Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of -- Project Description District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

INTRODUCTION

National Highways Authority of (NHAI) has been entrusted to implement, maintenance, management and development of stretches of NH under NHDP on BOT Mode /EPC mode. The main objective of the consultancy service is to establish the technical, economical, and financial viability of the project and prepare detailed project reports for rehabilitation and upgrading of the existing road to 2-lane to 4-lane configuration with provision of capacity augmentation.

PROJECT AREA LOCATION

The entire project road runs through 8 districts of Maharashtra state. The 480 km. road connects the districts of , , Osmanabad, , , Nanded, Yavatmal and Wardha. Further, the entire stretch is divided into three section, viz. Section-I, Section-II and Section-III. The section-I of the project highways starts at Wardha (Km. 85.500) runs across the district of Yavatmal and ends at Waranga (Km 611.200) near border. The section-II of the MSH-3 starts at Tuljapur (Km. 416.000) in and ends at Ausa (Km. 470.000) in . The section-III of the project road starts near Sangli at Km. 182.195 and ends at Km. 370.000.

This existing state highways have single carriageway of 7.0 m width and earthen shoulder of 1.0-1.5 width on either side. The road passes mostly through plain areas and plain/ rolling terrain areas.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ROAD

The package-I passes through Hingoli, Nanded and & it starts at Waranga town at Km. 611.200 near the T-Junction of MSH-3 and NH-211 and ends at Mahagoan village at Km. 228.840. The 64 km long stretch is entirely characterized by 2 lane single carriageway with earthen shoulders except at the existing Toll Plaza at Km. 269.000 (Hadgoan) where the road is widened into 4 lanes. The package-II passes through Yavatmal district & it starts at Mahagaon village at Km. 228.840 near the T-Junction of MSH-3 and ends at Yavatmal village at Km. 150.000. The 78.84 km long stretch is entirely characterized by 2 lane single carriageway with earthen shoulders. The package-III passes through Yavatmal and Wardha districts & it starts at Yavatmal town at Km. 150.000 and ends at Wardha town at Km. 85.500. The 64.50 km long stretch is entirely characterized by 2 lane single carriageway.

1 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra

Table 1: The Length-wise Distribution of the Project Road

Sl. Section From To Existing Design Length No. Chainage Chainage (km) 1 Package-I Waranga Mahagoan Km. 611.920 to Km. 253.700 66.88 Km. 228.840 to Km. 320.580

2 Package- Mahagaon Yavatmal Km. 228.840 to Km. 320.580 79.995 II Km. 150.000 to Km. 400.575

3 Package- Yavatmal Wardha Km. 150.000 to Km. 400.575 64.925 III Km. 85.500 to Km. 465.500

SCOPE OF SERVICES

As far as possible, the widening/improvement work to 4 lane, for locations having inadequate width and where provisions of short bypasses, service roads, alignment corrections, improvement of intersections have been considered necessary and practicable and cost effective. However, bypasses proposals is considered, wherever in urban areas improvement to two lanes of the existing road is not possible.

While finalizing the road alignment efforts have been made by adopting appropriate engineering designs, to minimize resettlement impacts. To minimize displacement and to reduce disruption of livelihoods, concentric widening in village sections, bypasses to avoid settlement have been proposed. Public consultations and field visits helped in getting better planning and designing inputs towards minimizing negative social impacts.

Table 2: Salient Features of the Proposed Project Road

Sl. No. Particulars Package-I Package-II Package-III 1 Total Road Length 66.88 79.995 64.925 (in km.) 2 Total Revenue Villages 25 28 26 (Number) 3 Total Volume of land to be 268.5 308.48 247.97 required for the proposed Project (in Ha.) 4 Total land required for 39 0 32.4 Proposed Bypasses (in Ha.) 5 Total land required for 42.6 74.4 14.1 Realignments (in Ha.) 6 Govt. land to be 0 0 0 transferred 2 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra Sl. No. Particulars Package-I Package-II Package-III (in Ha.) 7 Private land to be acquired 262.56 298.48 243.11 (in Ha.) 8 Forest land to be acquired 5.94 10 4.86 (in Ha.)

