DOCSLIB.ORG

Report on the Presidential Elections in Mongolia on May 24, 2009

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Report on the Presidential Elections in Mongolia on May 24, 2009 REPORT ON THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS IN MONGOLIA ON MAY 24, 2009 Thomas Schrapel On May 24 of this year, the Mongolians elected their next president. A total of 1.5 million registered voters had to choose between two candidates: the current incumbent, N. Enkhbayar of the Mongolian Revolutionary People’s Party (MRPP), and his challenger, Ts. Elbegdorj, who was standing for an op- position alliance consisting of the Democratic Party (DP), the Civil Will Re- publican Party (CWRP), and the Civic Alliance Party (Greens). To the surprise of many, Mr Elbegdorj won a resounding victory at 52 percent, a lead that was even greater in the capital, Ulaanbaatar, than in the provinces. The in- coming president will probably assume his office on July 11 of this year. Both candidates are outstanding actors in Mongolia’s young democracy: Born in 1958, Mr Enkhbayar studied at the Maxim Gorki Institute in Moscow as well as in Leeds. He acquired great merit not only between 1992 and 1996 when, as minister of culture, he promoted the reform of the MRPP, which was communist at the time. He was also one of the driving forces when the MRPP sought to regenerate itself in opposition in the second half of the nine- ties, after the new democratic movement had taken the helm. It is due to the impulses he provided that the party today is regarded as one of the pil- lars of the country’s democracy even on the international plane. In June 2000, the MRPP won another clear victory, and Mr Enkhbayar became prime minister. One year after the end of his term, in 2005, he emerged victorious from the presidential elections, and he might have had a good chance of be- ing re-elected this year if this was permitted by the electoral code. Born in 1963, Mr Elbegdorj studied journalism in the Ukrainian city of Lvov during the Soviet era. Until 1990, he was one of the editors of the Mongolian Army Journal. As early as November 1989, he began supporting democratic reforms and leading opposition demonstrations in Ulaanbaatar. One of the fathers of the country’s first democratic constitution, Mr Elbegdorj was the democratic movement’s most important guide on its way to the Democratic Party of today. After a brief spell as prime minister in 1998, he went to the USA to study communications science following the defeat of his party in 2000. Regarded as the leading light of the Mongolian Academy for Political Education, Mr Elbegdorj was again elected prime minister for two years in 2004. The recent presidential elections were still noticeably marred by the memory of the violent riots which broke out on July 1, 2008, when the MRPP govern- ment announced that the result of the parliamentary elections had been a clear vote in its favour. Demonstrators who charged the MRPP with having rigged the elections and vented their fury were arrested in their hundreds. Although international observers found no proof that the elections had actu- ally been manipulated, there may well have been some irregularities. There can be no doubt that the MRPP still holds all key positions in the administra- tion, is still regarded as the ’state party’, and was well placed to campaign much more efficiently than the opposition. Mistrust was further fuelled by the blurring of the boundary line between state action and party support, so that judgement on the charge of manipulation must be reserved. However, the shock of July 1 was also beneficial in a way. Thus, the cam- paign and the election itself remained largely free from violence, and the readiness with which the MRPP leaders recognized Mr Elbegdorj as the win- ner also had a de-escalating effect. The recent campaign, like the previous one, was a contest between the MRPP and the DP. Although it did focus on content here and there, it was domi- nated by persons and their endeavours to brush up their own image. Mr Enkhbayar sought to display his competence as head of government dur- ing the last few years, albeit without the effect he had hoped for. His cam- paign seemed listless, the MRPP’s campaign machine was slow to start, and there was hardly any of its representatives who promoted the president visi- bly and efficiently. To be sure, Mr Enkhbayar embodied statesmanship with his experience as party chairman and prime minister, but the way in which he did it was not convincing. He did earn some respect with his attempt to establish Buddhism as a kind of state religion, but it was just that attempt which made him appear cynical because the MRPP was the party which had tried to extirpate Buddhist culture in 1937/38 by order of the Soviets and prosecuted any religious practice until the eighties. Another factor which Mr Enkhbayar had underestimated was the people’s wish for change. The stead- ily widening social gap is worrying many Mongolians. Moreover, people are fed up with corruption, an evil that is largely associated with the ’old guard’, of which the president of the country is seen as the most prominent member For Mr Elbegdorj and his DP, the chances of winning the elections looked anything but good at first. The challenger