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Olympic Dam Expansion OLYMPIC DAM EXPANSION DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT 2009 APPENDIX K GROUNDWATER AND GEOCHEMISTRY ISBN 978-0-9806218-0-8 (set) ISBN 978-0-9806218-4-6 (appendices) APPENDIX K GROUNDWATER AND GEOCHEMISTRY CONTENTS K1 Baseline hydrogeological assessment 3 K2 Third-party groundwater users 115 K3 Baseline groundwater quality assessment 129 K3.1 Field and desktop investigations 131 K3.2 Field sampling methodology 131 K3.3 Laboratory testing 132 K3.4 Results 132 K4 Tailings storage facility geochemistry assessment 147 K5 Rock storage facility geochemistry assessment 183 K6 Stuart Shelf regional groundwater flow model 221 APPENDIX K1 Baseline hydrogeological assessment Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 Appendix K 3 4 Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 Appendix K OLYMPIC DAM Expansion Project BASELINE HYDROGEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FINAL Prepared for ARUP/HLA (OLYMPIC DAM EIS Project) Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................1 2 REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL SETTING.........................5 2.1 Overview 5 2.2 Stuart Shelf 9 2.2.1 Geology 9 2.2.2 Hydrological setting 15 2.3 Infrastructure corridors 18 2.3.1 Geology 18 2.3.2 Hydrological setting 31 2.4 Sedimentary basins and palaeochannels 34 2.4.1 Arckaringa Basin 34 2.4.2 Eromanga Basin 34 2.4.3 Torrens Basin 35 2.4.4 Tertiary Palaeochannels 35 3 BASELINE HYDROGEOLOGY........................................................................36 3.1 Overview 36 3.2 Stuart Shelf groundwater system 38 3.2.1 General 38 3.2.2 Hydrostratigraphy 39 3.2.3 Groundwater processes 45 3.3 Sedimentary aquifers on and adjacent the Stuart Shelf 51 3.3.1 Eromanga Basin 51 3.3.2 Arckaringa Basin 54 3.3.3 Tertiary palaeochannels 55 3.4 Infrastructure corridors 56 3.4.1 Southern Corridor 56 3.4.2 Northern Corridor 59 4 CONCEPTUAL HYDROGEOLOGICAL MODEL OF THE STUART SHELF REGION............................................................................................................62 4.1 Regional flow system interconnectivity 62 4.2 Stuart Shelf groundwater processes 66 4.3 Conceptual hydrogeological model 67 i 5 GROUNDWATER USERS................................................................................68 5.1 Stuart Shelf and adjacent sedimentary basins 68 5.1.1 Third party users 68 5.1.2 Environmental receptors 70 5.2 Infrastructure corridors 73 5.2.1 Southern Infrastructure Corridor 73 5.2.2 Northern Infrastructure Corridor 75 6 ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER SYSTEM RESPONSE TO EXISTING MINING OPERATIONS ....................................................................................78 6.1 Existing groundwater affecting activities 78 6.2 Mine water management impacts 78 6.2.1 Overview 78 6.2.2 Dewatering impacts associated with underground workings 80 6.2.3 Tailings impoundments and water storages 89 6.2.4 Mine and process water supply 93 7 REFERENCES ...............................................................................................100 ii List of Tables, Figures, Plates, Appendices TABLES Table 2-1 Summary of Important Stuart Shelf Stratigraphy and Lithology ............................................................ 12 Table 2-2 Summary of Important Southern Infrastructure Corridor stratigraphy and lithology .............................. 21 Table 2-3 Summary of stratigraphy and lithology along the Northern (gas pipeline) Infrastructure Corridor ......... 30 Table 3-1 Hydrostratigraphic units of the Stuart Shelf (oldest to youngest) .......................................................... 37 Table 3-2 Density corrected groundwater levels ................................................................................................... 50 Table 6-1 Mine site (THA) groundwater system response to mine operations...................................................... 87 Table 6-2 Mine site (ALA) groundwater system response to mine operations ...................................................... 90 FIGURES Figure 1-1 Locality plan for the OD mine site and infrastructure corridors .............................................................. 3 Figure 1-2 Study Area in the vicinity of OD ............................................................................................................. 4 Figure 2-1 Geological provinces and surficial geology of the Study Area................................................................ 6 Figure 2-2 Key geological formations in the central Study Area (Sturt Shelf).......................................................... 7 Figure 2-3 Major structural features and geology of the Stuart Shelf and environs................................................. 