Location Map of the Project Stretch

EXISTING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ROAD

The project road in general passes through plain terrain. A total number of 25 villages/habitations/locations spread over in two project affected districts are located on either side of the project road. The list of the villages/ habitations/ towns along the project stretch is given in following Table 3.

A number of habitation is found on both left and right side of the road. It is also noticed that the local traffic intensity throughout the corridor is very high. A number of shops, hotels and houses are situated within the ROW.

3 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra Table 3 – Existing Villages Across Project Road

Sl.No Village Name From (Km) To (Km)

Waranga -Mahagaon(Package -I)

1 Waranga 253.000 256.300

2 Kurtadi 256.300 257.900

3 Chunchua 257.900 260.900

4 Manatha 260.900 262.250

5 Sibdara 262.250 264.800

6 Chinchaghawan 264.800 266.100

7 Bamni 266.100 268.250

8 Baradsewala 268.250 270.750

9 Palse 270.750 275.250

10 Ambala 275.250 279.150

11 Koutha 279.150 280.990

12 280.990 284.420

13 Gojegaon 284.420 285.770

14 Wakoda 284.420 286.010

15 Marlegaon 286.010 289.400

16 Umerkehd 289.400 297.750

17 Nageshwadi 297.750 299.100

18 Sukli 299.100 300.100

19 Amanpur 300.100 301.730

20 Chilli 301.730 305.300

21 Nandgaon 305.300 308.100

22 Bijora 308.100 310.700

23 Mudana 310.700 316.100

24 Mahagaon 316.100 319.200

25 Kalgaon 319.200 321.250

Mahagaon – Yavatmal (Package-II)

4 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra

Sl.No Village Name From (Km) To (Km)

1 Mahagaon 320.580 321.250

2 Amboda 321.250 325.100

3 Khadka 325.500 328.150

4 Wagnath 325.100 325.500

5 Kaurwadi 328.150 329.650

6 Hiwra sangam 329.650 333.150

7 Dhanoda 333.150 337.750

8 Dahiswali 338.150 338.750

9 Pohandul 337.500 339.100

10 Bhosa 339.150 342.000

11 Kosdhani 342.000 345.750

12 Lonbhel 345.750 350.900

13 Sukali 350.900 355.250

14 Deurwadi 355.250 357.500

15 Kolwan 357.500 358.400

16 Arni 358.400 365.950

17 Jawla 365.950 373.100

18 Tharoda 373.500 376.000

19 Mangrul 376.000 378.300

20 Bhamb 379.500 383.000

21 Kharole 383.000 384.100

22 Hivri 384.100 388.650

23 Shiwandari 388.650 391.000

24 Manpur 391.000 391.500

25 Mahsola 391.500 393.450

26 Arjuna 393.450 396.100

27 Kinhi 396.100 399.700

28 Wadegaon 399.700 400.575

5 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra

Sl.No Village Name From (Km) To (Km)

Yavatmal – Wardha (Package-III)

1 Wadegoan 400.575 403.450

2 Gondahanijara 403.450 406.700

3 Bhosa 406.700 409.900

4 Dolumbe 409.900 412.200

5 Bharijara 412.200 415.500

6 Madkona 415.500 418.450

7 Belona 418.450 421.600

8 Chaparadha 421.600 423.600

9 Ghorthi 423.600 425.800

10 Kalamb 425.800 432.850

11 Kamatwada 432.850 434.700

12 Kuthala 434.700 436.500

13 Mankapur 436.500 438.000

14 Galamgaon 438.000 439.700

15 Sirpur 439.700 441.600

16 Husnapur 441.600 443.400

17 Kajalsara 443.400 443.500

18 Bhidi 443.500 448.000

19 Ratnapur 448.000 451.800

20 Wai 451.800 453.100

21 Isapur 453.100 455.250

22 Deoli 455.250 459.800

23 Selsura 459.800 463.200

24 Meghapur 463.200 463.400

25 Balapur 463.400 464.450

26 Salod 464.450 465.500

6 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra WIDENING OF THE ROAD

As per IRC: SP- 84-2014 the ROW for constructing 4- lane national highways shall normally be 60 m but in forest area RoW is restricted to 45m. Based on the above observation a viable alignment options from social, environmentally and engineering point of view has been proposed for the project road widening. This alignment proposal has been worked out with coordination and inputs from all professionals keeping in view the cost and benefit of the project and for providing a possible durable solution for the larger goal.

