and floral evolution. lars chittka is Associate Professor at the University of Würzburg, Germany. His research interests focus on the ecology and evolution of insect sensory and cognitive capacities. james d. thomson is Professor and Chair of the Department of Zoology at the University of Toronto, Canada, where he spe- cializes in linking pollinator foraging strategies with floral evo- lution. He is currently Editor of the Quarterly Review of Biology and President of the American Society of Naturalists. © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521018404 - Cognitive Ecology of Pollination: Animal Behavior and Floral Evolution Edited by Lars Chittka and James D.