himself was criticized with having partially caused the explosive atmosphere in the capital with his massive charges of electoral fraud against the MRPP. Moreover, his image was further tainted when he lost his position at the head of his party and refused to form a coalition government with the ruling party. It is all the more astonishing that he did succeed in lining up his party behind him and taking aboard the CWRP and the Greens, both minor parties in the Mongolian parliament. It was the latter step which proved greatly advantageous because a growing number of Mongolians are turning their backs on the big parties. When the opposition joined forces and Mr Elbegdorj was supported by the chairpersons of the minor parties, large segments of the population were added to his fol- lowing: Mrs Ouyn, the head of the CWRP and onetime foreign minister, is sis- ter to the country’s leading democracy activist, while Mr Enkhbat, the chair- man of the Greens, is seen as epitomizing civil society. Even Mr Obama’s ’change’ slogan had its effect when Mr Elbegdorj, a gifted orator, used it to put himself into the limelight – in a country where the importance of televi- sion is growing. The still-young Democratic Party has certainly been strengthened enor- mously by the outcome of the election of May 24. Moreover, it is a personal triumph for Mr Elbegdorj himself, all the more so as he was twice dismissed before the end of his term when he was prime minister before. The new president of Mongolia will not have much time to make good on his promises and present his first successes. The population has been growing impatient since the last parliamentary elections as both major parties had made many promises then, the most important among them being that Mongolians should have a generous share in the revenue from the sale of primary goods. At the time, there was some talk of massive foreign investments in mining. However, these will hardly materialize anytime soon, not only because of the current crisis but also because of the passivity of parliament, which keeps deferring the execution of the relevant contracts. At the same time, the new president himself will be largely relegated to the role of observer in all these matters. But then again, Mr Elbegdorj is certainly not a man to confine himself to mere political symbolism. He will use the options offered by his office, initiat- ing bills and shaping day-to-day politics to his liking wherever he can. His success in mitigating poverty and his resolution in fighting corruption will certainly be the standards by which the people will measure his quality first of all. His foreign policy, on the other hand, might harbour a few surprises. In his relations with Russia and China, he will probably keep to the strategy of playing the ’third partner’ to the two ’first partners’. As a self-declared friend of the USA, however, Mr Elbegdorj will have to reckon with some cool- ness on the part of Moscow and Beijing. At the same time, the leaders in Ulaanbaatar are well aware that, like it or not, they will have to relate all im- portant steps in foreign as well as in export policy to the two neighbouring countries. IN: Auslandsinformationen 5-6/2009, ISSN 0177-7521, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V., Berlin, p.169-173 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Book of Abstracts
    INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEMOCRACY IN THE 21ST CENTURY CHALLENGES AND WAYS FORWARD BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 9-10 July, 2018 WELCOME NOTE Welcome note by the in Ulaanbaatar, as Mongolia has its own unique experience of democracy. President of the World This Conference - with is interesting topics on Society Foundation civil society, rural-urban cleavages and the role of On behalf of the World Society extractives - allows scholars to engage in dialogue Foundation it is my distinct on the ‘ways forward’ (in strengthening democracy pleasure to welcome you all to and global society) that benefit the well-being of the ‘International Conference on all. Selected papers from the Conference will be Democracy in the 21st Century’ published in the World Society Foundation book here in Ulaanbaatar! The World series ‘World Society Studies’. Society Foundation’s conference The Independent Research Institute of Mongolia’s has been organized annually Organizing Team has been crucial in all stages of since 2007; covering various preparation of the Conference. Special thanks go to global issues, such those related the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation to inequality and sustainability and the University of Neuchatel for their generosity that we are now facing. As such, in providing sponsorship for the Conference. the Foundation aims to sustain A very warm welcome to all participants. I hope you a network of excellent scholars enjoy the Conference and the beautiful summer interested in transnational and weather here in Mongolia! global research topics. In 2018, the Conference theme Christian Suter, ‘Democracy in the 21st Century: President, the World Society Foundation (Zurich) Challenges and Ways Forward’ provides a platform for scholars from different disciplines, and from different regions, to come together and share their research.
