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Cook Islands and Niue's Relationships of Free Association with New Zealand

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Cook Islands and Niue's Relationships of Free Association with New Zealand ௐ 3 ഇ! ࢱ 89-106! 2020 ѐ/ࡌ؞ཱི !ס έ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώ! ௐ 16 Taiwan International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 89-106 Autumn 2020 庫克群島、紐埃與紐西蘭 的自由聯盟關係 ధޙၷ ර̂ጯέ៉̼͛ጯրࣘЇӄநି଱ڌ ၡ ࢋ ৸Ҙᜋതϔٺതϔ̼߆ඉĂࣧᛳܧĂᓑЪ઼ฟؕଯજޢѐ̝ 1945 ᅳг۞ऱҹཏफ׶৸ऄ֭ϏᏴፄ፾ϲĂ҃ߏᄃ৸ҘᜋԛјҋϤᓑ༖۞ ඕЪĄଂགྷᑻă઼֨ăڼԛёᚶᜈᄃ৸Ҙᜋઇ߆֣ڼᙯܼĂͽҋڼ߆ ୧Іֽ࠻ĂдҋϤᓑ༖ᙯܼ˭Ăᔵ൒ऱҹཏफᄃ৸ऄ֭៍މγϹඈ͹ Ă݋ߏ௑ޘᄃ߆ඉី߿ڼߏԆБ፾ϲҋ͹۞઼छĂҭҋϤᓑ༖۞߆ܧ Ъ˞ऱҹཏफᄃ৸ऄ۞ӀৈĄ ᙯᔣෟĈऱҹཏफă৸ऄă৸ҘᜋăҋϤᓑ༖ ăௐ 3 ഇĞ2020/ࡌ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 90 壹、前言 ৸ҘᜋĞNew Zealandğٺതϔ̼߆ඉ۞Я৵˭ĂࣧᛳܧдᓑЪ઼ଯજ ѐ׶ 1974 1965 ٺതϔᅳг۞ऱҹཏफĞCook Islandsğ׶৸ऄĞNiueğĂҾ ĄڼᙯܼĂଂ҃၁னҋڼѐᄃ৸Ҙᜋ၁߉ҋϤᓑ༖Ğfree associationğ۞߆ າ᎖۞ᓑЪ઼ଯજΝതϔ̼߆ඉᏴี̝ޢߏ˟ѨጼޘטڱҋϤᓑ༖۞ጳ ႕֖఺׌͉࣎π߶̈फ઼ܲѣϔ୉።Ϋ̼͛ඈপҒ۞ϔ୉ҋޘטĂ఺࣎˘ ΃ܑ፾ϲĂҭ΁ࣇᄃ৸Ҙᜋ۞ҋϤ̙ڼՙ͞ёĄጐგऱҹཏफ׶৸ऄ۞ҋ തϔ̼߆ඉ۞ཌྷચĄऱҹཏܧᓑ༖ᙯܼĂ΃ܑ˞৸Ҙᜋར၁˞ᓑЪ઼ଯજ ĂҋϤඕ༖۞щଵ̙֣ڼតј˞৸ҘᜋҋϤඕ༖۞ҋ˭ޘטफ׶৸ऄдѩ ᅮՐͽ̈́ڼതϔ̼۞ࢋՐĂ˵ͅߍ˞ऱҹཏफ׶৸ऄ۞߆ܧ௑ЪᓑЪ઼่ ҋ۞ޘĂऱҹཏफᄃ৸ऄܲѣ੼˭ט৸Ҙᜋ۞ӀৈĄдҋϤඕ༖۞ጳ߆វ гҜĂ่Ϥ৸Ҙᜋ࢑య઼֨ᄃγϹćТॡĂऱҹཏफᄃ৸ऄ۞ˠϔ˵ጾڼ ˯Ӏّᄃགྷᑻܮ۞˯ڼˠϔЯѩᒔ଀Հк߆۞֣ڼѣ৸Ҙᜋ઼ᚱĂ׌࣎ҋ ᓑЪ઼ᄮؠऱҹཏफᄃ৸ऄ׍౯ᘪཌ୧ࡗ۞፾ϲ઼छٺӀৈĄѩγĂϤ۞ ΐˢк࣎ᓑЪ઼ٙᛳ۞઼ᅫ௡ᖐĂТॡ˵׶̙Т۞઼˵֣ڼ୧ІĂ׌࣎ҋ פϲγϹᙯܼĄ౅࿅ᄃ৸Ҙᜋ۞ҋϤᓑ༖ᙯܼĂऱҹཏफᄃ৸ऄፂѩޙछ ᅫгҜણᄃ઼ᅫ௡ᖐĄώ͛౅࿅።