A Short Resume of Thesis Entitled “Effect of Specific
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A SHORT RESUME OF THESIS ENTITLED “EFFECT OF SPECIFIC YOGIC EXERCISES ON PHYSICAL FITNESS AND PERFORMANCE OF KABADDI AND WRESTLING PLAYERS OF LATUR DISTRICT” To be submitted to the Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University For the Registration to Degree of Doctor of Philosophy By MANGIRE GANESH PRAKASH DIRECTOR OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SHRI KUMARSWAMI MAHAVIDYALAYA, AUSA. DIST – LATUR RESEARCH SUPERVISOR Head Department Of Physical Education Dr. MOGHE GOPAL LAXMIKANT Director, Physical Education, MAHARASHTRA MAHAVIDYALAYA, NILANGA. DIST – LATUR (MAHARASHTRA) Submitted To S.R.T.M. UNIVERSITY, NANDED MAY 2016 1 INDEX Sr. No. Contents Page No. 01 Introduction 04 1.1 History of Yoga 04 1.2 History of Kabaddi 05 1.3 History of Wrestling 06 1.4 Statement of the Problem 06 1.5 Significance of the Study 07 1.6 Objectives of the Study 07 1.7 Hypothesis 08 1.8 Delimitations of the Study 08 1.9 Limitations of the Study 08 1.10 Operational Definitions of the Terms 09 1.10.1 Yogic Exercise 09 1.10.2 Physical Fitness 10 1.10.3 Kabaddi Skills 11 1.10.4 Wrestling Skills 11 02 Review of related literature 12 03 Research Methodology 17 3.1 Experimental Design and Experiment 17 3.2 Selection of Sample 17 3.3 Selection of Variables and Test 17 3.4 Tools Used 17 3.5 Independent Variables 18 3.6 Procedure of the Study 18 2 04 Data analysis and Interpretation 19 05 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation 19 5.1 Introduction 19 5.2 Summery 19 5.3 Conclusion 19 5.4 Recommendations 19 Bibliography 20 Proposed planning of Research 22 3 Chapter I INTRODUCTION 1. YOGA Yoga is a commonly known generic term for the physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India with a view to attain a state of permanent peace. Specifically, yoga is one of the six āstika ("orthodox") schools of Hindu philosophy. One of the most detailed and thorough expositions on the subject is the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, which defines yoga as "the stilling of the changing states of the mind" Yoga has also been popularly defined as "union with the divine" in other contexts and traditions. Various traditions of yoga are found in Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and Sikhism. Post-classical traditions consider Hiranyagarbha as the originator of yoga. Pre–philosophical speculations and diverse ascetic practices of first millennium BCE were systematized into a formal philosophy in early centuries CE by the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. By the turn of the first millennium, Hatha yoga emerged as a prominent tradition of yoga distinct from Patanjali Yoga Sutras and marks the development of asanas into the full body postures now in popular usage and, along with its many modern variations, is the style that many people associate with the word yoga today. 4 Hindu monks, beginning with Swami Vivekananda, brought yoga to the West in the late 19th century. In the 1980s, yoga became popular as a system of physical exercise across the Western world. This form of yoga is often called Hatha yoga. Many studies have tried to determine the effectiveness of yoga as a complementary intervention for cancer, schizophrenia, asthma and heart patients. In a national survey, long-term yoga practitioners in the United States reported musculo–skeletal and mental health improvements. 2 KABADDI: Kabaddi is essentially an Indian game, which commands huge popularity in the India as well as its hinterland. In India, kabaddi is popular in different names. In the southern parts of India, the game is referred to as Chedugudu or Hu-Tu-Tu. In eastern India, it is fondly called Hadudu (for men) and Kit-Kit (for women). The game is known as Kabaddi in northern India. Breath control, raid, dodging and movement of hand and feet are the basic skills that one has to acquire, in order to play kabaddi. The player has to acquire power and learn both offensive and defensive skills to excel in the game. The origin of kabaddi can be traced to the pre-historic times. In India, kabaddi was primarily devised as a way to develop the physical strength and speed 5 in young men. During its inception, kabaddi was played to boost the self-defense skills and to develop quick responsiveness to attacks. 3 WRESTLING: Wrestling in India is said to be amongst the most ancient sports whose past is enriched with glory. The game of wrestling commenced its journey in India several centuries ago, during the middles ages. Even in the Olympic Games, wrestling is considered to be one of the most significant games. In 708 BC, this game was included in the Olympics. In India, wrestling is known as 'Malla-Yudhha'. Some forms of Mallayuddha were practiced in India even before the invasion of the Aryans. The famous Indian epic, Mahabharata has numerous references of the game of wrestling in the country. Bhima, an important character in Mahabharata is believed to be a great wrestler. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM "EFFCET OF SPECIFIC YOGIC EXERCISE ON PHYSICAL FITNESS AND PERFORMANCE OF KABADDI AND WRESTLING PLAYERS OF LATUR DISTRICT". Now a days the Indian players are not physically fit and their performance not getting improved because of lack of fitness just like flexibility, agility etc. The same position is in latur district. 6 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY There is some research in this field conducted in various directions. This thesis is an opportunity for the coaches, players and all the peoples to grow their physical fitness and performance in the future. It is helpful for the coaches and player to apply the exercises in the practice and enhance their performance for getting selection in the state, National games. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY Keeping in the view the need of back ground and purpose of the study investigation had listed the following major objectives. 1. To determine the effect of specific yogic exercise Kabaddi and Wrestling player 2. To determine the effect of specific yogic exercise on the performance of Kabaddi and Wrestling players. 3. To determine the effect of specific yogic exercise on the flexibility of Kabaddi and Wrestling players. 4. To determine the effect of specific yogic exercise on the strength of Kabaddi and Wrestling players. 7 HYPOTHESIS: 1. It was hypothesized that there yoga exercises might improvement in the performance of the Kabaddi and Wrestling player. 2. It was hypothesized that there yoga ExercisesS might improvement in the flexibility of the Kabaddi and Wrestling player. 3. It was hypothesized that there might improvement in the strength of the Kabaddi and Wrestling player. 10. DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 1. The study is delimited to the observation of the improvement of performance and physical fitness of Kabaddi and Wrestling players. 2. This study is restricted to Latur District only. 3. The result of effect of specific yogic exercises for the promotion of physical fitness and performance are limited to Latur District. 11. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY Heredity and environmental back ground of subject may affect their performance I matches and they have not been controlled. 8 12. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS OF THE TERM Yogic exercise: Yoga is an important and ancient school in India. Yoga is practiced for better physical and psychological health. Today people are suffered from many common severe ailments. Due to lack of exercise, healthy and nutrition food and hygiene, and due to busy, hectic schedules people cannot gives enough time to maintain their health. 1 Asanas in Sitting Position i) Padmasana ii) Vajrasana 2 Asanas in Standing Position i) Padhastasana ii) Tadasana 3 Asanas in Back Position i) Sarvangasan ii) Halasana 4 Asanas in Stomach Position i) Bhujangasan ii) Dhanurasana 9 Physical fitness: Physical fitness is your ability to carry out tasks without undue fatigue. Physical fitness is defined as the state of general well being, physically sound and healthy, along with mental stability. Previously fitness was commonly defined as the capacity of the person to meet the physical demands of daily life and carry out the day’s activities without undue fatigue. However, because of increased leisure time, changes in lifestyles rendered this definition insufficient. These days, physical fitness is considered a measure of the body’s ability to function efficiently and effectively in work and leisure activities, to be healthy, to resist hypo-kinetic diseases, and to meet emergency situations. 1. Physical fitness is defined as a set of attributes that people have or achieve that relates to the ability to perform physical activity. (USDHHS, 1996) 2. Fitness means improved physiological state that leads to improved health and longevity. Fitness Components: 1) Agility 2) Co-ordination 3) Speed 4) Flexibility 5) Power 10 Kabaddi Skills: Toe-touch: It is a skill performed by raider to touch the opponent by toe or leg during raid. This action is very fast and deceiving while raider remains very active to response back to own half safe. Ankle-Catch: In this, the catcher visualizes the movements of raider very carefully and grabs the raider ankle firmly. Catcher pulls the raider close and makes him to fall. Wrestling Skills: Lifting: A wrestler often lifts his opponent off the mat when executing a takedown. He may also lift an opponent who has performed a stand up from the bottom position. He lifts his opponent and returns him to the mat. The legs and hips are most important when lifting. For instance, when you shoot a double leg, you don't lift with your back. You get your hips squarely beneath you and then use your leg and hip strength to lift your opponent off the mat. When a wrestler has been lifted off the mat, he is in a very vulnerable position lacking support and balance.