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QRP Notes and Definitions Page 1 Philosophy Practice QRSS
QRP notes and definitions Page 1 QRP operation From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In amateur radio, QRP operation means transmitting at reduced power levels while aiming to maximize one's effective range while doing so. The term QRP derives from the standard Q code used in radio communications, where "QRP" and "QRP?" are used to request, "Reduce power", and ask "Should I reduce power?" respectively. The opposite of QRP is QRO, or high-power operation. Philosophy Most amateurs use approximately 100 watts on HF and 50 watts on VHF/UHF, but in some parts of the world, like the US, they can use up to 1500 watts. QRP enthusiasts contend that this is not always necessary, and doing so wastes power, increases the likelihood of causing interference to nearby televisions, radios, and telephones. A lot of Amateurs subscribe to the idea, use "the minimum power necessary to carry out the desired communications". The current record for a QRP connection is 1 µW for 1,650 miles on 10m. Practice There is not complete agreement on what constitutes QRP power. While most QRP enthusiasts agree that for CW, AM, FM, and data modes, the transmitter output power should be 5 watts (or less), the maximum output power for SSB (single sideband) is not always agreed upon. Some believe that the power should be no more than 10 watts peak envelope power (PEP), while others strongly hold that the power limit should be 5 watts. QRPers are known to use even less than five watts, sometimes operating with as little as 100 milliwatts or even less. -
Handbookhandbook Mobile-Satellite Service (MSS) Handbook
n International Telecommunication Union Mobile-satellite service (MSS) HandbookHandbook Mobile-satellite service (MSS) Handbook *00000* Edition 2002 Printed in Switzerland Geneva, 2002 ISBN 92-61-09951-3 Radiocommunication Bureau Edition 2002 THE RADIOCOMMUNICATION SECTOR OF ITU The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Inquiries about radiocommunication matters Please contact: ITU Radiocommunication Bureau Place des Nations CH -1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 730 5800 Fax: +41 22 730 5785 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.itu.int/itu-r Placing orders for ITU publications Please note that orders cannot be taken over the telephone. They should be sent by fax or e-mail. ITU Sales and Marketing Division Place des Nations CH -1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 730 6141 English Telephone: +41 22 730 6142 French Telephone: +41 22 730 6143 Spanish Fax: +41 22 730 5194 Telex: 421 000 uit ch Telegram: ITU GENEVE E-mail: [email protected] The Electronic Bookshop of ITU: www.itu.int/publications ITU 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. International Telecommunication Union HandbookHandbook Mobile-satellite service (MSS) Radiocommunication Bureau Edition 2002 - iii - FOREWORD In today’s world, people have become increasingly mobile in both their work and play. -
47 CFR §97 - Rules of the Amateur Radio Service
47 CFR §97 - Rules of the Amateur Radio Service (updated January, 2014) Subpart A—General Provisions §97.1 Basis and purpose. The rules and regulations in this part are designed to provide an amateur radio service having a fundamental purpose as expressed in the following principles: (a) Recognition and enhancement of the value of the amateur service to the public as a voluntary noncommercial communication service, particularly with respect to providing emergency communications. (b) Continuation and extension of the amateur's proven ability to contribute to the advancement of the radio art. (c) Encouragement and improvement of the amateur service through rules which provide for advancing skills in both the communication and technical phases of the art. (d) Expansion of the existing reservoir within the amateur radio service of trained operators, technicians, and electronics experts. (e) Continuation and extension of the amateur's unique ability to enhance international goodwill. §97.3 Definitions. (a) The definitions of terms used in part 97 are: (1) Amateur operator. A person named in an amateur