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DIARY OF GRACE GKOWDEN GALLOWAY, KEPT AT PHILADELPHIA, JULY 1, TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1779*

Edited by RAYMOND C. WERNER, A.M., Ph.D. Department of History, University of Illinois

* Since the publication of the Diary of Grace Growden Gal- loway, June 17, 1778, to July 1, 1779, with an Introduction and Notes by Dr. Werner, in the Magazine (LV. 32-94), the Society has purchased the original. Editor of the Magazine,

July, 1779 Thursday ye 1th I was taken very ill in [sic] at Noon and obliged to Lay down Sent for Neighbour Zanes1 & when she came was So low & faint that I was ready to give out; talked freely to her of My situation [&] that I was Afraid to die & till I couM be brought to forgive My enimies & put re- liance in Nothing but a Divine being I cou'd Not be happy She encouraged Me & roused Me from that Dejection of spirits & I got Up & eat some cake & Drank [;] after which I was better; it was a rainy afternoon & Owen Jones came to talk with Me About My estate as I sent for him & I find he wou'd not advise Me to buy as I may be drawn into many difficulties: & thought Nothing can be done but waiting with patience: young Joe redman Drank tea with Me & Owen & Debby2 I am now come to a resolution of leting [sic] it go without Dispute. 1 Mrs. Isaac Zanes. 2 Mrs. Deborah Morris with whom Mrs. Galloway lodged after being ejected from her home by the republican authorities. Diary of Grace Growden Galloway 153

Friday y* 2d Mrs. Craig/ betsay Johns, Mrs. Cox4 & Nancy redman Drank tea with Me I was tolerable Chearful but My dear child is Never out of My Mind am Afraid things go wrong in England & that No troops will come in this Year Mr Chew5 here in ye evening & Isaac Morris at last he went away & Mr Chew & I had a Deal of talk he told Me if I did not [inte?]nd to stay [,] laying a Claim to My Estate Wou'd be of No Use for by so doing I made Myself a subject of ye state & they wou'd Not let Me go away this an[d] Other reasons made Me lay aside all hopes of redress I find chew has little hopes of y6 English doing anything but I [he?] treated Me better than sometimes & behaved friendly I think of going to N york begining of September I am very Uneasey about My child & J G

Saturday ye 3d very hot weather sat by My- self ye whole day & am Just distres'd for want of exercise Dr Chovet6 in ye evening he advised Me to be bleed as I am fearful of fitts from a Disorder in My head but as I have fevers it may 6 Mrs. Craig was a cousin of Joseph Galloway's. (Sir Charles Burton's notes.) *Mrs. Daniel Coxe? On 17 December, 1778, Daniel Coxe wrote Gallo- way as follows: "Mrs. Coxe, in her last to me, mentions having seen Mrs. Galloway very well, and tho' happy at the thoughts of you and Miss Galloway having sailed for England [October, 1778], lamented her amiable Daughter's absence very pathetically. . . ." {Historical Magazine, First Series, V. 359.) Daniel Coxe was a wealthy citizen of New Jersey and a member of the legislature under the old administration. With the opening of the Revolution he fled to the British and was accordingly attainted. He was a faithful correspondent of Galloway's. {New Jersey Archives, Second Series, III. passim, especially 7 note, and 362 note; also, Force Miscellaneous Manuscripts in the Library of Congress.) 8 Benjamin Chew (1722-1810) was one of the most prominent lawyers of the day. He had read the law with Andrew Hamilton and later had studied at the Middle Temple. He had been attorney-general and member of the Council in the Proprietary Government. When, after the Declara- tion of Independence, he did not show sufficient patriotism he was arrested but soon after paroled. He later became judge of the Court of Errors and x4ippeals, and Chief Justice of Pennsylvania. Tory spirits were at low ebb in the summer of 1779. Howe's ill-success in conquering America and the evacuation of Philadelphia had dashed their hopes. 6 Dr. Abraham Chovet (1704-1790) was one of the most outstanding anatomists and physicians of his day. He had studied in France and England and was a foreign-brother of the Company of Barber-Surgeons of London. He practised in Barbadoes and Jamaica whence he fled to Philadelphia in 1774, on a threatened uprising of the blacks. 154 Diary of Grace Growden Galloway

proceed for that I have been long in a bad state of health & struggled hard to keep about Debby supped with Me My Mind will Never be at rest till I hear from England

Sunday ye 4th was better today ye weather very Hot Nancy and beckey Jones & polly Wharton/ & Mrs Eedman drank tea with me I was very Chearful & better then I have been for some time I talked to them of ye slighting treatment of those that wanted to impose themselves as friends but was it to save My life wou'd not lend me a Carriage to ride out but if there was a sick horse I was sure to be informed of it tho they [ne]er offered me to ride till something happened that they couM not [overlook?] me Debby & I supped to- gether. Monday ye 5th Nicholas Walln8 sent his Car- riage to take Me out [it] was violent hot but Debby & I went to frankfort & came home ye [MS. torn] road; I think I never enjoyed a ride so much in My life everything look[ed] so pleasent & ye fresh Air revived Me: we saw A. James9 on y6 road by his house; he look[ed] rather grave but told me my mother in law had Dower granted her & that it was no matter to Me as they cou'd Not sell My land :10 but said he did not know how to advise me but thought My friends in England as well as here wou'd be best pleased if I did not Ask any thing of these people Upon ye whole [,] I find Neither Abel [James] John Thompson Nor Ned Penington11 or [are?] either Mine or J G [*s] friends. ye Eide did Me Much Good My spirits had No lang[u]or this evening TMary (?) Wharton (1755-1784), daughter of Thomas Wharton. She married Owen Jones, Jr. (Wharton, Anne H., "The Wharton Family," Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, I. 455.) 8Nicholas Wain, Quaker, had studied law at the Temple (London) and became the partner of William Lewis. Overcome with contrition after having won what he believed to be an unjust cause, he retired from the law and devoted himself to religious work. (Scharf, J, T., and Westcott, Thompson, History of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 1884, III. 1526-1527.) 9 Abel James, Quaker and prominent merchant and partner of Henry Drinker in the firm of James & Drinker. It was to this firm that the tea was consigned. He was one of those seized by the provincial au- thorities on Howe's approach. 10 This, without question refers to Mrs. Galloway's mother, Mrs. Lawrence Growden. On 6 December, 1779, she was granted maintenance of £650 per annum, in lieu of an annuity under the terms of her husband's will, from the properties willed to Mrs. Galloway. ("Diary of Grace Growden Galloway," Pennsylvania Magazine, LV. 74, and note; 86, and note. Pennsylvania Colonial Records, XII. 77-78.) 11 Edward Penington. Diary of Grace Growden Galloway 155

Tusday y6 6th Never was a Hotter spell of weather & I went to Zanes to Ask Hannah Pemberton12 to lend Me her Carriage but the fellow was Not at home & she was so Cold about; it that I wished I had not asked [it] of her yet these people pretends to pitty [sic] Me yet can see Me ill for want of that excercise [sic] which they have in their power but not in their inclination to grant tho others they can oblige No very agreeable evening oh that I eou'd hear from J G & my dear Child as to politicks there is Nothing but silent Gloom for Us No News

Wednessday y6 7th sent to Nicklas [Wain] for his Chariot sent me word was engaged, but in y° afternoon he sent it & I ealPd on Becky Shoemaker13 & we rid to her place she is very friendly: I had no resolution to go to our place she came back to tea but when I had put her down [at her door] I went to Tommy Whartons he was very glad to see Me but he cannot converse tho he expressed every sign to regard14 to [sic] told Me he did not Doubt but [that] every thing wou'd yet go well very hot to day but a good Air in Riding but if I have a little pleasure it is Checked by the Thought of My dearest Child & her father & y6 Uncertainty of our [fu]ture fate for they now are never from my thoughts I am only wounded [MS. torn] God Almighty protect & Guard them & that we may enjoy each others company once More is the great Desire of my soul Debby supp'd with Me smith15 as Usual to look on had a bad Night rest "Wife of John Pemberton (1727-1795), a prominent merchant and Quaker preacher. He was one of those arrested and sent to Winchester. 1B Wife of Samuel Shoemaker, Quaker and prominent merchant. He held numerous offices under the Proprietary Government. He was a pronounced loyalist and withdrew to New York with the British army and remained there until 1783, when he went to England. In New York, he exerted himself untiringly in behalf of American prisoners. He was later permitted to return to his home in Philadelphia. ("A Pennsyl- vania Loyalist's Interview with George III.," Pennsylvania Magazine, II. 35-39.) "Thomas Wharton (1730-1782). He had acquired a large fortune in trade and had been intimate with Galloway. Partner in the firm of Baynton, Wharton, and Morgan. Like many other Quakers, he sym- pathized with the American cause but withdrew his support when an appeal was made to arms. In 1776, he was exiled to Virginia and his estate was confiscated. He had suffered a paralytic stroke early in 1779. (Wharton, Anne H., "Wharton Family," Pennsylvania Magazine, I. 329; Werner, Raymond C, "Diary of Grace Growden Galloway," ibid., LV. 67, 75.) 15 William Smith. Quaker. He was one of those seized in December, 1776, and confined in the Freemasons' Lodge and later to his house. He was a broker. {Pennsylvania Colonial Records, XL 32, 284; Pennsylvania Archives, V. 106, 145.) 156 Diary of Grace Growden Galloway

Thursday ye 8th at home all day Sam Wal- lace Drank tea with Debby she went out after [that] I sat by Myself Nothing remarkable. but Chew forgets to yet me know ye result of his Considering of My affairs. [MS. torn and illegible] Nothing New the poor are allways friendless I despise it a Company at ye Door at Night Debby & I sup[p]ed together; was very sick at Night Friday ye 9th waked before 4 o clock by a Thunder Ghust got Up found [ ?] Myself very Unwell cou'd get No good sleep after My Nerves much [?] affected, & I was very Unwell: went to Neighbour Zanes & [sat with?] her till after six Tommy Morris came & took me out in his [chariot ?] was very low & Hysterical Debby & I supped together am very [unwell from ?] want of hearing from My dear child No News Saturday ye 10 had very bad Night & was very Unwell; saw Neighbour Zanes there is somthing so honest & blunt in that plain woman that I prefer her company to most others I think her good & she has No cant but is rough and open Liddy Eichee came in to see Me but she talked so Loud & so Much & my spirits was very low that I was glad when the Visit was ended her Mother wants Me to come to their House but I beg'd to be excused for No Change of Circumstances will alter My Opinion of people I think Not good; I was taken with ye Cholic & forced to take Phisick, & was on ye bed till Noon Dr Chovet CalPd in ye evening he advises me to be bled which I intend to to toMorrow I am in a poor state of health & never wanted to see my dear Child & J G as Much in My life I hope providence will Grant my prayer of a Happy Meeting with them Debby supped with Me Sunday -f 11th Weaked [sic] before five but was very Unwell & restless got-Up[,] walk about [,] had My bed Made [,] & went to bed again at last I fell asleep all Confused but was refreshed by it Got Up Late it rainM sent for Jacob & was bled ye blood thick as leather & Fozey am glad it is over gave Jacob a hard Dollar [;] he was much pleased [oh?] that I cou'd hear from my family [—] is there No good in store for me Neighbour smith sat some time with Me in ye evening Debby supp'd with Me; a Thunder Ghust after Night I am very Unwell oh that I cou'd hear from My dearest Child & J G that they are Happy & well in every respect [may] God Almighty look on them & Make them all he wishes them to be & Grant Me a share of his Love with them Monday ye 12th took an Anodine last Night [;] rested better: but was in Pain & Unwell all day ye weather cold, & raw after ye rain Mrs Eedman & Neighbour smith Drank tea with Me; Debby & I supped by ourselves Bill Diary of Grace Growden Galloway 157

Turner & Wife here at Night I treated them Cooly [sic] as I like no such familiar Visits from such people had a [illegi- ble] at Night & very much disordered No News from England what can I do.

