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Just As the Priests Have Their Wives”: Priests and Concubines in England, 1375-1549
“JUST AS THE PRIESTS HAVE THEIR WIVES”: PRIESTS AND CONCUBINES IN ENGLAND, 1375-1549 Janelle Werner A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2009 Approved by: Advisor: Professor Judith M. Bennett Reader: Professor Stanley Chojnacki Reader: Professor Barbara J. Harris Reader: Cynthia B. Herrup Reader: Brett Whalen © 2009 Janelle Werner ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT JANELLE WERNER: “Just As the Priests Have Their Wives”: Priests and Concubines in England, 1375-1549 (Under the direction of Judith M. Bennett) This project – the first in-depth analysis of clerical concubinage in medieval England – examines cultural perceptions of clerical sexual misbehavior as well as the lived experiences of priests, concubines, and their children. Although much has been written on the imposition of priestly celibacy during the Gregorian Reform and on its rejection during the Reformation, the history of clerical concubinage between these two watersheds has remained largely unstudied. My analysis is based primarily on archival records from Hereford, a diocese in the West Midlands that incorporated both English- and Welsh-speaking parishes and combines the quantitative analysis of documentary evidence with a close reading of pastoral and popular literature. Drawing on an episcopal visitation from 1397, the act books of the consistory court, and bishops’ registers, I argue that clerical concubinage occurred as frequently in England as elsewhere in late medieval Europe and that priests and their concubines were, to some extent, socially and culturally accepted in late medieval England. -
St Thomas Becket and London, but Some Background Information May Be Helpful
25 February 2020 Thomas Becket and London Professor Caroline barron Introduction This lecture is about St Thomas Becket and London, but some background information may be helpful. Thomas Becket was born in London in 1120, the son of Gilbert and Mathilda Becket whose families had come from Rouen in the wake of the Norman Conquest. Gilbert Becket was a rich and successful Londoner who seems to have made his money by owning and dealing in property. He lived in the small central parish of St Mary Colechurch on the north side of Cheapside. As yet there were no elected mayors of London (this privilege came by a royal charter in May 1215), but the city was allowed to elect its own sheriffs and Gilbert seems to have held this office in the 1130s. The Becket family fortunes were seriously affected by a fire (there were many such fires in early medieval London) which destroyed much of Gilbert’s property. In about 1140 young Thomas entered the employment of the sheriff, Osbert Huitdeniers (Eightpence) and became, in effect, a civil servant. He must have had a good education, possibly in one of the schools which we know existed in London at this time. From acting as a clerk to the sheriff, Thomas moved in 1143 to join the prestigious household of Archbishop Theobald of Canterbury (1138-1161). Although in minor clerical orders, Thomas enjoyed the ‘extravagant and ostentatious’ lifestyle of a successful young courtier and he attracted the attention of the king, Henry II who appointed him as his chancellor in 1155. -
Colleague, Critic, and Sometime Counselor to Thomas Becket
JOHN OF SALISBURY: COLLEAGUE, CRITIC, AND SOMETIME COUNSELOR TO THOMAS BECKET By L. Susan Carter A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of History–Doctor of Philosophy 2021 ABSTRACT JOHN OF SALISBURY: COLLEAGUE, CRITIC, AND SOMETIME COUNSELOR TO THOMAS BECKET By L. Susan Carter John of Salisbury was one of the best educated men in the mid-twelfth century. The beneficiary of twelve years of study in Paris under the tutelage of Peter Abelard and other scholars, John flourished alongside Thomas Becket in the Canterbury curia of Archbishop Theobald. There, his skills as a writer were of great value. Having lived through the Anarchy of King Stephen, he was a fierce advocate for the liberty of the English Church. Not surprisingly, John became caught up in the controversy between King Henry II and Thomas Becket, Henry’s former chancellor and successor to Theobald as archbishop of Canterbury. Prior to their shared time in exile, from 1164-1170, John had written three treatises with concern for royal court follies, royal pressures on the Church, and the danger of tyrants at the core of the Entheticus de dogmate philosophorum , the Metalogicon , and the Policraticus. John dedicated these works to Becket. The question emerges: how effective was John through dedicated treatises and his letters to Becket in guiding Becket’s attitudes and behavior regarding Church liberty? By means of contemporary communication theory an examination of John’s writings and letters directed to Becket creates a new vista on the relationship between John and Becket—and the impact of John on this martyred archbishop. -
