1 Introduction: Geography and Gendered Rule 1
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15 Day Georgian Holidays Cultural & Sightseeing Tours
15 Day Georgian Holidays Cultural & Sightseeing Tours Overview Georgian Holidays - 15 Days/14 Nights Starts from: Tbilisi Available: April - October Type: Private multy-day cultural tour Total driving distance: 2460 km Duration: 15 days Tour takes off in the capital Tbilisi, and travels through every corner of Georgia. Visitors are going to sightsee major cities and towns, provinces in the highlands of the Greater and Lesser Caucasus mountains, the shores of the Black Sea, natural wonders of the West Georgia, traditional wine- making areas in the east, and all major historico-cultural monuments of the country. This is very special itinerary and covers almost all major sights in Tbilisi, Telavi, Mtskheta, Kazbegi, Kutaisi, Zugdidi, Mestia, and Batumi. Tour is accompanied by professional and experienced guide and driver that will make your journey smooth, informational and unforgettable. Preview or download tour description file (PDF) Tour details Code: TB-PT-GH-15 Starts from: Tbilisi Max. Group Size: 15 Adults Duration: 15 Days Prices Group size Price per adult Solo 3074 € 2-3 people 1819 € 4-5 people 1378 € 6-7 people 1184 € 8-9 people 1035 € 10-15 people 1027 € *Online booking deposit: 60 € The above prices (except for solo) are based on two people sharing a twin/double room accommodation. 1 person from the group will be FREE of charge if 10 and more adults are traveling together Child Policy 0-1 years - Free 2-6 years - 514 € *Online booking deposit will be deducted from the total tour price. As 7 years and over - Adult for the remaining sum, you can pay it with one of the following methods: Bank transfer - in Euro/USD/GBP currency, no later than two weeks before the tour starts VISA/Mastercard - in GEL (local currency) in Tbilisi only, before the tour starts, directly to your guide via POS terminal. -
The Historical Background of Catalan Separatism: the Case of Occitania
Przegląd Narodowościowy / Review of Nationalities • nr 10/2020 • A new wave of separatism in the world ISSN 2084-848X (print) • ISSN 2543-9391 (on-line) • DOI 10.2478/pn-2020-0011 Rozalia Sasor* Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1461-8453 The historical background of Catalan separatism: The case of Occitania Introduction Provencal troubadours are widely known, however not everyone realizes that the type of lyric that made them famous was popular not only in the relatively small region of Provence and treating it as a part of history of French literature is a methodological sim- plification. The poetry of troubadours, with its characteristic metric forms and themes – the most famous being naturally the concept of fin’amor, courtly love – belongs to the original, native works of the whole langue d’Oc area, meaning not only Occitania, but also the Crown of Aragon. The political domination of the counts of Barcelona, and later the kings of Catalan-Aragonese Crown in the region beyond the Pyrenees not only fa- cilitated the intermingling of cultures in this area. It also led to the creation of one, com- mon, Occitan-Catalan cultural environment, where the poets of Languedoc, Provence and Catalonia travelled between the noble courts and composed songs in the same style and language. Due to this it makes more historical sense to include their poetry not in the history of French literature, but Catalan literature that in the 14th century still used Occitan language, alien to the works of langue d’oïl. The same fact makes understand- able the claims of Catalan people regarding the separateness of their own culture from the culture of Castille, at least with regard to the Middle Ages. -
The COMICAL HISTORY of ALPHONSUS, KING of ARAGON