Tusday y> 13th weather very cold Mrs. Graves came soon after Mrs Chew, & sally, with little Harriet, after Mrs White16 & young John Lawrence;16* .& Hannah Wharton17 Chews behaved as Usual on ye [illegible] & Observation but as their treatment of Me plainly shows that they laugh at Me with others I care little how they behave but Mrs White was the person I had ye most regard for tho her son & daughter are both My enimies [ ,] yet old friendship will keep its hold. Debby & I & Neighbour smith supped together on Debby's Veal I find Myself no way pleased with ye Tory part of My company but they went soon

Wednessday y6 14th sat a little with Neighbour Smith it was Cold & cloudy John Thompson Drank tea with Me I fairly told him I did not expect either Abel or him to do anything for me but I did look on Abel as My friend from his own offers, & know not that I had done anything to make him so cold to me Now: I think I talked to[o] much as my spirts ware [sic] good: but I observed Thompson said Noth- ing to approve J G['s] conduct & this silence to me Appears very TTn, [forgiving?] tho he behaves well to Me but his whole company is with those who do not esteem JG I wish I cou'd Not talk so Much [;] paid him a Eleven & 3d for one Gallon of spirits he wouM not have been paid but I wou'd Make him take it; supped by Myself. 16 Most likely Jane White, wife of Robert White, "an attainted Traytor belonging to this State*'. (Pennsylvania Colonial Records, XII. 199.) Mrs. White, in 1779, was discovered to be one of the numerous Philadel- phians illegally trading to New York. Vessels, frequently loaded with lumber was in great demand in New York, sailed from Philadelphia for foreign ports and allowed themselves to be captured by British cruisers. The officers were promptly exchanged and, with the proceeds from the lumber sales, they purchased English goods which found their way to the American lines where they were collusively seized by the American officers, transported in government wagons, and finally reached Phila- delphia. The case against Mrs. White seems to have been dropped. (Ibid., 206-207; Scharf and Westcott, op cit., I. 412-413; New Jersey Archives, Second Series, III. 33-34, IV. 113.) Wa Commissioned Justice of the Supreme Court by John Penn, 1767. In 1777, he was arrested and paroled. In 1778, he was charged with treason, tried, and condemned to death, but pardoned. (Pennsylvania Colonial Records, XI. 219, 525, 526, 566, 589, 674.) " Hannarh Wharton (1753- ), daughter of Thomas Wharton. The Ship Mary of Philadelphia, 1740 149 thirty points for the wind, the wonders I can see would make you blind. I fear the sea no more than a dish of water." It was Eichard Brithwait who wrote, in 1631, in "Whimzies", "The bredth of an inch-boord is be- twixt him and drowning, yet hee swears and drinks as deeply as if hee were a fathom from it. Hee is most constant to his shirt, and other his seldome washed linnen." The writer Sir Thomas Overbury, who died in 1613, characterized the sailor of that time as "a pitched piece of reason, caulked and tackled, and only studied to dispute with tempests, a f aire wind the sub- stance of his creed, and fresh water the burden of his prayers; his language is a new confusion—his body and his ship are both one burden, nor is it known who stows most wine, or rolls most, only the ship is guided." And these same characterizations doubtless held good a century later when Flexney's Mary sailed her courses, for there was never a ship without her pessimist, or bad man, who created his own candidacy for the "grating and the cat" at the hands of the mate and whose duties were made more mildless than others, to satisfy his attitude. Such matters were items for the "remarks", and no ship's log would be complete with- out them. Eeverting to the specifications of the ship Mary, it will be noted that the distance between decks was four feet, possibly increased to four feet six inches, which would not provide "head-room" for the accommoda- tion of crew or passengers, but would provide for the dry stowage of perishable cargo, in addition to the space in the hold for the "lowstow" of ballast, water casks and other commodities. The forward and after parts of the vessel known as the forecastle, and officers quarters astern would have been so constructed as to provide enough head-room by utilizing the forward and after portions of the main deck including its four- foot space and forming the required superstructures at 158 Diary of Grace Growden Galloway

Thursday ye 15th Neighbour Jones & her daugh- ter foulk to see Debby & I was forsed [sic] to set [sic] with them but they stay'd not the after Noon but Jo Morrises Wife & Nelly fisher came in & drank tea with Debby: Thomas Stapler came to see Me for a little time after tea came Mrs Lawrence She is very friendly to me and quit[e] sanguin[e] with relation to our Cause: Sukey Owen here in the evening. I am quite jaded out & dead for [lack of] exercise No News from my dear Child [;] I am Uneasey Supped by Myself very Unwell Friday ye 16th the Two Mra Bonds18 & Betsay Allen19 Drank tea with Me I treated T Bonds wife very coldly & took no Notice that she had not been to See Me so long for I now think her below Contempt went after to foulks with Isaac Morris & Debby they Made Me walk round a squear [;] I feel better for it but I am Uneasy that I cannot hear from England & know not how to Act sup[p]ed Alone Saturday y* 17th sat with Neighbour Zanes ye afternoon in ye evening came peggy & betsay Johns I talked to them of ye cruilty of those who pretended to be My friends in Not talkeing me out to ride as they knew My life allmost depended on it & said there was a Confederacy among them but I despised it & if there was a sick [illegible] or Dead horse I was informed of it that one wou'd think I was farrier General of ye province but perhaps I may yet look down on them that exulted over me poor peg Oswald [;] how I despised the little souPd [fauning ?] Creature: went with Isaac Morris20 & the Two Girls to Shoemakers She was Not at Home [;] stay'd but little ye Girls went home & Issac & I came [back home] by ourselves he wou'd Not eat with Me I supped alone Sunday y* 18th Neighbour Jones & becky drank tea with Me I spoke very freely of the peoples slighty be- havour [sic] to Me & said I was More hurt by the Tory's be-

18 The wives of Drs. Thomas and Phineas Bond. "J. A. D." writing to Joseph Galloway in December, 1778, said: ". . . Doctor Bond and his family have proved themselves her true Friends, and was exerting him- self in procuring the Estate for her." (Historical Magazine, First Series, V. 360-361.) Drs. Thomas and Phineas Bond were the sons of Richard and Eliza (Chew) Bond. Thomas completed his medical education in Europe and began to practice in Philadelphia about 1734; and was joined a few years later by his brother Phineas. He gained fame as a surgeon. Phineas, noted for his British sympathies, was appointed British consul at Philadelphia in 1791, and held that post until the war of 1812. 19 Daughter of Andrew Allen. *> Isaac Morris, prominent Quaker and merchant. Diary of Grace Growden Galloway 159 havour then y6 wigs: I ennumerated the various insults I re- ceived at last came in Chovet & after him Craig he behaved friendly but tis dreadful to be kept in ones house for days together but I am to be humbly thankful that thiey deign to Visit Me: & am Not to expect they shou'd send for Me to see ye insides of theirs Craig supped with Me & was very friendly am rather low he wanted Me to put in My Claim went into Smiths, & sum[m]ed Up all the Conduct of ye english [illegible] war & was very angry with them Tom West21 there he said Nothing but is as mad with them as I am: am fearful I talked to free but they do Nothing for our [ ?] reliefe & the Army in- stead of protecting their friends are Courting their enemies [;] Nothing but pleasure attended to by them22

Monday y* 19th was very Unwell[,] had no Eest last Night & a great fever [,] am extreemly low [;] did not rise till late and then heard y* fort at stonny Point was taken by Waine23 & basely given Up by Johnston [—]24 every thing I think is over with Us :25 Molly polls26 came home this evening; Sidney howell Just came over but I cou'd No[t] ask her to stay I was two ill good NaturM Isaac Morris wou'd make me go to ye end of ye Court with her I supped by myself [,] if to set & eat in public is to be calFd so Smith generally attends at that Time his wife sat at y* door with me Took an Anodine at Night.

Tusday y* 20th went to smiths Eynolds wife there she seems a low good Natur'd woman I was tiar'd of y6 Company talked to her Husband and young Owen Jones;

21 Thomas West, brewer. 22 The Loyalists, as a whole, were convinced that if Howe and the other generals had consistently kept the field and compelled Washington to fight that America could have been saved to the Empire. They could not understand how ". . . 24,000 of the best troops in the world" could allow themselves to be "shut up within their lines by 15,000, at most, of poor wretches, illy paid, badly fed, and worse clothed. . . ." (Force Miscellaneous Mss. Letters, 1778-1779.) 28 Major-General Anthony Wayne of the Pennsylvania line. 24 Sir Henry Johnson, Bart. (1748-1835). He at this time commanded the 17th Regiment of Foot. He later saw service in Ireland. He married Rebecca Franks of Philadelphia. 25 The capture of Stony Point was the only action of consequence in the north during the year. The British loss was 63 killed, 543 prisoners, and a large amount of ordnance and stores. (Fortescue, J. W., History of the British Army, London, 1911, III. 288; Stille*, Charles J., Major General Wayne and the Pennsylvania Line in the Continental Army, Philadelphia, 1893, 196.) 26 This was the young niece living with Mrs. Deborah Morris. 160 Diary of Grace Growden Galloway am Vex'd & Just ready to give everything over for lost oh that I cou'd hear from My dear Child & her father the King's greates[t] enemies ar[e] his own Armies am better today but much Discomposed & took Physick in ye Morning

Wednesday ye 21st Mr Wallace Changed a Moi- dore27 for Me at Twenty but I did not see him, Molly Craig & Peggy Johns Drank tea with me I told them I though all was over & independency wou'd be granted for the disposition of the Army was such that they betrayed their best friends [,] their King & Country & then said I wou'd go home for if I stayed here if I wanted a Morsal [sic] of Bread I had not friends to give it Me & said so much of their good friends that I know they will carry the tale as they have done others, am very bad in ye Cholic Neighbour smith sat with Me in the evening Nothing but pain & Misery for Me oh that I cou'd hear [from home?]

