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Home , History of wrestling, Kabaddi, Kabaddi in India, Kho kho

Team Games and II 7

In the previous chapter, we have discussed team games like , , , and . This chapter includes , Kho-Kho and Combative sports like and .

Kabaddi Kabaddi is an indigenous game which is popular in . It is a simple and inexpensive game and does not require a big playing area or any equipment. This game is popular in the villages and small towns in India. It is played throughout with minor modifications. Kabaddi is quite new to the other parts of the world. It was known by various names in different parts of India. For example, Chedugudu or Gudu- gudu in Southern parts of India, Ha-du-du (Men), Chu-kit- kit (Women) in Eastern India, Hu-tu-tu in in and Kabaddi in Northern India. It is a game of attack and defense. The two teams occupy opposite halves of a field and take turn in sending a ‘Raider’ into the other half. In order to win points, members of the opposite team are tagged and the raider tries to return to half, holding the breath and chanting, “Kabaddi, Kabaddi, Kabaddi”.

Fig. 7.1: Children playing kabaddi

2021–22

Chap-7.indd 111 8/24/2020 11:41:01 AM Chap-7.indd 112 112

Health and Physical Education - Class X • • • Do YouKnow? • • • female’s teams. 32 men’steamand24 kabaddi consistingof Cup inthehistoryof is thelargestWorld 2019 atMalaysia.It Cup washeldinApril 2019 KabaddiWorld played in2016. Challenge wasfirst Women Kabaddi 2014. was establishedin Pro KabaddiLeague in 2010. nation being runners-up twice. was the runners-up World Cup.Iranisthenextmostsuccessful in Kabaddi champion unbeaten the is India far So 2010. and 2007 in (IKF). The Kabaddi World Cup was first played in 2004, then the internationallevel is InternationalKabaddiFederation of Council Olympic to Asia. Theparentbodydesignatedtoregulatethegameat affiliated is AKF 1978. in founded was (AKF) Federation Kabaddi Asian The 1955. in () After 1973. Calcutta in held were women’s the while (), in Madras founded was in held were nationals men’s first the AKFI, the of (AKFI) formation India of Federation existence and compiled standard rules. The AmateurKabaddi Games atCalcuttain1938. Maharashtra. ThegamewasintroducedintheIndianOlympic 1936 inBerlin during Olympics byHanumanVyayamPracharakMandal level the international at time first used inMahabharata.Thegamewas demonstrated forthe which believesthatthisgameisaversionofChakravyuha, beasts. There is also anotherschoolof thought, in India, to defendthemselves from suddenattacks ferocious during prehistoric times when human beings were forced According tosomehistoriansKabaddimighthavedeveloped History Rules S. No 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 n 90 te l Ida aad Fdrto cm into came Federation Kabaddi India All the 1950, In Duration ofthematch play field Space surroundingthe divided bythemidline) playfield the of half (each Court away from Endlines) meters (2 Block Sitting Bonus Line(MN,ST) Line (RT,QS,MO,NP) Bonus Line(TS,PO)fromBaulk Mid-line (IJ) Baulk Line(RQ,MN) (LN, KM,LR,KQ) Baulk Line(fromMidline) Lobby (AE,BF,DG,CH) End Line(AD,BC) Side lines(AB,CD,EF&GH) Field measurements 2021–22 Kabaddi fieldmeasurements

Minutes 20-5-20 4 meter 6.5×8 meter 8×1 meter 8 meter 1 meter 10 meter 8 meter 3.75 meter 1 meter 10 meter 13 meter Men , Amravati, Minutes 15-5-15 4 meter 6×6 meter 6×1 meter 6 meter 1 meter 8 meter 6 meter 3 meter 1 meter 8 meter 12 meter Women 8/24/2020 11:41:01 AM

Team Games and Sports II 113 8/24/2020 11:41:01 AM

10 m End Line End 1 m 8 m 1 m

Lobby Lobby

2021–22 Mid Line Mid 13 m End Line End Line Fig. 7.2: Specifications of Kabaddi court 3.75 m

Lobby Lobby

Baulk Line Baulk Bonus Line Bonus 1 m

1.75 m End Line End Court 12×8 and men for meters 13×10 measures court Kabaddi The halves identical into it dividing a line women with for meters Traditionally teams. two the of area playing denoting actual and the entire court is dug at the game is played outdoors least 1 foot deep. The mud is removed and filled with sand not is the river or beach. This ensures that the player from opponents. dragged by is or falls he if injured seriously However, now synthetic Kabaddi fieldsare used for comfort the Indian Kabaddi Tournaments like and to reduce injuries. pullers in urban areas. league have emerged as crowd Team Each team shall consist of minimum 10 and maximum 12 and time a ground at the take shall Seven players players. the remaining players are the substitutes. Duration of the match The duration of the match is divided into two halves of a minutes each. In case of men and junior boys there is 20 5 minutes interval and in minutes case 5 of with women, minutes junior 15 girls, of sub- halves two girls and boys junior The change court after interval. The teams shall interval. second the of start the at each team for players number of half shall remain the same as it was at the end of first half. be to be allowed the match shall of each half raid of The last as completed even after completion of the scheduled time mentioned above. Chap-7.indd 113 Chap-7.indd 114 114