The choice of widening option depends to large extent on site constraint and construction methodology. It has been endeavor of consultant to propose widening option keeping in view the following key factors:

1. Minimum impact on residential and commercial property abutting the corridor;

2. Land use and availability of land;

3. Optimum utilization of existing pavement and ROW at location of curve improvement;

4. Minimum impact on the environment.

5. Minimizing interference with religious structures such as Temples, Mosques, Grave Yards

6. Minimizing interference with historical monuments and

7. Least disturbance to traffic during construction

PROPOSED BYPASSES/ALTERNATIVE ALIGNMENTS

Bypasses have been proposed to avoid the impact on involuntary resettlement along the congested settlements. The project road passes through some congested locations and built-up areas which may require further study of alternative alignment/Bypasses.

Table 4: Proposed Bypass Locations

Sl. No Bypass From (Km) To (Km) Section Length Location (in km.)

1 292.130 297.280 Package-I 5.15

2 Mahagaon 318.730 318.860 Package-I 0.13

3 Kalamb 427.880 430.610 Package-III 2.73

4 Deoli 456.400 459.180 Package-III 2.78

7 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra PROPOSED REALIGNMENT For straightening the curves, avoid the large demolition of the structures and required geometric correction the realignments are proposed.

Table 5: Proposed Realignment

Design Chainage (Km) Sl No Realignment (Km) From To Waranga – Mahagaon (Package - I) 1 253.810 255.500 1.690 2 258.510 259.120 0.610 3 262.150 262.350 0.200 4 268.520 268.730 0.210 5 270.190 270.390 0.200 6 273.230 273.820 0.590 7 278.430 278.670 0.240 8 279.310 279.580 0.270 9 280.980 281.460 0.480 10 288.700 289.520 0.820 11 297.680 299.140 1.460 12 301.280 301.640 0.36 13 302.200 303.690 1.490 14 303.810 303.900 0.09 15 304.800 305.190 0.390 16 305.300 305.750 0.450 17 306.000 306.590 0.590 18 307.180 307.550 0.370 19 307.750 308.020 0.270 20 308.150 308.410 0.260 21 308.650 308.860 0.210 22 313.890 314.070 0.180 23 316.610 317.000 0.390 Total Length (km) 11.82 Mahagaon – Yavatmal (Package II) 1 326.360 326.930 570 2 329.460 329.970 510 3 330.150 331.950 1800 4 332.060 332.250 190 5 334.100 334.430 330 6 337.220 337.390 170 8 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra Design Chainage (Km) Sl No Realignment (Km) From To 7 341.250 341.520 270 8 341.870 342.020 150 9 343.530 344.540 1010 10 345.730 346.010 280 11 346.730 346.970 240 12 347.420 347.580 160 13 354.460 354.710 250 14 359.160 360.660 1500 15 360.810 361.100 290 16 361.540 361.810 270 17 362.360 362.740 380 18 363.000 363.520 520 19 369.250 371.580 2330 20 376.110 378.060 1950 21 378.830 379.000 170 22 379.240 379.700 460 23 379.810 380.200 390 24 381.050 381.500 450 25 385.390 386.970 1580 26 387.090 387.340 250 27 387.610 387.820 210 28 388.350 389.360 1010 29 389.560 390.070 510 30 390.320 390.940 620 31 391.250 392.300 1050 32 393.350 393.740 390 33 395.080 395.760 680 34 395.900 396.270 370 Total Length (km) 21.31 Yavatmal – Wardha (Package-III) 1 400.710 400.830 120 2 401.820 402.030 210 3 406.990 407.770 780 4 410.470 410.930 460 5 415.860 417.170 1310

9 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra Design Chainage (Km) Sl No Realignment (Km) From To 6 419.260 419.500 240 7 421.540 421.770 230 8 423.940 424.590 650 9 433.750 434.300 550 10 438.420 438.630 210 11 439.210 439.480 270 12 444.740 445.180 440 13 462.550 462.820 270 Total Length (km) 5.74

EXISTING RIGHT OF WAY AND ENCROACHMENTS

As per the information obtained from PWD, the Right of Way (ROW) all along the project corridor varies from 20-30 meter. But when it comes to the revenue maps obtained from the local Taluk or Village Panchayats a variation is seen with in the Right of Way.