Ϋ۞ਔඛĂ઼פۋ଀౵к۞གྷᑻӀৈă ၹҋϤᓑ༖۞ᙯܼĂͽ̈́ҋϤᓑ༖ጳ߆ޙᕩৼ΍ऱҹཏफă৸ऄᄃ৸Ҙᜋ ۞˯ᅫгҜඈᛉᗟ઼פۋĂऱҹཏफă৸ऄᄃ৸ҘᜋдགྷᑻӀৈᄃ˭ޘט ˬ֎ᙯܼĄ 貳、庫克群島、紐埃與紐西蘭政治整合前的歷史背景 ˘ăऱҹཏफᖎ̬ ऱҹཏफߏϤ 15 ࣎फᑎ௡ј۞ཏफĂ2016 ѐˠ˾ࠎ 17,459 ˠ ĞMcDonald, 2018: 142-43ğĂ͹ࢋˠ˾ࠎͨӀˠĂౙгࢬ᎕ࡗࠎ 240 π̳͞ ऱҹཏफă৸ऄᄃ৸Ҙᜋ۞ҋϤᓑ༖ᙯܼ 91 ᛳ֧ࠟκҘֲĞFrench PolynesiağڱΔ͞Ăڌ1ĄгநҜཉдݑ͉π߶৸Ҙᜋ֧ ࡔͷ൴னధкफᑎ۞ࡻ͵ 18 ٺᄃ೺ᑻĞFijiğ̝มĂ׎׻Щ੓໚ߏϤ߿᜙ ѐ൳ౙऱ 1773 ٺĞCaptain James Cookğ2Ąྜؒ೻ऱҹܜ௺೻ऱҹؒྜ઼ ҹཏफĂ1777 ѐГѨౄణྍफĄऱҹཏफϫ݈ߏ৸Ҙᜋ۞ҋϤᓑ༖֣ јࣶ۞৸ҘᜋၹјొЊĄםĞassociated stateğјࣶĂ˵ߏ̂ࡻ઼ Ξਕညҫᅳ̂໨г˘ᇹҫᅳऱҹཏ઼ڱѐĂऱҹཏफˠϔፉ͕ 1888 ߏјࠎ˞ࡻ઼۞᜕ܲгĄ1900 ѐ 9 ͡Ăफϔᅳఞ೩΍ኛᙸ३ĂࢋՐٺफĂ ࠎࡻ઼ᅳ˿Ą1900 ѐ 10 ͡Ăऱҹཏफˠϔ드ఞᘪཌТຍ׀૟఺ֱཏफЪ οॲፂࡻ઼ 1895 ѐĺതϔгᙝކ३Ăјࠎࡻ઼̃ͳ۞ᅳгĄ1901 ѐĂࡻ઼ ৸Ҙᜋ۞തϔгٺĻĞColonial Boundaries Act 1985ğĂऱҹཏफజᕩᛳڱࠧ ,ቑಛ̰Ăઇࠎࡻ઼۞͉π߶ᅳ˿ؼҩгĞRoberts-Wray, 1966: 891, Gilson ᙯڼ96-109ğćϺӈ 1901 ѐ੓Ăऱҹཏफಶᄃ৸Ҙᜋಶѣ˞ϒё۞߆ :1980 ፟ڱᅮՐĂٙͽऱҹཏफд 1947 ѐјϲ˞ϲ۞عऱҹཏफг͞߆ٺĄϤܼ ĻĞBritish Nationality and NewڱၹĄ༊ 1948 ѐĺ̂ࡻ઼ᚱ̈́৸Ҙᜋ઼ᚱ ѐ 1 ͡ 1 ͟Ϡड़ॡĂүࠎࡻ઼Ҋϔ۞ 1949 ٺZealand Citizenship Act 1948ğ ଀৸Ҙᜋ઼ᚱĞGreen, 2005; Firth, 2013: 3ğĄ1957 ѐĂऱפϔҋજاऱҹफ ፟ၹԼࠎ͹ࢋϤϔᏴயϠĞFirth, 2013: 3ğĄ̙࿅Ăд৸Ҙᜋڱҹཏफ۞ϲ ᛳᅳ˿Ąܢ፾ϲ̝݈Ăऱҹཏफ̪൒ߏ৸Ҙᜋ۞ٕڼՙؠග̟ιࣇҋع߆ ˟ă৸ऄᖎ̬ ݑ͉π߶Ă2015 ѐˠ˾ࠎ 1,758 ˠĞMcDonald, 2018: 145ğĂٺ৸ऄҜ ৸ऄ۞୉ཏၹј˯ᄃऱҹཏफ̙ТĂ৸ऄ͹ࢋ୉ཏߏ֧ࠟκҘֲˠ ΔڌĞPolynesiansğćѩγĂౙгࢬ᎕ࡗ 260 π̳֧͞3ĄгநҜཉд৸Ҙᜋ 220 ٺॲፂέ៉γϹొ۞ྤफ़Ăऱҹཏफౙгࢬ᎕ࡗ 240 π̳֧͞Ă15 ࣎͹ࢋफᑎ೸Ҷ 1 ༱π̳͎͞۞ঔા̰Ą2016 ѐ۞௚ࢍྤफ़Ăऱҹཏफࡗѣ 78.2%ߏͨӀˠĄ ĞCaptain