Health and Physical Education - Class X Time out as abonus.ThisisknownLona. your opponent team out, your team is entitled to get 2 points who isdeemedout.Andif your team,makesalltheplayersof One point score will be givento each team for every opponent System ofscoring Substitution Bonus point • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • will beaddedtothematchtime. or any such unforeseencircumstances. Such time out bytheReferee for interruption by outsiders, re-marking of the ground becalled or Umpire in theeventofanyinjurytoplayer, shall out time Official technical pointtotheopponentteam. Any violation ofthiswill result intheawardofa During time out, the team shall not leave the ground. duration shallbeaddedtomatchtime. out time The Referee. the of permission the with team by the Captain, Coach or any playing member of the seconds ineachhalf. Such time out shallbecalled for Each team shall be allowed to take two time outs of 30 one ormoreantis,they will get thenumberofpoints If the raider, after crossing the bonus line, puts out No bonuspointshallbe giventotheattackingteam. then apointwill be awarded tothedefendingteam. If the raider while crossing the bonus line is caught, side whichscore. such araidbyshowingthumbupwardtowards the point bonus shall beawardedbytherefereeaftercompletion of the court; the in players 6 of minimum line will The bonusbeapplicablewhenthere area awarded onepoint. bonus line, (is caught) the opponent team will also be cross thebonusline. If theraider after crossing the One point shall be awarded to the raider when they out. Substitution isnotallowedforplayerswhoaredeemed No substitutionisallowedduringtheofficialtimeout. player. Theteamwillplaywithlessnumberofplayers. the from disqualified or match, no substitution is allowed for that particular suspended is player any If Substituted playerscanbere-substituted. permission oftherefereeduringtimeoutorinterval. Five reserve players can be substituted with the 2021–22 8/24/2020 11:41:01 AM

Team Games and Sports II 115 8/24/2020 11:41:01 AM

2021–22 (b) stooping hand (c) turning hand-touch turning (c) touch hand stooping (b) (d) hopping hand touch (e) fake and touch almost every raider. A raider can execute this Toe touch: This offensive skill is used by Toe touch: This offensive skill Hand touch: (a) running hand touch

(i) (ii) skill, which every raider applies in one or the which every raider skill, kinds of touches other forms. There are different such as — Touch: Touch is a fundamental and the easiest

a)

Offensive skills Application of oils or any other soft substances to the substances any other soft or oils Application of body shall not be allowed. the match is played on Shoes are compulsory in case the mat surface. All players must have distinct numbers on their numbers on distinct have players must All T-shirts of at least 4 inches thickness in front and followed code is back. Dress the inches thickness at 6 during competitions. compulsorily by both the teams Players should have clipped nails and no ornaments of any sort shall be allowed. bonus line. no revival for bonus points. There shall be If player is suspended temporarily or disqualified from the players. of number less with play will team the then match, bonus point. be counted while awarding shall Such players scored in addition to the bonus point for crossing the crossing for point bonus the to addition in scored to score the bonus the bonus line has to cross The raider by caught he is antis or before touching the point before bonus points not be awarded The raider will the antis. a touch or struggle. after the bonus line they cross if • • • • • • •

• • • • • • •

Skills offensive called kabaddi are in raider used by the The skills defensive skills. are called the antis by used The skills skills. During a raid, the raider has to make maximum use of his limbs to come in contact or touch the opponents in order to score points. This is accomplished through leg touches, such with etc., , thrust, touch, squat leg, touch, foot toe as, lower limbs and through hand touches with upper limbs. Fundamental skills Result the at points number of highest the scores which The team shall be declared the winner. end of the match Precautions Chap-7.indd 115 Chap-7.indd 116 116

Health and Physical Education - Class X

Defensive skills

b) a)

(iii) Mule : It is very Ankle hold:Thisisacounterskillused by types ofkicks,suchas— raider, withleg,totouchananti.Therearevarious Mule kickisathrustorblowintheair, by the direction oftheraider. as, (a) lifting up (b) pulling back(c) changing strategies and tactics in various situations, such has mastery over ankle hold, can plandifferent touches duringanattackorraid.Ateam, which defensive playersagainst leg thrusts andfoot iii. ii. i. 2021–22