During the census survey it was noticed that about 25 villages fall in all sections will have impacts by the widening of the road. Most of the road sided land in built-up location is occupied by both encroachers and squatters.

It is general tendency that the road side land, particularly government land is used for commercial and residential purposes. It may be driven by reason of landlessness, poverty or may be the sheer attraction of business opportunity. Also, the practice of using government land for socio-cultural and religious purposes is quite evident in the project road.

RELIGIOUS STRUCTURES ALONG THE PROJECT STRETCH

During census survey 16 religious structures adjacent to the project road were identified. There are 12 religious structures along the existing RoW will get affected completely while widening the carriageway. With utmost care and innovative engineering techniques we protect some prominent religious structures from demolition. Most of the religious structures have been observed within a distance of 5-10 m from the edge of the shoulder.

SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE OF PROJECT INFLUENCED DISTRICTS

Introduction

The district through which the project road passes are considered to be the primary project influence area. The Maharashtra State Highways facilitate most important traffic

10 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra movement for the various important towns of the state. Therefore, the influence area of the project corridor, for the purpose of socio economic study is considered with prime importance. The primary purpose of Socio-economic analysis is to provide an overview of the State’s socioeconomic setup and the relative status of the Project influence area within the state. Data to be considered include demographic aspects, macro economic indicators and sectoral production of agriculture and allied activities, manufacturing, mining and service sectors including infrastructure. The profile provides the present scenario, the past performance and the prospective growth of the economy, population and urbanization. The profile depicts the spatial distribution of economic activities and provides basic inputs for estimating future growth in Transport demand, on the basis of prospective economic growth rates and transport demand elasticity. Secondary data available with different state government departments have been collected and analyzed for preparation of socio- economic profile.

MAHARASHTRA STATE AT A GLANCE

General Feature

The project stretch passes through the state of Maharashtra, which is the western state of Indian Peninsula. Maharashtra is the second largest state in the country both in terms of population and geographical area. The state covers an area of 307,731 square kilometers i.e., 9.84 percent of total geographical area of India. The state has a population of around 112,372,972 according to 2011 census which accounts for 9.3 percent of the total population of the nation. The Maharashtra state has 35 districts which are divided into six revenue divisions viz. , , , , and for administrative purposes. It has a long tradition of having very powerful bodies for planning at the district and local level. For local self-governance in rural areas, there are 33 Zilla Parishads, 351 panchayat samitis and 27,906 Gram Panchayats. The urban areas are governed through 23 Municipal Corporations, 221 Municipal Councils, 5 Nagar Panchayats and 7 Cantonment Boards.

During the decade 2001-2011, the population of the state increased by 16 per cent. This is the lowest rate of growth after 1941. The corresponding growth during the earlier decade was 22.7 per cent. The decadal growth at the National level during 2001-2011 is 17.6. , Pune and Suburban districts contribute 9.8, 8.4 and 8.3 per cent respectively to the State population. Higher decadal growth rate is observed in Thane (35.9 per cent) followed by Pune (30.3 per cent) and negative growth rates are observed in three districts viz. Mumbai city, and Sindhudurg with (-)5.8, (-)5.0 and (-)2.3 per cent respectively

11 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra The decadal growth rate of population between 2001-2011 was pegged at 15.99. The Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population constitute 10.2 per cent and 8.8 per cent, respectively. The Sex ratio, i.e. number of females per 1000 males, for the State is 925 as compared to 940 at India level.

Census 2011 revealed that sex ratio of the state has slightly increased from 922 in 2001 to 925 in 2011, whereas, at the National level, the same was 933 in 2001 which increased to 940 in 2011 and the state stands at 22nd position in India.