8 Figure 2-4 Geological lineaments in the vicinity of OD............................................................................................ 8 Figure 2-5 Schematic cross-section of northern Stuart Shelf and southern GAB.................................................. 10 Figure 2-6 Schematic cross-section of northern Stuart Shelf and westerly extent of Adelaide Geosyncline ......... 11 Figure 2-7 Structure contours – top of basement beneath SML............................................................................ 13 Figure 2-8 Structure contours – base of Corroberra Sandstone (Sturt Shelf) ....................................................... 13 Figure 2-9 Elevations of top of key geological formations ..................................................................................... 14 Figure 2-10 Climate data for Andamooka (Station 016065) and Woomera (Station 016001) ............................... 16 Figure 2-11 Surface water catchments of the Project Area and Southern Infrastructure Corridor......................... 17 Figure 2-12 Geological section along the Southern Corridor - Port Augusta to Woomera .................................... 19 Figure 2-13 Geological section along the Southern Corridor -Whyalla to Port Augusta ........................................ 20 Figure 2-14 Regional surficial geological setting for Northern (gas pipeline) Corridor........................................... 24 Figure 2-15 Geological section along the Northern Corridor – OD to Lake Eyre South ........................................ 26 Figure 2-16 Geological section along the Northern Corridor – Lake Eyre South to Lake Blanche ........................ 27 Figure 2-17 Geological section along the Northern Corridor – Lake Blanche to Moomba.................................... 28 Figure 2-18 Geological section along the Northern Corridor – Lake Eyre South to Moomba............................... 29 Figure 2-19 Climate data for Port Augusta (Station 016056) ................................................................................ 31 Figure 2-20 Climate data for Moomba (Station 017096) ....................................................................................... 32 Figure 2-21 Hydrology of the Northern Infrastructure Corridor.............................................................................. 33 Figure 2-22 GAB locality plan ............................................................................................................................... 35 Figure 3-1 Sturt Shelf hydrostratigraphy at OD.............................................................................................36 Figure 3-2 Airlift yield, groundwater salinity profiles, and lithological logs for selected drilling sites ...................... 41 Figure 3-3 Tent Hill Aquifer Airlift yields and salinity ............................................................................................. 42 iii Figure 3-4 Groundwater flow models developed from test pumping the THA ....................................................... 43 Figure 3-5 Andamooka Limestone Aquifer airlift yields and salinity ...................................................................... 46 Figure 3-6 Salinity and airlift yield profile at site RT-1 and RT-5. ........................................................................... 47 Figure 3-7 Interpreted water table contour plan and groundwater flow directions for the Study Area .................... 48 Figure 3-8 Plan showing the locality of the GAB, main recharge areas and discharge flow lines......................... 52 Figure 3-9 Schematic profile of the GAB showing recharge and discharge mechanisms ..................................... 53 Figure 3-10 Comparison of outflow component of GAB water balance (South Australia vs. total) ........................ 54 Figure 3-11 Groundwater salinity distribution – Southern Infrastructure Corridor.................................................. 57 Figure 3-12 Groundwater salinity distribution – Northern Infrastructure Corridor .................................................. 60 Figure 4-1 Recharge and diffuse groundwater discharge in the northern Stuart Shelf.......................................... 63 Figure 4-2 Piper Plot for Stuart Shelf aquifers and surrounding groundwater systems ........................................ 64 Figure 4-3 Isotope data (36Cl) for Study Area groundwater .................................................................................... 65 Figure 4-4 Conceptual model of Stuart Shelf and artesian Eromanga Basin GFSs .............................................. 67 Figure 5-1 Pastoral stations and water wells located in Baseline Study Area around OD..................................... 68 Figure 5-2 Wellfields A and B
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