Thursday y* 22 sat with Neighbour smith in y* afternoon very dull went with Nurse to betsay Jones she say[s] she can sell My Glasses the fort is evacuated & distroy'd by ye Continentals 80 ton of Powder & 15 brass Can- non, with other Arms & great quantity of stores is taken away Johnston & five hundred Men prisners [sic] tis thought it was basely given Up Ben Chew they think is veering as he is Complisant [sic] to Congress folks [—] even to Dr Shippen28 I am not surprised at it but he will Not throw of [f] ye Mask till he thinks all is over for his Cridit [sic] or ye other side is very low: tis the British only that Cause these Double faces [—] ye other dispises [sic] them I am not well butt better & more spirits

Friday y6 23d went to neighbour Zanes sally [illegible] a swelPd face Hannah Pemberton there they are now very fond of Me & treat me kindly & like a friend, was sent for home to Mrs Cox & Nancy redman; Grace Bucannen [blot] sat a bit with us I find Eedmans are at a loss what

27 Moidore, a Portuguese coin equivalent to $6.55 at the normal rate of exchange. 28 This may refer to either the elder or the younger Dr. William Ship- pen. The elder Shippen (1712-1801) was one of the founders and trus- tees of the College of New Jersey, vice-president of the Philosophical Society, and first physician to the Pennsylvania Hospital. He was a delegate to the Continental Congress, 1778-1780. The younger Shippen (1735-1808) graduated from Princeton in 1754, studied medicine under his father, and later abroad. He entered the Medical Department of the Continental army in 1776, and was Director-General, 1777-1781. Diary of Grace Growden Galloway 161 to think & Mrs Cox is afraid of being sent away as they say we all shall be sent [to] New York I am easey about it Debby supped with me I went with her as far as Sammy Emlins & calPd in there bad at Night [—] to [ok] anodine

Saturday y* 24 sat in My room till late in y6 afternoon Rhode out with Debby in Nicholass Wain's Car- riage am very happy in y6 Neighbour hood [—] they all respect & love Me Nothing Makes Me Uneasey but on J G's & My Childs account if they are happy I am so too

Sunday y* 25th it rain'd all Day went to Neighbour Zanes they treated me Kindly & I am better satis- fied with her than any where else. Debby & smiths Wife came there I was very poorly at Dark but they rub[b]ed me & talked to me till I got better [—] then we talked in a serious way & Neighbour Zanes wou'd hardly part with me it rain'd very hard when I came home to supper: & after Debby wou'd read James Naylor's History to me I was Disgusted with her [il- legible] seeing things to far & cou'd [ ?] not attend to it

Monday ye 26th a Town meeting to day29 all in Confusion very rainy & showery all Day I never saw such a day before the two Cliftons drank tea with me I was heavy & Dull & had no pleasure in company but am forced to keep Up a great fuss about Whitehead Humphries30 [,] Gen Cad- waleder31 [&] bob Morris32 28 The Town Meeting of the twenty-sixth, after approving plans for stopping the further emission of paper money, for raising a revenue by popular subscription, and agreeing to the association for regulating prices, adjourned to the following day and confined itself to laying plans for a new committee to enforce the association. (Pennsylvania Journal, 28 July, 1779.) 80 Listed in the tax records of 1780 as a steel manufacturer. During the Revolution he received financial assistance from the Supreme Ex- ecutive Council to enable him to set up a plant for the manufacture of steel. "John Cadwalader (1742-1786) was the son of Dr. Thomas Cad- walader. He took an active part in the Revolution on the popular side and was a member of the Philadelphia Committee of Safety. He was captain of the City Troop and rose to the rank of brigadier-general in the Pennsylvania militia. He played a prominent part in the Battles of Trenton and Princeton and in the Philadelphia Campaign. 82 Robert Morris (1734-1806) was born in Liverpool, England, and came to Philadelphia in 1747, where he distinguished himself as a mer- chant. He was a conservative Whig. He was a member of the Continental Congress, 1775-1778, and supervised the country's finances and, in 1781, organized the Bank of Pennsylvania; and took part in framing the Con- stitution. As U. S. Senator, he supported Hamilton's financial policies. He later speculated and lost heavily in real estate and died in penury. VOL. LVIII.—11 162 Diary of Grace Growden Galloway

Tusday ye 27th another Town Metting33 [sic] & ye republican Society got the day of Y> Constitutional34 nothing said of us Women to send Us away but I think they are all alike35 Mrs Eedman Drank tea with me [,] indeed she has acted the same part by me throughout ye whole & I think she really loves me but I am Dull & uneasey that no fleet ar- rives had a sheeps head & supped alone Neighbour Zanes here after supper I have more than Common love for this good woman [—] she stills my passions & Calms my soul I have Unity with her & loves her more than [sic~\ almost any other God Grant me a sight of my husband & Child am Now out of Debt.

88 "A meeting was held in the State House yard on July 27 to de- termine the mode of choosing a new Committee. General Cadwalader attempted to address the meeting, but though General Roberdeau de- clared a majority of those present voted to hear him, was prevented by a crowd of about 100 men armed with clubs. Upon this General Cad- walader and a majority of those present went to the yard of the College, where they held another meeting with Robert Morris, Chairman. "Several resolutions were adopted and a committee consisting of Andrew Caldwell, James Wilson, Sharp Delaney, Whitehead Humphries, Ben- jamin Rush, Major David Lenox, and Major Benjamin Eyre was ap- pointed to publish an account of the proceedings." Pennsylvania Gazette, 28 July, 1779, p. 3. 84 The Constitution of 1776 provided a structure of government with an executive so cumbersome, and with a method of revision so fantastical, as to arouse the opposition of the conservatives who attempted, by ob- structionist tactics to prevent its operation. Howe's invasion of Pennsyl- vania placed the question in abeyance for a time but the American reftccupation of the province allowed the reopening of the question. Two parties now appeared. The anti-constitutionalists, or conservatives, led by Clymer, Morris, Mifflin, and Thompson formed the Republican So- ciety, and the constitutionalists, or radicals, erected the Constitutional Society with Charles Wilson Peale as president. The Republican Society labored zealously to have the constitution again submitted to the people and succeeded in having a day set by the legislature for the plebiscite. This move was, however, defeated by the radicals who succeeded in securing 16,000 signatures, out of an electorate of 50,000 or 60,000, to a petition protesting the plebiscite and the legislature, duly impressed, rescinded its action. (Nevins, Allen, The American States During and After the Revolution, N. Y., 1927, 151-156, 184-186.) 85 From time to time the question arose of sending the wives and chil- dren of absent Loyalists within the British lines. No steps in this direc- tion were taken, however, until June, 1780. {Pennsylvania Colonial Records, XII. 377.) Diary of Grace Growden Galloway 163 Wednessday y® 28th a Damp rainny Day was alone till Just Night when Isaac Morris & Dr Chovet36 came in he told me y6 fleet was arrived :37 but is so overbearing & obstinate that there is no bearing with him he is prophane in his dis- course & grown to[o] old to think right but [?] he lowers my spirits rattier than raise them smiths Wife supped with me [—] I cannot be alone am Tiar'd of liveing [sic] so exposed [ ?] can Not be pasi [illegible]

Thursday ye 29th was Not well today y® fleet they say are now arrived hannah foulk & Becky Jones Drank tea with Me Mr. [illegible] Mrs Lawrence & Mrs Allen here in ye evening they [torn] for news but I have none for them Chew very friendly I hope [illegible] [illegible] ear soon [illegible] all I hold dear yet [illegible] not ye good News

Friday ye 30th am in better health today but yet very [much] out of spirits as they do Nothing & y6 Con- tinentals Carrys all before them Becky Shoemaker here in ye evening I told her we ware [all?] sold & that the greatesft] rebels was in y6 Kings army & that we was all ruinM & I gave all for lost am very Uneasey and out of Temper I think the [that?] Col Johnston Deserves to be shot to let 12 hundred men take y6 fort with 600 men it was a greater exploit then [sic] all y6 british army has ever Done

Saturday y 31 sat at smiths a little while Mrs Smith & Willy Drank tea with Me My spirits very low, 380 English prisners brought to town this morning from y® fort [—] No Officers with them: & I hope they will be all broke.88 Mrs Lawrence here in ye even: they all think Me out of heart & I detest the English conduct & think all lost from the English papers I find they out lye y® Wigs & do Nothing but Dream & build Castles in y6 Air If I cou'd but be with My Child I shouM be easeyer as I went Down the alley first one of my Gar- ters came of [I] then the other & I am superstitious enought to fear it bodes me no good Oh that I couM Here from my child 88 Dr. Chovet was somewhat eccentric. During the British occupation he was a Whig but promptly became a Tory on the entry of the Ameri- can Army. (Dictionary of American Biography.) 87 This probably refers to the arrival of Arbuthnot with a considerable reinforcement. This was reported by the New Jersey papers on August 18, which stated that the fleet had "been expected for some time past." (New Jersey Archives, Second Series, III. 560.) 88 "The British prisoners taken at Stoney-Point, arrived at Philadelphia on Friday evening last and were conducted to the new-gaol." (New Jersey Archives, Second Series, III. 538.) 164 Diary of Grace Growden Galloway

& J G oh How[e] how I detest thee30 this month is now ended & I am as Much at a lost whether to go or stay as I was 6 Months ago My feet swells so I can Hardly Move them & My Nerves are so weak fear I cannot Now bear a Voiage & tho I am Declineing for [want of] exercise yet no one will take me out or give me a Meal if I was perishing all y* Notice taken of Me is to come & pump Me for News & talk Me almost to Death oh y* time servers [J how I dispise y*; Neighbour Zanes is.the greatis consolation I have in Her plain rough way [—] I find that Honesty My soul pants after: she soothes my spirits & speaks peace to my soul John Stapler supped with me & I paid him for y** Loaf sugar & am in better spirits than I was oh that I may live to get to england to My dear friends but all is Cloudy & I am wrap[p]ed in impenetrable Darkness [ ;] will it [,] Can it ever be removed & shall I once More belong to sombody [sic] for Now I am like a pelican in y*5 Desert

August ye first Sunday ye 1th was better today & went with Neighbour smith & Debby to see hannah Pemberton: Debby left Us to go to even [ing] Meeting [—] it being quarterly Meet- ing: hannah was very kind to Me & we spent a Grave but Not a Disagreeable afternoon Sally Zanes came home with me: Debby [^s] country friends with her these poor people seems to want to be acquainted with Me and looks at Me with eyes of Curiosity & pitty I went & talked to them went to Smiths but she is so Conceited a fool I am all ways Disgusted & Nothing wou'd make me bear with her but want of other places to go to My Mind strang[e]ly Discomposed [—] Turner & his wife here a few minutes in ye evening with English papers but I can hardly find [a Minute?] for such a Veriety [sic] of Com- pany as I [illegible] Unwell at Night

Monday ye 2d Sat by Myself all day it was rainny & My spirits rather better from a Newspaper from N york which [illegible] give hopes somthing will be done [—] it was dated ye 26th of July & I find Mr G will be ealFd as a evi- dence on Sir William How's Trial so that I know Not what to think of his coming over in ye fleet but hope they will do som- thing for him at home Sup[p]ed with Debby & six country friends these honest Ignorant people are the happyest on earth I am pleased to see their ways

89 Sir William Howe (1729-1814). He succeeded Gen. Thomas Gage as commander-in-chief in America in 1775, and held the command until relieved by Sir Henry Clinton in May, 1778. Diary of Grace Growden Galloway 165 Tusday y6 3d was better today went to Smiths & sat ye afternoon but there is no pleasure with this con- ceited Stupid woman she is very civil to me but is no com- pany in ye evening Owen Jones Junr & James Thornton & Tommy fisher came to see me so that as they ware [all?] here at a time the Company of one prevented any particular talk with any which is generally y6 case at My house the rebels have taken Granada & shattered Barrington's Fleet40 great rejoic- ing at the News went to Smiths but did not stay: this poor woman takes y6 advantage of being with Child of her eight [h?] child to play of [?] her Ale[ments but?] he treats it with great insensibility She was faintly &c &c I was [illegible] Tiar'd & came home am Distracted with bad News

