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water flea US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS Building Strong® Common Name water flea Genus & Species Daphnia galeata galeata Family Daphniidae Order Diplostraca Class Branchiopoda Diagnosis: This water flea has a short and prominent antennae mound. Its helmet is narrow, pointed at the top, and somewhat undulating along the margins. The rostrum is blunt and obtuse. The ventral side of the head is convex above the optic vesicle and concave behind it. Ecology: Like other cladocerans, D. g. galeata is capable of reproducing asexually through parthenogenesis. This species can also produce resting eggs that are able to survive periods of desiccation in sediment. Daphnia galeata galeata poses a risk to native North American Daphnia spp. by its ability to hybridize. In regards to feeding, this species of water flea is a generalist filter feeder that targets the water column. Males and females tend to range from 1.2 mm to 2 mm in size, with males typically being smaller. Habitat & Distribution: D. g. galeata is a planktonic species that prefers large lakes; however, some populations are found in ponds, sluggish rivers, and hyporheic zones. Populations of this species tend to occur and thrive in eutrophic environments. D. g. galeata is native to the Palearctic region, in northern Africa, Europe, and Asia north of the Himalayas. In the U.S., D. g. galeata was introduced into the Great Lakes basin in ballast water. This species was first detected in Lake Erie in the late 1970s, early 1980s. Status: So far, established populations of D. g. galeata have only been recorded from Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. USGS Fact Sheets: http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=2732 US ARMYCORPS OF ENGINEERS 111 N. CANAL STREET, CHICAGO, IL 60606 WWW.LRC.USACE.ARMY.MIL .

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Water Flea Daphnia Sp. ILLINOIS RANGE
water flea Daphnia sp. Kingdom: Animalia FEATURES Phylum: Arthropoda Water fleas are compressed side to side. The body Class: Branchiopoda of these microscopic organisms is enclosed in a Order: Cladocera transparent shell that usually has a spine at the end. Four, five or six pairs of swimming legs are present. Family: Daphniidae One pair of antennae is modified for swimming and ILLINOIS STATUS helps to propel the organism through the water. The end of the female’s intestine is curled, while the end common, native of the male’s intestine is straight. Water fleas have a single, compound eye. BEHAVIORS Water fleas can be found throughout Illinois in almost any body of water. They prefer open water. These small arthropods migrate up in the water at night and down in the day, although a few live on the bottom. Water flea populations generally consist only of females in the spring and summer. Reproduction at these times is by parthenogenesis (males not required for eggs to develop). In the fall, males are produced, and they mate with the females. Fertilized eggs are deposited to “rest” on the bottom until hatching in the spring or even many years later. Water fleas eat bacteria and algae. They have a life span of several weeks. ILLINOIS RANGE © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2021. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. © Paul Herbert female with eggs Aquatic Habitats bottomland forests; lakes, ponds and reservoirs; Lake Michigan; marshes; peatlands; rivers and streams; swamps; temporary water supplies; wet prairies and fens Woodland Habitats bottomland forests; southern Illinois lowlands Prairie and Edge Habitats none © Illinois Department of Natural Resources.
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Taxonomic Atlas of the Water Fleas, “Cladocera” (Class Crustacea) Recorded at the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve and State Nature Preserve, Ohio
Taxonomic Atlas of the Water Fleas, “Cladocera” (Class Crustacea) Recorded at the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve and State Nature Preserve, Ohio by Jakob A. Boehler, Tamara S. Keller and Kenneth A. Krieger National Center for Water Quality Research Heidelberg University Tiffin, Ohio, USA 44883 January 2012 Taxonomic Atlas of the Water Fleas, “Cladocera” (Class Crustacea) Recorded at the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve and State Nature Preserve, Ohio by Jakob A. Boehler, Tamara S. Keller* and Kenneth A. Krieger Acknowledgements The authors are grateful for the assistance of Dr. David Klarer, Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve, for providing funding for this project, directing us to updated taxonomic resources and critically reviewing drafts of this atlas. We also thank Dr. Brenda Hann, Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Manitoba, for her thorough review of the final draft. This work was funded under contract to Heidelberg University by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources. This publication was supported in part by Grant Number H50/CCH524266 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve in Ohio is part of the National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS), established by Section 315 of the Coastal Zone Management Act, as amended. Additional information about the system can be obtained from the Estuarine Reserves Division, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S.