operator/primary license station grant on the ULS consolidated licensee database to be the control operator of an amateur station. (2) Amateur radio services. The amateur service, the amateur-satellite service and the radio amateur civil emergency service. (4) Amateur service. A radiocommunication service for the purpose of self-training, intercommunication and technical investigations carried out by amateurs, that is, duly authorized persons interested in radio technique solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary interest. (5) Amateur station. A station in an amateur radio service consisting of the apparatus necessary for carrying on radiocommunications. -
The IARU and You
Howard E. Michel, WB2ITX, ARRL Chief Executive Officer, [email protected] Second Century The IARU and You April 18 is World Amateur Radio Day. The International Amateur Radio Union (IARU) has selected the observance’s theme for 2019: “Celebrating Amateur Radio’s Contribution to Society.” Some of you may ask, “What is the IARU, and why should I care?” The International Amateur Radio Union is a federation of ARRL and IARU have been preparing for this conference, national Amateur Radio associations, founded on April and to protect Amateur Radio spectrum. 18, 1925 in Paris with representatives from an initial 25 countries. ARRL is the International Secretariat for Because of this critically important service that IARU the IARU, and also represents the United States in provides, it has grown to include 160 member- the IARU. The International Telecommunication societies in three regions. These regions are orga- Union (ITU), which is the United Nations special- nized to roughly mirror the structure of the ITU and ized agency for information and communication its related regional telecommunications organiza- technologies (ICTs), has recognized the IARU as tions. IARU Region 1 includes Europe, Africa, the representing the worldwide interests of Amateur Radio. Middle East, and Northern Asia. Region 2 covers the Americas, and Region 3 comprises Australia, New The ITU has three main areas of activity called sectors: Zealand, the Pacific island nations, and most of Asia. radiocommunications, standardization, and development. Working through these sectors, ITU allocates global radio According to the IARU, there are about 3 million hams spectrum and satellite orbits, develops the technical stan- worldwide. -
The Results for You to Think About
Ottawa Amateur Radio Club MONTHLY CLUB MEETING APRIL 7, 2020 7:30PM 1 COVID-19 REMINDERS Wash your hands…don’t touch your face…shake feet not hands…sneeze or cough into your elbow or tissue… And most importantly (for whatever reason) …use toilet paper sparingly and stock up! 2 Agenda • Member Survey Results for How we can re-imagine the use of our Repeater during this current COVID-19 to bring value to our members • Proposed Discussion Topics •Proposed Schedule •Proposed Meeting Format 3 Topics Popularity Ranking Building antennas 10.48 Building accessories 9.9 Building radios 9.52 Computer supported modes like FT8, RTTY, PSK31 8.9 QRP operations 8.76 VHF Digital Modes - DMR, C4FM Fusion, and DSTAR 8.43 APRS 7.86 HF contesting 7.67 Fox Hunting 7.62 Satellite operations including EME (moon bounce) 7.19 VHF and up DXing 6.86 Slow Scan TV 4.67 LF or MF operations 3.95 Other 3.19 4 Knowledge and Experience Ranking 4- 1-NOVICE– 2-INTERMEDIATE–3-ADVANCED– EXPERT– TOTAL– WEIGHTED AVERAGE– Building accessories 2 11 6 2 21 2.38 Building antennas 3 11 6 1 21 2.24 Building radios 7 10 4 0 21 1.86 APRS 11 6 3 1 21 1.71 HF contesting 13 5 2 1 21 1.57 Computer supported modes like FT8, RTTY, PSK31 15 3 1 2 21 1.52 VHF Digital Modes - DMR, C4FM Fusion, & DSTAR 12 6 2 0 20 1.5 Fox hunting 12 8 1 0 21 1.48 QRP operations 15 4 2 0 21 1.38 Other: __________________________________ 12 3 1 0 16 1.31 VHF and up DXing 16 4 0 0 20 1.2 Slow Scan TV 17 3 0 0 20 1.15 Satellite operations, EME (Moon Bounce) 18 3 0 0 21 1.14 LF or MF operations 19 0 1 0 20 1.1 5 What I like most about creating more opportunities to discuss focused topics during NETs • lively and imaginative discussions. -
Galapagos Islands This Dxpedition Managed to Make a Sizable Donation Toward the Preservation of This Precious Ecosystem