ElizabethanDrama.org presents the Annotated Popular Edition of The COMICAL HISTORY of ALPHONSUS, KING OF ARAGON By Robert Greene Written c. 1588-1591 Earliest Extant Edition: 1599 Featuring complete and easy-to-read annotations. Annotations and notes © Copyright Peter Lukacs and ElizabethanDrama.org, 2021. This annotated play may be freely copied and distributed. The COMICAL HISTORY of ALPHONSUS, KING OF ARAGON by ROBERT GREENE Written c. 1588-1591 Earliest Extant Edition: 1599 DRAMATIS PERSONAE: European Characters: Carinus, the rightful heir to the crown of Aragon. Alphonsus, his son. Flaminius, King of Aragon. INTRODUCTION to the PLAY. Albinius, a Lord of Aragon Laelius, a Lord of Aragon There is no point in denying that Alphonsus, King of Miles, a Lord of Aragon Aragon, Robert Greene's first effort as a dramatist, is Belinus, King of Naples. clearly inferior to Christopher Marlowe's Tamburlaine, the Fabius, a Lord of Naples. play (or plays, really) that inspired it. Having said that, a Duke of Millain (Milan). modern reader can still enjoy Greene's tale of his own un- conquerable hero, and will appreciate the fact that, unlike Eastern Characters: the works of other lesser playwrights, Alphonsus does move briskly along, with armies swooping breathlessly on Amurack, the Great Turk. and off the stage. Throw in Elizabethan drama's first talking Fausta, wife to Amurack. brass head, and a lot of revenge and murder, and the reader Iphigina, their daughter. will be amply rewarded. Arcastus, King of the Moors. The language of Alphonsus is also comparatively easy Claramont, King of Barbary. to follow, making it an excellent starter-play for those who Crocon, King of Arabia. -
PRO GEORGIA JOURNAL of KARTVELOLOGICAL STUDIES N O 27 — 2017 2
1 PRO GEORGIA JOURNAL OF KARTVELOLOGICAL STUDIES N o 27 — 2017 2 E DITOR- IN-CHIEF David KOLBAIA S ECRETARY Sophia J V A N I A EDITORIAL C OMMITTEE Jan M A L I C K I, Wojciech M A T E R S K I, Henryk P A P R O C K I I NTERNATIONAL A DVISORY B OARD Zaza A L E K S I D Z E, Professor, National Center of Manuscripts, Tbilisi Alejandro B A R R A L – I G L E S I A S, Professor Emeritus, Cathedral Museum Santiago de Compostela Jan B R A U N (†), Professor Emeritus, University of Warsaw Andrzej F U R I E R, Professor, Universitet of Szczecin Metropolitan A N D R E W (G V A Z A V A) of Gori and Ateni Eparchy Gocha J A P A R I D Z E, Professor, Tbilisi State University Stanis³aw L I S Z E W S K I, Professor, University of Lodz Mariam L O R T K I P A N I D Z E, Professor Emerita, Tbilisi State University Guram L O R T K I P A N I D Z E, Professor Emeritus, Tbilisi State University Marek M ¥ D Z I K (†), Professor, Maria Curie-Sk³odowska University, Lublin Tamila M G A L O B L I S H V I L I, Professor, National Centre of Manuscripts, Tbilisi Lech M R Ó Z, Professor, University of Warsaw Bernard OUTTIER, Professor, University of Geneve Andrzej P I S O W I C Z, Professor, Jagiellonian University, Cracow Annegret P L O N T K E - L U E N I N G, Professor, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena Tadeusz Ś W I Ę T O C H O W S K I (†), Professor, Columbia University, New York Sophia V A S H A L O M I D Z E, Professor, Martin-Luther-Univerity, Halle-Wittenberg Andrzej W O Ź N I A K, Professor, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 3 PRO GEORGIA JOURNAL OF KARTVELOLOGICAL STUDIES No 27 — 2017 (Published since 1991) CENTRE FOR EAST EUROPEAN STUDIES FACULTY OF ORIENTAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW WARSAW 2017 4 Cover: St. -
The Legacy of the Inquisition in the Colonization of New Spain and New Mexico C
University of Texas at El Paso DigitalCommons@UTEP Student Papers (History) Department of History 5-11-2012 Lobos y Perros Rabiosos: The Legacy of the Inquisition in the Colonization of New Spain and New Mexico C. Michael Torres [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.utep.edu/hist_honors Comments: Master's Seminar Essay Recommended Citation Torres, C. Michael, "Lobos y Perros Rabiosos: The Legacy of the Inquisition in the Colonization of New Spain and New Mexico" (2012). Student Papers (History). Paper 2. http://digitalcommons.utep.edu/hist_honors/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at DigitalCommons@UTEP. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Papers (History) by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UTEP. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LOBOS Y PERROS RABIOSOS: The Legacy of the Inquisition in the Colonization of New Spain and New Mexico Cheryl Martin, PhD. Master’s Seminar Essay May 11, 2012 C. Michael Torres 1 It is unlikely that any American elementary school student could forget the importance of the year 1492, as it immediately brings to mind explorer Christopher Columbus, his three tiny sailing ships and the daring voyage of discovery to the New World. Of no less importance was what historian Teofilo Ruiz of UCLA has called the Other 1492, the completion of the Reconquista (Reconquest) of the Moorish kingdoms in Iberia, and the expulsion of the Jews from Spain by the Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragón, and Queen Isabella of Castile.1 These seemingly unconnected events influenced the history and economy of Spain and Europe, setting in motion the exploration, immigration, and colonization of the Americas which gave rise to Spain‟s Golden Age. -