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Daphnia As an Emerging Model for Toxicological Genomics Joseph R
165 Daphnia as an emerging model for toxicological genomics Joseph R. Shaw1,Ã, Michael E. Pfrender2, Brian D. Eads3, Rebecca Klaper4, Amanda Callaghan5, Richard M. Sibly5, Isabelle Colson6, Bastiaan Jansen7, Donald Gilbert3 and John K. Colbourne8 1The School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA 2Department of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill Road, Logan, UT 84322, USA 3Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA 4Great Lakes WATER Institute, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 East Greenﬁeld Ave, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, USA 5School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 68, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK 6Zoologisches Institut, Universita¨t Basel, Biozentrum/Pharmazentrum, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland 7Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Ch. De Beriostraat 32, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium 8The Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA Abstract. Daphnia are already an established model species in toxicology. This freshwater crustacean is used commonly for environmental monitoring of pollutants around the globe and plays an important role in establishing regulatory criteria by government agencies (e.g., US EPA, Environment Canada organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Environment Agency of Japan). Consequently, daphniids represent 8% of all experimental data for aquatic animals within the toxicological databases (Denslow et al., 2007). As such, their incorporation
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An Overview of the Contribution of Studies with Cladocerans
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 2015, 27(2), 145-159 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X3414 An overview of the contribution of studies with cladocerans to environmental stress research Um panorama da contribuição de estudos com cladóceros para as pesquisas sobre o estresse ambiental Albert Luiz Suhett1, Jayme Magalhães Santangelo2, Reinaldo Luiz Bozelli3, Christian Eugen Wilhem Steinberg4 and Vinicius Fortes Farjalla3 1Unidade Universitária de Biologia, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste – UEZO, CEP 23070-200, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] 2Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Florestas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ, CEP 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] 3Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, CEP 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 4Institute of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences I, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 12437, Berlin, Germany e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Cladocerans are microcrustaceans component of the zooplankton in a wide array of aquatic ecosystems. These organisms, in particular the genusDaphnia , have been widely used model organisms in studies ranging from biomedical sciences to ecology. Here, we present an overview of the contribution of studies with cladocerans to understanding the consequences at different levels of biological organization of stress induced by environmental factors. We discuss how some characteristics of cladocerans (e.g., small body size, short life cycles, cyclic parthenogenesis) make them convenient models for such studies, with a particular comparison with other major zooplanktonic taxa.
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Daphnia Galeata Sars 1864 Mendotae Birge 1918 D
McNaught and Hasler (1966) were unable to define distinct cladocerans by their distinct rostrum and oval carapace that migration patterns for the Ceriodaphnia populations they usually terminates in an elongated spine. D. galeata men observed. dotae is distinguished from other Daphnia by its ocellus broad pointed helmet (Plate 8), and the very fine, uniforn: Feeding Ecology. Ceriodaphnia, like the other members pecten on the postabdominal claw (not visible at 50 x mag of the family Daphnidae, are filter feeders (Brooks 1959). nification). Males are distinguished from females by their O'Brien and De Noyelles (1974) determined the filtering elongate first antennae (Plate 9). rate of C. reticulata in several ponds with different levels Head shape is varible (Plate 10), but the peak of the of phytoplankton. McNaught et al. (1980) found that Lake helmet is generally near the midline of the body. Huron Ceriodaphnia species filtered nannoplankton at a rate of 0.270 ml · animal·• · hour" in Lake Huron. SIZE As Food for Fish and Other Organisms. Ceriodaphnia Brooks (1959) reported adult females ranging from 1.3- are eaten by many species of fish including rock bass, large 3.0 mm long while males were much smaller, measuring mouth bass, shiners, carp, mosquito fish, yellow perch, only 1.0 mm. ln Lake Superior we found females from and crappie (Pearse 1921: Ewers 1933; Wilson 1960). An 1.5-2.0 mm and males averaging 1.25 mm. The dry weight derson (1970) also found that the copepods Diacyclops of animals from Lake Michigan varies from 2.5-8.9µg thomasi and Acanthocyclops vernalis consume Ceriodaph (Hawkins and Evans 1979).
