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The Pennsylvania Assembly's Conflict with the Penns, 1754-1768
Liberty University “The Jaws of Proprietary Slavery”: The Pennsylvania Assembly’s Conflict With the Penns, 1754-1768 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the History Department in Candidacy for the Degree of Master of Arts in History by Steven Deyerle Lynchburg, Virginia March, 2013 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1: Liberty or Security: Outbreak of Conflict Between the Assembly and Proprietors ......9 Chapter 2: Bribes, Repeals, and Riots: Steps Toward a Petition for Royal Government ..............33 Chapter 3: Securing Privilege: The Debates and Election of 1764 ...............................................63 Chapter 4: The Greater Threat: Proprietors or Parliament? ...........................................................90 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................113 1 Introduction In late 1755, the vituperative Reverend William Smith reported to his proprietor Thomas Penn that there was “a most wicked Scheme on Foot to run things into Destruction and involve you in the ruins.” 1 The culprits were the members of the colony’s unicameral legislative body, the Pennsylvania Assembly (also called the House of Representatives). The representatives held a different opinion of the conflict, believing that the proprietors were the ones scheming, in order to “erect their desired Superstructure of despotic Power, and reduce to -
Joseph Galloway Speech
Galloway's Speech to Continental Congress, September 1774 - American Memory Timeli ... Page 1 of 3 Library of Congress Teachers The Library of Congress > Teachers > Classroom Materials > Presentations and Activities > Timeline Print Subscribe Share/Save Give Feedback home Joseph Galloway served as a delegate from Pennsylvania to the First Continental Congress in 1774. By 1776, Galloway had become a Tory and then left the colonies for England. In the following speech to the Continental Congress, what position does Galloway take concerning the relationship between Britain and its North American colonies? What arguments does he use to support his position? View the original document from the Journals of the Continental Congress in A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation . Use your browser's Back Button to return to this point. If we sincerely mean to accommodate the difference between the two countries, and to establish their union on more firm and constitutional principles, we must take into consideration a number of facts which led the Parliament to pass the acts complained of, since the year 1763, and the real state of the Colonies. A clear and perfect knowledge of these matters only can lead us to the ground of substantial redress and permanent harmony. I will therefore call your recollection to the dangerous situation of the Colonies from the intrigues of France, and the incursions of the Canadians and their Indian allies, at the commencement of the last war. None of us can be ignorant of the just sense they then entertained of that danger, and of their incapacity to defend themselves against it, nor of the supplications made to the Parent State for its assistance, nor of the cheerfulness with which Great-Britain sent over her fleets and armies for their protection, of the millions she expended in that protection, and of the happy consequences which attended it. -
Richatd Henry Lee 0Az-1Ts4l Although He Is Not Considered the Father of Our Country, Richard Henry Lee in Many Respects Was a Chief Architect of It
rl Name Class Date , BTocRAPHY Acrtvrry 2 Richatd Henry Lee 0az-1ts4l Although he is not considered the father of our country, Richard Henry Lee in many respects was a chief architect of it. As a member of the Continental Congress, Lee introduced a resolution stating that "These United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States." Lee's resolution led the Congress to commission the Declaration of Independence and forever shaped U.S. history. Lee was born to a wealthy family in Virginia and educated at one of the finest schools in England. Following his return to America, Lee served as a justice of the peace for Westmoreland County, Virginia, in 1757. The following year, he entered Virginia's House of Burgesses. Richard Henry Lee For much of that time, however, Lee was a quiet and almost indifferent member of political connections with Britain be Virginia's state legislature. That changed "totaIIy dissolved." The second called in 1765, when Lee joined Patrick Henry for creating ties with foreign countries. in a spirited debate opposing the Stamp The third resolution called for forming a c Act. Lee also spoke out against the confederation of American colonies. John .o c Townshend Acts and worked establish o to Adams, a deiegate from Massachusetts, o- E committees of correspondence that seconded Lee's resolution. A Declaration o U supported cooperation between American of Independence was quickly drafted. =3 colonies. 6 Loyalty to Uirginia An Active Patriot Despite his support for the o colonies' F When tensions with Britain increased, separation from Britain, Lee cautioned ! o the colonies organized the Continental against a strong national government. -