    [Show full text]
  • Law on the Election of the State Great Hural of Mongolia Procedure For
    LAW ON THE ELECTION OF THE STATE GREAT HURAL OF MONGOLIA PROCEDURE FOR OBSERVATION AND REPORTING ON THE ELECTION OF THE STATE GREAT HURAL OF MONGOLIA ULAANBAATAR 2012 LAW ON THE ELECTION OF THE STATE GREAT HURAL OF MONGOLIA PROCEDURE FOR OBSERVATION AND REPORTING ON THE ELECTION OF THE STATE GREAT HURAL OF MONGOLIA ULAANBAATAR 2012 1 CONTENTS 1. LAW ON THE ELECTION OF THE STATE GREAT HURAL OF MONGOLIA 2. PROCEDURE FOR OBSERVATION AND REPORTING ON THE ELECTION OF THE STATE GREAT HURAL OF MONGOLIA Unofficial translation LAW OF MONGOLIA December 15, 2011 LAW ON THE ELECTION OF THE STATE GREAT HURAL OF MONGOLIA (Revised) CHAPTER ONE General provisions Article 1. Purpose of the Law 1.1. The purpose of the Law is to define the basic principles and procedures of the election of State Great Hural of Mongolia, ensure the right of a citizen of Mongolia to elect and be elected, and regulate the relations arising from the organization and conduct of elections. Article 2. Legislation on the State Great Hural elections 2.1. The legislation on the election of the State Great Hural of Mongolia consists of the Constitution of Mongolia,1 this law, and and other legal acts passed in conformity with these laws. Article 3. Legal terms and definitions 3.1. The following terms used in this Law shall be construed as follows: 3.1.1. “Voter” means a citizen of Mongolia eligible to vote�� 3.1.2. “����������������������������������������������������������Citizen eligible to vote” means a citizen who has attained the age of eighteen years and has the full legal capacity as set forth in Article 15.1 of the Civil Law�2 1 Constitution of Mongolia, State Information Bulletin, Issue 1, 1992 2 Civil Law of Mongolia, State Information Bulletin, Issue 7, 2002 3.1.3.
    [Show full text]
  • Democratic Transition and the Electoral Process in Mongolia
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Saskatchewan's Research Archive DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION AND THE ELECTORAL PROCESS IN MONGOLIA A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Masters of Arts In the Department of Political Studies University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By Gerelt-Od Bayantur © Copyright Gerelt-Od Bayantur, April 2008. All rights reserved PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work, or in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of the thesis, in whole or in part, for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Requests for permission to copy or to make other use of material in this thesis in whole or in part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of Political Studies 9 Campus Drive University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5A5 i ABSTRACT This thesis is a study democratic transition paradigm in Mongolia from its communist past to its present status as a democratic country.
    [Show full text]
  • Oyu Tolgoi Report on Phase 1 Activities of the Cultural Heritage
    Protecting the Past, Preserving the Present Report on Phase 1 Activities of the Oyu Tolgoi Cultural Heritage Program Design for Ömnögovi Aimag Edited by B. Gunchinsuren, Jeffrey H. Altschul, and John W. Olsen Submitted by: SSustainabilityustainability East Asia LLLLCC Mongolian Academy of Sciences Institute of Archaeology Statistical Research, Inc. University of Arizona OYU TOLGOI LLC CULTURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM – PHASE ONE REPORT Document No. IMM033_CHP_201102 PHASE 1 REPORT_ENG_REV0.DOC EDITED BY B. GUNCHINSUREN, JEFFREY H. ALTSCHUL, AND JOHN W. OLSEN CONTRIBUTORS: B. GUNCHINSUREN CH. AMARTUVSHIN S. CHULUUN J. GERELBADRAKH KH. TSOGTBAATAR JEFFREY H. ALTSCHUL WILLIAM E. HAYDEN JEFFREY A. HOMBURG Submitted By: In Collaboration With: Sustainability East Asia LLC Mongolian Academy of Sciences Institute of Archaeology Statistical Research, Inc. University of Arizona MIHT: MONGOLIAN INTERNATIONAL HERITAGE TEAM TABLE OF CONTENTS _Toc295825927 List of Tables................................................................................................9 List of Figures .............................................................................................10 1. Introduction........................................................................................13 1.1 What Is Cultural Heritage? ..................................................................13 1.2 The Stuff of Heritage: Tangible and Intangible Resources......................15 1.3 The Mongolian International Heritage Team .........................................16 1.4 Project
