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Beekeeping in Tennessee

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Beekeeping in Tennessee PB 1745 Beekeeping in Tennessee 1 Beekeeping in Tennessee Authors: John A. Skinner Professor and UT Extension Apiculture Specialist The University of Tennessee Michael Wilson and Geoffrey Duesterbeck UT Extension Assistants The University of Tennessee Paul Rhoades Senior Lab Technician The University of Tennessee James P. Parkman Adjunct Assistant Professor and IPM Coordinator The University of Tennessee Michael D. Studer Apiarist Tennessee Department of Agriculture Harry E. Williams Professor Emeritus (Deceased) The University of Tennessee Dedication: Mr. Harry E. Williams The authors dedicate this publication in fondest memory of professor Harry Williams, who retired from the university in 1995 after serving as entomologist and apiculturist for 30 years. Harry received a bachelor’s degree in biology from Middle Tennessee State University, followed by a master’s degree in entomology from the University of Tennessee. He acquired much of his extensive training in entomology while doing the job he loved. Harry’s training in beekeeping began one day when he was informed that he was the new apiculturist. After determining what that word meant, he studied hard and learned from knowledgeable beekeepers including Leslie Little, Charles Pless, Carl Johanson, Roger Morse and many others. The most important attribute of Harry Williams was not based on academic pursuits including publications, knowledge or experience. His main attribute was that he simply cared deeply about people and helped them in every way he could. He assisted numerous beekeepers in Tennessee and throughout the Southeast to better understand how to care for their bees, from the beginner to the experienced person. Harry would appreciate this gesture and we are pleased to dedicate this publication in his memory. Acknowledgements: Aurora Canaday for two photographs in Basic Anatomy: bee ingesting honey and three bees with pollen. Laura Bryant for line drawing of ideal apiary. Ken Lorenzen and Robin Thorp for several bee anatomy photographs. To many Tennessee beekeepers who improved our knowledge, encouraged our efforts and were patient with the long time required to bring this publication to completion. 2 Table of Contents Getting Started in Beekeeping ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Why Beekeeping? .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Is Beekeeping for You? ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 What Is Beekeeping All About? ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Many Sources of Beekeeping Information Are Available ............................................................................................................................................. 5 Beekeeping Literature ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Beekeeping Information on the Web ............................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Beekeeping Organizations .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Tennessee Beekeeping Associations .............................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Educational Courses ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 University of Tennessee Master Beekeeper Program ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 Program Availability ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Finding a Beekeeping Mentor ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Beginning Beekeeping Basics......................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Honeybee Stings .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8 Beekeeping Regulations in Tennessee........................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Locating an Apiary ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Essential elements of an ideal apiary ............................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Bee Biology and Behavior ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Basic Anatomy ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9 The Honeybee Colony ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 The Queen Bee ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Bee Development .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 The Drone Bee ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11 The Worker Bee ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 The Colony as a Super-Organism ............................................................................................................................................................................ 13 Pheromones ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 13 Races of Bees ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13 The Italian Honeybee .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 The Carniolan Honeybee .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 14 The Caucasian Honeybee ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 15 Italian Cordovan Honeybees ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Breeding Lines or Strains .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 15 Colony Performance Standards .................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Beekeeping
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