Philadelphia, the Indispensable City of the American Founding the FPRI Ginsburg—Satell Lecture 2020 Colonial Philadelphia
Philadelphia, the Indispensable City of the American Founding The FPRI Ginsburg—Satell Lecture 2020 Colonial Philadelphia Though its population was only 35,000 to 40,000 around 1776 Philadelphia was the largest city in North America and the second-largest English- speaking city in the world! Its harbor and central location made it a natural crossroads for the 13 British colonies. Its population was also unusually diverse, since the original Quaker colonists had become a dwindling minority among other English, Scottish, and Welsh inhabitants, a large admixture of Germans, plus French Huguenots, Dutchmen, and Sephardic Jews. But Beware of Prolepsis! Despite the city’s key position its centrality to the American Revolution was by no means inevitable. For that matter, American independence itself was by no means inevitable. For instance, William Penn (above) and Benjamin Franklin (below) were both ardent imperial patriots. We learned of Franklin’s loyalty to King George III last time…. Benjamin Franklin … … and the Crisis of the British Empire The FPRI Ginsburg-Satell Lecture 2019 The First Continental Congress met at Carpenters Hall in Philadelphia where representatives of 12 of the colonies met to protest Parliament’s Coercive Acts, deemed “Intolerable” by Americans. But Congress (narrowly) rejected the Galloway Plan under which Americans would form their own legislature and tax themselves on behalf of the British crown. Hence, “no taxation without representation” wasn’t really the issue. WHAT IF… The Redcoats had won the Battle of Bunker Hill (left)? The Continental Army had not escaped capture on Long Island (right)? Washington had been shot at the Battle of Brandywine (left)? Or dared not undertake the risky Yorktown campaign (right)? Why did King Charles II grant William Penn a charter for a New World colony nearly as large as England itself? Nobody knows, but his intention was to found a Quaker colony dedicated to peace, religious toleration, and prosperity. -
Of the Commemorative Ceremony-A Description
.DOCUMENT RESUME . SO00947 9 : Commemoration,Ceremony in konor, of the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the First ContinentalCongress in the United States House' of Representatives,September Twenty-Fifth, Nineteen Hundred andSeventy-Four. INSTITUTION Congress of the U.-$., Washington, D.C. House. 'REPORT NO 93-413 PUB:DATE 75 i NOTE 151p. Superintendent of Documents, U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, Washington,.D.C. 20402 (stockno. -052-071-00432-7, $1.80) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 HC-$8.69 Plus Postage. -DESCRIPTORS American Culture; American Studies; Civics;*Colonial History (United States); ConstitutiOnal History; . Educational Resources; *FederalGovernment; Federal 'Programs; Government Publications; GovqrnmentRole; History Instruction; Political Influences;Political .Science; Politics; *Primary Sources;Roference Materials; Resource Materials;. RevolutionaryWar (United States); Social History; *supplcmentary Reading Materials; *United StatesHistelry IDENTIFIERS *Eicdntenniai; *Continental CongressOst) ABSTRACT This documen+ provides a report ofactivities undertaken at the first official bicentennialcelehrntion by the U.S. Congress in January 1974..The projectwas initiated .to provide commemoration of the First ContinentalCongress which met in Philadelphia in September 1774. The booldetpresents the proceedings of the commemorative ceremony-a descriptionof tiazo Old Guard Fife Drum Corps, and the Camerata Chorus Of Washington.In the major portion of the booklet, a documentaryhistory of the First Continental Congress is presented. Thethree sections -
American Self-Government: the First & Second Continental Congress
American Self-Government: The First and Second Continental Congress “…the eyes of the virtuous all over the earth are turned with anxiety on us, as the only depositories of the sacred fire of liberty, and…our falling into anarchy would decide forever the destinies of mankind, and seal the political heresy that man is incapable of self-government.” ~ Thomas Jefferson Overview Students will explore the movement of the colonies towards self-government by examining the choices made by the Second Continental Congress, noting how American delegates were influenced by philosophers such as John Locke. Students will participate in an activity in which they assume the role of a Congressional member in the year 1775 and devise a plan for America after the onset of war. This lesson can optionally end with a Socratic Seminar or translation activity on the Declaration of Independence. Grades Middle & High School Materials • “American Self Government – First & Second Continental Congress Power Point,” available in Carolina K- 12’s Database of K-12 Resources (in PDF format): https://k12database.unc.edu/wp- content/uploads/sites/31/2021/01/AmericanSelfGovtContCongressPPT.pdf o To view this PDF as a projectable presentation, save the file, click “View” in the top menu bar of the file, and select “Full Screen Mode” o To request an editable PPT version of this presentation, send a request to [email protected] • The Bostonians Paying the Excise Man, image attached or available in power point • The Battle of Lexington, image attached or available in power -