The Apostolic Succession of the Right Rev. Gregory Wayne Godsey
The Apostolic Succession of The Right Rev. Gregory Wayne Godsey © 2012-2016, Old Catholic Churches International, Inc Office of Communications and Media Relations All Rights Reserved 1 Contents Certificates ................................................................................................................................................... 3 Photographic Evidence ............................................................................................................................... 5 Lines of Apostolic Succession..................................................................................................................... 6 Reformed Episcopal – Anglican Succession .......................................................................................... 6 Anglican, Celtic, Hebraic Succession [Line 1]...................................................................................... 12 Anglican, Celtic, Hebraic Succession [Line 2]...................................................................................... 17 Anglican, Roman, Johnanite Succession .............................................................................................. 22 Russian-Orthodox Succession [Line 1]................................................................................................ 26 Russian-Orthodox Succession [Line 2]................................................................................................ 31 Armenian Succession ........................................................................................................................... -
Bromfield Minster 1
21 MAY 2018 BROMFIELD MINSTER 1 actswilliam2henry1.wordpress.com Release date Version notes Who Current version: H1-Bromfield-2018-1 21/5/2018 Original version RS, DXC Previous versions: — — — — This text is made available through the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs License; additional terms may apply Authors for attribution statement: Charters of William II and Henry I Project Richard Sharpe, Faculty of History, University of Oxford David X Carpenter, Faculty of History, University of Oxford BROMFIELD MINSTER Collegiate Church of St Mary; later Benedictine priory, dependency of Gloucester Abbey County of Shropshire : Diocese of Hereford Very little is known of Bromfield minster in the Anglo-Norman period. A writ of King Edward the Confessor (S 1162) restated the fact that St Mary’s minster and ‘myne clerkes’ had the usual judicial privileges and forebade interference in these rights by the bishop or by anyone else.1 What threat occasioned their seeking the king’s writ is beyond knowing, but the writ, preserved in a later episcopal register, is evidence that the church was fully independent. A charter of Henry II refers to it as mea dominica capella, and the entry for it in Domesday Book shows that it was a minster church. That it was a royal minster before the Conquest 1 J. H. Denton, English Royal Free Chapels 1100–1300. A constitutional study (Manchester, 1970), 47–8, noted how remarkable was the clause specifying freedom from the bishop and contemplated interpolation, though in the end he concluded that lack of comparable clauses in other writs was not a sufficient reason. -
Images of Edward the Confessor in 12Th to 14Th Century England
THE FORTUNES OF A KING: IMAGES OF EDWARD THE CONFESSOR IN 12TH TO 14TH CENTURY ENGLAND By: Jessica A. Reid Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the MA degree in History with specialization in Medieval and Renaissance Studies University of Ottawa © Jessica A. Reid, Ottawa, Canada, 2016 ABSTRACT THE FORTUNES OF A KING: IMAGES OF EDWARD THE CONFESSOR IN 12TH TO 14TH CENTURY ENGLAND Author: Jessica A. Reid Supervisor: Kouky J. Fianu Date Submitted: 2015 This thesis is an iconographic study of Saint-King Edward the Confessor. It focuses on the political and devotional functions of his images in twelfth to fourteenth century England. The images are not concerned with the historical Anglo-Saxon King, but rather depict an idealized and simplified version of Edward. The discrepancies between Edward, the Anglo-Saxon monarch, and his representation in the twelfth to fourteenth centuries provide insight into how he was perceived at the time. Spanning the reigns of King Henry I to King Richard II, this unique study assembles both royal and ecclesiastical images of Edward to compare and contrast their intended purposes and messages. The study explores the role that Westminster Abbey had in the emergence, adoption, and transformation of Edward’s cult images, and it examines how the English crown subsequently adopted Edward as a saint-king figure under King Henry III and King Richard II. Furthermore, the study reveals elements of cooperation between Westminster Abbey and King Henry III in the presentation and interpretation of Edward’s image. -