Back kick: Kicking theanti who comesbehind Foot touch: The modern toe touch is a Side kick: Raiders who raid from second to second from raid who Raiders kick: Side Curve kick is also called ra n h opnn’ cut n hs an has advantage overtoetouch. and court opponent’s the in area This skillhelpstheraidertocovermore touch, toeisusedtotouchtheopponents. opponents withcompletefootwhereasintoe in foot-touch,theraidertriestotouch difference betweenthesetwoskillsisthat moderate form of foot-touch. The major sideward. the two is thatthe area to be coveredis of backkick.Theonlydifferencebetween principle of kick are the same as in the case this skillthemostsuitable.Themethodand find will zone central the attack and second the opponentsuddenly. the raiderrequirestoextendhislegtowards At thesametime, in ordertoapplythisskill, to the positions and moves of the opponents. raider will move in different angles, according the anties. During the courseof a raid, the skill evenfromaconsiderabledistance raider tochangehisdirection. attacking leg.Atthesametimeitenables enable theraiderto cover more area with the from backtotheside.Thistypeofkickwill leg lifted to kickattheantiestakesacurve back kick. kick (iii) fake andkick(iv) taking aturnand are: (i)runningbackkick(ii) standing back as backkick.Thedifferentformsofkick the raider during thecourseof raid is known useful in critical situations. a mule kick as the 8/24/2020 11:41:01 AM Team Games and Sports II 117 8/24/2020 11:41:01 AM

2021–22 a defensive skill and skill a defensive Waist hold is a skill used used skill a is hold Waist by a defender to catch the raider from behind. by a defender to only when a situation presents used occasionally is rarely used now a days. itself. This hold and a is an act of creating corners. Blocking of the raider to wall of obstruction in the path of blocking is not prevent the movement. The aim but also to catch just to obstruct the path, the raider. Every team uses this technique as a planned technique as uses this Every team Taking one (a) For example: tactic. and surprise step forward — Taking one and hold step forward or step wrong on thigh raider’s the holding means hold from behind. rear leg (b) thigh Thigh hold: This skill is a good defensive skill. is a good defensive This skill Thigh hold: Waist hold or trunk hold: trunk or hold Waist also hold is Wrist hold: Wrist covers a defensive skill used by Blocking: It is

e) c) b) d) While returning to home court, the raider must pass must raider the home court, to returning While only through the midline. The raider does not give room for pursuit. quickly position defensive regains their The raider before the opponent team’s raider begins the raid. • • •

• • • Raid Raid is the offence part of the by alternatively opponent’s court, on the raiding is game the game. The main feature of teamwork both the team players. The defence is done with while only one player makes an attack. Tactics advantage. one’s to situation given a exploiting means Tactics This is also done to create a situation to suit one’s purpose. game the of tempo decrease the or increase may The raider player the do this to order In situation. depending on the aggressive raid by creating a may adopt a passive raid or an time Sometimes the raider may pass situation for a struggle. team the when especially game, the of minutes few last the in game. leading and the opponents are playing an aggressive is tactics adopted the game situation, different Keeping in view by the raider. Retreat raid, the after home court safely to returns the raider Unless a called This is successful. as cannot be treated raid the before retreat of path pre-plan the has to The raider retreat. starting the raid. While retreating to home court, the raider should keep the following points in view — Chap-7.indd 117 Chap-7.indd 118 118

Health and Physical Education - Class X single expiration. attack the and chantingthewordkabaddi,respectively, in one during raider the by breath of holding is ‘Cant’ Cant raie a Vjyaa n 996 udr h asie of auspices Kho-Kho Federation the of India. under In 1969-70 1959-60 the junior age in group Vijaywada at organised demonstrators inthatexhibition. MandalofAmravatiwastheproud Prasarak Vyayam in themainstadium.The exhibition ofKho-Kho when Berlin game ofKho-KhoOlympic Games featuredan The year 1936 was the year of the golden opportunity for the 1924. in Gymkhana Baroda from published was rules Kho for framing the Kho-Kho rules and the first ever book of Kho- 1900’s. A committee was formed at Puna Gymkhana in 1914 as Rathera. The Kho-Kho rules were first framed in the early known was this and Maharashtra, in chariots or ‘raths’ on In the ancient era, a version of the Kho-Khogame was played History match. a in twice minutes 9 for defend and chase to has runners andtouchesthemputsout.Eachteam the other the runners. In the game, the chaser pursuesthe on a rectangular court. One team becomes the chasers and of Kho-Kho.Thisgameisplayedintwo innings bytwo teams pursuit istochase,ratherthanjustrun—themainskill burstsof controlled speedmakethisgamequitethrilling. To catchby and feigning Dodging, ofskills. aset and fitness It isaninexpensiveandenjoyablesportthatdemandsphysical India. Itisthesimplestformofchasingandtouchingaperson. Kho-Kho is one of the most popular traditional team in K ho The first ever All India Kho-Kho Championships were Championships Kho-Kho India All ever first The -K ho 2021–22 Fig. 7.3:Playerplayingkho-kho 8/24/2020 11:41:03 AM Team Games and Sports II 119 8/24/2020 11:41:03 AM Post Height 120-125cm Length 9-10cm Line Width 3-5cm Field- ABCD 27 X 16/23 X 14 Court- EFGH 24 X 16/20 X 14 E n d L i n e R S D C Post Line Post Free Zone 1.50 F E N 2.15 Side Line Free Zone C 1.90 2021–22 35/30cm Central Lane 30 X 24/30 X 20 24/20 30/26m Side Line Cross Lane 35 X 16/30 X 14 Side Line Fig. 7.4: Specifications of kho-kho ground 1.50 Lobby

