Appendix: The Canberra Draft and Later Revisions Deletions from the original draft are shown in er!lstlre t)pe and the subsequent revisions, insisted on by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, are shown in italics. Minor changes to American spelling were also made and some letters capitalized. DRAFf TREATY (For consideration by the Governments of Australia, New Zealand and the United States of America) The Parties to this Treaty, Reaffirming their faith in the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and their desire to live in peace with all peoples and all Governments, and desiring to strengthen the fabric of peace in the Pacific Area, Noting that the United States already has arrangements pursuant to which its armed forces are stationed in the Philippines, and has armed forces and administrative responsibilities in the Ryukyus, and upon the coming into force of the Japanese Peace Treaty may also station armed forced in and about Japan to assist in the preservation of peace and security in the Japan area, Recognizing that Australia and New Zealand as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations have military obligations outside as well as within the Pacific Area, Desiring to declare publicly and formally their sense of unity, so that no potential aggressor could be under the illusion that any of them stand alone in the Pacific Area, and Desiring further to coordinate their efforts for collective defence for the preservation of peace and security pending the development of a more com­ prehensive system of regional security in the Pacific Area, Therefore declare and agree as follows: ARTICLE I The Parties undertake, as set forth in the Charter of the United Nations, to settle any international disputes in which they may be involved by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security and justice are not endangered and to refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force in any manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations. 406 Appendix 407 ARTICLE II In order more effectively to achieve the objectives of this Treaty the Par­ ties separately and jointly by means of continuous and effective self-help and mutual aid will maintain and develop their individual and collective capacity to resist armed attack. ARTICLE III The Parties will consult together whenever in the opinion of any of them the territorial integrity, political independence or security of any of the Parties is threatened in the Pacific. ARTICLE IV Each Party recognises that an armed attack in the Pacific area on any of the Parties would be dangerous to its own peace and safety and declares that it would act to meet the common danger in accordance with its consti­ tutional processes. Any such armed attack and all measures taken as a result thereof shall be immediately reported to the Security Council of the United Nations. Such measures shall be terminated when the Security Council has taken the measures necessary to restore and maintain international peace and security. ARTICLE V For the purpose of Article IV, an armed attack on any of the Parties is deemed to include an armed attack on the metropolitan territory of any of the Parties, or on the island territories under its jurisdiction in the Pacific or on its armed forces, public vessels or aircraft in the Pacific. ARTICLE VI This Treaty does not affect and shall not be interpreted as affecting any way the rights and obligations of the parties under the Charter of the United Nations or the responsibility of the United Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security. ARTICLE VII The Parties hereby establish a Council on ~">hieh eaeh of thern shall be represented consisting of their Foreign Ministers or their Deputies, to con­ sider matters concerning the implementation of this Treaty. The Council shall be so organised as to be able to meet ptont!'tl) at an) tinte and ntlt) set ttl' stteh sttbsidiat) bodies as mit) be neeess!lr) to 11eeomplish its l'ttrl'oses at any time. 408 Appendix ARTICLE VIII The P!IIties reeognise th!lt this Tre!lt) m!l) be ntore effeeti vel) intl'lemented in !lssoei!ltion ~ ith other St!ltes !lnd grotti'S of St!ltes not l'!lrties to this Treaty. Pending the development of a more comprehensive system of regional security in the Pacific Area and the development by the United Nations of more effective means to maintain international peace and security, [t]he Council, established by Article VII, sh!!ll therefore is authorised to maintain the elos est I'Ossible rel!ltious 11 ith !lnd eonsttlt ~ ith other St!ltes a consultative re­ lationship with States, Regional Organizations, Associations of States or other authorities in the Pacific Area in a position to further the purposes of this Treaty and to contribute to the security of that Area. The Cottneil sh!!ll !!lso eo ordin!lte its l'l!lnning so f!lr !IS I'Ossible with th!lt of other region!! I org!ln iS!Itions !lnd !lssoei!ltions of St!ltes of ~hieh one or ntore of the P!lrties !Ire mernbers. ARTICLE IX This treaty shall be ratified by the Parties in accordance with their re­ spective constitutional processes. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited as soon as possible with the Government of Australia, which will notify each of the other signatories of such deposit. The Treaty shall enter into force as soon as the ratifications of the signatories have been deposited. ARTICLE X This Treaty shall remain in force indefinitely. Any Party may cease to be a member of the Council established by Article VII one year after notice has been given to the Government of Australia, which will inform the Govern­ ments of the other Parties of the deposit of such notice. ARTICLE XI This Treaty in the English language shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of Australia. Duly certified copies thereof will be transmitted by that Government to the Governments of each of the other signatories. IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have signed this Treaty. DONE at this __ day of ___ 1951. CANBERRA, 17 February, 1951. Filed with memo. by Ralph Harry, 15 Feb. 1951 in AA: CRS Al838 25017/10 List of Abbreviations and Location of Primary Sources AA Australian Archives, Canberra CRS Commonwealth Record Series A 462 Prime Ministers department A 621 Southeast Asia A 816 Department of Defence correspondence A 1838 Department of External Affairs correspondence AA 1971 Council of Defence minutes A 2031 Defence Committee minutes A 3094 Pacific Pact A 4311 Canberra Conference A 4638 Cabinet A 4940 Cabinet Agenda A 5954 Shedden defence papers A 5460 Pacific Pact A 5461 Anzus ABC American-British-Canadian meetings AJHR Appendix to the Journals of the [New Zealand] House of Rep­ resentatives BDEE British Documents on the End of Empire, Series A, The Labour Government and the end of the Empire 1945-51 (London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1992) ccs Combined Chiefs of Staff [United States and British] Washington CIGS Chief of the [British] Imperial General Staff cos Chiefs of Staff CPD [Australian] Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates DNZER Documents on New Zealand External Relations, 3 vols (Wel­ lington: Government Printer, 1972, 1982, 1985) DO British Cabinet Defence Committee papers (see PRO for cor­ respondence of the Commonwealth Relations Office DO series) EA [New Zealand] Department of External Affairs and Prime Min­ ister's Department records FMM [Commonwealth] Foreign Ministers' Meetings FRUS Foreign Relations of the United States (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, various dates) HJCOS The History of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: the Joint Chiefs of Staff and National Policy, 4 vols (Wilmington, Del.: Michael Glazier, 1979, 1980) JCOSA Joint Chiefs of Staff Australia organization JCS [United States] Joint Chiefs of Staff JFDOHC John Foster Dulles Oral History Collection, Seely G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University Library 409 410 Abbreviations JPS [United States] Joint Planning Staff JPWC [United States] Joint Post-War Committee JSO [New Zealand] Joint Services Organization files, Defence Head­ quarters, Wellington JSPC [United States] Joint Strategic Planning Committee JSPG [United States] Joint Strategic Planning Group JSSC [United States] Joint Strategic Surveys Committee MELF [British] Middle East Land Forces NZMoFAT New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade Library, Wellington NZNA New Zealand National Archives, Wellington NZPD New Zealand Parliamentary Debates NSC [United States] National Security Council P&O [United States War Department] Plans and Operations records PM Prime Minister PMM [Commonwealth] Prime Ministers' Meetings PPS Policy Planning Staff, State Department, Washington PRO [British] Public Record Office, Kew, London CAB 21 Cabinet registered files CAB 65 Cabinet conclusions CAB 128 Cabinet conclusions CAB 129 Cabinet memoranda CAB 131 Defence Committee CAB 133 Commonwealth and International Conferences CAB 134 Cabinet Committees DEFE 4 Chiefs of Staff Committee minutes DEFE 5 Chiefs of Staff Committee memoranda DEFE 6 Reports of the Joint Planning Staff DEFE 7 Defence registered files, general DO 35 Commonwealth Relations Office correspondence FO 371 Foreign Office, general correspondence, political WO 216 Chief of the Imperial General Staff papers SANACC [United States] State-Army-Navy-Air Force Co-ordinating Com­ mittee SSCR [British] Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations SSDA [British] Secretary of State for Dominion's Affairs SWNCC [United States] State-War-Navy Co-ordinating Committee UKHC United Kingdom High Commissioner UKSLS United Kingdom Services Liaison Staff USNA United States National Archives, Washington, DC RG Record Group RG 59 Department of State decimal files RG 218 Combined Chiefs of Staff and Joint Chiefs of Staff records; papers of the JCS Chairmen RG 319 War Department records Notes PROLOGUE I.