CookğĂܜ௺೻ऱҹĞ1728 ѐ 11 ͡ 7 ͟ů1779 ѐ 2 ͡ 14 ͟ğĂ˫Щऱҹؒྜ 2 ˵лཏफ۞ለ߷ˠĂރ׶आثڌπ߶Ă૲ᅳᚻฤ௺ࣶјࠎࢵԲ൳ౙ፫߷͉ـ؇׻݈ޘˬ ߏ૲ᅳለ߷௺੸ࢵѨᒖᖒ৸ҘᜋਝҖ۞ˠĄ ॲፂέ៉γϹొྤफ़Ă৸ऄ۞ౙгࢬ᎕ 260 π̳֧͞Ąࡗ 66.5%ˠ˾ߏ৸ऄ֧ࠟκҘֲ 3 ˠĄ ăௐ 3 ഇĞ2020/ࡌ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 92 ᙝ݋ߏऱҹཏफĄ1774 ѐĂڌΐĂΔᙝߏᖠᇝֲĞSamoağĂڌĂҘᙝߏ͞ ৸ऄ۞ለ߷ˠĄॲፂĺ1886 ѐࡻᇇ̳ࡗĻזऱҹதᅳ۞௺ᚻјࣶߏࢵԲ࠻ ĞAnglo-German Convention of 1886ğĂ৸ऄజထᕩࠎᇇ઼ᛳгĞParsons, ჯкӀֲ̃ͳĂԓ୕ࡻ઼᜕ܲܫ۰д࡭ڼ262ğĄ1889 ѐĂ৸ऄफ۞௚ :1968 ᖠᇝֲٺഇ၆ܜ৸ऄ۞щБĂҭϏਕтᙸĄ19 ͵ࡔϐĂࡻ઼ă઼࡚ăᇇ઼ ୢᖠᇝֲĂ઼࡚ᄃᇇ̶઼౷ᖠᇝֲĄٸᛉд 1899 ѐӘ˘࣎߱རĂࡻ઼ۋ˿ᅳ οॲፂࡻކኛᙸ३ć1901 ѐĂࡻ઼۞׀ѐĂ৸ऄफϔ೩΍Тຍࡻ઼Ъ 1900 ˢऱҹཏफĂ֭д 1901 ѐјࠎ৸Ҙ׀ĻĂ૟৸ऄڱѐĺതϔгᙝࠧ 1895 ઼ ᜋ۞തϔгᅳ˿ĞRoberts-Wray, 1966: 897; Parsons, 1968: 242-43ğĄ 參、聯合國非殖民化政策的影響 ˘ăᓑЪ઼ܧതϔ̼߆ඉ ன၁˯Ăଂ˿гࢬ᎕ăˠ˾ᇴඈඈֽ࠻Ă৸Ҙᜋдᇴፂ˯ᅈᅈ෹࿅ऱ ҹཏफͽ̈́৸ऄĄ৸Ҙᜋ۞ˠ˾ᇴд 2020 ѐ 7 ͡ࠎ 4,925,477 ˠĂౙгࢬ ऱٺ᎕ 264,537 π̳֧͞ĞCentral Intelligence Agency, 2020ğĄ৸Ҙᜋ࠹ྵ ҹཏफă৸ऄ۞ˠ˾ᄃ˿гࢬ᎕Ăΐ˯৸Ҙᜋ۞གྷᑻ၁˧Ă৸Ҙᜋೀͼߏ ߏ 1945 ѐ̝ܮ୧Іֽ࠻Ăӈ៍މऱҹཏफᄃ৸ऄυืࣅᏥ۞၆෪Ąଂ఺ֱ ޢĂᓑЪ઼ଯજܧതϔ̼߆ඉĂऱҹཏफᄃ৸ऄ˵ᙱͽԆБ௲ᗓ৸Ҙᜋ҃ Ԇፋ፾ϲҋ͹Ą തϔ̼።Ϋ۞ВТ੓ᕇߏ 1945 ѐĂ৸Ҙᜋણΐܧ৸Ҙᜋᄃ׎΁઼छ۞ ᛉ˯੓ਨ۞ĺᓑЪ઼ጳౢĻĞUnited Nations CharterğĂ൒҃৸Ҙົ̋ܛдᖞ ᅫᓑ༖ĞLeague of઼۞ޢѨ͵ࠧ̂ጼ˘זതϔ̼གྷ።Ξ੠໖ܧᜋҋ̎۞ ؠĻĞ Australia-New ZealandםNationsğٕ 1944 ѐ۞ĺ፫߷ᄃ৸Ҙᜋ Agreement of 1944ĂٕჍĺӯૈ̳ٛࡗĻCanberra PactğĂҭߏ 1945 ѐĺᓑ Ъ઼ጳౢĻߏ఼૱జෛࠎБ஧Νതϔ̼۞ฟბĞMcDonald, 2018: 38ğĄ1945 ҋܧο׎ކኛᓑЪ઼Чົ઼ࣶܜĂᓑЪ઼৪३ޢѐĺᓑЪ઼ጳౢĻ੓ਨ̝ Ă৸Ҙᜋ࠱ޢࢋՐ۞ܜᓑЪ઼৪३זᅳ˿Ă֭ШᓑЪ઼ಡӘĄ৸Ҙᜋќڼ ऱҹཏफă৸ऄᄃ৸Ҙᜋ۞ҋϤᓑ༖ᙯܼ 93 ؠڼચ૟ҋڱᅳ˿۞ؠཌྷĄ࠱छڼҋܧચᄮࠎĂऱҹཏफ׶৸ऄ௑Ъڱछ ڼдऱҹཏफᄃ৸ऄफߏӎ௑ЪҋٺཌྷࠎˠࣇᏴᓝҋ̎۞΃ܑ̝ਕ˧Ą၆ Ăҭ΁ࣇдጳౢ̰̙֭ޘטڱચᄮࠎጐგ΁ࣇѣफᛉົ۞ϲڱᅳ˿Ă࠱छ ˭ĞMcDonald, 2018: 41ğĄ༊ॡдᓁந Peter Fraser ᅳጱڼߏĶ·̶ķ۞ҋ Ăᄮࠎऱҹཏफߏ৸Ҙᜋ̙Ξٕ৿۞˘ొЊĂᄮؠ৸Ҙᜋᄃع৸Ҙᜋ߆۞ ऱҹཏफ۞ᙯܼ̙ߏതϔᙯܼĂᓑЪ઼̙ᑕྍ̬ˢ৸Ҙᜋᄃཏफ۞ᙯܼ ĞMcDonald, 2018: 42ğĄ തϔ̼᜜ኢĂኡѣᝋՙؠ˘࣎ᅳ˿ߏܧѐҌ 1960 ѐĂᓑЪ઼ซҖ 1946 തܧĞMcDonald, 2018: 45ğĄາᎸ፾ϲ઼छ۞૦੓ΐిᓑЪ઼ଯજڼӎҋ ֏ĻĞ Declaration onކϔ̼͞ࢬ۞߆ඉĂ1960 ѐᓑЪ઼ĺΝതϔ̼ Decolonisation, 1960ğ݋ͅߍ˞఺࣎ᔌ๕ĄĺΝതϔ̼ކ֏ć఼࿅ޢѨ͟Ă ቁ޽΍׎ዋϡቑಛᄃˬ࣎ዋϡҋՙ͞९ĈĞ1ğјࠎ͹ᝋ፾ϲ઼छځՙᛉ Ğemergence as a sovereign independent stateğćĞ2ğᄃ˘࣎፾ϲ઼छ۞ҋϤ ׀ᓑ༖Ğfree association with an independent stateğćٕĞ3ğᄃ፾ϲ઼छЪ Ğintegration with an independent stateğĞMcDonald, 2018: 48ğĄௐ˟࣎Ᏼี ଀·̶ྤੈૄᖂ˭Ă౅࿅ϔ͹פٙᏜ۞ҋϤᓑ༖Ăߏপؠᅳ˿۞ˠϔĂд ඀Ԕܑ҃྿΍ֽ۞ҋϤᄃҋᙸᏴፄĄҋϤᓑ༖ᑕྍ಴ࢦྍᅳ˿̈́׎ˠϔ۞ পّ׶̼͛পኳĂྍᅳ˿̰۞ˠϔѣԼត׎гҜ۞ҋϤĂ˵ѣᝋՙؠ׎̰ జതϔ۞फᑎдٺγࠧ̒ᕘĞMcDonald, 2018: 48-49ğĄᙯצĂ̙ڱጳ۞ొ ந˯۞гҜĂ඗̂кᇴफᑎౌ̙дವՐ͹ᝋгҜĂҭ˵̙ԓ୕εΝҋ͹ڱ ᛉםڼᙸຍΐˢ΁ࣇ۞߆ޝ˵૱ᝋĂ͹ጱ఺ֱజതϔफᑎ۞઼छ๕˧఼ ˘Ą၆జതϔ۞फᑎ҃֏ĂҋϤᓑ༖఺჌ඉரߏࣘ׍நّᄃጼரّኳĂ̚ ˘ࠎ֗ڍόफᑎ೩੼͹ᝋҭεΝщБᄃགྷᑻĂ఺̙֭Ъͼ౵੼۞ӀৈĄт ࣎г͞৺۞फ઼Ăਕᒔ଀઼͚̂޺۞щБშĂТॡΞჯ޺ϔ୉̶֗ă̼͛ ͹ཌྷĂ֭ၘೖග઼̟̈ޓᛳ۞઼̂˵ਕҖֹహّ۞ܢҖֹг͞۞ᝋӀĂ֭ ֽڶېफ઼ӀৈĞBaldacchino, 2010: 19-20ğĄଂҋϤᓑ༖࠹ᙯౘࢗᄃ၁ᅫ छԆБ፾ϲᄃࣧതϔᕩᛳᅳ˿̝มĂҋϤᓑ༖઼ٺ࠻ĂҋϤᓑ༖۞Ҝล̬ ҋϤĞfreeğຍཌྷஉᄏྤੈ·֖ăԆБϔ͹Ă֭ѣᖎಏΞҖ̝඀Ԕ௲ᗓҋ۞ Ϥᓑ༖҃Ԇј፾ϲ̝୧ІĄҋϤᓑ༖͹ࢋ۞পᇈѣˬĂௐ˘ĂҋϤᓑ༖ј ăௐ 3 ഇĞ2020/ࡌ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 94 ͹ཌྷ۞ؼҩĂ઼ޓహّٺᛳ˯ޘࣶܲѣҋϤซ΍ᓑ༖۞ᝋӀćௐ˟Ăߙ඀ ࣧതϔϓ઼࢑య׎઼֨γϹĂҭυืܲᅪ׎གྷᑻщБćௐˬĂΐ༖ҋϤ֣ Ш̚Ăऱҹཏफᄃ৸ऄౌᏴፄௐפ፾ϲវĄдӀৈ౵̼̂۞۞ڼҋޘߏ੼ Ăᄃ˘࣎፾ϲ۞઼छҋϤᓑ༖Ă҃ҋϤᓑ༖၆෪ಶߏ৸ҘᜋĄี˟ ăऱҹཏफᄃ৸Ҙᜋ۞ҋϤᓑ༖።