Square 35 X 30/30 X 30

2.30 7.85 2.55 G H M 1.50 Post Free Zone Post Line

A B 19/17m P Q One side of the rectangle is 16 meters is 1.50 and meters. In the the middle other of these side two rectangles, there are two wooden poles. The central lanes cross eight lane are There cm. 30 × cm 35 of area an covers is 24 m long and and right pole to pole squares from across the small lie which parts two into equally divided lane is central the angles to of 7.85 m each by the central lane. At the end of the central the above cm 125 to 120 are These fixed. are poles two lane, ground and their circumference is not less than 30 cm and not more than 40 cm. These poles are made zone of free wood the which in firmly fixed are poles The over. all smooth are tangent to the pole-line. Playfield meters 27 is It rectangular. is pitch) (or Kho-Kho A in length and 16 meters in width. There are two rectangles at the end. competitions were organised in Hyderabad. Competitions for Competitions in Hyderabad. were organised competitions women’s junior-group, girls under 16, were held in 1974 at Dewas when two more sub-junior groups for boys under 14 and for Girls under 12 also commenced. In the tournament and Bharat Award were awarded boys best sub-junior best sub-junior girls Veer Bala Award. In 1987, a demonstration South was held in Kho-Kho and Asian its as countries three with existence into Federation came had included Association The Indian Olympic members. Games which discipline in the South Asian Kho-Kho as a in 2013. was held at New Chap-7.indd 119 Chap-7.indd 120 120

Health and Physical Education - Class X Rules Offensive skills Fundamental skills • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • 3. 2. 1. time possible. The objective is to tagall the opponentsinshortest the changeofguard. usually nearest to the target and shouts “kho”to signify In this option, the chaser touches the sitter he wants, running. sitter whose backisfacingthechaseras The otheroptionis to passthechasingjob another other side. They havetorunroundtheentire row to reachthe randomly andinbetweenthesitters. cut across the sitters unlike the dodgers who can run The chaserscanonlyruninonedirection and cannot with adjacentmembersfacingoppositedirections. Then, one team sits in the middle of the court, in a row, chasing andrunningturnsof9minuteseach. A matchconsistsoftwoinnings.Aninning the fieldforacontest. The team consists of 12 players, but only 9 players take number ofopponentsinthefieldwins. The teamthattakestheshortesttimetotagmaximum

(iii) (iii) (iii) (iv) (iv) (ii) (ii) (ii) Covering on cross lane: To the turn To turning: Pole Giving khotoside:Tochaseadefender lane. attack (i) (i) (i)

Rush Through 5 upturn:Turningpolebytakingfivesteps. Deceptive kho:Todeceivedefenderbydifferent Pole turning from 8th square Combination Biped Quadruped Running pole turning: Pole turning 4 upturn:Turningpolebytakingfoursteps. of ahead Running kho: Advance Two stepskho(proximityanddistalstep) Kho. body movements. dropping kho. 2021–22 cover the defender on cross oe n otnain of continuation in pole (from sitting position). without giving eedr and defender 8/24/2020 11:41:03 AM Team Games and Sports II 121 8/24/2020 11:41:03 AM

half the half behind the sitting 2021–22 different body dodge body different stands between last pole and touching the the shape of a ring (oval ring a of shape the lane. way from the centre lane. lane but. Short ring - Defender stands close to the centre Short ring - Defender stands stands almost Defender - ring Medium Six Single up Two five six up Three four five six up One four seven one Pole dive from 8th square (Sitting) from 8th square Pole dive dive Running flat Side dive the shoulder of defender. Shoulder tap: Touching the heel of defender. Heel tap: Touching Running pole dive Running Long ring - Defender stands away from the central Two three six up One four five six up Judgment kho and pole dive Judgment kho Steady dive

(i) (i) (i) (i) square and pole without reaching pole. is used. Shoulder dodge, Foot dodge, combining both used. Shoulder dodge, is skills of defence, 3-ring defence. shape) by making use of four squares. In front ring shape) by making use of In back ring defender defender faces the attacker. game. shows his back and plays ring chaser and runs in a zig-zag path by making the chaser and runs in a zig-zag attacker give kho from behind. defender. (v) (v) Avoiding the pole: The defender Combination of chain and ring game attacker, the deceive To Dodging: Ring game: Defender runs in runs Defender game: Ring Chain game: Defender takes entry Tapping Pole dive: Taking support of (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (vi) (iv) (iv) (vi) (iii) (iii) (iii)

5. 3. 4. 2. 1. 5. 4.