Martin's Bench and Bar of Philadelphia
MARTIN'S BENCH AND BAR OF PHILADELPHIA Together with other Lists of persons appointed to Administer the Laws in the City and County of Philadelphia, and the Province and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania BY , JOHN HILL MARTIN OF THE PHILADELPHIA BAR OF C PHILADELPHIA KKKS WELSH & CO., PUBLISHERS No. 19 South Ninth Street 1883 Entered according to the Act of Congress, On the 12th day of March, in the year 1883, BY JOHN HILL MARTIN, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. W. H. PILE, PRINTER, No. 422 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. Stack Annex 5 PREFACE. IT has been no part of my intention in compiling these lists entitled "The Bench and Bar of Philadelphia," to give a history of the organization of the Courts, but merely names of Judges, with dates of their commissions; Lawyers and dates of their ad- mission, and lists of other persons connected with the administra- tion of the Laws in this City and County, and in the Province and Commonwealth. Some necessary information and notes have been added to a few of the lists. And in addition it may not be out of place here to state that Courts of Justice, in what is now the Com- monwealth of Pennsylvania, were first established by the Swedes, in 1642, at New Gottenburg, nowTinicum, by Governor John Printz, who was instructed to decide all controversies according to the laws, customs and usages of Sweden. What Courts he established and what the modes of procedure therein, can only be conjectur- ed by what subsequently occurred, and by the record of Upland Court. -
F:(T/("J~/ R PROCEEDINGS
f:(t/("J~/ r PROCEEDINGS. THE RECENT DISCOVERIES OF W ESLEY JV\55. AT THE BooK ROOJY\. The Standard Edition of Wesley's Journal could scarcely have reached its present stage of comparative completeness but for discoveries. Ancient notebooks, letters yellow with age, a few choice men with leisure and inclination to read them and with knowledge of the niches into which they naturally fit, were found. Yet, as some would argue, the books and papers had never been actually lost. By sale, gift or marriage, they had passed from hand to hand, very often the hands belonging to heads that neither understood nor cared for such things, except as curiosities, which, like inscribed stones and Worcester china, were gaining money-value by age. But just because they were old and once belonged to men of note, they were securely guarded in strong rooms, Chubb's safes, or women's treasure-boxes. They were "lost" in "safe places." I once held in my hand a printed book, now fabulously valuable, which when shown to me had risen in price from two-pence to a hundred pounds. It was " found" on a street-barrow by a man who had eyes to see. But of the hundreds of Wesley MSS. which have passed through my hands not one, so far as I know, was ever "lost " in the book-barrow sense. Someone has always known of its existence, though perhaps for fifty or a hundred years no one has realised its intrinsic importance. This is true of nearly if not quite all of the Wesley MSS. -
Colonists Respond to the Outbreak of War, 1774-1775, Compilation
MAKING THE REVOLUTION: AMERICA, 1763-1791 PRIMARY SOURCE COLLECTION American Antiquarian Society broadside reporting the Battle of Lexington & Concord,19 April 1775; 1775 (detail) 1775: “With Triumph crown AMERICA Farewell England” The Outbreak of the American Revolution: A Selection from Letters, Essays, Sermons, Newspaper Reports, Declarations, Poetry & Song, A Debate & A History 1774____* Sept.-Oct.: FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS meets in Philadelphia; issues a petition to the king, a bill of rights, a list of grievances, and letters to the American colonists and to the inhabitants of Great Britain. The petition is rejected. 1775____ 9 Feb.: Parliament declares the colony of Massachusetts to be in a state of open rebellion. April-June: Military confrontations with casualties occur between Patriots and British troops in Massachusetts and New York, initiating a state of war between the colonies and Great Britain. May: SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS convenes in Philadelphia, issues final appeals and declarations, and creates the continental army. The Congress remains the central governing body of the colonies throughout the Revolution. PAGES ___CONTENT S___ A Newspaper Debate on the Eve of War ............................................................................. 2-3 “Novanglus” (John Adams, Patriot) & “Massachusettensis” (Daniel Leonard, Loyalist), Dec. 1774-April 1775 First Military Confrontations of the Revolution...................................................................... 4-6 Fort William & Mary, Lexington & Concord, -
US Constitution