HD8M DXpedition to the Galapagos Islands This DXpedition managed to make a sizable donation toward the preservation of this precious ecosystem. Here’s how they did it. Jim Millner, WB2REM travelers. Ham radio was the glue that bound us The Galapagos Islands are located on the equator off together, and the adventure is what excited us. the coast of Ecuador and consist of 17 larger islands, and hundreds of smaller islets and rocks. The HD8M Isabela team visited two of the islands — Santa Cruz and The HD8M team traveled to Isabela Island in 2017. Isabela. The archipelago was formed by under water Isabela is the largest of the Galapagos Islands. It is volcanic activity three to five million years ago. In easily reachable by small twin-engine prop planes, geological terms, these islands are considered rela- which fly daily from Baltra Island Airport. It is also pos- tively new. sible to get to most major islands by ferry. In 1835, Charles Darwin was one of the first naturalists Isabela Island was chosen because of its beautiful vol- to observe the unique nature of the Galapagos wildlife. canoes, abundance of wildlife, and limited develop- The animals are not afraid of humans because they evolved in isolation from them or other large predators, so had no reason to fear them. After a couple of the tortoise species were hunted to near extinction, 97% of the land and surrounding water was designated a national park to protect the Galapagos wildlife and flora. The group of amateur radio operators that participated in the HD8M 2017 and 2019 DXpeditions traveled to the Galapagos for different rea- sons. -
Amateur Radio Satellites 101 an Introduction to the AMSAT “Easy Sats”
Amateur Radio Satellites 101 An introduction to the AMSAT “Easy Sats” Presented to the: Fayette County Amateur Radio Club Presented by: Joe Domaleski, KI4ASK AMSAT #41409 Date: November 21, 2019 Revision 2 [email protected] 1 The real title of this presentation How to have a QSO on a repeater that is 4 inches square, traveling 17,000 MPH 600 miles away, in outer space, with a handheld radio, running 5 watts. 2 Agenda • Why satellites? • Where are the satellites located? • What is a “hamsat”? • What are the Easy Sats? • What’s inside a hamsat? • An example pass of AO-91 • Emergency traffic via AO-92 • Basic equipment I use • An example pass of AO-92 • Here’s how to make your 1st QSO • Where the “cool kids” hang out • Some memorable QSO’s Stone Mountain Hamfest 2019 • Other satellite topics with Daryl Young, K4RGK President of NFARL & • Some general tips AMSAT Ambassador • Suggested resources 3 Why satellites? • Easy to get started • Only need a Technician license • Doesn’t require expensive gear • DX when HF conditions are poor • Science involved in tracking • Camaraderie of AMSAT community • Skill involved in making contact • Fun for kids of all ages • Adds another skill to your toolkit • Like “foxhunting” in the sky • The passes are short • The wonderment of it all • Because I couldn’t be an astronaut • It’s a lot of fun! Example QSO with K5DCC https://www.facebook.com/dennyj/videos/10157742522839570/ 4 Where are the satellites located? The Easy Sats are in LEO – 300-600 miles up Source: Steve Green (KS1G) & Paul Stoetzer (N8HM) 5 What -
Federal Communications Commission April 27, 2019 445 F St. NW Washington, DC 20022 Subject: Reply Comments in RM-11831 Dear
Prof. Theodore (Ted) S. Rappaport, Ph.D, PE David Lee/Ernst Weber Professor of Electrical & Computer Engineering NYU WIRELESS Tandon School of Engineering New York University 9th Floor, 2 Metrotech Center Brooklyn, NY 11201 www.NYUWIRELESS.org Ph: 646 997 3403 [email protected] Federal Communications Commission April 27, 2019 445 F St. NW Washington, DC 20022 Subject: Reply Comments in RM-11831 Dear FCC and ARRL Officials: In my role as a wireless communications engineer and expert, a former Federal Communications Commission Technological Advisory Council member, a friend to the amateur radio community, a licensed amateur radio operator (N9NB), a Professional Engineer in Virginia and Texas, and a life member of the American Radio Relay League (ARRL), I file this reply regarding RM-11831 to reinforce why the FCC must urgently adopt this proposal in principle, in