඀˟ തϔ̼߆ඉ۞͉π߶फᑎĂּтࡻᛳٙᘲܧѐĂᓑЪ઼Е΍ଯજ 1960 ཏफĞSolomon Islandsğă೺ᑻඈć፫߷۞າೀֲ̰ĞNew Guineağ׶Ꮪܝ ੉ᅳ˿ăऱܫጆĞNauruğ੉გડඈć৸Ҙᜋ۞ҘᖠᇝֲĞWestern Samoağ ڼҋܧᅳ˿ć઼࡚ጼரّ͉π߶फᑎ੉გડĂͽ̈́ڼҋܧҹཏफă৸ऄඈ ᙯफĞGuamğă࡚ᛳᖠᇝֲඈඈĞMcDonald, 2018: 49ğĄҘᖠᇝֲߏௐ˘࣎ ѐјࠎ፾ϲ઼छĄனдĂҘ 1962 ٺफᑎᅳ˿ĂҘᖠᇝֲ۞ט௲ᗓ৸Ҙᜋଠ ᖠᇝֲॲፂĺ̓р୧ࡗĻĞTreaty of Friendshipğᄃ৸Ҙᜋܲ޺඾૜̷ᓑᘭ4Ą Ă೩ֻҖ߆ăԫఙͽ̈́ڶې۞ع҂ณҘᖠᇝֲ߆عྍ୧ࡗఢؠĂ৸Ҙᜋ߆ ׎΁೯ӄኛՐĞTownend, 2003: 579ğĄᐌ඾ᓑЪ઼၆͉π߶ЧफᑎΝതϔ̼ ҂ऱҹཏफ׶৸ऄफϏֽҋՙ۞ᛉޥͽ̈́ҘᖠᇝֲĂ৸Ҙᜋฟؕڦᙯ۞ ᗟĂֹ֭ܳ৸Ҙᜋд 1962 ѐವՐᄃऱҹཏफ׶৸ऄВТົથѩયᗟ ĞMcDonald, 2018: 46, 49ğĄ ऱҹཏफᄃҘᖠᇝֲ̙ТĂऱҹཏफ֭ϏᏴፄԆБ፾ϲĂ҃ߏд 1965 Ăٚᄮ৸Ҙᜋ۞̃ͳع߆֣ڼѐᏴፄᄃ৸ҘᜋјࠎҋϤᓑ༖઼छĂјࠎҋ ੳ˭˵ߏऱҹཏफ۞઼छ̮ࢵĞTownend, 2003: 579ğĄ1962 ѐĂऱҹཏफ ᛉ͞९۞ҋϤᓑ༖ᙯޙĄдᓑЪ઼טᛉົ׶৸ऄᛉົ̪Ϥ৸Ҙᜋٙଠڱϲ ķĂߏҋϤᓑ༖ᙯܼࢍထซ඀۞௣ᕇĂ׎၁Ăѩซ඀ѝд 1946ڼĶҋ̝ܼ ᓑٺಶฟؕ˞ĞMcDonald, 2018: 52-53ğĄ၆ܐᛉົ̝ڱѐऱҹཏफјϲϲ ᛉڱЪ઼۞͞९Ăऱҹཏफ֭Ϗࢬᓜതϔᄃ፾ϲ̝ม۞ԭፄĂऱҹཏफϲ ᛉڱᛉົ١඗Ąϲזķ۞೩ᛉĂ፾ϲᏴีዎڼĶႽΞਕԆፋ̰ొҋצତົ 4 ѐ 8 ͡Ă৸ҘᜋᄃҘᖠᇝֲᘪࢎĺ̓р୧ࡗĻĞTreaty of FriendshipğĂ1997 ѐĂҘᖠ 1962 ᇝֲՀԼ઼ЩࠎᖠᇝֲĞSamoağĄ ऱҹཏफă৸ऄᄃ৸Ҙᜋ۞ҋϤᓑ༖ᙯܼ 95 Ą׀ᔵ൒՟ѣ೩̷ֻ၁ΞҖ۞೩ᛉĂ˵֭ϏЯੑ߆ӀৈᏴፄᄃ৸ҘᜋЪົ ऱҹཏफᏴፄܲхҋ̎᝭ๆ۞ϔ୉֗ЊĞMcDonald, 2018: 64-65ğĄЯࠎĂ ऱҹཏफຐგநҋ̎۞ְચĂலౣऱҹཏफдгநă።Ϋăགྷᑻ׶ۤົඈ ᆸࢬౌᄃ৸Ҙᜋၟ൒̙ТĞAikman, et al., 1999: 521ğĄ1963 ѐ 6 ͡Ă৸Ҙ ࢍ൪ĞAikman, et۞ڼѐᔙШ̰ొҋ 1965 ٺᛉົᅍ΍ڱШऱҹཏफϲعᜋ߆ ᛉົ̚ၣ΍৸Ҙᜋڱal., 1999: 557-61ğĄ৸Ҙᜋ۞ࢍထߏుՎଂऱҹཏफϲ ΃ેҖ؎ࣶפ৪३Ăјϲ˘࣎ऱҹཏफ̰ᅦعᛉ঻Ї߆ޙዸ૞ࣶĂ่૱۞ ົඈඈĞMcDonald, 2018: 65ğĄ ᏴፄҋϤᓑ༖۞ᙯܼĂઇࠎΝതϔ̼۞͞९Ąޢ৸Ҙᜋᄃऱҹཏफ౵ ҋϤᓑ༖ᙯܼߏдᓑЪ઼ٚᄮ˭௣ඕ̝݈ᄃ৸Ҙᜋ۞തϔᙯܼ ĞQuentin-Baxter, 1999: 590ğĄ ѐ 11 ͡ 17 ͟ĂдᓑЪ઼۞ᅃጱ˭Ă৸Ҙᜋ઼ົ఼࿅ 1964 ѐĺ ऱ 1964 ϔا९ĻĞCook Islands Constitution Act 1964ğĂ֭дऱҹཏफڱڱҹཏफጳ ϔĄاග༊гٸᝋӀᛖڼĂ૟ྍཏफ۞ҋޢᛉ̂Ᏼ̝ົڱѐԆјϲ 1965 ٺ ऱҹཏफᄃ৸ҘᜋҋϤᓑ༖ᙯܼٺ९Ļѣೀ࣎ᙯڱڱĺ1964 ѐऱҹཏफጳ ߏऱҹཏफ۞ڱăĞbğऱҹཏफ۞ጳ۞ڼࢦࢋఢؠĈĞağऱҹཏफߏҋ۞ ЇңఢؠĂӮ̙ᇆᜩ৸Ҙᜋ̃۞̚ڱăĞcğ၆γְચ׶઼֨дώޠڱ౵੼ ͳੳ˭၆ऱҹཏफঘγְચ׶઼֨۞యЇăĞdğॲፂ 1948ĺ̂ࡻ઼ᚱ̈́৸ ĻĞBritish Nationality and New Zealand Citizenship Act 1948ğĂώڱҘᜋ઼ᚱ ЇңఢؠӮ̙ᇆᜩЇңˠүࠎࡻ઼Ҋϔٕ৸Ҙᜋ̳ϔ۞гҜ۞ڱ ᛉᏴົڱĞMcDonald, 2018: 71-72ğĄ1965 ѐ 4 ͡ 20 ͟ĂऱҹཏफԆјϲ ९ĻĞCook Islandsڱ࣒ϒڱᓝĂТѐ 7 ͡ 26 ͟Ă৸Ҙᜋ఼࿅ĺऱҹཏफጳ ϔ৸Ҙᜋ̳ϔ̶֗ĂΞͽҋاConstitution Amendment ActğĂኬ̟ऱҹཏफ Ϥซ΍৸ҘᜋĂ҃ऱҹཏफᄃ৸Ҙᜋ̝ม݋ͽҋϤᓑЪĞfree associationğ ݭၗЪүĂऱҹཏफ઼छ̮ࢵߏϿఆ௻Ϩ˟͵̃ͳĂ֭ͷ౅࿅Ᏼᓝՙؠ۞ ᝋӀĂҭдγొְચ˯Ă݋ߏڼጾѣԆፋ۞ҋعĄऱҹཏफ߆عҋ̎۞߆ Ϥ৸ҘᜋֽႾ༛׎γϹᄃ઼֨͞ࢬ۞ְચĄ1965 ѐ 8 ͡ 4 ͟Ăऱҹཏफૄ Ąາጳ߆ೱֽԆፋ۞̰ᅦăڼ଀˞̰ొ۞ҋפᄃ৸Ҙᜋ۞ҋϤᓑ༖ᙯܼĂٺ ր௚ඈඈĄ̃ͳߏ઼छ۞̮ࢵĂͽ̈́˘Ҝ৸Ҙᜋ޽ڱᛉົă፾ϲ۞Φڱϲ ăௐ 3 ഇĞ2020/ࡌ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 96 Ϥᓁ༛޽ࠁğĄऱҹཏफჯ޺ޢࠁ۞੼৺૞ࣶĞ৸ҘᜋᄃऱҹཏफᓁநᏙથ ࠎࡻ઼۞Ҋᛳ઼гҜĂऱҹཏफˠТॡጾѣ৸Ҙᜋ઼ᚱĄдᄃऱҹཏफᓁ ѣᖚయ఍நऱҹཏफ۞၆γְચᄃ઼֨щБعந۞Ꮩથ˭Ă৸Ҙᜋ߆ ĞStone, 1966: 168ğĄᓑЪ઼˵Тॡд 1965 ѐĂԲࣞ৸Ҙᜋᄃऱҹཏफ۞ ҋϤᓑ༖ᙯܼĞFirth, 1989: 79ğĄ ă৸ऄᄃ৸Ҙᜋ۞ҋϤᓑ༖።඀ˬ ৸ऄд఍நͅതϔ̼۞ᛉᗟ˯Ă৸ऄˠࢵАԓ୕ܲ঻৸Ҙᜋ઼ᚱٺᙯ ᖣͽܲᅪ৸ऄˠ۞ซˢ৸Ҙᜋ۞ᝋӀĂЯࠎ΁ࣇ۞ధкᏐˠд৸Ҙᜋ̍ү ׶Ϡ߿Ąௐ˟ߏ৸ҘᜋܲᙋᚶᜈШྍफ೩ֻੑ߆׶Җ߆೯ӄĂܲᅪ৸ऄˠ Ϡ߿ͪ໤Ąௐˬߏჯ޺৸ऄˠҋ̎۞֗ЊĂჯ޺ҋ̎۞Ϡ߿͞ёᄃგந۞ ҋְ̎ચĞQuentin-BaxtTer, 1971: 5ğĄ Ҷࠎࡻ઼ކ৸ऄ׶ऱҹཏफ˘ᇹѣᙷҬ۞።