The Book Collection at St Guthlac's Priory, Hereford, Before 1200
The Book Collection at St Guthlac’s Priory, Hereford, Before 1200: Acquisition, Adaptation and Use Christopher Ian Tuckley Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of PhD The University of Leeds Institute for Medieval Studies June 2009 The candidate confirms that the work is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have been particularly fortunate in having had the benefit of sponsorship throughout my research: the first three years of study were funded by the White Rose Consortium of universities, which also paid a stipend. A generous grant from the Lynne Grundy Trust allowed me to present a paper on the priory book collection at the International Congress on Medieval Studies at Kalamazoo, Michigan, in May 2008. Thanks are due to a number of individuals within the academic community for their assistance and advice in the completion of this thesis. Debby Banham, Orietta Da Rold, Sarah Foot, William Flynn, Richard Gameson, Monica Green, Thom Gobbit, Michael Gullick, Juliet Hewish, Geoffrey Humble, Takako Kato, Bella Millet, Alan Murray, Katie Neville, Clare Pilsworth, Richard Sharpe, Rodney Thomson, Elaine Trehame, Karen Watts, and the staff of the Bodleian, Jesus College, Hereford Cathedral and York Minster libraries have all given guidance at one point or another. I also gratefully acknowledge the help of the Dean and Chapter of Hereford Cathedral. Julia Barrow’s advice has been especially valuable in making sense of a number of medieval charters relating to St Guthlac’s Priory, and I owe her a great debt of gratitude in this respect. -
Vie De Saint Thomas
http://kentarchaeology.org.uk/research/archaeologia-cantiana/ Kent Archaeological Society is a registered charity number 223382 © 2017 Kent Archaeological Society TWO NOTES ON GUERNES DE PONT SAINTE-MAXENCE : VIE DE SAINT THOIWAS By WILLIAM UMW 1. ADAM OF CHARING THERM are certain minor unexplained figures who emerge at different points in the story of Thomas Becket. One such figure is Adam of Charing. Guernes relates that the Archbishop in the interval between the Councils of Clarendon and Northampton (January-October, 1164) tried to leave the country by putting to sea from Romney, Kent, but was prevented since the crew, claiming that the wind was contrary, put the vessel back to port. Quant furent luinz en mer e empeinz e thee, Li notunier k'i ierent unt ensemble pane E Adam de Cherringes : client k'il sunt desve, Ke l'enemi le rei wit del pats get6 ; E ii e lur lignage erent desherit6. Vie de Saint Thomas, ed. Walberg, 1922, lines 1361-1365. (Guernes tells how when they had progressed a long way out to sea that the sailors, with Adam of (Jharing, talked together, deciding that they must be fools, for they had brought the king's enemy out of the country, and that they and all their kin would be dispossessed.) It is possible to recover a number of facts about Adam of Charing. A letter among the Epistolcs Cantuarienses gives a hint of his profession and status. This collection of correspondence recounts the story of the epic struggle arising from the project initiated by Baldwin, Arch- bishop of Canterbury (1185-1190) for establishing a secular college at Hackington, near the Cathedral city. -
A Glorious and Salutiferous Œconomy...?
A Glorious and Salutiferous Œconomy...? An ecclesiological enquiry into metropolitical authority and provincial polity in the Anglican Communion Alexander John Ross Emmanuel College A dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Divinity Faculty University of Cambridge April 2018 This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It is not substantially the same as any that I have submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for a degree or diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. I further state that no substantial part of my dissertation has already been submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for any such degree, diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It does not exceed the prescribed word limit for the Faculty of Divinity Degree Committee. 2 Alexander John Ross A Glorious and Salutiferous Œconomy…? An ecclesiological enquiry into metropolitical authority and provincial polity in the Anglican Communion. Abstract For at least the past two decades, international Anglicanism has been gripped by a crisis of identity: what is to be the dynamic between autonomy and interdependence? Where is authority to be located? How might the local relate to the international? How are the variously diverse national churches to be held together ‘in communion’? These questions have prompted an explosion of interest in Anglican ecclesiology within both the church and academy, with particular emphasis exploring the nature of episcopacy, synodical government, liturgy and belief, and common principles of canon law. -