Wednessday ye 4th Debby & I sat Alone ye afternoon Tommy Morris sat some time with me the News is confirmed of y6 takeing of Granada &c & great [blot] Bustle at y* Coffy house I fear indeed England will loose America by ye baseness of ye Mi- nority who are all Tray tors in their Hearts had a quar[r]el with Nurse About let [t] ing a [illegible] lion be spoiPd She is grown so inactive and indolent that I am [illegible] Tiar'd & no way Careful of my interests; her behavour was so [illegible] ut that I chose to take an anodine rather than Disturb my [illegible] with her so said little to her but I think the more

Thursday ye 5th Debby & I Ehode out in Nich- olas Wal[n's] Carriage to see Mrs Venables: but how was I surprized to see My old friend in a house without windows & all Most without furniture & the inside of y* house ruin'd [—] the place of peace & hospitality Turned into a poor ruinous Dis- tituted Mantion: shame to Dr Bond whoes [sic] family will have a good fortune from her to let her live in this manner I find Mrs Bond sildom sees her & is quite taken up with her pleasures [—]an Ungratful [sic] Wretch who ought to be dis- pised by all good people but I find Mrs Venables see a little but they have her safe [sic] I just told her Mrs Bond Never treated her Mother well & that she did not like me we had but little Talk she told me she was near seventy four & I never saw

40 Admiral Samuel Barrington (1730 ?-1800). After a brilliant naval career, he was sent to the West Indies as commander-in-chief and arrived at Barbadoes, 20 June, 1778. He had not yet arrived when D'Estaing appeared with the Toulon fleet from Boston and fell upon and captured St. Lucia (16 June, 1778) and, on 30 June, sailed against Granada which he captured in the first week of July despite the gallant resistance by the 300 regulars and militia. Barrington bore a conspicuous part in the "illmanaged and confused" action before Granada. (Fortescue, op. cit., III. 273-274; Annual Register, 1778.) 166 Diary of Grace Growden Galloway a more Wrinkled face or a person More altered [—]can this be the House of resort & festivity but a few short years agoe & now how unfit the owner to be left alone tis [a] pitty she do not pluck Up Courage & throw herself on y* protection of Better friends that these wretches may not reap the wages of iniquity for their Deceitful base conduct to her: found Becky [ ?] Jones & Mrs Eedman at my return Mrs Eedman stayed [for] supper their was Bonfires & rockets all over town Great rejoicings I hope to see better times yet but am greatly Disheartened

Friday ye 6th it EainM all day Mr Sam Wallace & Mr Eichee Drank Tea [illegible] Me I was in good spirits as they do not give all for lost they say Admiral Bar- rington fought bravely [—] this gave us all satisfaction as ye English has hitherto been Diffident & cautious to say ye best [—] unlike English men in every particular very dull & rainny I supped alone very ill all night had little sleep

Saturday ye 7th ... am very Unwell did not come down till late in ye afternoon strange I can hear Nothing from my dear child & I know not how to Act [—] whether to go or stay Phinis [sic] Buckley came to see debby they sat in my room in ye evening & I thought Debby was rather pirt to me was Not well pleased nor happy

Sunday y6 8th was Alone till evening then Sidney Howel[l] came & sat with me some time but I do not like her Much as there is no dependence on her After she was gone I went into Debby's room & she & I quarreld at her sa[y]ing before Buckley that the english Army [illegible] recomend me to the King some [sic] of their Generals: & I told her I shou[']d not go to beg favours of the officers of y6 Army & that I neither wanted nor asked No favours of any one & that I cou'd say I owed Nobody in this Citty an Obligation & that I may want a Morsel of bread before any of them wou'd give Me Any therefore I desired she wou'd not represent me as an object of Distress to such sort of people as Neither can not nor wou'd not give me any relief & that if [illegible] was asham'd to be obliged how cou'd she think I cou'd bear it who [illegible] lost a fortune above most people yet I should not look on every- body as My equals or have them think I am beholding to people that never did me a favour for I had been treated meanly by y6 whole Citty who was afraid to give me a Meal but that I wanted nothing of them & wouM pay everybody when I went away we had high words: I supped by Myself & will not stay with her if I see any more such behavour Diary of Grace Growden Galloway 167 Monday y6 9th sat in ye entry Neighbor Smith came & sat with Me it was Violent hot Molly Polls behaves rudely to me she is a ill natured Sulkey Temper & has more Disagreeable ways then ever I knew a Child in My Life am resolved to take No More Notice of her Tommy Morrise & Isaac, & John Thompson sat With Me a little in ye evening Isaac & Debby & I went as far as foulks & home again I was Afraid to walk as it was so hot & I am afraid I shall Die for want of exercise: am Uneasey & very low Spirited oh that I knew how to Act

Tusday j* 10th Ezra Comfort brought Me My dearest Child[']s Trunk of papers in the Morning; this Threw me into a low frame of Mind & I was very much moved & un- well ye whole day it was very hot & Ghusty, Neighbour Zanes & Isaac Morrise here a little in y* evening & as I was at supper Peggy Eawles brought Me a letter from Mr G & my dear Child, but there was Nothing in either of them to give Me satisfaction but I think they are rather in obscure circumstances: I was so Moved on My child [*]s account that I couM Not forgive J G for takeing More Care of his family am just distracted & see Nothing but losses & Distractions before Us: My child I fear is Unnoticed I am wretched

Wednessday y6 11th it Earned all Day & very hot am a little come to Myself but very Uneasey [two words scratched out and illegible] No pleasure for Me in life My hopes with regard to my Child cut off in pain all day: Neighbour Zanes here a little while

Thursday Y* 12th Aunt Hannah Growdon & Hannah Eichardson Drank tea with Me in y* evening Owen Jones & his Wife & Nancy & Polly Wharton they told me Andrew Allen41 had given evidence against Sir William How[e] & Made a Most Eloquent speech & was greatly Aplauded & then threw

a Andrew Allen (1740-1825), son of Chief-Justice William Allen. He was a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and studied law under Benjamin Chew, and, in 1769, became attorney-general. Although an influential advocate of a just administration under the Crown, he was elected to the Continental Congress in 1776. Opposing the Declaration of Independence, he lost his influence, resigned, and sought Howe's pro- tection. His property was confiscated and he went to England where he was granted a pension of £400 by the government. He was one of those who testified before the House of Commons committee investigating the conduct of the war. 168 Diary of Grace Growden Galloway out flings against Mackenzie42 & Bellfour43 [—] this was polly Wharton [—] but they all said they thought Bellfour a bad Man & owen told Me people [ ?] was at a lost what side J G wou'd take so I find poor J G mu&t be sunk for to raise Allen we are a most Unfortunate family & [ ?] I see shall be lost this is our good friends was in [illegible] able [illegible] Took [ ?] an Anodine at Night a Violent Ghust easey but little sleep.

[Friday ye 13th] Mrs Turner & Nancy Humphries Drank tea here & [illegible] & Nancy & sally Eedman here in ye evening & they told me [illegible] ing Account of Allen & said J G had given his evidence44 [nothing?] is said in his favour I find by anybody [—] this [blot—illegible] the pro- prietary intress gains grown [ground] fast [?] at Night I ask smith about it & he said he heard Allen had done himself Great credit & that he wou'd Turn out what he ever thought him the Most Understanding & promising young man of ye Age after e e [?] on My Asking him how y News came [,] he said in y New York papers I told him I heard there was one that Mentioned Mr G's evidence being given in too [—] he said I heard nothing of thy Husband [—] very short [—] & turned his back to me as We stood at the Door; afterwards turned about to ridicule My person I went into Debby's room & told her what I said & then said he was ye most imprudent fellow I ever saw & that he was under y4* tuition of Ben Chew & learnt his lesson from him as kindly as a Cat learns to lap Milk: so the man who his [has?] supported their Cause in a public Character from ye begining must be treated with comtemj)t & a wretch who has allways been for enslaving the people is raised over his head [—] this is what I allways feared J G is two sanguin & these creatures Underminds him but why am I so Uneasey when I know all is lost Smith stood at ye door & Listened to all I

42 Alexander Mackenzie, Lieutenant-Colonel, Thirty-fourth Regiment of Foot. He took part in the Philadelphia campaign. 48 Nesbit Balfour, Major, Fourth (King's own) Regiment of Foot. Aide to Sir William Howe during the Philadelphia campaign. 44 Galloway was one of those examined by the House of Commons com- mittee on the conduct of the war. He was one of the most severe critics of British policy and of General Howe. The examination coming near the close of the session, Burke consumed as much time as possible in his examination of Galloway in order to prevent the latter from giving too much adverse testimony. Galloway later published the examination in pamphlet form with notes. (Balch, Thomas, editor, Examination of Joseph Galloway, Esq., by a Committee of the House of Commons, Phila- delphia, 1855. A copy of the examination with notes by Jasper Mauduit is in the Library of Congress.) Diary of Grace Growden Galloway 169 said to Debby he is allways under My Window at Nights I wish the impudent fellow & his family was further off it seems as if ye world was in league against us but my Cut is on My childs account that her enimies should Triumph over her am Just distracted Oh how are we fallen

Saturday ye 14 this is the Most hot Opressive day I ever felt sat Up stairs till late my mind very discom- posed talked to Debby of smith [—] said I saw he was a Tool to ye proprietors but I desired she wou'd Not tell him that I said so as I wanted not to draw that Nest about Me for they Never ware friends to Mr G45 & I knew they wou'd Triumph in my Uneaseyness. but when she went down to Dinner [,] smith came in & she talked to him & on her return I found she had told him all I desired her Not to tell him but gave Me so im- perfect an Account of their conversation that I Suspect My great friend begins to side Against Me the whole world seems in Arms Against Us She had ordered Wain's Chariot to take Us to George Mifflins but it was so Violent Hot I wou'd not go Neighbour Zanes came in before I was Dressed & sat with me I after went to her house in ye afternoon Smith sat at ye Door with Us there at Night but I wou'd Not talk to him I am very low & Unhappy

Sunday y® 15th Violent hot [—] rainy in y* Morning. Cleared Up after noon went & sat at Neighbour Zanes very Choliey [ ?] [illegible] & Unwell & so low & dis- ordered] I can hardly live Smith & his wife at our Door in ye evening we talked together but I was Not reconciled to him but we said nothing on ye subject. Took an Anodine at Night oh what will [become?] of our family am as low as I well can be & am [ ?] so Distressed [illegible]

Monday ye 16th Abraham [illegible] came to b[u]y My right in My estate but I wou'd Not see him & Debby came Up stairs & seem'd Much displeased that I wou'd Not sell My right to My estate at last She got Me to say that I wou'd sell if I cou'd have the full Value of it in hard Mony & she was so eager that I was surprized at it I was restless & out of humour & My Mind Much Discomposed while she seem'd to be so impor-

45 Galloway, from the time of his entry into the assembly had led in the fight to tax the Penn estates and to deprive them of the right to instruct the governor. Later, he was one of the prime movers in the effort to secure a royal government for the province. Throughout his legislative career he was one of the principal leaders of the Quaker faction. Benjamin Chew, on the other hand, was an office holder under the proprietors and one of their principal legal advisers. 170 Diary of Grace Growden Galloway tant & so reserved I knew not what to make of it; but in ye even Mr Keen46 came to y® door to see me the weather very hot & as he is a man who has Not been friendly to Me I was not pleased with his company & spoke my mind very freely on ye injustice of y* state he told me I ought to put in a Claim [—] I said they knew they had no right to my estate & that I wou'd not Ask that as a favour which I had a right to Command, & that I never Did or wouM Acknowledge their Authority as I was An English Woman & eou'd not be a Tray tor [illegible] to their state & if they ware men not to say Gentlemen they wouM blush at the illiberal Treat- ment they had given Me with many things to the same effect & he was going away when out ran Debby with ["] can nothing be Done for friend Galloway [.?"] Down he sat again & she in a low voice talked to him of My Affairs & I found she was telling him all that we had talked in Confidence before the [ ?] I checked [?] & pulPd her Many times yet she wouM whine on at last she told him I said ye estate was worth Thirty Thousand pounds on this I was vext beyond Measure & said I did not tell her so Keen found I was displeased at his being consulted & he went away. I then Ask[ed] her why she talked to him about it her answer was [,"] Why he is No Wig["]: I told her he was a Man that I had no Opinion of & that I was capable of Judging for Myself & I wished she wou'd Not trouble herself about my Business & the more I think of her impertinance the more I am provoked, she was very Angry & went to bed before I had supped smith & I had out our quarrel but last Night & we are Now friends He told me to do nothing in it but let all go I am very Dis- tressed to be treated so like a Child is hurt me [sic]

Tusday y6 17th was Much Disturbed in ye Morn at Debbys behavour & think she is set on by some rasckals that wants My estate for a Triffle & as she is so Curious about My affairs & so reserved about her own I can't have so good an Opinion of her as Usual & am determined to leave her house if my Suspicions have good growns She went to her brother Anthonys & stayd all Day Molly craige & peggy Johns Drank tea with Me we was very good humoured Neighbour

48Reynold Keen (?). Reynold Keen, merchant, was born in Barbadoes about 1738. In 1776, he removed to Reading but two years later he re- turned to Philadelphia and, accordingly, fell under suspicion. He was ordered seized and his property confiscated. (Keen, Gregory, "Joran Kyn, Founder of Upland," Pennsylvania Magazine, V. 92-93; Pennsyl- vania Colonial Records, XI. 630; XII. 23, 26, 27, 80, 103.) Diary of Grace Growden Galloway 171

Smith was here two [sic] I am very low & think the whole world is against Us: all Now is gone oh My Child. I dare not reflict [sic]

Wednessday ye 18 Sold to [two?] Glasses for six- teen pound [s] h[e]ard My Mother in law Tryes to get riehlue [,] Bellmont & [illegible] place as they have allowed her both Dower & her Annuity I was much fretted at first but after some time thought best to Compose Myself but was bad in ye Cholic & if these Agitations holds long I must sink the little Mony for ye Glasses helped to chier Me [—]so low am I become went to Zanes, & in ye even came Hannah Wharton after Sucky [&] Nancy [illegible] & their sister foulk & her husband [il- legible] after Nancy Emblen & Nancy, Just after them Mrs Lawrence & Mrs [torn] & Mrs Willcox with Nancy & Sally Chew & sally burge Chews are [torn] Crew that ever existed they stayed but [a] little while Mrs Eedman [torn] them as I went to y* end of y* court with H Wharton but she wou'd stay [torn] eleven oclock smith & his wife keeps so Close that I can spend [illegible] am very Unwell & uneasey—what can I do

Thursday ye 19th Ned Penington Drank tea with Me he said they have stop[p]ed y® sale of Eichliu [sic], Bellmont & Kings place47 for his aunt & that she has both Dower & Annuity Granted to her48 we had Much talk & I ask'd him if that was Just & if it did not look like takeing advantage of ye times he said she was advised to Claim Dower at first but he Dissuaded her from it but Now she cou'd not live without it I asked him how he thought I lived he answered [illegi- ble] indeed I don't know but I told him I had No inclination to raise disputes & I had rather she had it then [sic] others: I asked him if he thought I had better buy he said if it went of low [sic] he thought I had but cou'd recommend no body to buy for Me he went to Lewis to see if it cou'd be prevented that those wretches may Not Distroy the Wood. I am just Dis-

47 These were three estates, or tracts, inherited by Mrs. Galloway from her father and sequestrated by the state for the life of Galloway. Mrs. Galloway petitioned the Supreme Executive Council to grant these to her in lieu of an annuity but the petition was denied. (Pennsylvania Colonial Records, XII. 77-78.) 48 In December, 1779, was paid £650 out of the estate of Joseph Galloway in lieu of the annuity granted her by will. (Ibid., XII. 191-192.) 172 Diary of Grace Growden Galloway tracted for there is Numbers waiting to buy & they openly Declar they will distroy[?] the wood Some Says they will not leave a stump or [on?] y6 land & I know it will go of [f] for a song but if I buy it they will not let Me leave y* country or [ ?] Con- fiscate ye whole of My estate Next [,] the Taxes will eat up ye whole income & I shall save Nothing & it will again throw Me into their power to Tax Me as they please Next [,] I have No friend to do any business for Me & am incapable of Doing it Myself & should be as liable to have My wood injured by bad Tenants as if I was not here & like to be imposed Upon by Artful men [—] few honest men to be found & None Dis- interested; & after all I cannot stay without My dearest child which I must do & make myself a prisoner if I purchast on the other ha[nd] I cannot bear My child shouM loose her whole inheritance & have the whole distroy'd everything looks so dark that I have No hope from y6 English & nobody will ad- vise me how to Act [—] I am just Distracted & over come with trouble for fear My dear Child should loose all but as she is away I fear they wou'd not let her inherit from Me if I should Die here on ye whole I think I must leave it & go home as no friendly hands is stretched out to Cheer or help My be- nighted soul to God alone Must I commit My Cause I have never been in so Much Trouble before this is the day Twelvemonth I was turned out of Door by ye day of ye week but My Trouble is threefold greater Now as all is gone & we are ruin'd49 oh my dearest Dearest Child [—] My heart is ready to break [—] I took an anodine at Night to try to still Me Sarah Zanes tells me to leave it: but None of My pretended friends comes Near Me oh may I be directed to do right in this great Tryal Thomas & [illegible] Stapler & James [il- legible] here in ye evening to [illegible] about some sheep

Friday y6 20th Did not get up till late the anodine missed its Use to still me [—] had no Comfort am yet undetermined how to act I think it best to leave it but my Childs intress [sic] argues for buying but can I give he[r] Up & not be with her am almost out of My wits Debby came not Near Me Sat my Myself but in y6 afternoon went to smiths told her what she told Me Debby was a wig was true & indeed her whole conduct is extraordinary went from there to Zanes Hannah Catheral [ ?] & Betsy [ ?] Jones there I couM Not help talking [illegible] to Advice out [sic] from Sarah which was to let it go Neddy Penington sent me a letter in the Morn & Lewis50 one at Night that y6 Vice President

49 Refers to her ejection from her house, which became the residence of the Spanish minister. (See Pennsylvania Magazine, LV. 42-53.) 60 William Lewis (1751-1820 ?) was born in Chester County. He was a Quaker and studied law with Nicholas Wain and became his partner. He drafted the famous act of 1780 abolishing slavery. Diary of Grace Growden Galloway 173 Bryan51 had told him they wouM take every precaution [to pre- vent ?] Distraction or waste should be made on y** land but billy Smith says [ ?] it is a Vague answer & they will Not or cannot help it am [illegible] thing [illegible] Debby supped with Me but I can't Open my heart to her as Usual [illegible] weather very Hot & wet & very Oppressive & Unhealthy oh my dear- est [child?]

Saturday y* 21th was More composed to day & have better spirits got Billy Smith to go to some friends but they was all out Tommy Morris very kind & sent Samuel Ehodes52 to Me & in the Meantime Abel James came Unsent for he told Me he had been with the Atto[r]ney General53 to see if they gave the purchasers leave to Cut ye wood but cou'd get No Answer from him but he spoke very respectfully of Me & My Child & Abel was in hopes wou'd give a favourable Opinion but he advised Me to purchase Trevose & Vandergrifs place on Account of ye wood Durham54 he thought wou'd be but little Injured & offered to Buy it for Me in Trust I gladly Accepted of his offer & told him I wou'd be Directed by him he then asked S Ehodes if he wouM go with him & he con- sented Abels kind & friendly behavour raised my Spirits when he went away he desired Me to write in a letter what I wou'd have done which I did & sent it by Billy Smith next morn- ing [illegible] Fisher here in the evening but so drunk that he

"George Bryan (1731-1791). He was born in Dublin and came to Philadelphia, in 1752, where he entered the importing business and rose to prominence politically. During the Revolution he espoused the popular cause and was partly responsible for the constitution of 1776. He served as Vice-president of Supreme Executive Council from 5 March, 1777 to 11 October, 1779, and served as president from the death of Wharton to the election of Reed (23 May-1 December, 1778) and Judge of the Supreme Court from 1784 until his death. (See Konkle, B. A., George Bryan and the Constitution of Pennsylvania, 17S1-1791, Philadelphia, 1922.) 62 Samuel Rhoads (1711-1784), Quaker, was at various times a mem- ber of the city council and the provincial assembly and was one of the commissioners to treat with the Six Nations at Lancaster. He was a member of the First Continental Congress and in the same year was elected Mayor of Philadelphia, member of the American Philosophical Society, board of managers of the Pennsylvania Hospital, and director of the Philadelphia Library. 03 Johnathon Dickinson Sergeant (1746-1793). Graduated from Prince- ton and entered the law. He was a member of the Continental Congress, 1776-1777, and attorney-general of Pennsylvania, 1770-1780, when he resigned in order to devote himself to his profession. 54 Trevose, Durham, and the Vandergrift tract were Galloway estates which had been sequestrated. 174 Diary of Grace Growden Galloway couM say little more than express his friendly regard for me and his readiness to save me 2 of y6 Jones's Grirles here in ye evening with Sidney Howel & sally fisher walked to Foulks & was bravely My spirits raised to find I have some friends it was 2 oclock before I finished My letter to Abel & I was so Agitated that I slept Not ye whole Night

Sunday ye 22d Billy Smith returned at Night & said Abel & sam: Ehodes was set of [f ] for Kidds55 & he was to go in ye morn Lewis y6 Lawyer Drank tea with me & told me they cou'd sell Mr G[*s] right which wou'd impower them to sell the wood but he wou'd let Me know in y6 Morn: what Opinion had been sent to ye Agents56 I eat a good supper took An Anodine & am better

Monday ye 23 am very poorly Mr Lewis left a Note to let Me know that the Attorney Generals Opinion was as I wished it [—] that they cou'd Not cut wood or Make wast[e]57 this raised My spirits & made me thankful but I was so Unwell I did not leave My room till late in ye after- noon went to Neighbour Smiths She told me y* english was expected in a Month & thought had better Not Buy but I am of a Different Opinion for I fear the English will never get footing Here again the Eebels have Taken 150 Men at Powels