order to ensure data transparency in amateur radio and to eliminate the use of private email and secret file transfers that are currently being transmitted in the amateur radio spectrum. I. Introduction RM-11831 cures ongoing deficiencies that the ARRL and FCC have ignored since the late 1990s. Adoption of RM-11831 would remove existing rule ambiguities to ensure that all data transmissions in amateur radio have a readily available decoder for public use and eavesdropping, so that the public and other amateur operators can “read the mail” and learn about the hobby while intercepting any data signal for meaning over the air. As shown here in my reply to comments, RM-11831 would vastly improve the effectiveness of ACDS transmissions in emergency situations by making all data “open” for others to hear and react to, as required in 13-1918. -
Amateur Satellite Frequency Coordination Request1
Amateur Satellite Frequency Coordination Request — Page 1 AMATEUR SATELLITE FREQUENCY COORDINATION REQUEST1 1. Amateur-satellite service. Amateur stations meet the requirements of the radio regulations2, RR 1.56. and 1.57. RR 1.56 amateur service: A radiocommunication service for the purpose of self- training, intercommunication and technical investigations carried out by amateurs, that is, by duly authorized [licensed] persons [individual natural people] interested in radio technique solely with a personal aim [for themselves] and without pecuniary interest [compensation]. (NOTE: Explanatory terms in brackets are not part of the treaty text.) RR 1.57 amateur-satellite service: A radiocommunication service using space stations on earth satellites for the same purposes as those of the amateur service. Before asking for help from IARU with frequency coordination in the amateur-satellite service, make sure that your proposed operation meets the treaty requirements. NOTE: “Without pecuniary interest” means that you may accept free will donations of goods and services, that is, with nothing required in return. You may not sell services or data to anyone for any reason. Ultimately, the decision of whether the proposed operation is appropriate for the amateur- satellite service rests with your country’s administration (your national telecommunication regulator). Therefore, before sending your frequency coordination request to IARU, we suggest that you consult with your administration to determine whether the amateur-satellite service or another radiocommunication service is appropriate for your operation. 2. Self coordination. For over 100 years, amateur radio operators have maintained an effective tradition of self-regulation. Amateurs are expected to coordinate their use of frequencies. -
The Am Broadcast Band
THE AM BROADCAST BAND While crystal sets are designed, built, and used for the AM broadcast band and shortwave bands, the vast majority of hobbyists in the US focus their activities on the AM band, defined by the FCC to span from 530 through 1,700 kHz. As of January 1, 2008, there were roughly 4,793 AM stations active on the band, and this number of stations hasn’t changed much over the last ten years. Power output assigned by license to these stations varies, from as little as 250 watts to a maximum of 50,000 watts. Format, i.e. the content broadcast by each station, varies. As noted in Figure 1, the concentration of AM stations assigned at each increment of 10 kHz in frequency varies across the band, numbering 25 at 540 kHz, averaging about 30 from 550 through 1200 kHz and about 65 from 1210 through 1600 kHz. Just a smattering of stations occupy segments from 1600-1700 kHz. Figure 2 displays the concentration per frequency for the 50 Kilowatt stations that operate day and night. These stations - often called clear-channel stations – can cover a wide area at night as their radio signals reflect off the ionosphere. During the day, local stations are those most often heard, as long-distant reflections off the ionosphere are reduced. Clearly, we can use these facts to improve our listening and logging activities. During the day is the best time to receive or log those stations that are within a given radius of our location. At night the clear-channel stations will dominate and we’ll tend to hear those whose antenna pattern (direction of transmission) and reflection pattern (for that day) off the ionosphere is aimed at our location. -