Spanish Persecution of the 15Th-17Th Centuries: a Study of Discrimination Against Witches at the Local and State Levels Laura Ledray Hamline University
Hamline University DigitalCommons@Hamline Departmental Honors Projects College of Liberal Arts Spring 2016 Spanish Persecution of the 15th-17th Centuries: A Study of Discrimination Against Witches at the Local and State Levels Laura Ledray Hamline University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.hamline.edu/dhp Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Ledray, Laura, "Spanish Persecution of the 15th-17th Centuries: A Study of Discrimination Against Witches at the Local and State Levels" (2016). Departmental Honors Projects. 51. https://digitalcommons.hamline.edu/dhp/51 This Honors Project is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Liberal Arts at DigitalCommons@Hamline. It has been accepted for inclusion in Departmental Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Hamline. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. 1 Spanish Persecution of the 15th-17th Centuries: A Study of Discrimination Against Witches at the Local and State Levels Laura Ledray An Honors Thesis Submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors in History from Hamline University 4/24/2016 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction_________________________________________________________________________________________3 Historiography______________________________________________________________________________________8 Origins of the Spanish Inquisition_______________________________________________________________15 Identifying -
1492 Reconsidered: Religious and Social Change in Fifteenth Century Ávila
1492 RECONSIDERED: RELIGIOUS AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN FIFTEENTH CENTURY ÁVILA by Carolyn Salomons A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland May 2014 © 2014 Carolyn Salomons All Rights Reserved Abstract This dissertation is an assessment of the impact of the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492 on the city of Ávila, in northwestern Castile. The expulsion was the culmination of a series of policies set forth by Isabel I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon regarding Jewish-Christian relations. The monarchs invoked these policies in order to bolster the faith and religious praxis of Catholics in the kingdoms, especially those Catholics newly converted from Judaism. My work shows how the implementation of these strategies began to fracture the heretofore relatively convivial relations between the confessional groups residing in Ávila. A key component of the Crown’s policies was the creation of a Jewish quarter in the city, where previously, Jews had lived wherever they chose. This transformation of a previously shared civic place to one demarcated clearly by religious affiliation, i.e. the creation of both Jewish and Christian space, had a visceral impact on how Christians related to their former neighbors, and hostilities between the two communities increased in the closing decades of the fifteenth century. Yet at the same time, Jewish appeals to the Crown for assistance in the face of harassment and persecution were almost always answered positively, with the Crown intervening several times on behalf of their Jewish subjects. This seemingly incongruous attitude reveals a key component in the relationship between the Crown and Jews: the “royal alliance.” My work also details how invoking that alliance came at the expense of the horizontal alliances between Abulense Jews and Christians, and only fostered antagonism between the confessional groups. -
Catalonian Architectural Identity