Palti By showing his back, the defender deceives the attacker and turns in the opposite direction to the direction in which he was

running.

Defensive skills

Chap-7.indd 121 Chap-7.indd 122 122

Health and Physical Education - Class X Fig. 7.5:PlayerplayingJudo J with littleresistance. instinctive andthedevelopment ofspeedthroughpractice on skills. They favour repetitive movements to make them becomes largely a continuous contest. Other schools stress practice. In clubs where this style is taught, the practice reform. important Olympics, there has been a shift towards aconteststyle this hasten to There aredifferentstylesofJudo.Withits inclusioninthe helped 1964 in Games Olympic the in sport the of Inclusion five. into made was this usually won.Initiallytherewerethreecategories, andlater if two players were equally matched in skill, the bigger man categories. ofweight Earlier everyone fought everyone else, with the result that, introduction the was first The years. developed tobecomeaninternationalsport. silver medal. Judo was no longer a Japanese sport but had awarded for Judo, Japanwon three gold medals, and one was given its first opportunity as an event. Of the 16 medals Judo Olympics, 1964 the hosted When expertise. of and specialservicestraining often achievedahighstandard being taughtasacombatskill. Those selectedforcommando development of Judo. Instead of being used for sport, Judo was Athletic Association were formed. World War II saw a different Training Department, Kodokan Black Belt Association and Japan Instructors’ Judo Kodokan the year, same the In 1911 it was adopted as a part of Japan’s educational system. a recognised sport that could be safely engaged in and in more dangerous techniques were omitted. By 1910 Judo was techniques could be practiced as a competitive sport if the created byProfessor Jigoro Kanoandhebelievedthatthe The history of judo starts with Japanese jujutsu. It was History udo There havebeentwomaindevelopmentsinJudooverthe for participationincompetitionorself-defense. are a part of judo. Many are trained in Judo either thrusts by hands andfeet as well as self-defense by executingastrangleholdorchoke.Strikesand or forceanopponenttosubmitbyjoint locking or one’s subdue putdown one’s opponent with or a maneuver, opponent totheground,immobilise or otherwise either to is objective feature isitscompetitiveelement,wherethe path’. or leverage adaptedfromjujutsu.Itsmostprominent 19th way late the ‘the in century byusingtheprinciplesofbalanceand Japan means in means developed ‘ju’ was ‘do’ judo, Judo term and the ‘gentle’ In sport. Olympic Judo is a popularmartial art, combative and 2021–22 8/24/2020 11:41:04 AM

Team Games and Sports II 123 8/24/2020 11:41:04 AM

2021–22 (14 to 16 meters). mats and the individual commonly referred to as tatami This area 1-meter a is long, meters (2 wide feet 3.281 by made feet 6.5 are mats up of foam mats which area, contest a is area competition the Inside wide). is 8-10 meters square. This contest area (shiaijo) is green in color, that would be 29.5 feet square (9-meters) and it will have a 3.281 foot (1-meter) red boundary around it. This is (judoka) that the competitor(s) alerts the danger zone and it they are about to go out of bounds. The area outside the danger zone is the safety zone. This zone is three meters wide and it is the out-of-bounds area. Rules Officials There match. judo a over preside who officials three are There and area contest the around inside walks who referee one is sit diagonally There are two judges who conducts the match. in a corner. The two one another, each from across the mat when the contestant and indicate the referee judges assist charge in is The referee area. contest the of goes outside and uses hand and accessing penalties of awarding points a judge disagrees if However, his decision. gestures to signal decision the and vote a take officials three the then call, a with and the Judge to In addition vote. by a majority decided is Referees there are also scorekeepers and timers. displays points and penalties usually a scoreboard, which There is or manual. Medical personnel and it can either be electronic of injury to a contestant. are also on hand in the event Contestants known as Judokas, compete for The two contestants, who are contestant One women. for minutes 4 and men for minutes 5 other a blue uniform. wears white uniform and the Uniforms The judokas wear loose-fitting judo uniforms called judogi, made up Judogi is pants, a jacket and a belt. consisting of of loose-fitting pants, a jacket and a belt that is tied around They cotton. made of and pants are The jacket waist. the are made so a rival should are either blue or white and they be able them so as to one of on either get a grip be able to other the white wear judoka will One throw. judo a make to around is wrapped meters long and it three is blue. The belt the waist twice. The color of the belt signifies the rank the combatant has reached. Competition area The entire competition area in judo is 46 to 53 feet square Chap-7.indd 123 Chap-7.indd 124 124