U.S. International Broadcasting Informing, Engaging and Empowering
2010 Annual Report U.S. International Broadcasting Informing, Engaging and Empowering bbg.gov BBG languages Table of Contents GLOBAL EASTERN/ English CENTRAL Letter From the Broadcasting Board of Governors 5 (including EUROPE Learning Albanian English) Bosnian Croatian AFRICA Greek Afan Oromo Macedonian Amharic Montenegrin French Romanian Hausa to Moldova Kinyarwanda Serbian Kirundi Overview 6 Voice of America 14 Ndebele EURASIA Portuguese Armenian Shona Avar Somali Azerbaijani Swahili Bashkir Tigrigna Belarusian Chechen CENTRAL ASIA Circassian Kazakh Crimean Tatar Kyrgyz Georgian Tajik Russian Turkmen Tatar Radio Free Europe Radio and TV Martí 24 Uzbek Ukrainian 20 EAST ASIA LATIN AMERICA Burmese Creole Cantonese Spanish Indonesian Khmer NEAR EAST/ Korean NORTH AFRICA Lao Arabic Mandarin Kurdish Thai Turkish Tibetan Middle East Radio Free Asia Uyghur 28 Broadcasting Networks 32 Vietnamese SOUTH ASIA Bangla Dari Pashto Persian Urdu International Broadcasting Board On cover: An Indonesian woman checks Broadcasting Bureau 36 Of Governors 40 her laptop after an afternoon prayer (AP Photo/Irwin Fedriansyah). Financial Highlights 43 2 Letter From the Broadcasting Board of Governors 5 Voice of America 14 “This radio will help me pay closer attention to what’s going on in Kabul,” said one elder at a refugee camp. “All of us will now be able to raise our voices more and participate in national decisions like elections.” RFE’s Radio Azadi distributed 20,000 solar-powered, hand-cranked radios throughout Afghanistan. 3 In 2010, Alhurra and Radio Sawa provided Egyptians with comprehensive coverage of the Egyptian election and the resulting protests. “Alhurra was the best in exposing the (falsification of the) Egyptian parliamentary election.” –Egyptian newspaper Alwafd (AP Photo/Ahmed Ali) 4 Letter from the Board TO THE PRESIDENT AND THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES On behalf of the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG) and pursuant to Section 305(a) of Public Law 103-236, the U.S. -
GAO-03-772 US International Broadcasting
United States General Accounting Office Report to the Committee on International GAO Relations, House of Representatives July 2003 U.S. INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING New Strategic Approach Focuses on Reaching Large Audiences but Lacks Measurable Program Objectives a GAO-03-772 July 2003 U.S. INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING New Strategic Approach Focuses on Highlights of GAO-03-772, a report to the Reaching Large Audiences but Lacks Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives Measurable Program Objectives Prompted by a desire to reverse Consistent with its new plan to dramatically increase the size of U.S. declining audience trends and to international broadcasting listening and viewing audiences in markets of support the war on terrorism, the U.S. strategic interest, the Broadcasting Board of Governors has launched Broadcasting Board of Governors several new projects, including Radio Sawa in the Middle East, Radio Farda (BBG), the agency responsible for in Iran, and the Afghanistan Radio Network. These projects adhere to the U.S. international broadcasting, Board’s core strategy of identifying a target audience and tailoring each began developing its new strategic approach to international broadcast product to market circumstances and audience needs. broadcasting in July 2001. This approach emphasizes the need to The Board’s plan lacks measurable program objectives designed to gauge the reach mass audiences by applying success of its new approach to broadcasting, detailed implementation modern broadcast techniques and strategies, resource needs, and project time frames. A number of key strategically allocating resources to effectiveness measures could provide a starting point for developing focus on high-priority markets. measurable program objectives and related performance goals and GAO was asked to examine (1) indicators under the Board’s annual performance plan.