Ϋ྽ྮĄ৸ऄд 1900 ѐజ Ăд 1974 ѐ̝݈Ă৸ऄ˘ۡߏ৸Ҙᜋ׀઼᜕Ă֭д 1901 ѐజ৸Ҙᜋӌܲ തϔᅳгĄ৸ऄˠညऱҹཏफˠ˘ᇹĂܲ঻˞৸Ҙᜋ઼ᚱĄ৸ऄд 1974۞ Ă֣ڼѐड़ϼऱҹཏफĂតј৸Ҙᜋ۞ҋϤᓑ༖˘ࣶĂјࠎ˘࣎፾ϲ۞ҋ ,ᄃऱҹཏफ˘ᇹĂෛ৸Ҙᜋ۞̃ͳੳ˭ࠎ৸ऄ۞઼छ̮ࢵĞTownend˵ ९ĻĞCook Islands Constitution Actڱڱ579ğĄĺ1964 ѐऱҹཏफጳ :2003 ९ĻĞNiue Constitution Act 1974ğௐ 5ڱڱ1964ğௐ 6 ୧׶ĺ1974 ѐ৸ऄጳ ĻĞBritish Nationality andڱѐĺ̂ࡻ઼ᚱ̈́৸Ҙᜋ઼ᚱ 1948 ٺ୧ӮఢؠĈૄ ЇңఢؠӮ̙ᇆᜩЇ۞̚ڱ९ٕጳڱNew Zealand Citizenship Act 1948ğĂྍ ңˠүࠎࡻ઼Ҋϔٕ৸Ҙᜋ̳ϔ۞гҜĞFirth, 2013: 3ğĄॲፂ 1974 ѐ৸ऄ ৸ऄώгٺ߉Җ֭ޠڱࢎטĂ৸Ҙᜋ઼ົ̙ਕع߆ڼ९Ă৸ऄߏҋڱڱጳ ĞQuentin-Baxter, 1999: 588ğĄ ৸ऄᄃ৸Ҙᜋ۞ጳ߆ᙯܼ׶ऱҹཏफᄃ৸Ҙᜋ۞ᙯܼᙷҬĂ఺࣎ጳ߆ ѐ 9 ͡ 3 ͟дᓑЪ઼Ⴞ༛˭۞̳Ը̚ԆјĞClark, 1980: 87ğĄ 1974 ٺᙯܼ मҾćಶऱҹ۞˯ޘᔵ൒ౌߏҋϤ֣Ă၁ᅫ˯Ăऱҹཏफᄃ৸ऄᔘߏѣ඀ ܕ৸ऄĂऱҹཏफͧྵତٺдҋϤᓑ༖ᙯܼ˯Ă࠹ྵع߆ڼཏफ҃֏Ăҋ ፾ϲĞTownend, 2003: 582ğĄଂԛё˯Ăऱҹཏफѣ׌Ҝ̃ͳੳ˭۞΃ܑĂٺ ऱҹཏफă৸ऄᄃ৸Ҙᜋ۞ҋϤᓑ༖ᙯܼ 97 ࣎ߏऱҹཏफ۞̃ͳĞQueen’s Representativeğ΃ܑĂΩ˘Щߏऱҹཏफ˘ ᖎྵͧڶې৸ऄĂٺᓁ༛ĞGovernor-GeneralğĂүࠎ৸Ҙᜋ۞˘ొЊĄҌ ,ಏۡତĂᓁ༛ĞGovernor-Generalğಶߏ৸ऄ۞͹ᝋĞ̃ͳğ΃ܑĞTownend 2003: 583ğ5Ą ৸ऄٺ९ĻĞNiue Constitution Act 1974ğѣೀ࣎ᙯڱڱĺ1974 ѐ৸ऄጳ ߏڱăĞbğ৸ऄጳڼᄃ৸ҘᜋҋϤᓑ༖ᙯܼ۞ࢦࢋఢؠĂּтĞağ৸ऄҋ Їң۞ڱĂώڱăĞcğॲፂ 1948 ѐࡻ઼઼ᚱ׶৸Ҙᜋ઼ᚱޠڱ৸ऄ۞౵੼ ఢؠӮ̙ᇆᜩЇңˠүࠎࡻ઼Ҋϔٕ৸Ҙᜋ̳ϔ۞гҜăĞdğ၆γְચ׶ ЇңఢؠӮ̙ᇆᜩ৸Ҙᜋ̃ͳੳ˭၆৸ऄঘγְચ׶઼֨۞̚ڱдώ઼֨ ᑕྍᚶᜈШ৸ऄ೩ֻυࢋ۞གྷᑻ׶Җ߆೯ӄăĞfğعయЇăĞeğ৸Ҙᜋ߆۞ عĂ޷໰ҋ̎߆ޢથם৸Ҙᜋ׶৸ऄ̝ม۞Ъүд৸Ҙᜋᓁநᄃ৸ऄᓁந ĻĞState Service Actڱચڇ߆ඉଯજຽચăĞgğ৸Ҙᜋॲፂ 1962 ѐĺ઼छ۞ 1962ğЇ׻৸Ҙᜋ৸ऄ΃ܑĂ৸Ҙᜋ΃ܑᑕዸ௛д৸ऄĂ֭ᑕߏ৸Ҙᜋ߆ д৸ऄ۞΃ܑĞMcDonald, 2018: 96-97ğĄ1975 ѐĂᓑЪ઼ϒёԲࣞ৸ऄع ᛉĞFirth, 1989: 79ğĄםᄃ৸Ҙᜋ۞ҋϤᓑ༖ 肆、自由聯盟關係下的自由邦內部關係 ऱҹཏफᄃ৸ऄᔵ൒ౌߏ৸Ҙᜋ۞ҋϤ֣Ăҭ၁ᅫ˯Ăऱҹཏफᄃ৸ ѩ۞჌୉˵̙ТĂऱҹཏफϔߏͨӀˠࠎ͹វĂ৸كऄ۞ᓑᘭ̙֭૜̷Ă