Progress on Human Development Index is often depicted as a benchmark of a state’s progress of key development indicators. As per India Human Development Report, 2011 Human Development Index of India is 0.467 and State ranks 5th in the country with Human Development Index of 0.572. Table 6 presents the demographic profile of Maharashtra state.

As per Census 2011, the population density (persons per sq.km.) in the state is 365 which is lower than that of India (382). Mumbai Suburban and Mumbai city districts top in population density with 20,925 and 20,038 respectively. In Thane the population density is 1,157 persons, whereas, Pune (603) and (504) are the other districts with density more than 500. has lowest population density (74) followed by Sindhudurg (163), (192) and Ratnagiri (196).

Table 6: Demographic Profile of Maharashtra State

DESCRIPTION Demographic Profile Total Rural Urban Total Population 112,372,972 61,545,441 50,827,531 Total Population (%) 100 54.77 45.23 Total Population (Male) 58,361,397 31,593,580 26,767,817 Total Population (Female) 54,011,575 29,951,861 24,059,714 Population Growth (%) 15.99 10.34 23.67 Sex Ratio 925 948 899 Child Population (0-6 Years)- 12,848,375 7,445,853 5,402,522 Total Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Years) 883 880 888 Total Literacy Rate (%) 82.91 77.09 89.84 Literacy Rate (%)- Male 89.82 86.39 93.79 Literacy Rate (%)- Female 75.48 67.38 85.44 Literate (Total) 82,512,225 41,703,097 40,809,128 Source: Census Record 2011

12 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra Literacy

The state has registered impressive growth in literacy among major states in India. The literacy rate of the population aged seven years and above increased from 76.9 per cent in 2001 to 82.9 per cent in 2011. At the national level, these rates are 64.8 and 74.0 per cent respectively. Despite this, the state stands at 12th position according to census 2011 as against 10th position in 2001 in India.

Economy Profile of Maharashtra state

Favourable economic policies in the 1970s led to Maharashtra becoming India's leading industrial state in the last quarter of 20th century. Over 41% of the S&P CNX 500 conglomerates have corporate offices in Maharashtra.

Maharashtra is the wealthiest state in India, contributing 15% of the country's industrial output and over 40% of national revenue with 13.3% of India's GDP (2006-2007 figures). Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra and the financial capital of India, houses the headquarters of almost all major financial institutions, insurance companies and mutual funds. India's main stock exchanges & capital market and commodity exchanges are located in Mumbai. Almost 46% of the GSDP is contributed by industry.

The State Income i. e. Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) at current prices, as per the preliminary estimates, is Rs. 9,82,452 crore in 2010-11, higher by 24.7 per cent over the previous year. Per capita state income at current prices is estimated at Rs. 87,686 in the year 2010-11, as against Rs.71,300 during 2009-10.

Average Consumer Price Index (CPI) in the State for the period April, 2011 to January,2012 for rural and urban areas increased by 9.4 per cent and 7.9 per cent respectively over the corresponding period of the previous year.

Inflation rate based on All-India Wholesale Price Index (WPI) for January, 2012 was 6.6 per cent as against 9.5 per cent for January, 2011. ‘Food’ inflation for January, 2012 was (-) 0.5 per cent, as against 16.7 per cent for January, 2011. Year-on-year inflation based on WPI declined from 9.7 per cent in April, 2011 to 6.6 per cent in January, 2012.

Thirteenth Finance Commission has recommended grants-in-aid for specific purposes. Amount likely to be received during 2011-12 is Rs. 2,876 crore which includes basic grants of Rs. 937 crore and performance grants of Rs. 320 crore for local self governments.

