EFFECT OF PHYSICAL COMBINED PHYSICAL CUM YOGIC PRACTICES ON SELECTED PHYSICAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERFORMANCE FACTORS OF KABADDI PLAYERS A thesis submitted to Bharathidasan University for the award of the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION Submitted by K. SENTHIL KUMAR Under the Guidance of Dr. K. CHANDRASEKARAN Professor & Head Department of Physical Education Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai – 625 021 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY TIRUCHIRAPPALLI-620 024 TAMILNADU, INDIA April 2012 Dr. K. CHANDRASEKARAN Professor & Head Department of Physical Education Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai – 625 021 [email protected] CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Effect of Physical Combined Physical cum Yogic Practices on Selected Physical Physiological Psychological and Performance Factors of Kabaddi Players” submitted by K. SENTHIL KUMAR for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Physical Education, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, is a bonafide record of research work carried out under my guidance and supervision. It is further certified that to the best of my knowledge that this thesis does not form part of any other thesis or dissertation for the award of any other degree or diploma. Place: Madurai Research guide Date: ii DECLARATION I do here by declare that the thesis entitled “Effect of Physical Combined Physical cum Yogic Practices on Selected Physical Physiological Psychological and Performance Factors of Kabaddi Players” submitted for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Physical Education, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli is the original work carried out by me under the guidance and supervision of Dr. K. CHANDRASEKARAN, Professor and Head, Department of Physical Education, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai. I further declare that this work has not been submitted earlier in full or in parts to any university for the award of any other degree or diploma. Place: Tiruchirappalli (K. SENTHIL KUMAR) Date: iii Dedicated to Father Natesan Mother Muthammal and my Adored Wife iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I gratefully acknowledge and sincerely appreciate my guide Dr. K. Chandrasekaran, Professor and Head, Department of Physical Education, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai for his scholarly guidance, constant encouragement, continuous support and patience throughout the completion of this work. Without his valuable guidance this work would not be a successful one. I extend my deep heart felt thanks to Dr. A. Pushparajan, Dean, School of Education and Research, Karpagam University, Coimbatore for his technical assistant and his valuable support, this work would certainly not have been possible. I acknowledge with all humility and deep gratitude to Dr. P. Marriayya, Professor and Head, Department of Physical Education, Periyar Maniammai University, Thanjavur for their encouragement throughout my carrier. I am eternally grateful to Dr. R. Kalidasan, Assistant Professor and Head i/c, Department of Physical Education Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli for his help rendered in the completion of this study. I extend my deep heart felt thanks to Dr. S.T.N. Rajeshwaran, Associate Professor and Dr. T. Radhakrishnan, Assistant Professor, Bharathiar University for their constant encouragement throughout my doctoral programme. I extend my gratitude and sincere thanks to Dr. C. Saikumar, Principal, and Dr. T. Jayapal, Associate Professor, Maruthi College of Physical Education, Coimbatore for their constant encouragement throughout my doctoral programme. I would like to give my sincere thanks to Dr. G. Palanisamy and Dr. V. Perumal, Retired Associate Professors, Maruthi College of Physical Education, Coimbatore for their encouragement throughout my carrier. v I express my sincere thanks to Dr. V. Jayaveerapandian, Associate Professor and Dr. C. Ramesh, Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai and D r. MMG. Harihararamachandran, Physical Director, Govt. Hr Sec School, Thulayanatham for their kind help at various stages of this study. I thank Dr. V. Vallimurugan, Principal and Mr. M. Suresh Kumar, Assistant Professor, Selvam College of Physical Education, Namakkal for their kind help at various stages of this study. I thank Mr. S. Jayatheerthan and Mr. S. Ramji, Assistant Professors, Dept. of Commerce and all the faculty members of Valluvar College of Science and Management, Karur for their careful effort and fine tuning of language. I thank Mr. P. Muralikrishnan, Mr. M. Venkatachalam, Mr. S. Anand and Mr. S. Prabhu for their kind help at various stages of this study. I extend my feelings of gratitude