Health and Physical Education - Class X belt. e.g.: Yellow belt orBlack list. proficiency given in India? Make a the is What Activity 7.1 well asmilitaryhand-to-hand combatsystems. incorporated intoothermartial artsas have been techniques as, traditional,historicand modern styles.Wrestling such position. There are a wide range of styles with varying rules, or partners, who attempt to gain andmaintain a superior competition, betweentwo(occasionallymore) competitors locks joint downs, take and othergrapplingholds.Awrestlingbout isaphysical throws, fighting, clinch, as such a form of combatsportinvolving grapplingtypetechniques world, wrestling has also been equally popular in India. It is Considered as one of the most ancient and oldest sport in the W result inexpulsionfromthetournament. and doesnot opponent. Thisisanindirecthansoku-make shido becomeshansoku-makeandthe victory is given to the another is hansoku. After two shido aregiven,thethird Two types of penalties may be awarded. One is shido and Judo penalties is declaredthewinnerofmatch. point first the scores who contestant the and period minute five- extra an for match the extend will This Score”. “Golden five-minute the after winner period hasended,thereferee announces thebeginningof no is there If used. was rule “GoldenScore” the Games, 2004 Olympic the at time first who hasscoredthemostpoints.Ineventofatie,for 10 or Ippon an score to points bytheendofmatch,winnerwill be theJudoka able is Judokas the of neither If techniques. Judo successful using by points 10 equals that the repechage pools will be the winners of the bronze medals. which is also a single-elimination tournament. Thewinners of lose to a pool winner are then enteredinto a repechage round winning thesilver medal. Ineachpool,thecompetitorswho will compete forthegoldmedal,withloserofthiscontest its own single-elimination tournament. The two pool winners the there are two pools, and eachpool has In other. each fighting be will contestants which determine A randomdraw, in the same weight category, is used to Contest when theybeginandendeachbout. pieces of tape mark the place where the judoka will stand one blue and one white 13.1 feet apart (4-meters). These two restling To winthecontestaJudokamustscoreanIppon In themiddleofcontestareaaretwo pieces oftape, 2021–22 8/24/2020 11:41:04 AM Team Games and Sports II 125 8/24/2020 11:41:05 AM Do You Know? In 2008, Sushil brought Kumar Medal for India at 2nd feat This Games. Olympic Bronze was repeated by Sushil games Olympics at 2012 and Medal) Kumar (Silver Yogeshwar Dutt Bronze was medal first The Medal. Jadhav in by K.D. won 1952 at Helsinki Games. Geeta Phogat became the first Indianrepresent to wrestler woman the country Games. London Olympic at 2012 dhobi pench, and 2021–22 known as multani, daos Fig. 7.6: Bout in wrestling , which means wrestling, denotes both a denotes both wrestling, means which Kushti, . In famous Indian epic, , YuddhaIn famous Indian epic, Malla . The term pat, and kalajangh and the corresponding freestyle moves known as arm drag, front hip throw, and fireman carry. But what is significantly different about in mud pits, engage in bouts mostly wrestle that wrestlers wrestling in India is and under times At other more. or an hour half for last that other circumstances Indian wrestlers follow clearly defined international guidelines, rules, and regulations. was considered to be a great wrestler of that time that of wrestler be a great to considered was Bhima included , and some of the other great wrestlers Indian epic, Duryodhana, and . Another described and Hanuman is mentions about wrestling also India in Wrestling time. that of wrestlers great the of one as continued to increase its popularity during modern days. Even encouraging got India in wrestling rule, British during the the included the game into rulers support, as the British India was considered among the practice. In fact, military hosted also India 1960s. the till wrestling in countries 10 top the World Wrestling Championship at in 1967. History has been a part of human society since ancient Wrestling the In India also it received regular patronage from times. Emperors and Kings. Wrestling in India then was popularly known as as a more global combat. Kushti local form of the art as well is composed of three primary dimensions: dao, (moves, counter-moves, and stance). There may and stance). counter-moves, (moves, paintra the between similarities be Chap-7.indd 125 Chap-7.indd 126 126

Health and Physical Education - Class X Rules andregulations Measurement ofthewrestlingmat discipline intheAthensGames2004. acknowledgement ofFemaleWrestling as anOlympic Protection area Thickness ofthemat Colour ofmarksonthemat Height oftheplatform Empty spaceontheborderofmat Dimensions ofthemat Worldwide wrestling entered anewerawiththe 2. 1.