    [Show full text]
  • 3. Mongolian Management: Local Practitioners' Perspectives in The
    3. Mongolian management: local practitioners’ perspectives in the face of political, economic and socio-cultural changes Saranzaya Manalsuren, Marina Michalski and Martyna Śliwa INTRODUCTION Mongolia, one of the last remaining nomadic countries, with its rich mineral deposits of coal, copper, gold, uranium and rare earths, estimated at US$2.75 trillion, is considered to have high potential investment opportunities. Since the beginning of transition from a socialist to a democratic regime in 1991, Mongolia has opened its borders to the rest of the world and the country’s economy has experienced tremendous changes. It became the world’s fastest growing economy with 17.5 per cent gross domestic product (GDP) growth in 2011, and yet had the world’s worst- performing currency in 2016, when it lost approximately 7.8 per cent of its value within a month (e.g., Kohn, 2016). Volatility in the local economy and politics has led to a slowdown in foreign direct investment since 2011, although interest in working with Mongolians and conducting business in the country has not declined. Since 1990, more than 10 709 foreign com- panies have invested more than US$590.3 billion, and 11 514 companies from 35 different countries have entered the Mongolian business sector (National Statistical Office, 2016). Local managers have faced increasing challenges when working with expatriates and foreign investors, and in adapting to international standards. For those wishing to do business in Mongolia, an important need has arisen to develop a deeper appreciation of how management is understood among local practitioners. Mongolia is one of the newest emerging nations in the global economy, but the Western world does not yet know enough about its management practices.
    [Show full text]
  • Mongolia Presidential Elections, 26 June 2017
    ELECTION OBSERVATION DELEGATION TO THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS IN MONGOLIA (26 JUNE 2017) Report by Laima ANDRIKIENĖ, Head of the Delegation Annexes: A. List of participants B. Statement of the Chair of the EP Delegation at the press conference C. IEOM Joint Press Statement D. IEOM Preliminary Findings and Conclusions Introduction Following an invitation sent by the Head of the mission of Mongolia to the EU on behalf of the General Election Commission, the Conference of Presidents of the European Parliament authorised, on 18 May 2017, the sending of an Election Observation Delegation to observe the presidential elections in Mongolia scheduled for 26 June 2017; the European Parliament had, previously, given its consent, on 15 February 2017, to the conclusion of the EU-Mongolia Partnership and Cooperation Agreement. The resolution adopted on this occasion welcomed and encouraged Mongolia’s efforts to consolidate democratic progress and the rule of law, including multi-party elections. The European Parliament Election Observation Delegation was composed of five Members: Ms Laima Liucija ANDRIKIENĖ (EPP, Lithuania), Mr Joachim ZELLER (EPP, Germany), Mr Ivan STEFANEC (EPP, Slovakia), Mr Enrique GUERRERO SALOM (S&D, Spain), and Mr Javier NART (ALDE, Spain). Ms ANDRIKIENĖ was unanimously elected Head of the Delegation at the constituent meeting held on 6 June 2017. The European Parliament Delegation performed the election observation in accordance with the Declaration of Principles of International Election Observation and the Code of Conduct for international election observers. It followed the OSCE/ODIHR's methodology in the evaluation procedure and assessed the election for its compliance with OSCE commitments for democratic elections.
    [Show full text]
  • Presidential Elections in Mongolia
    PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS IN MONGOLIA Election of Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh as President may help bring the political crisis in Mongolia to an end and open up the economy to investors June 2021 Topics and sectors Mongolia, Elections, Mining Sector Stakeholders China, Russia, countries of Asia Pacific On 9 June 2021, Mongolia held Presidential elections in which Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh, former Prime Minister from October 2017 to January 2021, won 67% of the vote (voter turnout was 52.7% with a required minimum of 50%). Since 1990, international observers have recognized all elections in Mongolia as democratic and have again confirmed these elections were free and fair. Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh is Сhairman of the Mongolian People’s Party. Luvsannamsrai Oyun-Erdene, from the same party, has been Mongolia’s Prime Minister since January 2021: this situation is helping to reduce tension between the offices of the President and the Prime Minister, who had previously represented different political forces. Additionally, projects announced by Khürelsükh for diversifying the economy are likely to make the national government more open to investment from Russia and Western countries. These elections are the first since the amended Constitution was adopted in 2019, significantly curtailing the powers of the President in favour of the Prime Minister; for example extending Presidential terms from four to six years1. In April this year, the Constitutional Court (CC) ruled that former President Khaltmaagiin Battulga would not be eligible to run in these elections because of new Constitutional provisions. The Presidential elections might mark an end to Mongolia’s long-running political crisis, with the following issues having dominated the political landscape since 2017: Confrontation between the two biggest parties, the Mongolian People’s Party (MPP, centre-left) and the Democratic Party (DP, a moderate right-wing party).
    [Show full text]
  • Mongolia's Presidential Election
    INSIGHTi Mongolia’s Presidential Election June 21, 2021 Mongolia’s June 9 presidential election delivered a decisive victory for Ukhnaagiin Khurelsukh, the country’s former Prime Minister (October 2017–January 2021) and current chairman of the ruling Mongolian People’s Party (MPP). Khurelsukh received a record 68% of the vote. The Right Person Electorate Coalition’s Dangaasurengiin Enkhbat came in second, with 20%, while Sodnomzunduin Erdene, the candidate from incumbent President Khaltmaagiin Battulga’s Democratic Party (DP), received 6%. Voter turnout, at just under 60%, exceeded the required 50% threshold but was lower than in previous elections. According to Mongolia’s electoral laws, presidential candidates can only be nominated by a party with parliamentary representation, but the president-elect must suspend party membership before assuming office. Nevertheless, Khurelsukh’s victory is generally seen as cementing MPP control over the government, as the party holds a commanding majority in parliament. He is set to take office in July. Political Background Following a peaceful revolution in 1990, Mongolia embarked on a successful democratic transition that set it apart from other formerly communist countries in the region. Congress has expressed strong support for Mongolian democracy and the U.S.-Mongolia strategic partnership. Elections in Mongolia are generally considered free and fair, and Mongolia is the only formerly communist country in Asia classified as “Free” by the U.S. nongovernmental organization Freedom House. The U.S. State Department describes Mongolia’s achievements in terms of democratization and market reforms as “impressive,” but notes that institutional weakness and widespread corruption are enduring challenges. Mongolia has passed the Millennium Challenge Corporation’s scorecard on control of corruption and democratic rights every year since 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Natalia Lissenkova Doctor of Philosophy the University of Leeds
    The PRC's Official Discourse on Mongolia since 1990 Natalia Lissenkova Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds East Asian Studies Department September 2007 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is her own work and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from this thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. 2 Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dr Caroline Rose, my supersisor. for commenting on many drafts of this thesis, and, at numerous critical points, offering encouragement and support. This thesis would not have been written wwithout her help. I am grateful to Dr Flemming Christiansen for reading the whole thesis in its last draft and offering many helpful comments. Dr Rachel Hutchinson's suggestions on research methodology were crucial for working out the theoretical framework of the thesis. Dr Caroline Humphrey read and commented on the Chapter 4. Professor Delia Dev in offered valuable support at the initial stage of work on this thesis. I am particularly grateful to the Universities' China Committee in London for a grant that secured the field study in China and Mongolia. Dr Kerry Brown read all the drafts and offered valuable help on a wide range of issues from concepts of nationalism in China and Mongolia, to presentation of the thesis. I am also grateful to Ms Jenny He of Lecds University Library, without whom I would not acquire some important material for the thesis in the UK and China, and to Dr Ning YI who helped me to organise my stay in Beijing.