According to preliminary estimates by Directorate of Economics and Statistics,

13 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra Maharashtra,2011-12, for 2010-11 at constant (2004-05) prices, the GSDP is estimated at Rs.7,41,694 crore, as against Rs. 6,66,123 crore in 2009-10 with a robust growth of 11.3 per cent. The booming harvest in both kharif and rabi helped agriculture sector to grow by 18.8 per cent. The increase in food grain production is 22.5 per cent, oilseed production is 79.3 per cent, production is 46.2 per cent and sugarcane production is 33.6 per cent in 2010-11. The growth in Agriculture and allied activity sector is 15.6 per cent as against marginal growth of 0.8 per cent during the previous year. Manufacturing sector continued its momentum with growth of 8.3 per cent, ‘Electricity, Gas & Water Supply’ with growth of 10.0 per cent and flourishing construction sector with the growth of 18.8 per cent helped Industry sector to grow by 10.8 per cent. ‘Trade, Hotel & Restaurant’ of Services sector, largely depending on agriculture and manufacturing production, grew by 10.9 per cent. The highest growth of 31.9 per cent is recorded by ‘Communication’ sector, but due to very little share of about 2.0 per cent in the GSDP, it contributes very little to the growth of GSDP. ‘Banking & Insurance’ sector with growth of 13.0 per cent and ‘Business services’ with growth of 9.6 per cent, along with above two subsectors helped Services sector to record growth of 11.0 per cent. The GSDP has been growing at a rapid pace over the last few years. Presently industrial and services sector both together contribute about 87 per cent of the State's domestic product. The agriculture & allied activities sector contributes 13 per cent to the state's income and 55 per cent of the total population is dependent on it.

The Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) at current prices for 2012 is estimated at $224.12 billion and contributes about 17 percent of the GDP.

The per capita National Income at current prices (base year 1999-2000) is estimated at $1,660 far ahead of national average of $ 1,219 in 2010. The per capita State Income is higher than the percapita National Income and the State maintained second rank after . Maharashtra's GDP Per Capita crossed the US $ 2,000 threshold for the first time in 2011 making it one of the richest states in India.

In 2012, Maharashtra reported a revenue surplus of Rs. 152.49 crore, with a total revenue of Rs. 136,711.70 crore (US$ 24.88 billion) and a spending of Rs. 136,559.21 crore (US$ 24.85 billion).

The state has 226.1 lakh hectares of land under cultivation and area under forest is 52.1 lakh hectares. Number of irrigation projects are being implemented to improve irrigation. A watershed mission has been launched to ensure soil and water conservation measures are implemented speedily in the unirrigated area.

14 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra The poverty estimate provided by the planning commission of India, reveal that the poverty ratio in the state during 2004-05 is 30.7 per cent as against All-India average of 27.5 per cent Though the results at various points of time show decline in poverty ratios, the number of persons living below poverty line is gradually increasing since 1973-74 and increased by 12.2 lakh persons in 2004-05 as compared to 1993-94. The detail socio-economic indicators of Maharashtra state is presented in Table 7.

Table 7: Socio Economic Indicators of Maharashtra State

Survey Sl.No Socio-Economic Indicators Unit Year 1 Geographical Area 2011 3.08 (lakh sq.km) 2 Population 2011 1123.73 lakh 3 Density of population 2011 365 (per sq.km.) 4 Percentage of urban population to total 2011 45.23% population 5 Percentage of State population to all 2011 9.29% India population 6 Decennial growth rate of population 2001-11 15.99% 7 Sex Ratio (Female ratio per 1000 Males) 2011 925 8 Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes to 2001 19.05% total state population. 9 Percentage of main workers to total 2001 35.87% population 10 Agriculture workers to total workers 2001 54.96% 11 Per capita Income at current prices* 2010-11 Rs.87686 (Base year 2004-05) 12 Human development Index 2011 0.572 13 Percapita revenue receipts of state 2010-10 Rs.8661 14 Net area shown per cultivator 2008-09 1.5 Hectare 15 Net area shown to total geographical 2008-09 56.6 Hectare area 16 Employed persons (Rural) # 2009-10 49% 17 Employed persons (Urban) # 2009-10 38% 18 Labour Force Participation Rate( Rural) 2009-10 49.1% 19 Labour Force Participation Rate (Urban) 2009-10 39.2% 20 Employment in establishment 2005 10853 per lakh Pop. 21 Women employment to total employment 2009-10 16.8% in organised sector 22 Unemployed persons (Rural) @ 2009-10 0.6% of total labour 23 Unemployed persons (Urban) @ 2009-10 3.2% of total labour force

15 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra Survey Sl.No Socio-Economic Indicators Unit Year 24 Total Road length per hundred sq.km. ^ 2008 73 Km. 25 Crime Against Women 2009 15737 Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Maharashtra, 2011-12 * =Provision # = Based on National Survey 66th round, Central Sample @ = Based on National Survey 66th round (2009-10) Central Sample ^ = Excluding road constructed under the Jawahar Rojgar yojana & Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak yojana.