55 John Kidd ? who was at one time a justice of the Court of Quarter Sessions and Common Pleas of Bucks County. {Pennsylvania Colonial Records, IX. 393.) M Agents for confiscated estates. 57 "Sir: "In Answer to your Favour received yesterday, I send you the Opinion of the Atty Gen1.—Which you will make such use of as you think prudent & proper. Our Advice is that you set up the Interest of Joseph Galloway be it more or less, for it is said there has been some Settlement of which the Purchaser will take the Benefit. If the Purchaser does Waste he must do it at his Peril, we would have you neither give Per- mission to cut Timber nor the contrary but to sell the Interest as above the Purchaser to take what the Law will permit him to take. "We send you a Copy of a Resolution passed this board this Week to which we do not doubt you will conform. "I am, Sir, &c. &c." (President George Reed to General George Wall, agent for Forfeited Estates, Bucks County, 21 August, 1779. Pennsylvania Archives, VII. 660.) Diary of Grace Groivden Galloway 175 Hook without firing a Gun:58 & as it is the french Kings birthday59 here [there?] is Great rejoicing & a scaffold erected a Cross Market Street at our door to play of [f] fireworks I just went to ye end of y6 Court but when I saw it opposite My own house & that in y* possession of this president I cou'd Not stand long to think that bad man has got our house & supplys J G place & this day My own fortune May all be out of My family or I oblige[d] to buy it: yet bad as appearances are at present I am not low the thought of saving my estate from being distroyd [sic] for [illegible] is a balm to My heart None in our Court cou'd bear to see it but [illegible] a Great Conqurs [concourse?] of people they are rejoicing over my distruction [illegible] Debby & I supped on a Duck she had & we ware quite happy [illegible] the thought of saving anything for her Makes Me easey [illegible] from their insults but I think our cause quite gone: & y* chief [illegible] Kings Army & at his court not quite so hot to night

Thursday ye 24th sat with Neighbour Smith in y afternoon ye weather very hot & oppressive & showerry [sic] at Night Bill Smith came home & said they bid to high for Me to get any of My Estate but that No Man of Eeputation but wear My friends & Appeared in My behalf at the Sale & was warm [?] in the Cause [,] Namely [,] John Kid, [Illegible] Penrose [,] Richard Gibbs, John Gill [,] Tommy Jenks & his brother with others & he said not one Man spoke against Me but e that young y sadlers [?] son had bought the Tract by Kidds & No restrictions against wast[e] was published this made me very low & Sally & peggy Chew came in & I abused the English Army & said they had ruin'd me they wou'd not

58 On the site of the present Jersey City. It was abandoned by the Americans after the battle of Long Island. On 18 August, 1779, it was recaptured by American forces under Richard Henry Lee in a brilliant action resembling that at Stony Point. The prisoners, about 150, were brought to Philadelphia "and safely lodged in the New-Gaol." (Fortes- cue, op. cit., III. 288; New Jersey Archives, Second Series, III. 587, 621-629.) w "The Council have ordered that the Bells of the City be rung on the approaching birth day [23 August] of his Majesty of France; some rockets will be thrown, and other demonstrations of joy, consistent with strict frugality, will be exhibited, sufficient to engage the attention of the people, and introduce the custom of rejoicing on the anniversary of a day so auspicious to America." (Timothy Matlack to M. Gerard, 16 August, 1779, Pennsylvania Archives, VII. 648, 651.) 176 Diary of Grace Growden Galloway

stay as my talk did not sute them but after [,] on Consulting Smith [,] I grew More calm & went to bed more composed but had a little tiff [?] with Debby as Smith said Morgans son00 declared he wouM me [sic] at Durham for [illegible] Morris & told Debby I believed it true she thought he.wou'd not buy

Wednessday y* 25th Sam Ehodes & Abel [James] here in y6 Morn & they wou'd have me fee Wilson61 & Claim My Estate Ehodes was to write for Budinots Opinion:02 & get the thing stated: he dined at Smith[^s] but I sent for Owen Jones & Abel & we Drank tea here Owen for haveing me try to prevent wastfe] but not speak of ye Claim he is Sanguin but Abel & I give it Up we expect y*5 english can do nothing & y* country is gone very hot & frequent showers

Thursday ye 26 sat at smiths y6 afternoon Abel came there & I Gave him five Guineas to fee Wilson smith went to Chew who said he allways thought that ye Law did not extend to My estate but as it Depended Chiefly on Macean63 he thought no law wou*d be regarded as had he not have [sic] been against Me they wou'd Not sell My estate I am quite of Opinion ye Mony will be thrown away but will try allways for My dear Child My spirits very low but they try to keep me Up y*5 weather No [sic] fair but very cool am more Composed Today.

w Jacob Morgan, Junior. 61 James Wilson (1742-1798) was born St. Andrews, Scotland and came to Philadelphia about 1766, and studied law with John Dickinson. He espoused the popular cause in the Revolution and served as a member of the provincial congress and later in the Continental Congress; but hesitating on the question of independence he was superseded in 1777. He was a brilliant lawyer and was appointed to the U. S. Supreme Court by Washington. 62Elias Boudinot (1740-1821). Lawyer. He is described as a supporter of "Gentry rule . . . and property rights"; "a conservative Whig in politics but followed the liberal trend of his colony and his connections". He was a delegate to the Continental Congress. He became a staunch Federalist and helped to ratify the Constitution in New Jersey. 68 Thomas McKean (1734-1817). Lawyer, member of the Stamp Act Congress, and the Continental Congress. He was active in promoting the Declaration of Independence in Congress and was the only member to sit from the opening of the war until the peace. He was chief-justice from 1777-1799, and governor from 1799-1800. As a leader of the Re- publican party, he paved the way for the accession of Jefferson to the presidency. Diary of Grace Growden Galloway 177 Thursday [Friday?] ye 27th More resigned today but think all lost had ye Deed for y* 24th share of Durham & find it made in J G's Name only oh how has this Unhappy man injured me & my Child for this deed Cuts of [f] all ye water from my estate yet he was so base as to take it out of My family it seems these people have not yet advertised it but if they do we Must buy it: the Unfair conduct of this man has quite [illegi- ble] my temper as his ill conduct has ruin'd me & as I cannot tell ye world I abuse the English Army for their base & treach- erous [ ?] conduct Jesey Jones here in ye evening I talked to her very freely & said we ware [sic'] all sold & that we ware brought to beggary: took a walk to turners with sally Zanes at our return found peggy & betsay Johns here I spoke in y6 same way to them & said I now hated both sides & said we ware all betrayed everybody is Now Near giving Up a large ship taken & [,] coming Up [,] one of y6 fleet64 -f english Beat every where; supped by Myself after Supper Debby sat with Me & I was so low I cou'd not help sheding tears My ever [ ?] Dearest Child what can I do for thee as to J G tho I have some affection for him yet I dispise & Abhor his vanity & baseness & am Now truly set against him yet I do not tell anyone [—] this makes it worse to bear but all his Unkindness is in my mind & all within [is ?] Distress & Confusion; I seems [ ?] quite an Out Cast of Mankind & my soul [is] struck with a Thousand Daggers to find how this man has imposed Upon me as well as treated Me Unkindly was it not for my dearest Child I wou'd embrace poverty much soon[er] than live with a man who wouM Grasp at all I have yet treat me worse than a slave & I fear my child will feel his ill humour as he [illegible] every- body else does something for y6 suport of their familys I hear [?] of nothing he [illegible] Took an Anodine was just [illegible] but I will never live with him more

Saturday -f 28th Got Up before Eleven to see Abel he came but I find Wilson is not so sanguienfsta] but has Not given his Opinion but y® 24th part of Durham will be sold for ever & they say there is two more lots that J G has sold now if this is true he has imposed Upon me [—] the thought of which has quite overset Me I can bear from my enimies but to be deceived by a husband is two much however he has ruind Us all My soul all Distracted I know not what to do Dined with Debby but was so Unwell that I was forced to lay down very feverish & disturbed when I rose Isaac Morris sat some time with me but Nothing can raise my

64 Probably H. M. S. Experiment, 50 guns, under Sir James Wallace. Three other frigates had been captured by the French shortly before this. (Annual Register, 1779, 208.) VOL. LVIIL-—12 178 Diary of Grace Growden Galloway

spirits as I can't tell what hurts me My friends can give me No comfort they think tis only takeing [sic] my estate but my wound proceeds [ ?] for the Ungenerous conduct of J G & I blush for him his conduct does not show ye Just Man but speaks to Nobody but Nurse; went to Zanes in y* afternoon & was very Unwell but after [a while] got better. Debby suped with me I am more composed but distracted beyond expression all my hopes & ambitions crushed oh my dear Child Sunday y* 29th . . . Henry Drinker's65 Daugh- ter & her Aunt came to see Me I told them I thought all was over: Mrs Craig & Mrs Lawrence in -f evening I cou'd not sup till late am Now come to myself & have my Usual spirits . . . told Mrs Lawrence that I was so low yesterday that I order'd Nurse to put away y* books & Leave only y* Bible & [illegible] I have yet some hopes [in] which I will indulge oh My Dearest child for you to[o] I bear all Monday ye 30th was very Unwell all day Mra Eedman & John Thompson drank tea here I talk'd freely to him in ye back parlour he think [s] they want me to decend [sic] to abject Treason for my estate which I will not do told him ye Deed of J G had hurt me more than all the proventials [sic] had done they have got Lieutenant Heel in Gaol & Loaded him with Irons because Cunningham was treated so at New York they sent for him from Beading without any cause of Disgust he has long been a prisoner on Parole66 billy smith suped with me I have had better spirits today but in •f even; they flag'd so much & I was so Unwell I took an Anodine know not how to Act everybody has given up ye Cause but women [ ?] & a few weak men: Unless they fight Washington they will hurt us & ruin the Cause by coming here67 & I know not where to go 65 Partner of Abel James. Vide Supra, note 9. 68 In June, 1779, it was reported that the notorious Captain Cunning- ham, or Conyngham, "Who signalized himself by taking so many of the enemy's vessls," had been sent to New York in irons for trial for piracy —"It is said he had no Commission from Congress." (New Jersey Archives, Second Series, III. 460.) Cunningham's case was placed be- fore Congress by his wife, Ann, and it was decided that Lieutenant Christopher Heel, or Hele, was to be subjected to the same treatment as accorded Cunningham. The British authorities, in answer to the pro- tests of Congress, replied that Cunningham was not a prisoner of war but was charged with various high crimes. (Pennsylvania Archives, XII. 675; Ford, W. C, Journals of the Continental Congress, Washington, 1909, XV. 1086-1373, passim.) 67 There were persistent rumours of a British advance from New York for the purpose of reoccupying Philadelphia. Diary of Grace Growden Galloway 179 Tusday y 31th Slept none last Night what sleep I got in y® Morn very disturbed dreamed of Griffins writ- ing to my Child & that I conversed with him & that he was Gayly dressM weaked very Uneasey: Polly Biles: & Abel James dined with Me on Cold ham: Wilson has Not yet Given his Opinion but I told Abel that if Nobody would Join in with Me I wou'd Not Claim for they wou'd hardly give my estate to Me & it wou'd be throwing money away: but if I cou'd keep the purchasers from making wast[e] it wouM be all I cou'd expect: & I see Abel is rather Cool about it Biles takes Up their at- tention but I will not pay the piper for others am Now more easey as I will not sue alone Abel very friendly went to hannah foulks was very dull supped by Myself Paid Betsay Jones for marketing 5s 15 [illegible] this day