    [Show full text]
  • Study on the Administrative Divisions in China's Border Areas from the Perspective of Nation-State Building
    Asian Social Science; Vol. 14, No. 6; 2018 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Study on the Administrative Divisions in China’s Border Areas from the Perspective of Nation-state Building --- Changes to the Administrative Divisions in Inner Mongolia in the 20th Century Sun Jing1 1 School of Literature, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China Correspondence: Sun Jing, No. 6 Students Dormitory, Shipai Campus, Jinan University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China. E-mail: [email protected] Received: April 1, 2018 Accepted: April 24, 2018 Online Published: May 28, 2018 doi:10.5539/ass.v14n6p98 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n6p98 Abstract From the end of the Yuan Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, when Inner Mongolia was still a special administrative region of the Qing Empire, the Mongolian nomad's territory went through numerous significant changes. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the administrative divisions in Inner Mongolia underwent three major changes and after continuous integration they were incorporated into the administrative territory of the People's Republic of China in a manner that was compatible with the behavior of a modern nation-state. Such changes can neither be ascribed to the natural process of national development and it’s accompanying fissions nor to the sinocization of Inner Mongolian initiated by Han migrants. Instead, it is derived from the game of power played in the region by various forces, from the Manchu and Han peoples, to the Mongolians, Russians and Japanese, and the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party in the period of surging modern nationalism.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Was Mongolia Successful? Political and Economic Transition in 1990-1996
    ABSTRACT Title of Document: WHY WAS MONGOLIA SUCCESSFUL? POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TRANSITION IN 1990-1996 Narantuya Chuluunbat, PhD 2013 Directed By: Prof. Peter Reuter, PhD, School of Public Policy Mongolia’s historical, geographical, political, and economic circumstances seem to be closest to those of the Central Asian states. Yet, unlike these states, Mongolia was able to successfully transition to a democratic political regime and introduce far-reaching economic reforms. This dissertation analyzes this puzzle by focusing on the early transition period in Mongolia. The dissertation provides detailed account of political and economic processes during the ten years from 1987 to 1996. The account of events is based on primary data drawn from government and party documents, cabinet minutes, daily newspaper accounts, memoirs of the participants, and detailed interviews with the participants of the events. In addition to the detailed description, the dissertation provides alternative theoretical frameworks – as opposed to the structural explanations provided thus far – which could be useful in explaining why things happened the way they did in Mongolia. Namely, the dissertation brings in two groups of political economy theories – institutions and constitutional design and special interest and collective action theories –and attempts to explain the events in Mongolia through the lens of these theoretical arguments. The first chapter provides a comprehensive literature review on Mongolia’s political and economic transition and places it in a comparative perspective. The second chapter describes and analyzes the nature and extent of the partial economic and political reforms that were implemented in the late communist period. The third chapter describes in detail the political events that led to the collapse of the long-standing communist regime and the subsequent radical political changes that took place following the peaceful “democratic revolution”.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Framework for Quadrennial Periodic Reports On
    FRAMEWORK FOR QUADRENNIAL PERIODIC REPORTS ON MEASURES TO PROTECT AND PROMOTE THE DIVERSITY OF CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS Summary Accessing international agreements and conventions, the Government of Mongolia has been undertaken appropriate measures aimed at protecting and promoting cultural diversity and heritage at the national and international level cooperating with international community. Cultural policy is embodied in the pillar development documents of Mongolia which revised during the reporting period and up to date, there are a total of 12 legal documents concerning the promotion of cultural diversity exist as a legal base. As managerial and organizational action had been determined with a view to protecting and promoting the intangible cultural heritage and cultural diversity, certain projects had been implemented in order to update registration and information on cultural diversity and heritage. Total expenditures spent for these measures are increased by 2.82 compared to the year of 2006. During the reporting period, foreign relations and cooperation on culture have been expanded, bilateral and multilateral agreements have been constituted and export of cultural content products has been increased. Representatives of governmental and civil society organizations have cooperated in the implementation of measures towards developing intercultural communication, promoting and protecting cultural interaction and creative expressions as well as publicizing the uniqueness of different nationalities’ cultural diversity, disseminating Mongolian culture and art to the world. Within the framework of such measures, research projects had been implemented in close cooperation with neighboring countries and international academic conferences had been held under the support of UNESCO Participation Programme. The Government of Mongolia has paid close attention to promoting the education for cultural diversity.
    [Show full text]