to research scholars of Bharathidasan University Mr. A. Needhiraja, Mr. J. Viswanathan and Mr. T.P.Yogesh for their kind help at various stages of this study. I extend my feelings of gratitude to Mr. P. Prabakaran, Mr. T. K. Rajasekaran, Mr. M. Arumugam and Mr. K. Soundarrajan, staff members, Department of Physical Education, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli. I express my sincere thanks to all who actively involved as the subjects for this study. Finally, I wish to thank everybody who participated directly or indirectly in the process of the completion of this work. K. Senthil Kumar vi List of Contents Certificate by the Supervisor ii Declaration by the Scholar iii Dedication iv Acknowledgements v List of Contents vii List of Tables ix List of Figures x Chapter I Introduction 1-27 Objectives of the Present Study Statement of the Problem Hypothesis Significance of the study Delimitations Limitations Definitions of the Terms Chapter II Review of Related Literature 28-41 Studies on Yogic Exercises Studies on Kabaddi Chapter III Methodology 42-72 Selection of Subjects Selection of Variables Experimental Design Reliability of the Test vii Reliability of Data Tester’s Reliability Subject’s Reliability Orientation of the Subjects Administration of the Test Items Administration of Training Programme Collection of Data Statistical Techniques Chapter IV Analysis of Data and Results of the Study 73-97 Overview Test of Significance Descriptive Analysis Computation of Analysis of Covariance Discussion on Findings Discussion on Hypothesis Chapter V Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations 98-101 Summary Findings Conclusions Recommendations Bibliography 102-105 viii List of Tables Table Title Page No I Reliability co-efficient of correlation of test-retest scores 45 Descriptive analysis of initial, final and adjusted means II of physical exercises combined physical cum yogic 75 practices and control group on criterion measures Summary of analysis of variance for the initial means III among physical combined physical cum yogic exercises, 76 and control group on criterion variables Summary of analysis of variance for the final means IV among physical combined physical cum yogic practices 78 and control group on criterion variables Summary of analysis of variance for the adjusted means V among physical combined physical cum yogic practices 80 and control group on criterion variables Scheffe’s test of significance between paired final VI 82 adjusted means for physical variables Scheffe’s test of significance between paired final VII 85 adjusted means for physiological variables Scheffe’s test of significance between paired final VIII 88 adjusted means for psychological variables Scheffe’s test of significance between paired final IX 91 adjusted means for performance variables ix List of Figures Page Figure Title No Bar diagram showing the mean values of physical, combined I physical cum yogic practices and control group on explosive 83 power Bar diagram showing the mean values of physical, combined II physical cum yogic practices and control group on muscular 83 endurance Bar diagram showing the mean values of physical, combined III 84 physical cum yogic exercise and control group on speed Bar diagram showing the mean values of physical, combined IV 84 physical cum yogic practices and control group on agility Bar diagram showing the mean values of physical, combined V 86 physical cum yogic practices and control group on heart rate Bar diagram showing the mean values of physical, combined VI physical cum yogic practices and control group on systolic 86 blood pressure Bar diagram showing the mean values of physical, combined VII physical cum yogic practices and control group on diastolic 87 blood pressure Bar diagram showing the mean values of physical, combined VIII physical cum yogic practices and control group on breath 87 holding time Bar diagram showing the mean values of physical, combined IX physical cum yogic practices and control group on cognitive 89 anxiety Bar diagram showing the mean values of physical, combined X physical cum yogic practices and control group on somatic 89 anxiety Bar diagram showing the mean values of physical, combined XI physical cum yogic practices and control group on self 90 confidence x Bar diagram showing the mean values of physical, combined XII 92 physical cum yogic practices and control group on hand touch Bar diagram showing the mean values of physical, combined XIII 92 physical cum yogic practices and control group on leg touch Bar diagram showing the mean values of physical, combined XIV 93 physical cum yogic practices and control group on ankle hold Bar diagram showing the mean values of physical, combined XV 93 physical cum yogic practices and control group on blocking. xi Chapter – I Introduction CHAPTER