Catalan Identity as Expressed Through Architecture Devon G. Shifflett HIST 348-01: The History of Spain November 18, 2020 1 Catalonia (Catalunya) is an autonomous community in Spain with a unique culture and language developed over hundreds of years. This unique culture and language led to Catalans developing a concept of Catalan identity which encapsulates Catalonia’s history, cuisine, architecture, culture, and language. Catalan architects have developed distinctly Catalan styles of architecture to display Catalan identity in a public and physical setting; the resulting buildings serve as a physical embodiment of Catalan identity and signify spaces within Catalan cities as distinctly Catalonian. The major architectural movements that accomplish this are Modernisme, Noucentisme, and Postmodernism. These architectural movements have produced unique and beautiful buildings in Catalonia that serve as symbols for Catalan national unity. Catalonia’s long history, which spans thousands of years, contributes heavily to the development of Catalan identity and nationalism. Various Celtiberian tribes initially inhabited the region of Iberia that later became Catalonia.1 During the Second Punic War (218-201 BC), Rome began its conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, which was occupied by the Carthaginians and Celtiberians, and established significant colonies around the Pyrennees mountain range that eventually become Barcelona and Tarragona; it was during Roman rule that Christianity began to spread throughout Catalonia, which is an important facet of Catalan identity.2 Throughout the centuries following Roman rule, the Visigoths, Frankish, and Moorish peoples ruled Catalonia, with Moorish rule beginning to flounder in the tenth-century.3 Approximately the year 1060 marked the beginning of Catalan independence; throughout this period of independence, Catalonia was very prosperous and contributed heavily to the Reconquista.4 This period of independence did not last long, though, with Catalonia and Aragon's union beginning in 1 Thomas N. -
Kvemo Kartli Üzrə
Müvəkkil 1 M№6 (12) İyun 2014 üvəkkil VƏTƏNDAŞ CƏMİYYƏTİ - CƏMİYYƏT MARAĞI AVROPA BİRLİYİ VƏ GÜRCÜSTAN- 2 ASOSİYASİYA HAQQINDA RAZILIQ- SUALLAR VƏ CAVABLAR YERLİ BƏLƏDİYYƏ VƏ RAYON İCRA 3 HAKİMİYYƏTİNƏ SEÇKİLƏR ƏRƏFƏSİNDƏ... NGOs ADDRESS TO THE SELF-REGULATORY 4 BODY OF KAVKASIA TV CHANNEL GÜRCÜSTAN AZƏRBAYCANLILARI 5 ALLAHIN ÜMİDİNƏ QALIB ГРУЗИНСКАЯ МЕЧТА АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНЦЕВ 6 2013-cü ildə Ümumi Səhiyyənin Qorunmasının Dövlət proqramının altkomponentləri ilə nəzərdə tutulmuş 7 xidmətin təşkil edilməsi üçün qeydiyyat haqqında ərizə formasının doldurulması və təqdim edilməsi qaydası KAXETİ BÖLGƏSİNDƏ SAQARECO RAYONUNU QARAÇÖP 8 MAHALINDA YAŞAYAN AZƏRBAYCANLILARIN SOSİAL-İQDİSADİ, MİLLİ-MƏNƏVİ VƏ TƏHSİL PROBLEMLƏRİNİN VƏZİYƏTİ SİYASİ PARTİYALARIN NAMİZƏDLƏR 9 HAQQINDA MƏLUMAT BORÇALI – KVEMO KARTLİ ÜZRƏ Majoritar namizədlər haqqında məlumat 18 Borçalı – Kvemo Kartli üzrə MRMG №12 Human Rights Monitoring Group of Ethnic Minorities 2 Müvəkkil AVROPA BİRLİYİ VƏ GÜRCÜSTAN-ASOSİYASİYA HAQQINDA RAZILIQ-SUALLAR VƏ CAVABLAR Razılıq Gürcüstana təklif edir: idarəçilik Doğrudurmu ki, “Asosiyasiya haqqında razılıq” standartlarını Avropa Birliyinin idarəçilik qüvvəyə minəndən sonra Avropa Birliyində təhsil standartları üzərində qursun, eləcədə Avropa Birliyi almaq mümkün olacaq? vətandaşlarımn olduğu kimi seçimləri olsun. Bu konkret məsələ razılıqda verilməyib. Ancaq, “Asosiyasiya haqqında razılıq” Gürcüstan Avropa Birliyinin maliyyəsi ilə artıq xüsusi demokratiyasına necə kömək edecək? ümumtəhsil proqramları fəaliyyət göstərir, hansı Razılıq deyir ki, Gürcüstan -
Pedigree of the Wilson Family N O P