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The Journal of Experimental Biology 204, 3425–3441 (2001) 3425 Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2001 JEB3379 Beneﬁts of haemoglobin in the cladoceran crustacean Daphnia magna R. Pirow*, C. Bäumer and R. J. Paul Institut für Zoophysiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Hindenburgplatz 55, D-48143 Münster, Germany *e-mail: [email protected] Accepted 24 July 2001 Summary To determine the contribution of haemoglobin (Hb) to appendage-related variables. In Hb-poor animals, the the hypoxia-tolerance of Daphnia magna, we exposed Hb- INADH signal indicated that the oxygen supply to the limb poor and Hb-rich individuals (2.4–2.8 mm long) to a muscle tissue started to become impeded at a critical stepwise decrease in ambient oxygen partial pressure PO·amb of 4.75 kPa, although the high level of fA was (PO·amb) over a period of 51 min from normoxia largely maintained until 1.77 kPa. The obvious (20.56 kPa) to anoxia (<0.27 kPa) and looked for discrepancy between these two critical PO·amb values differences in their physiological performance. The haem- suggested an anaerobic supplementation of energy based concentrations of Hb in the haemolymph were provision in the range 4.75–1.77 kPa. The fact that INADH −1 −1 49 µmol l in Hb-poor and 337 µmol l in Hb-rich of Hb-rich animals did not rise until PO·amb fell below 1.32 animals, respectively. The experimental apparatus made kPa strongly suggests that the extra Hb available to Hb- simultaneous measurement of appendage beating rate (fA), rich animals ensured an adequate oxygen supply to the NADH ﬂuorescence intensity (INADH) of the appendage limb muscle tissue in the PO·amb range 4.75–1.32 kPa.
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Branchiopoda: Cladocera) in Cenozoic Volcanogenic Lakes in Germany, with Discussion of Their Indicator Value
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Daphnia Water Flea 87 W 5200 Species: Magna Genus: Daphnia Family: Daphniidae Order: Cladocera Class: Branchiopoda Phylum: Arthropoda Kingdom: Animalia
Daphnia Water Flea 87 W 5200 Species: magna Genus: Daphnia Family: Daphniidae Order: Cladocera Class: Branchiopoda Phylum: Arthropoda Kingdom: Animalia Conditions for Customer Ownership We hold permits allowing us to transport these organisms. To access permit conditions, click here. Never purchase living specimens without having a disposition strategy in place. There are currently no USDA permits required for this organism. Do not release into the environment. Primary Hazard Considerations None Availability and Short-term Care • Daphnia are available year round since we culture them in our labs. • Our Daphnia cultures are shipped in plastic jars containing water. We over-pack each order of Daphnia. It is normal to have some deceased Daphnia in the container. You will receive at least the quantity of live Daphnia stated on the container. Daphnia endure slight oxygen deprivation while in transit, but should still be active when you receive them. Upon arrival, immediately remove the lid and gently aerate the culture using a small pipet. Replace the lid loosely and maintain at room temperature. If you are planning on keeping the Daphnia for a short time, you can leave them in their shipping container with the lid loose. They can live in this jar with- out food for about two days after arrival. Captive Care Habitat: • For long-term care, Daphnia should be kept in a large container. A 1-gallon container is best for up to 100 Daphnia, and a 5-gallon container should be used for 100 to 500 Daphnia. If you have 500 or more Daphnia, you should use a 10 to 100 gallon container.