The wrestler must be at be must wrestler The two are There at theWorldCha be sponsored by the national federation, to compete of thetwostylesareidentical: rules the exception, key one With Greco-Roman. and Passivity Protection area zone • • Fig. 7.7:Specificationsofwrestlingplayarea • • 2021–22 attack. used toexecuteholdsordefendagainst In freestyle, both thearmsand legs may be trip, liftorexecuteothermoves. to legs own his use nor legs, opponent’s his attack not may wrestler a Greco-Roman, In Terms 7 m Olympic styles of wrestling, Central mpionships orOlympic Games. area 12 m 1.5 m 1 m 1 m least 17 years old, and must and old, years 17 least 1.2 to1.5mwidth 10 cm Red ofBlue 1.10 metre 1 metre 9 metersinacircle Dimensions 12 m 8/24/2020 11:41:06 AM Team Games and Sports II 127 8/24/2020 11:41:06 AM 30 kg 33 kg 36 kg 39 kg 42 kg 46 kg 50 kg 54 kg 58 kg 62 kg 43 kg 46 kg 49 kg 53 kg 57 kg 61 kg 65 kg 69 kg 73 kg 55 kg 60 kg 63 kg 67 kg 72 kg 77 kg 82 kg 36-40 kg 2021–22 Freestyle (Girls) Freestyle (Girls) eight weight divisions weight eight Greco-Roman (Boys) 50 kg 53 kg 55 kg 57 kg 59 kg 62 kg 65 kg Under-19 Boys and Girls Under-17 Boys and Girls Under-14 Boys and Girls Under-14 Boys Freestyle (Girls) 38 kg 41 kg 44 kg 48 kg 52 kg 57 kg 62 kg 68 kg 75 kg 35 kg 48 kg 51 kg 55 kg 60 kg 65 kg 71 kg 80 kg 92 kg 110 kg 41-45 kg Freestyle (Boys) in men’s international wrestling and six for women. competition, the to prior weighed-in are Athletes to in order level or below be at the weight and must competition. participate in the New weight categories for wrestling (for 2018-19) — for wrestling (for 2018-19) New weight categories The weight divisions: There are are There divisions: weight The

57 kg 61 kg 65 kg 70 kg 74 kg 79 kg 86 kg 4. 3. Freestyle Freestyle and Greco-Roman (Boys)

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Health and Physical Education - Class X Scoring rulesandterms • • • • •

125 kg • • • • • 7. 6. 5. 97 kg 92 kg with a30secondbreak. minutes 02 of periods two of be will bout a of duration The — veterans and cadets U-15 bout the of Duration then scoredanescape,worthonepoint. and getstotheirfeet, facing the rival. The athletehas bottom position(after being under dominantcontrol) Escape is when anathleteworks tocomeoutfromthe control, hehasscoredareversal,worthone point. verses his position and comes to the top position in re- completely underneath man the when is, Reversal one receive extra point. will seconds five for position danger a in feet and onthemat. A wrestler who holdshisopponent angle, pointsarescored.Thiscanoccurbothfromthe the to mat. Once the line of the back area breaks a 90-degree shoulders opponent’s an turning is Exposure onto hisback. but canbeworth more if the opponentis brought down mat fromastandingposition.Thisisworthonepoint, occurswhenamantakesopponenttothe

The uniform: Wrestlers must wear may coach The coach: The three are There officials: The or pullover,pantsandshoes. wrestling federation. Referees must wear a white shirt must beofatypeapprovedbytheinternational Thewrestlingsinglet carry ahandkerchief. shoes and in thecolorassignedtothem(redorblue),wrestling mat duringthecompetition. platform oratleasttwometersfromtheedgeof and falls. points technical on agree must officials three the of two least At vote. majority a on points award officials where amatch an athlete from his/her nation is participating. The officiate official an may thesame nor match, officiating nation same the from officials plus achairpersonandjudge.Therecannotbetwo international wrestling match, areferee(onthemat) o

The competition rules: You havealready gone Games. through these rules in Class IX, Chapter 10 2021–22 72 kg 68 kg 76 kg remain at the foot of the of foot the at remain a one-piece singlet, officials for every for officials 130 kg 97 kg 87 kg Team 8/24/2020 11:41:06 AM Team Games and Sports II 129 8/24/2020 11:41:06 AM Parterre 2021–22 Terms by fall by injury by a disqualification by points (by having of the addition point more after at least 1 two periods) The highest value of holds. The least amount of cautions. point/points technical The last scored. Scoring Types of Victories position who completely lifts his opponent off the off opponent his lifts completely who position a high amplitude ground with the execution of and a direct the opponent into project which throw immediate danger position. Bring two shoulders of the opponent ground. on the Holding of opponent on the ground Holding of opponent in danger Placing the opponent into immediate danger Bringing the opponent position Exceeding height losing contact of a throw of great from the ground. the other opponent in a standing All grand amplitude throws executed to a wrestler position which bring the defending direct and immediate danger position. in the The hold executed by a wrestler Junior and seniors — The duration of a bout will be two a bout will The duration of seniors — Junior and second break. with a 30 of 3 minutes each periods • • For all the competitions, the timing displayed on the on displayed timing the competitions, the all For In case of tie by points, the winner will be declared by successively considering A bout may be won Fall 5 points Points 1 point 2 points 3 points 4 points scoreboards will start from 6 to 1 minute (from 4 to 0 minute 0 to 4 (from minute 1 to 6 from start will scoreboards cadets and veterans). for U-15, Chap-7.indd 129 Chap-7.indd 130 130