Pedigree of the Wilson Family N O P Namur** . NOP-1 Pegonitissa . NOP-203 Namur** . NOP-6 Pelaez** . NOP-205 Nantes** . NOP-10 Pembridge . NOP-208 Naples** . NOP-13 Peninton . NOP-210 Naples*** . NOP-16 Penthievre**. NOP-212 Narbonne** . NOP-27 Peplesham . NOP-217 Navarre*** . NOP-30 Perche** . NOP-220 Navarre*** . NOP-40 Percy** . NOP-224 Neuchatel** . NOP-51 Percy** . NOP-236 Neufmarche** . NOP-55 Periton . NOP-244 Nevers**. NOP-66 Pershale . NOP-246 Nevil . NOP-68 Pettendorf* . NOP-248 Neville** . NOP-70 Peverel . NOP-251 Neville** . NOP-78 Peverel . NOP-253 Noel* . NOP-84 Peverel . NOP-255 Nordmark . NOP-89 Pichard . NOP-257 Normandy** . NOP-92 Picot . NOP-259 Northeim**. NOP-96 Picquigny . NOP-261 Northumberland/Northumbria** . NOP-100 Pierrepont . NOP-263 Norton . NOP-103 Pigot . NOP-266 Norwood** . NOP-105 Plaiz . NOP-268 Nottingham . NOP-112 Plantagenet*** . NOP-270 Noyers** . NOP-114 Plantagenet** . NOP-288 Nullenburg . NOP-117 Plessis . NOP-295 Nunwicke . NOP-119 Poland*** . NOP-297 Olafsdotter*** . NOP-121 Pole*** . NOP-356 Olofsdottir*** . NOP-142 Pollington . NOP-360 O’Neill*** . NOP-148 Polotsk** . NOP-363 Orleans*** . NOP-153 Ponthieu . NOP-366 Orreby . NOP-157 Porhoet** . NOP-368 Osborn . NOP-160 Port . NOP-372 Ostmark** . NOP-163 Port* . NOP-374 O’Toole*** . NOP-166 Portugal*** . NOP-376 Ovequiz . NOP-173 Poynings . NOP-387 Oviedo* . NOP-175 Prendergast** . NOP-390 Oxton . NOP-178 Prescott . NOP-394 Pamplona . NOP-180 Preuilly . NOP-396 Pantolph . NOP-183 Provence*** . NOP-398 Paris*** . NOP-185 Provence** . NOP-400 Paris** . NOP-187 Provence** . NOP-406 Pateshull . NOP-189 Purefoy/Purifoy . NOP-410 Paunton . NOP-191 Pusterthal . -
Gender-Bending Regalia in the Tomb of Constance of Aragon, Queen of Hungary and Sicily
2018 V From Her Head to Her Toes: Gender-Bending Regalia in the Tomb of Constance of Aragon, Queen of Hungary and Sicily Christopher Mielke Article: From Her Head to Her Toes: Gender-Bending Regalia in the Tomb of Constance of Aragon, Queen of Hungary and Sicily From Her Head to Her Toes: Gender-Bending Regalia in the Tomb of Constance of Aragon, Queen of Hungary and Sicily Christopher Mielke INDEPENDENT SCHOLAR Abstract: This article re-examines József Deér’s claim that the crown uncovered in the tomb of Constance of Aragon (d. 1222) was originally her husband’s. His argument is based entirely on the shape of the crown itself, and ignores the context of her burial and the other idiosyncrasies of Frederick II’s burial provisions at Palermo Cathedral. By examining the contents of the grave of Constance, and by discussing patterns related to the size of medieval crowns recovered from archaeological context, the evidence indicates that this crown would have originally adorned the buried queen’s head. Rather than identifying it as a ‘male’ crown that found its way into the queen’s sarcophagus as a gift from her husband, this article argues that Constance’s crown is evidence that as a category of analysis, gender is not as simple as it may appear. In fact, medieval crowns often had multiple owners and sometimes a crown could be owned, or even worn, by someone who had a different gender than the original owner. This fact demonstrates the need for a more complex, nuanced interpretation of regalia found in an archaeological context. -
The Latinist Poet-Viceroy of Peru and His Magnum Opus
Faventia 21/1 119-137 16/3/99 12:52 Página 119 Faventia 21/1, 1999119-137 The latinist poet-viceroy of Peru and his magnum opus Bengt Löfstedt W. Michael Mathes University of California-Los Angeles Data de recepció: 30/11/1997 Summary Diego de Benavides A descendent of one of the sons of King Alfonso VII of Castile and León, Juan Alonso de Benavides, who took his family name from the Leonese city granted to him by his father, Diego de Benavides de la Cueva y Bazán was born in 1582 in Santisteban del Puerto (Jaén). Son of the count of Santisteban del Puerto, a title granted by King Enrique IV to Díaz Sánchez in Jaén in 1473, he studied in the Colegio Mayor of San Bartolomé in the University of Salamanca, and followed both careers in letters and arms. He was the eighth count of Santisteban del Puerto, commander of Monreal in the Order of Santiago, count of Cocentina, title granted to Ximén Pérez de Corella by King Alfonso V of Aragón in 1448; count of El Risco, title granted to Pedro Dávila y Bracamonte by the Catholic Monarchs in 1475; and marquis of Las Navas, title granted to Pedro Dávila y Zúñiga, count of El Risco in 1533. As a result of his heroic actions in the Italian wars, on 11 August 1637 Benavides was granted the title of marquis of Solera by Philip IV, and he was subsequently appointed governor of Galicia and viceroy of Navarra. A royal coun- selor of war, he was a minister plenipotentiary at the Peace of the Pyrenees in 1659, and arranged the marriage of Louis XIV with the Princess María Teresa of Austria as part of the terms of the teatry1.