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Anostraca and Cladocera)
A CHECKLIST OF THE BRANCHIOPODA (ANOSTRACA AND CLADOCERA) Chapter summary. — Existing reports on branchiopods from Chilean in- land waters are restricted to studies on Anostraca and Cladocera, whereas un- fortunately there are no published studies on Notostraca or Conchostraca. The present chapter provides a checklist of the species of anostracans and clado- cerans reported from the area. Only two genera of Anostraca have been de- scribed from Chile, i.e., the halophilic Artemia, which is widespread across the Chilean territory, and Branchinecta that has been described from some re- stricted zones, inhabiting shallow ponds in both northern Chile and southern Patagonia. The cladocerans, are, until now, known to be present with ﬁve fami- lies encompassing 28 species, distributed over a wide array of various kinds of inland water bodies. These species include cosmopolitic and endemic species, some of the widespread being Ceriodaphnia dubia and Daphnia pulex, while among the endemics are Daphniopsis chilensis, described only from northern Chilean water bodies, and Daphnia dadayana, occurring in shallow ponds in southern Patagonia. The present study describes the geographical distribution of Cladocera in Chilean inland waters as recorded to date, and points out the need for more extensive taxonomic and biogeographical studies on the Chilean Branchiopoda. Introduction The Branchiopoda of Chilean inland waters have been relatively poorly studied. The only branchiopod taxa studied are anostracans (Soto, 1990; Gajardo et al., 1995; De los Ríos, 2005; De los Ríos et al., 2008; Rogers et al., 2008) and cladocerans (Araya & Zúñiga, 1985; Ruiz & Bahamonde, 1989; Villalobos, 1994). The Anostraca mainly inhabit shallow ponds such as inland saline water bodies (Artemia; Gajardo et al., 1998; De los Ríos & Zúñiga, 2000), while species of the genus Branchinecta inhabit shallow ephemeral pools (Rogers et al., 2008), characterized by low conductivity and by oligotrophy (De los Ríos et al., 2008a).
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www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Characterization of genome-wide SNPs for the water fleaDaphnia pulicaria generated by genotyping- Received: 26 January 2016 Accepted: 01 June 2016 by-sequencing (GBS) Published: 27 June 2016 Joaquín Muñoz1,2,*, Anurag Chaturvedi3,*, Luc De Meester3 & Lawrence J. Weider2 The keystone aquatic herbivore Daphnia has been studied for more than 150 years in the context of evolution, ecology and ecotoxicology. Although it is rapidly becoming an emergent model for environmental and population genomics, there have been limited genome-wide level studies in natural populations. We report a unique resource of novel Single Nucleotide Polymorphic (SNP) markers for Daphnia pulicaria using the reduction in genomic complexity with the restriction enzymes approach, genotyping-by-sequencing. Using the genome of D. pulex as a reference, SNPs were scored for 53 clones from five natural populations that varied in lake trophic status. Our analyses resulted in 32,313 highly confident and bi-allelic SNP markers. 1,364 outlier SNPs were mapped on the annotated D. pulex genome, which identified 2,335 genes, including 565 within functional genes. Out of 885 EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups that we found from outlier SNPs, 294 were involved in three metabolic and four regulatory pathways. Bayesian-clustering analyses showed two distinct population clusters representing the possible combined effects of geography and lake trophic status. Our results provide an invaluable tool for future population genomics surveys in Daphnia targeting informative regions related to physiological processes that can be linked to the ecology of this emerging eco-responsive taxon. High-throughput sequencing methodologies have opened up exciting possibilities in the fields of population genetics, conservation and evolutionary biology by enabling the assessment of genetic variation at genome-wide scales.
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