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ED370493.Pdf DOCUMENT RESUME ED 370 493 HE 027 453 AUTHOR Young, Raymond J.; McDougall, William P. TITLE Summer Sessions in Colleges and Universities: Perspectives, Practices, Problems, and Prospects. INSTITUTION North American Association of Summer Sessions, St. Louis, MO. SPONS AGENCY Phi Delta Kappa, Bloomington, Ind.; Washington State Univ., Pullman. Coll. of Agriculture.; Western Association of Summer Session Administrators. PUB DATE 91 NOTE 318p. AVAILABLE FROMNorth American Association of Summer Sessions, 11728 Summerhaven Dr., St. Louis, MO 63146 ($8.50). PUB TYPE Reports Research/Technical (143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC13 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *College Programs; *Educational History; *Educational Practices; Higher Education; *Program Administration; Program Development; School Schedules; Summer Programs; *Summer Schools; Universities ABSTRACT This book offers normative information about various operational facets of collegiate summer activities, places the role of the modern day collegiate summer session in evolutioLary perspective, and provides baseline information produced by four national studies and one regir)nal study. The book's chapters focus on: (1)a global perspective and orientation to the topic of collegiate summer sessions and a research review;(2) the historical of the evolution of summer sessions;(3) various features of summer terms, including organization and administration, curriculum and instructional activities, students, and staff;(4) historical development and influence of the collegiate calendar and its relationship to summer sessions;(5) historical development, role, nature, and contribution of professional associations relating to summer sessions;(6) major problems, issues, and trends regarding collegiate summer sessions; and (7) evaluation of summer sessions. An appendix provides a brief program evaluation proposal. (Contains approximately 300 references.)(JDD) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** SUMMER SESSIONS IN COLLEGES ANDUNIVERSITIES PERSPECTIVES PRACTICES PROBLEMS PROSPECTS -PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER tERIC) Michael U. Nelson ELLS-Ks document has been reproauced as re,,,ved trom the person or orgarlI/dir011 011140141111N 11 North American Assoc. 0 Minor changes have been made to ot Summer SessieRIT improve reproduction quality '0 THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES Points ot vreoe or opinions sbited in this doi.ument do not necer.szurIy ,epresent NFORMATION CENTER (ERIC).- official 3101 positron or potrcy RAYMOND J. YOUNG WILLIAM P. McDOU GALL 2 BEST COPY AMIABLE SUMMER SESSIONS IN COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES: PERSPECTIVES, PRACTICES, PROBLEMS, AND PROSPECTS By RAYMOND J. YOUNG AND WILLIAM P. McDOUGALL Distributed by the NORTH AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF SUMMER SESSIONS 11728 Summerhaven Drive St. Louis, MO 63146 Raymond J. Young is Professor, Emeritus, Department of Educational Administration, College of Education, Washington State University and William P. McDougall is Professor, Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, College of Education, Washington State University and Director of Summer Session Washington State Univasity. Copyright 1991 Raymond J. Young and William P. McDougall. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 90-63464 PREFACE A purpose of this book was to update the seminal work published over two decades ago, The American University in Summer, authored by Clarence A. Schoenfeld with Donald N. Zillman. Another purpose was to place the role of the modern day collegiate summer session/term in evolutionary perspective in view of numerous historical trends and developments which gave rise to and impacted its development and character. A third purpose was to provide a useful resource of baseline information on this important segment of collegiate operation for scholars, researchers, practitioners, and students of higher education. It is hoped that this book will for the first time provide in one place information both scattered in diverse locations and gathered during the 1980s decade from field sources to enhaace the fund of knowledge possessed by scholars and students of higher education.It is hoped also that the baseline information produced by four studies of national and one of regional scope can and will be used by researchers in further exploration and theory construction. Practitioners will undoubtedly find the normative information about various operational facets of collegiate summer activities of comparative and suggestive interest.Some of the contents are based upon comprehensive studies of public and private research, doctoral granting, and comprehensive universities, public and private liberal arts colleges, and public two-year colleges with head count credit enrollments exceeding 1,500 students. The preparation of a book of this magnitude has involved the cooperation of many individuals and created a deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to each. The cooperation of hundreds of collegiate administrators, including deans, presidents, and those responsible for planning and implementing summer-time educational programs and activities, in providing informationis acknowledged.Collegiate authorities of specifically named universities who provided documentary information on request or who gave of their time for interviews deserve special thanks. Appreciation is expressed to members of the Executive Committees and Joint Committee on Research of the North American Association of Summer Sessions (NAASS) and the Western Association of Summer Session Administrators (WASSA) for their interest and provision of funds for conducting several of the studies. Funds were also provided by Phi Delta Kappa International and the College of Education, Washington State University. Without the formal endorsement and active support of the National University Continuing Education Association iii C: 11 (NUCEA), the high rate of participation in one of the national studies by collegiateadministrators of public and private institutions would not have been possible. Although it is risky to single out specific individuals for their contributions forfear of neglecting someone, special recognition is made of contributions by John R. Little,University of Colorado-Boulder, Director of Summer Sessions, retired, who provided a wealth ofinformation and critiqued Chapter 9. Elbert H. Himes, Utah State University, Directo- ofSummer Sessions, retired, also contributed materials utilized.James C. Quann, Registrar, Washington State University, critiqued the contents of Chapter 8 on the collegiate calendar and providedsubstantial suggestions.To Nancy Abraham, Associate Dean, Division of Summer Sessionsand Intercollegiate Programs, University of Wisconsin-Madison, go thanks forhistorical materials provided from the files. For his penetrating, insightful critique of the book inrough draft and suggestions, special gratitude and appreciation are expressed to Clarence A. Schoenfeld,Emeritus Dean of Summer Sessions and Inter-College Programs, University ofWisconsin, who also prepared the Foreword. For his patience and continued constructive criticism of all manuscriptmaterials, his assistance in locating funding sources, his conduct of the study on whichChapter 10 "Problems, Issues, and Trends" was based, and for the authorship of Chapter 11"Evaluation of Summer Term Programs and Activities, deep and sincere heartfelt gratitude and appreciation areexpressed to William i'. McDougall, Professor, Department of Counseling Psychology,College of Education and Director Washington State University Summer Session. Responsibilityfor the authorship and content of the remaining portions reside with RaymondJ. Young, Professor Emeritus, Department of Educational Administration and Supervision, College of Education,Washington State University.Special acknowledgment and appreciation are expressed to Ms. SandraTyacke, School of Architecture, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington,who word-processed the many versions of the developing manuscript.Finally, appreciation is expressed to Ms. Jean Chaput Welch, Office of Summer School, Simmons College,Boston, Massachusetts, who prepared the manuscript in its final format. iv FOREWORD Using their expertise as respected students and practitioners of the science and art of higher education administration, with this book Professors Young and McDougall accomplish what nobody has ever been able to do before--vault college and university summer session perspectives, practices, problems, and prospects onto the agenda of campus chief executive officers. With nice amalgam of quantitative precision and qualitative insight not always found in words of this genre, the authors make signal contributions to the regimen of educational research, to the nuts-and-bolts of summer term operations, and to explorations of the ever-developing philosophies that are the wonder and redemption of American higher education. Unraveling the strange case of the summer session is no small task. At the outset, Young and McDougall give the life to the hoary myth that each summer every American college and university "takes up the campus sidewalks," so to speak, not to revive until autumn. In point of fact, institutions of higher education are very lively places
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