HISTORICAL NOTE HISTORICAL NOTE ON FORMATION OF THE CONSTITUTION In June 1774, the Virginia and Massachusetts assemblies independently proposed an intercolonial meeting of delegates from the several colonies to restore union and harmony between Great Britain and her American Colo- nies. Pursuant to these calls there met in Philadelphia in September of that year the first Continental Congress, composed of delegates from 12 colonies. On October 14, 1774, the assembly adopted what has become to be known as the Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress. In that instrument, addressed to his Majesty and to the people of Great Britain, there was embodied a statement of rights and principles, many of which were later to be incorporated in the Declaration of Independence and the Federal Constitution. 1 This Congress adjourned in October with a recommendation that an- other Congress be held in Philadelphia the following May. Before its succes- sor met, the battle of Lexington had been fought. In Massachusetts the colo- nists had organized their own government in defiance of the royal governor and the Crown. Hence, by general necessity and by common consent, the second Continental Congress assumed control of the ``Twelve United Colo- nies'', soon to become the ``Thirteen United Colonies'' by the cooperation of Georgia. It became a de facto government; it called upon the other colonies to assist in the defense of Massachusetts; it issued bills of credit; it took steps to organize a military force, and appointed George Washington com- mander in chief of the Army. While the declaration of the causes and necessities of taking up arms of July 6, 1775, 2 expressed a ``wish'' to see the union between Great Britain and the colonies ``restored'', sentiment for independence was growing. -
Justice in Alaska Depends on Jurors
Justice in Alaska Depends on Jurors November 5, 2014 Ketchikan Daily News By: Judge Trevor Stephens, presiding judge for Alaska’s First Judicial District. The right to trial by jury developed over centuries in England beginning with Viking raiders. Trial by jury was a concession the English barons extracted from King John in 1215 in the Magna Carta. On July 4, 1776, members of the Continental Congress signed the Declaration of Independence, declaring that the United States of America was dissolving its “political bands” with Great Britain because King George III had denied the colonists their rights as British citizens, including “in many cases, the benefits of trial by jury.” Benjamin Franklin was quoted as saying at the time that: “We must, indeed, all hang together or, most assuredly, we shall hang separately.” Whether he actually said this or not, the signers believed that the rights at issue were so important that they were willing to risk their lives to secure the same. The right to trial by jury is enshrined in the United States Constitution in the Sixth and Seventh Amendments. The right of the accused to grand jury review of felony charges is protected by the Fifth Amendment. These rights are also protected under Article l, Sections 8, 11 and 16 of the Alaska Constitution. All persons who are residents of Alaska, can read or speak the English language, are of sound mind, in possession of their natural faculties, at least 18 years of age, citizens of the United States, not on felony probation or parole, and who have not served as a juror within the preceding 12 months are qualified to serve as jurors. -
First Continental Congress
November 4, 2019 First Continental Congress When the British government issued the Intolerable Acts the colonists realized that even though they were British citizens the British government didn't see them that way. So, in September 1774 in Philadelphia, 56 delegates from each colony got together to talk about the future of the colonies. Some wanted to break away from Britain while others wanted to find away to get along with the British. They finally decided to send a petition to Parliament stating the rights of the colonists. The Congress also gave Parliament a deadline to respond and the colonist would not trade with Britain until a deal was made. Notes: * First Continental Congress (September 1774) * 56 delegates * Created a petition, stating rights of the colonists, that was sent to Parliament. November 4, 2019 After theL Firestx Conitninegnttaol Cnong r&ess had mCeto an grocuop orf cdolonists, from Massachusetts, took matters into their own hands. On April 19, 1775 in Lexington, Massachusetts a group of colonists shot at British soldiers. Several of the colonists were either killed or wounded. The British then marched to Concord where fighting resumed. 73 of the British soldiers were killed and another 174 wounded. Even though these battles were brief it marked the beginning of a bitter war with Britain. Notes: * Battle of Lexington & Concord: April 19, 1775 * Start of the American Revolution November 4, 2019 Te Declaration of Independence Even though there was fighting going on some of the colonists believed their problems with Britain could be resolved. So representatives met on June 7, 1776 to discuss what to do, this was known as the Second Continental Congress.