[September, 1779] Wednessday ye 1th ... was very Unwell: but went to Sarah Zaneses & sat with her till evening the weather very Cold for many days past My spirits very low as I find all is like to fall threw [sic] about My claim & I can see no reason for Throwing away five guineas to fee Wilson when I had ye opinion of Lawyers before & nothing is done as has [sic] Appli- cation to Macean to prevent wast[e] but I must pay for other peoples bennefit for it can be none to me this & the wasting of my little stock makes me low spirited & I can hear nothing from My dear child: The World have now left Me with nought but their pitty. Supped by myself told billy Smith of polly Biles vain behavour wish I had not done so [—] let them find her out Sidney Howel struck some [ ?] [illegible] days agoe with an Apoplixey all Dull & Dark every way. OpenM y6 3d bottle of spirits of those put in ye back Closet I think it is weaker & ye Key is broken can keep no Liquor Locked

Thursday ye 2d I took an Anodine last Night but went to Sukey Jones's Wedden [sic] She was married to John Nancarrio & tho I was not at meeting I signed the Cirtifi- cate68 they sent a Chariot with Johnathon Jones to fetch me there was Upward of forty at Dinner but Molly Norris & I conversed Mostly together the whole day and supped there but was hurried Home before Ten Debby returned in y6 Chariot with me there was Nothing Disagreeable happened but I did

M According to the custom of Friends, the declaration of marriage is written into the "certificate" which both parties then sign. The "certi- ficate" is then read in full by some Friend previously selected to do so; after which any or all present may subscribe themselves as witnesses. 180 Diary of Grace Groivden Galloway not Enjoy myself as I have not been Used to the company of friends enought to fall into all their way[s] & the thought of the long separation from my dear Child & the Uncertain way of Life she is in [,] with the certainty of all our estate being lost here & my incapacity of geting a Maintanence has allmost broke me & nothing but Melancholy & dismay reigns in my soul war is declared by Spain against England69

Friday ye 3d a rainy day Got Up late very Unwell a Troublesome Night bad dreams was alone all day Nobody Now come[s] Near Me [—] I am now fallen below their notice. oh World what is to be coveted from thee when only prosperity is met with y6 smiles of Deceit & frowns & contempt attends y6 Unfortunates. imprudence & ignorance bears all before it & honesty & misfortunes are fled from as contagion & y6 insolent eyes of y* Low & base now makes Modest Merit sink beneath them went into Smiths but he had company & his wife can give No relief to the Mind came home supped by Myself: I have presages of My cause going against Me & Abel & ye others let time slip away without Doing any thing for me [—] this & the danger of My getting safe home if I attempt it makes me very low my Child allways in my Mind Nurse does not act as she Ought but I am with- out a friend but my concern is for my Child

Saturday ye 4th ... was in My room Makeing a Carpet out of ye bad part of my old one very Cold in y* evening went to smiths for a little while Nicholas Wain came their to see Me he advised Me to throw in a Memorial which I think to do the cause I fear is over with ye english I am Undone supped by myself at night wrote a letter to Maccean which was not sent & took an Anodine & when I went to bed I was taken with a Chilly fit & pains in My Back had a Violent fever all Night & was almost flighty & in Great pain but grew better towards Morning

Sunday y6 5th was very low & poorly, Mrs Chew & Peggy drank tea with Me they are going to live in ye Country & they [illegible] was more Civil than Sometimes but My spirits are very low showed billy Smith my letter he did not like it had a [illegible] & was poorly at Night, took an anodine again Little J[ ]y potts buried today Supped by myself 6916 September, 1779. Although Spain declared war against Great Britain, she did not become an ally of the United States despite the anxiety of Congress to secure such a treaty. (Tide Ford, Journals Continental Congress, XV. 1042-1179, passim.) Diary of Grace Growden Galloway 181

Monday y* 6th Abel James & Smith came & told me I must send to warn[?] the purchasers from Makeing was[t]e: & desired Me to send to John Chew [?] & John Law- rence which I did, Molly Craig & peggy Johns Drank tea with me after tea came in Nancy Penington, Sally Burge & Sally Howard, but they did not stay long which I was glad of as My spirits are not high but better & ye weather is not so cold as it was Sent for Mr Wallace to get Me Coffy [sic], spirits [?] salt & sugar as there is hardly any to be got in town as the com- mittee has Lowered y6 price & ye Marchants will not sell at their price Nor will they Send for more goods there is No flour to be got in town & they take all the butter & things from the Market people Nor will they let any thing be taken out of town without a permitt70 Supp'd by myself am very low & know not how I shall live No News from My dear Child . . .

Tusday y*5 7th John Lawrence & Sam: Ehodes & Isaac Morris drank tea here Mr Shea [ ?] came afterwards & I desired him to go with Johnny to warn [?] the purchasers from cutting wood which they promised to do hannah Wharton Crept in Just before dark as she Usually does [—] I had [ ?] to see her for after my spirits has been exhausted ye whole Day to be kept all ye evening from stiring [sic] is very provoking & I want no such Visits S Ehodes found there was no conversing & he went into Smiths I followed him & told him We have Acted but I find all their fine Notions of my claiming is fled & as to Abel & billy smith they are so taken up with poll[?] bileses affair that I think they take little thought of mine went into smiths but as he things he is now a man of importance with me, tis impossible to Conceive how very vain he is he sat & praised himself in such terms yt the most flat- tering friend in ye world wou'd [illegible] one of ye first Gen [i] uses of y* Age Moved my wine & spirits down stairs in y® Closet there is 18 bottles of Wine 15 bottles of spirits 3 Case bottles of spirits 1 half full of rassberry brandy I am very unhappy for I do not like my friends behavour as I doubt they think more of others than Me the W[h]igs in high spirits independency offer'd[ ?]

Wednessday ye 8th a hot day Jo: Potts here a little while billy Eedman came Just as it was dark & saddled herself till after ten I am so tiard with haveing People here at Night that I know not what to do [—] I cannot eat my Morsel alone tho Nobody will have me to their houses & their [sic] is hardly any flour, salt or Coffey Tea or sugar spirits or wine to be got in y* town owing to ye regulation of ye mobing [ ?]

70 Vide supra. 182 Diary of Grace Growden Galloway

Committy the Country people will Not bring butter & they stops them on the rode & take their Marketing from them: in short everything is so high that I know not what will become of Us Mony is from 22 to 25% [illegible] Smith told me Abel is & allways was a Wig & that had [illegible] people Acted Moderately he shou'd have been for them himself & cared not if independency had taken place so that it is only ye present con- stitution that they are against71 [—] fine [ ?] republicans [—] this was told Me last Night had I known this I should have been more Cautious of throwing myself into their hands I am Just mad No news from England & I know not how to Act wheather [sic] to stay or go Nor No friends that can advise me [—] I mistrust all Mankind have to[o] much reason for it

Thursday y6 9th had a bad Night & was very Unwell all day had a Letter from J Lawrence informing Me that Young said he certainly wou'd cut ye wood, I am at a loss what to do went to Smiths, Abel came here [he] said Wilson was to give his Opinion tomorrow & took Johnnys letter with him one Collins a haughty Man who is a prisoner came in & stop'd all business; he treated Me with contempt every- body thinks the English have lost America & all we have is gone I am so low that it seems as if all was over with Us & I have not spirits to keep about but as I force Myself [,] for we have lost everything & how I shall live this winter I know not I am determined to throw a remonstrance in to Maccean but am so Unfortunate I can hear Nothing from my dearest Child. Nothing ever was so Dark before [—] every body out of heart no hopes remains for ye friends of government Sup[p]ed by Myself.

Friday y6 10th Abel here in ye Morning he told Me he had been with the President72 & had talked with Maccean about their making wast[e] & that he was quite in a passion & said they had No right & it should No[t] be done but Confessed he spoke Generally [sic] for Abel did Not Men- tion My Name & that he eouM not grant Me any of My estate [—] it was too late [—] but that he was inclined to favour the people as Much as possible but I find that Abel Undertakes for all of which I am the least part & I can get No Opinion from Wilson but as I paid for it I will have it from under his own

n Vide supra, "Joseph Reed (1741-1785). Lawyer. Reed was educated at Princeton and the Middle Temple, London. He became military secretary to Wash- ington but was mustered out of the army in 1777 when he became a delegate to the Continental Congress. He served as president of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, 1778-1781. Diary of Grace Growden Galloway 183 hand as I am suspicious that those Number of questions are Not about my affairs as there are but two which is if I can have a right to My own estate or whether it comes under the forfeiture of their Law During Mr G's lifetime & whether I can sue in my own Name [—] the latter I was Answered a year ago [—] therefore my mony was thrown away if that is all y* sat- isfaction I can get but I think I am Triffled with & my mony is to pay for other people as they say they put a Number of ques- tions which in my case can be but few was better today both in health & spirits than I have been a great while I dined with Debby: becky shomaker here in y6 evening she says she will do nothing & I wished I had been wise enough not to be Drawn in all look[s] black for y® poor Tories this Span- ish war has sunk Us all & nothing done by y6 army here

Saturday ye 11th was very sick in ye Morn: & continued in pain all Day Augustine Willet came after din- ner he wants to stay longer on Trevose & made his own Story [ ?] good it seems Gill Took the place & Willet rents of him I was very plain with him & Kept my temper but wou'd enter into no bargains with him for I find they are a set of rogues all together went to smiths sat a little while & John Lawrence Drank tea with Me he is sure I can recover great Damages if they cut y** wood. Mr Chew came in ye evening & tho I was calPd from his House he [Smith?] came in & prevented us from talking & as he was going on in praise of Maccean confessed that he said pol biles should be Allowed out of her estate as well as the rest by which I see that Abel & he was at work for others & I am left out I am sorry I ever was led by them who are all trim [m] ing Smith says Abel is now Courting the people in power & worshiping the rising sun he told Chew & Me so after he went Chew said he was trim [m] ing & that he was unbearable I asked him if he had been long acquainted with him he told me he had never spoke to him in his life till ye winter since I came here & that he should not like to associet [sic] himself with a Man of his character [—] this I know [—] but smith told me he had been in [blot] with him for Many years & that he Used to go often to his house which I told Chew but he said it was Not so this is one of ye Multitude of Lyes smith has told me Chew showed a Contempt & disliked [sic] to him & his character & I Joined in with him only I told Chew I thought he was an honest Man which I found [I ?] cou'd hardly believe I told him he was y^ vainest bold & impertinant Man I ever Saw Chew stay'd till after ten I went to supper while he was here eat a bit of bread & cheese & told Smith that Macean ought to do Justice without being petitioned but smith behavM like a Trim [m] ing fellow & Chew like a Man of 184 Diary of Grace Grow den Galloway spirit & honour I couM love him Dearly if he wou'd be con- sistently My friend oh how shall I act I am Caught in a Trap help me God

Sunday ye 12th . . . Abraham Kinsay73 came to inform Me they ware cuting wood on Vandigrifs Tract: I wrote to Abel James about it but Cou'd get No horse or Man to Carry it at last Nurse found Jodey [ ?] James & he took it to his father, Smith returned at Night & Talked in so Un- feeling a way that I was quite Mad & abused both ye Chief Justice [,] Attorney General & President & My Own law[y]er Also said I may ruin Myself & have No redress Smith Got Mad & left Me & I was frightened & sent twice for him at last he came & said he was not offended & went to see for [sic] foulk but he was gone out of town My My [sic] Mind is so Discomposed that I was Just distracted all my hopes again cut of [f ] I wish they had let Me alone I should have then Sunk quietly Took a large Anodine am Vex'd I spoke be- fore smith My dear child always before My Mind oh My God bless & restore her to me