Health and Physical Education - Class X K K

II. I. I. ho abaddi

Fill intheBlanks Fill intheBlanks Answer thefollowingQuestions -K 3. 2. 4. 3. 2. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 6. 5. 4. 1. 1.

ho The first ever book of book Gymkhana Baroda,in______. ever first The ‘ ______’. Kho-Kho that say historians Many the ______orrunners. ______secondseachinhalf. allowed be shall team Each minutes interval inthecaseofwomenandjuniorgirls. ______with minutes ______of junior and and boys men of case in interval minutes ______with The duration of the match the take ground atatime. players ______only but players, ______minimum of consists team Each line inbetweenmakingitintoidenticalhalves. What istheGoldenRaidrule? What isabonuspoint? What aretherulesregardingsubstitutions? What isthesystemofscoringinKabaddi? List thelandmarksinhistoryofKabaddiIndia. icpie n h nx ______ae t b hl i New in held be to Delhi in______. Games ______next the in has discipline Association Olympic Indian The of India. at ______in 1959-60 under the auspices of ______India All ever first The main stadium. Kho when ______featured an exhibition of Kho-Kho in the the got 1936 year The In Kho-Kho, one team becomes the ______and the other the and ______the becomes team one Kho-Kho, In The Kabaddi court measures ______meters with a dividing A 2021–22 ssessment Kho-Kho Championships were organised were Championships Kho-Kho golden opportunity for the game of Kho- of game the for opportunity golden h-h rls a pbihd from published was rules Kho-Kho is two halves of ______minutes to take ______“time outs” of outs” “time ______take to ______ad maximum and ______is actually a modified form of form modified a actually is nldd h-h a a as kho-kho included 8/24/2020 11:41:06 AM Team Games and Sports II 131 8/24/2020 11:41:06 AM uniforms called judo is ______to ______, compete for are posts, two watches, and 2021–22 is rectangular. It is 29 meters in in meters 29 is It rectangular. is awarded against a Judoka. These is 20 meter and the other side is 9 in one direction and cannot cut across cut cannot and direction one in Judoka must score an ______contest area are two pieces of tape, one innings. An innings consists of chasing and chasing of consists innings An innings. innings there is an interval of 5 minutes and an and minutes 5 of interval an is there innings In Kho-Kho, each team consists of 15 players, but only 12 players 12 only but players, 15 of consists team each Kho-Kho, In ______square feet (14 to 16 meters). ______and one ______. a score that equals techniques. 10 points by using successful Judo . ______and ______, are: penalties area and conducts the match and the mat from one another, judges who sit diagonally across there are ______each in a corner. ______minutes for men and ______minutes for women. ______because ______. length and 16 meters in width. One side of the rectangle meters. the of end the At the turns. interval of 2 minutes, in between of Judo? Briefly list the typical characteristics Why should we learn Judo? How has Judo developed in India? take the field for a contest take the field for 4 of consists match A 9 minutes each. running turns of run only can chasers The and in the dodgers who can run randomly the sitters unlike between the sitters. The equipment used in Kho-Kho score board. pitch) (or playground Kho-Kho A There is one ______who walks around inside the contest contest the inside around walks who ______one is There The entire competition area in In the middle of the To win the contest a Penalty points can also be Contestants, who are known as The judoka wears loose-fitting judo

1. 1. 2. 3. 7. 4. 5. 6. 2. 3. 1. 6. 7. 3. 4. 5. 2. Fill in the Blanks Answer the following Questions State whether True or False True or State whether

udo I. II. II.

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Chap-7.indd 131 Chap-7.indd 132 132

Health and Physical Education - Class X W

II. I. restling

Fill intheBlanks Answer thefollowingQuestions 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 2. 1.

at anytime,theroundisstopped. ______scores wrestler a If ______(on the mat) plus a ______and a ______There are three officials for meter circularcompetitionarea. International wrestling is contested on used toexecuteholdsordefendagainstattack. ______the both freestyle, In execute othermoves. or lift trip, to ______own his/her use nor ______, may wrestler a Greco-Roman, In ______andothergrapplingholds. such as ______, ______, ______, ______, of form a is It List anddescribethescoringrulestermsofwrestling. List thelandmarksinhistoryofwrestlingIndia? combat sports involving grappling type techniques type grappling involving sports combat 2021–22 every international wrestling match, a points more than his opponent his than more points not attack his/her opponent’s his/her attack not n ______a be may ______and a mat, with a ______8/24/2020 11:41:06 AM