ऄफϔ݋ߏ֧ࠟκҘֲˠࠎ͹វĄ΁ࣇ۞ᙯܼాඕ͹ࢋߏᗕ͞࠰ѣࠎᇴி ҝд৸ҘᜋĂٕߏऱҹཏफᄃ৸ऄ۞ᗁᒚྤ໚ăିֈྤ໚ᄃಫاк۞̳ϔ ࠻Ă৸ऄᄃ৸Ҙᜋ۞ጳ߆ᙯܼྵֽڶې৸ҘᜋĄଂ၁ᅫٺચ͹ࢋֽҋڇវ ,࿰ზĞCrocombe & Crocombeعࠎ૜̷Ă৸Ҙᜋ೩ֻ˞৸ऄ̂ࡗ 75%۞߆ ಴ࢦĂЇң۞̶·זצυืڼĂҋϤᓑ༖ᙯܼ˯۞ҋ˯ڼ37ğĄд߆ :1990 થĞQuentin-Baxter, 1999: 594ğĄם̶·߆ඉ͞९ౌυืགྷ࿅ᗕ͞۞ ˢऱҹཏफĂјࠎऱҹཏफ˘ొЊĂГৼˢ৸Ҙᜋͳ઼ડĂѩ׀৸ऄд 1901 ѐజٺϤ 5 ҜลĂऱҹཏफѣ৸Ҙᜋͳ઼ᓁ༛ᄃࡻ઼̃ͳ΃ܑĂטҋϤᓑ༖ᙯܼ۞ጳ߆វז၁ᇆᜩְ ৸ऄ่ѣᓁ༛Ă֭൑ࡻ઼̃ͳ΃ܑĄ҃ ăௐ 3 ഇĞ2020/ࡌ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 98 טăҋϤᓑ༖ᙯܼ۞ጳ߆វ˘ ᙯܼѣᙷҬ఍Ă˵ֱ຋̙Т۞मטऱҹཏफă৸ऄᄃ৸Ҙᜋ۞ጳ߆វ Ă̶ొ˘۞ڱ९Ļߏ৸Ҙᜋϲڱڱள఍Ąऱҹཏफ۞ 1964 ѐĺऱҹཏफጳ ऱҹٺĂ՟ѣЇңְଐΞͽᇆᜩ৸Ҙᜋ̃ͳĞӈࡻ઼̃ͳğ၆˭ڱдѩጳ Ă૟ᆹҖ఺ֱᖚయޢથםཏफ۞ᖚయĂ৸Ҙᜋᓁநᄃऱҹཏफ۞ᓁநд ĞFirth, 1989: 77ğĄ̙࿅Ăдᄃ৸Ҙᜋ۞ጳ߆ᙯܼ˭Ăऱҹཏफᄃ৸ऄౌΞ ऱҹཏफᄃ৸ऄౌຐ௲ᗓ৸ҘᜋĂҋϤᓑ༖఺ᆸጳ߆ڍͽҋϤгᗓฟĂт ᙯܼග̟ऱҹཏफᄃ৸ऄ˘࣎ᖎಏ۞ՎូಶΞͽјࠎ͹ᝋ፾ϲ۞઼छ ĞFirth, 1989: 78ğĄ γזĂϤफᑎᅳ˿ొ೩̿ܝ৸Ҙᜋ࢑య఍நऱҹཏफᄃ৸ऄְચ۞ొ ˘ࢵѨјࠎޢѐ 8 ͡ 4 ͟ᄃ৸ҘᜋҋϤᓑ༖ 1965 ٺĄऱҹཏफొٽϹ׶෶ ߏफᑎᅳ˿ొĞDepartment ofܝ࢑యऱҹཏफ۞ొعॡĂ৸Ҙᜋ߆֣ڼ࣎ҋ ֣ڼѐ 10 ͡ 19 ͟ᄃ৸ҘᜋҋϤᓑ༖ࠎҋ 1974 ٺIsland TerritoriesğĄ৸ऄ ॡĂफᑎᅳ˿ొ̙̏ೇхдĂι۞ᖚయொϹගͨӀˠ׶फᑎְચొ۞फᑎ ᅳ˿ࡊĞIsland Territories Unit in the Department of Maori and Island ૟࢑య఍நҋϤᓑ༖۞ҋϤ֣ᖚعAffairsğĄ1974 ѐ 11 ͡ 8 ͟Ă৸Ҙᜋ߆ ķొٽԼЩࠎĶγϹ׶෶ֽޢయொϹගγϹొĞMinistry of Foreign AffairsĂ ĞMinistry of Foreign Affairs and TradeğĞQuentin-Baxter, 2008: 612ğĄ ৸Ҙᜋᄃऱҹཏफă৸ऄ۞ҋϤᓑ༖ሀёдЪүူҡ̝มܲ঻˞ࢦࢋ ٚᄮ઼छ̮ࢵ̪൒ߏ৸Ҙᜋ۞̃ͳੳڱጳ۞֣ڼඕĈĞ1ğҋాޘטጳ߆۞ ٚᏚĂعˠϔֶ׎ᝋӀ̪൒ߏ৸Ҙᜋ̳ϔćĞ3ğ৸Ҙᜋ߆֣ڼćĞ2ğҋ˭
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