Monday ye 13th was very Unwell in ye Morn & more composed Debby sat with Me some time ... & after noon Mrs Lawrence & & Mrs Allen & peggy Chew & John Thomp- son Drank tea here I told them all I wou'd go to england John Thompson sat after them & I told him of Smiths speeches of Abel: & Just at Dark he & his son Chalkley came in he seem'd Angry & treated Me very roughly: I never felt More mortified but once in my life he told me Chalkly had been up & that No wood had been cut & that he wouM have Me have Notice Given to ye Swamp [ ?] tenants; & that he wanted some- body to take of [f] bull [sic] that they may give Up the bargin [sic] but if I went on talking at this rate Nothing cou'd be done & as to My Going to England I couM Not go this fall & I wanted me to be on My own estate that becky Shoemaker had hurt herself by her tongue but I must Conquer My passions & wou'd have Me at all rate get Trevose if I can but he appear [ed] angry as if he thought I doubted him Thompson & [he?] talked a little after & then went away I am delighted with ye hope of going to trevose but uneasey about Abels behavour

Tusday ye 14th Jo Penrose drank tea with Me I told him I was in hopes of going to Trevose again & that I wou'd Not go to England, he advised me to sell my reversion of my estate but I told him I wou'd not & that if I must fall it 73 Abraham Kinsey, tenant on Hog Island which belonged to Galloway. {Pennsylvania Colonial Records, X. 607.) Diary of Grace Growden Galloway 185 shall be Nobly he told Me according to the Course of Nature I cou'd not live long: but if he wants a bargain I have dis- apointed him. he was Civil in his rough way & offered Me any service in his way but he said Nothing of ye Mony coming to Me & I shall trust No man for ye future [—] if they act well I am obliged to them[J if Not I will not lay Myself open the weather very cold Debby ill in her room supped alone

Wednessday ye 15th was very Unwell Smith got Me a Notice for ye purchasers of Eichland74 from Mi [illegible] fisher am rather low owing to My not hearing from My dear- est Child. Mrs Smith & Willy & her son billy drank tea with me but I had No pleasure in their company I find by ye paper Lord How[e] is very ill Natured & indeed Unmanly to Mr G but I dispise them all from My heart Neighbour Jones came in after tea but No body has any good News the Tories are all down & America seems lost & we are ruin'd God preserve My ever dear child & make her good & happy tis all I wish & all I ask took a Copy of y6 Notice at Night to be sent in My Own hand

Thursday ye 16th wrote to Samuel Foulke & gave the Letter with the Notice to ye purchasers to billy smith to be sent to him as I hope he will be My friend: Thomas stapler here in ye afternoon & I find Penington has been with him to get this years rent for his Aunt75 they will get to the last farthing from me [—] Ungenerous wretches I cou'd not talk to Thomas as M1"8 Widow Lawrence came in she is very friendly but I have been too often deceived to mind promises or offers therefore cou'd not treat her as My real friend I find none to depend on but hope providence will support Me as hitherto . . . y6 weather very cold & keeps no fire as I have but little wood [—] it is Twenty five pound a Cord for bad Oak76 how I shall live I know not sat a little at Zane's & at Smiths in -f even to[o] cold & damp to walk all is dark & uncer- tain that is to come but My spirits not so low as some times no Letters for Me tho others have got some oh My dear child to know of thy well fare is still at My heart I wish most af- fectionatly for J Gs too tho his treatment of Me has been wrong . . . that I may hear soon from My child is my prayer

Friday ye 17th Neighbour smith brought to bed this Morning Nurse was with her Debby has been un- well since Sunday she returned from Bristol. sat some time

74 Richelieu. 75 Mrs. Hannah Growden, Mrs. Galloway's mother. 7d Vide supra. 186 Diary of Grace Growden Galloway with Debby & went to see Betsay smith walked Up & down y6 Aley at Night fine but Cold weather Stoped with Sally Zanes to see Sukey Nanearrio . . .

Saturday y*5 18th Sat Up stairs Mending My Carpet all day Debby worse Just went to Smiths & Zanes: every body sick & Jo Kedman like to dye billy smith told Me this evening that I cou'd now have no part of My estate as it was sold but I find Abel went with Parrots Wife & was told she May have any part of her husbands Estate she Chose Wilson has given no Answer in My Case & I find Abels At- tention is taken Up so Much with ye other Women that he lets Me fall a Sacrifice & cares Nothing about My affairs: & fool- ishly Joins with Mccean that as I did not claim they can do Nothing but as an honest Man how cou'd he suffer My estate which was not forfeited be sold for No other reason but because I did not pay him a Compliment; he now says had I claimed he wou'd have given it [to] me but I believe it all false but I am Now uneasey that I Did not do it for fear I faiPd in My duty so all with Me is over & I am left after [I] have [had] those fine hopes stufPd into My head with the loss of two hun- dred pounds & now May shuffel how I can am Made very Uneasey I wish they had let Me alone I was resigned till they raised My hopes & now they leave Me worse then [sic] they found me Oh Man where is thy friendship am very Uneasey & dissatisfied Sunday y6 19th Debby very ill all day fine weather but I had No company Nor No where to go that I liked went & sat a few Minuets with smiths wife but as she di[d] not set Up Yet I wou'd not stay & I spent a lonely Disagreeable day as I was eating supper Dan Clymer came in & supped with Me he professed the highes[t] regard for Me & as he has behaved well not only to Me but to the Oppressed women in genereal I cou'd not help treating him as My friend; his behavour was as it Use to be [—] rather Childish but he seem'd immoderately glad that I wou'd let him come as a friend & asked after My dear Child said he allways had a regard for her & Me: & indeed I think him sincere forgive Me My Only Child if I do Ought that is Not right or ever take a[n] enemy of yours as My friend but indeed I think him Not so & I was glad to see him I must Now Make friends poor Joseph Eed- man Died this evening about Seven 0clock he had but few days ilness: almost every family have some sick the Town very Unhealthy & Many Dye lately the[y] are taken Sud- Diary of Grace Growden Galloway 187 denly & soon go off with Marks of a putrid disorder77 I [am] afraid to stir out took a large Anodine Unwell in My bowels Monday ye 20th had a poor Night last Night . . . Sat Upstairs great part of y® day in ye afternoon sat with Debby in her Chamber Owen Jones Wife here went down at Night to walk but cou'd get No body to go Moonlight & pleasent Sat with Neighbour Zanes but I think she went beyond Truth in her Discourse about Mony [ ?] for few people are more Americans: I made but a short stay Smith supped with Me & we talked of y6 affair of Griffin I am Uneasey & low spirited nothing can be [illegible]

Friday ye 21th received a letter from J G & My dearest child they ware old dates ye 28 of March & y6 2 of April but they gave a pleasing account of My relations; & I am Over JoyM at it read them to owen Jones Wife & daughter Suckey & Debby: am quite delighted went to see becky shoemaker & read part to her & polly am sorry I did but am quite pleased Drank tea there No News from N York & I have grow[n] Uneasey that I can hear No late Ac- counts God Grant that they may be both well Jo Eedman Buried yesterday but I was Not invited becky shoemaker very kind the letters came threw her came home in ye evening a fine Night but afraid to stir out as the Air is bad & every body sickly supped by Myself am low spirit [ed] Wednessday y6 22d ye weather very fine went to Smiths & drank Caudle Mrs Bond here in ye even & stayM till 10 oclock but Nurse had a sore throat & I wou'd get No Supper for her but she was very kind & made great professions but I know how far her friendship will extend & can't now e[n]tertain such people as wou'd let Me want a Meal before they wouM give me one but I am Uneasey [as?] I let her go home without eating & ye weather was cold I want not such Visits Thursday ye 23d Abel James here in ye Morning I went down but was very bad in ye Cholic he had nothing to say to Me but was very grave I think Smith has told him 77 Seems to have been epidemic. On 9 August, 1779, James Thompson wrote to Joseph Reed from Lancaster, "The Fluxe are very General and Mortal in our Neighbourhood and two of my children are under Loath- some disorder. . . ." {Pennsylvania Archives, VII. 633.) 188 Diary of Grace Growden Galloway tales I am Uneasey to be treated so by him for if he had Not sought Me I should not have apply'd to him & as I am Not Condons of doing any thing to offend & as he is So solicitous for ye other Women I wond[er]ed he behaved so to Me as soon as he went I returned to my room & Lay down & was so bad that [I] was on y6 bed [a] great part of ye day: Owen Jones here in the evening but he had nothing to say that wou'd give me any Comfort to [ok] an Anodine & wrote to my dear- est Child at Night

Friday ye 24th . . . copyed My letter to My child but am disapointed in sending it by Mrs Devine Sat a little with Mr Smith he told Me Nothing wou'd be done for me without a petition I told him I never wouM send one in & I think Abel leaves Me out of the Numbers he patronize [s] but I told not smith so a Number of friends is come to ye yearly Meeting but in a stile [sic] such as I never was conversant with & they are treated Accordingly in the lowest stile I supped by Myself but how 10 or more people is [ ?] Supped without More provision I am amazed every thing dull & mel- ancholy am very Unwell to [ok] Anodine

Saturday ye 25th this is the birth day of My poor child & I sat in my room all day at work with many Mel- ancholy refliction[s] as I know not what her situation is at present Dined on bread butter Cheese & Apple went down before five Sent Nurse out for things she returned with a chilly fit so I was obliged to supp with Debby [—] there was not less than fifteen or 20 people & only a shoulder of bacon & a leg of Veal with [illegible] puddins & an Apple pye Nurse went to bed but is so impatient that I fear her fever is [illegible] timed by other thing [s] than her Distemper Debby thinks so & we gave her a sweat and an Anodine but it has no effect She keeps tumbling & groaning & is quite childish I see I shall have a [illegible] with her am so Uneasey & know not how to Act to [ok] a small Anodine

Sunday ye 26th Nurse som[e] thing better but I had a poor Night & was very unwell & feverish it Eained all day sat in my room sorting papers went down Just before dark, Nurse sat Up Debby & her Maid Eatchel very kind a great Number of friends to supper I supped with them & am better pleased with them than last Night Cox's wife from Maryland is a sensible Agreeable Woman she preached last Night . . .

Monday y6 27th Nurse better today but had a Chill at Tea time & a fever at Night Sally & benny [ ?] Chew drank tea with Me we ware very friendly & I told her I Diary of Grace Groivden Galloway 189 seem'd like an Outcast & as I belonged to Nobody Nobody cared for Me Dr Chovet Just calPd but had No good News I step'd to Suckey Nanncarioes in ye even I told them the quakers was all wiggs we had an Argument on self Deffense came home & supped with Debby & her friends the house full & Nurse sick I know Not how to Act am not well Myself but not quite Unhappy wants to hear from My Child No News

Tusday y* 28th was but indifferent to day Polly biles here in ye afternoon She wouM have talked Me to death but I treaed her very coolly & she went before tea; I step'd into smiths but was sent for by Thomas Stapler he paid Me two hard dollars for a Tree they cut down & spoke as if he wou'd do what he cou'd to help Me after he went came Tommy Austine & he chatted away a little while & then came Isaac Morris & he stayed till near two Oclock he talked Much but neither heard or attended to what he said tho he is very friendly yet I can't but think Myself Unfortunate to be Obliged to hear such stupid people Talk Mrs Butler [?] call[ed] for a few Minuets in y® afternoon I am Not well & am Not happy know not how I shall do this winter.

Wednesday y* 29th Thursday y* 30th