Comparative Position of National and State Income

Preliminary estimates of State Income i.e. Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) at current prices is estimated at Rs. 9,82,452 crore in 2010-11, as compared to Rs. 7,87,761 crore in 2009-10 showing an increase of 24.7 per cent against 16.2 per cent in the previous year. The State Income at constant (2004-05) prices in 2010-11 is estimated at Rs.6,69,279 crore, as compared to Rs.5,98,455 crore in 2009-10 showing an increase of 11.8 per cent against 9.5 per cent of the previous year. Per Capita State Income (i.e. Per Capita NSDP) at current prices is estimated at Rs.87,686 as compared to per capita National Income of Rs.53,331 in 2010-11.

Table 8: Comparative Position of National and State Income– 2010-11

State Growth rate(%) Share in GDP(%) Percapita(%) (at constant (at constant (at constant Prices) Prices) Prices) 10 8.23 62912 14.8 3.04 20708 Gujarat 10.5 7.17 75115 8.9 5.66 60,946 9.1 3.87 71,434 8.2 3.63 32,222 Maharashtra 11.3 14.93 87,686 Punjab 7.0 3.20 69,737 Rajasthan 11.0 4.52 42,434 Tamil Nadu 11.7 7.65 72,993 7.9 8.31 26,355 7.1 6.62 48,536 Source: CSO, GoI for other states and DES, Maharashtra for Maharashtra State, 2011-12

16 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra Transport

Transport is vital elements of infrastructure and key factors not only for global competitiveness, but also for creating an integrated national market. High transaction costs arising from an inefficient transport system can prevent the economy from realizing its full growth potential regardless of progress on other fronts. The transport system comprises of road transport, railways, water transport and air transport.

Road Network

Maharashtra has the largest road network in India which comprises of 267,452 kilometers. All weather roads connect about 97.8 per cent villages. The state’s road network consists of National Highways, State Highways, Major District Roads, Other District Roads and Village Roads. The road development works in the State are carried out by Public Works Department (PWD) of the State Government, Zilla Parishads (ZP), Municipal Corporations/ Municipal Councils/Nagar Panchayats(NP), Cantonment Boards(CB), Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation (MSRDC), Forest Department, Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) and City & Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO).

The total road length maintained by PWD and ZP (excluding internal road maintained by local bodies) was 2.41 lakhs km. at the end of March, 2011. Of which the surface road length was 2.21 lakh km. (91.5 per cent).

There are 17 National Highways that connect Maharashtra to six neighboring states. The length of national highways in Maharashtra is 3688 kilometers. Maharashtra has a large state highways network and 97.5 per cent of the villages in the state were connected by all-weather roads as of March 2010. The Yeshwantrao Chavan Mumbai-Pune Expressway, the first access controlled toll road in India was made fully operational in April 2002.

The Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC) has been providing passenger road transport service in the public sector since 1948, linking most of the towns and villages in and around the state with a large network of operation. These buses, popularly called ST (State Transport), are the preferred mode of transport for the publiC.

17 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra

National Highways 1.81 14.11 State Highways Major District Roads 44.02

20.66

19.4

Fig: 1 Road sector in Maharashtra State as on 31st March 2011

Village Connectivity by Road

As on 31st March, 2011, about 97.8 per cent villages were connected by all-weather roads and 1.6 per cent were connected by fair-weather roads. 227 villages in the state did not have any road connectivity.