The Classics in the Middle Ages
The Classics in the Middle Ages Papers of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Center Jor Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies Edited by Aldo S. Bernardo Saul Levin meDieval & Renaissance 'texts & scoöies Center for Medieval & Early Renaissance Studies Binghamton, New York 1990 PLENARY LECTURE "Potens in opere et serrnone": Philip, Bishop of Bayeux, and His Books * R. H. ROUSE AND M. A. ROUSE In contrasting the world of monastic learning with that of the cathedral schools, Sir Richard Southern said of the twelfth-century student, "He not only knew where to study, he also knew that his studies would have a market value." The schools, in Southern's words, "brought the idea of ... order and rationality into every area of human experience!' In the early twelfth century, "slowly the ruling households of Europe, at alllev- els from the papal court to the household of a minor baron, were penetrat- ed by men calling themselves masters, or as we should say, university men." This theme, the significant place of the schools in the formation of the twelfth-century state, permeates Southern's study of the period. I The key role of the northern French cathedral schools in the growth of Anglo- Norman administration - civil and ecclesiastic - is a near text- book example, which no doubt was very much in Southern's thinking when he wrote these statements. Names come to mind almost unbid- den: John of Salisbury, Arnulf of Lisieux, Hugh of Amiens, Rotrou of Rouen, Gilbert Foliot, Gerald of Wales-men whose ascent up the Anglo- Norman ladder depended on schooling as well as (or even instead of) birth. -
The Hand of St James at Reading Abbey
The Hand of St James at Reading Abbey Brian Kemp, University of Reading Reading Abbey was not one of those monasteries, like St Albans or Bury St Edmunds, which were built around the tomb of a saint, nor did it ever acquire, by fair means or foul, the complete body of a saint from elsewhere. It did, however, come to possess an important relic of one of the senior apostles of Christ, namely, a hand of St James the Great, around which a significant cult developed in the second half of the twelfth century. This paper aims to set out what can be known about this relic while it was in the abbey's possession and, in the process, to attempt to resolve certain problems about its hi story which, despite much that has been written on the subject, remain unsettled. The hand of St James was one among a large and impressive collection of relics acquired by the abbey, mostly in the course of th e twelfth century following its foundation in 1121. Two lists of Reading's relics have survived, one from the end of the twelfth century, the other from shortly before the abbey's dissolution in 1539. The first, and by far the more valuable on account of its length and early date, is contained in the late twelfth-century cartulary of Reading, British Library Egerton MS 3031, the original parts of which were written in 1191 x 1193. ! Since the list of relics is in the original hand of the cartulary (apart from two later additions), it may be taken to repre sent the abbey's relic collection as it stood in the early I I 90s. -
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?52 8632 .91 A;=7> ;3 ;>/2=? ;3 08.=2 /=6.9 /=644> . ?IFRJR >TCMJSSFE GOQ SIF 1FHQFF OG <I1 BS SIF @NJUFQRJSX OG >S .NEQFVR &$$( 3TLL MFSBEBSB GOQ SIJR JSFM JR BUBJLBCLF JN =FRFBQDI->S.NEQFVR,3TLL?FWS BS, ISSP,##QFRFBQDI!QFPORJSOQX"RS!BNEQFVR"BD"TK# <LFBRF TRF SIJR JEFNSJGJFQ SO DJSF OQ LJNK SO SIJR JSFM, ISSP,##IEL"IBNELF"NFS#%$$&'#()+* ?IJR JSFM JR PQOSFDSFE CX OQJHJNBL DOPXQJHIS ?IJR JSFM JR LJDFNRFE TNEFQ B 0QFBSJUF 0OMMONR 8JDFNRF The Life and Works of Osbert of Clare Brian Briggs Department of Mediaeval History University of St Andrews Submitted for the Degree of Ph.D. 31 March, 2004 Thesis Abstract Osbert of Clare was an English monastic writer, whose works extended from the mid-1120s to the mid-1150s. His Latin hagiography reflects a deep admiration for Anglo-Saxon saints and spirituality, while his letters provide a personal perspective on his turbulent career. As prior of Westminster Abbey, Osbert of Clare worked to strengthen the rights and prestige of his monastery. His production of forged or altered charters makes him one of England's most prolific medieval forgers. At times his passion for reform put him at odds with his abbots, and he was sent into exile under both Abbot Herbert (Il21-c.Il36) and Abbot Gervase (1l38-c.Il57). Also Osbert, as one of the first proponents of the Immaculate Conception of Mary, wrote about the feast, worked to legitimize its celebration, and provided us with the only significant narration of its introduction to England. This thesis is divided into two sections.