Industry

Maharashtra is one of the favored destinations for Industrial Investment. It is India's leading industrial state contributing 15% of national industrial output and over 40% of India's national revenue. 64.14% of the people are employed in agriculture and allied activities. Almost 46% of the GSDP is contributed by industry. Major industries in Maharashtra include chemical and allied products, electrical and non-electrical machinery, textiles, petroleum and allied products. Other important industries include metal products, wine, jewelery, pharmaceuticals engineering goods, machine tools, steel and iron castings and plastic wares. The headquarters of the Financial Planning Standard Board in India is situated in Maharashtra. Now Maharashtra is the second largest exporter of software products with annual exports of 18,000 crore (US$3.28 billion) and accounts for more than 30 per cent of the country's software exports, with over 1,200 software units based in the state. Jawahar Nehru Port Trust in is the busiest port in India. Chhatrapati Shivaji International Air Port in Mumbai is the busiest airport in South Asia as per passenger volume.

Mumbai is home for the world's largest film industry-Bollywood, film making industry. Maharashtra ranks first nationwide in coal-based thermal electricity as well as nuclear 18 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra electricity generation with national market shares of over 13% and 17% respectively.

Land Utilization Status in Maharashtra

The physical, economic and institutional framework taken together determines the pattern of land use of a state at any particular time. In other words, the existing land use pattern in different regions in Maharashtra has been evolved as the result of the action and interaction of various factors taken together, such as the physical characteristics of land, the structure of resources like, capital and labour, available and the location of the region in relation to other aspects of economic development, e.g. those relating to transport as well as industry and trade. Table 3 depicts the land use trend based on these seven-fold classification.

As per the land utilisation statistics for 2009-10, out of the total 307.6 lakh hectare geographical area of the State, the gross cropped area was 226.1 lakh ha., net area sown was 174 lakh ha., area under forest was 52.1 lakh ha., land not available for cultivation was 31.7 lakh ha.,other uncultivated land was 24.1 lakh ha. And fallow land was 25.6 lakh ha. During the period of last five years i.e. from 2005-06 to 2009-10, land put to non- agricultural uses increased by 2.6 per cent. A watershed mission has been launched to ensure soil and water conservation measures are implemented speedily in the non irrigated area. The details of land utilization statistic of the state is given in Table 9

Table 9: Land Utilization of Maharashtra during 2009-2010

Sl. No. Item Area (in Lakh Hectares) 1 Total land as per Land Utilisation Statistics 307.6 2 Gross Cropped Area 226.1 3 Net Area Shown 174.0 4 Forest 52.1 5 Land put to non cultivable 31.7 6 Other Uncultivated Land 24.1 7 Fallow Land 25.6 Source: Commissionerate of Agriculture, Government of Maharashtra & Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2011-12

Operational Holdings

According to Agricultural Census 2005-06, there were 1.37 crore total operational holdings in the State, of which 1.03 crore operational holdings (74.9 per cent) belonged to marginal farmers with land holding less than or equal to two ha. The proportion of operational holdings of Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) was 7.8 per cent and 6.4 per cent and their area of operational holdings was 6.2 per cent and 7.6 per cent 19 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra respectively. The average size of landholding of SCs and STs was 1.16 ha. and 1.74 ha.

Agricultural Land

The state has 226.6 lakh hectares of land under cultivation where cereals, pulses and other major food grains are grown. Forests cover 52.1 lakh hectares area in the state. The State has made rapid strides in the production of cash crops, like, sugarcane, soyabean, cotton, oilseeds and onions. The last last few years have seen a healthy shift towards horticulture crops. Food crops include mangoes, grapes, bananas, oranges, wheat, rice, jowar, bajra, and pulses. Cash crops include groundnut, cotton, sugarcane, turmeric and tobacco. The net irrigated area totals 33,500 square kilometres. The characteristics or types of land are categorized as Warkas land, Jirayat land, Bagayat land ( Irrigated Land) and Rice land.

• The ‘Warkas’ land is the land of the poor productivity. This land is used by the farmer during the monsoon to grow ‘low-grade’ millets such as nachani and warai. Its cultivation involved burning of the vegetation on the land, (rab manure) preparing the soil with a pick and sowing by hand.

• Jirayat (Dry Crop) land is the land where cultivation depends upon annual rainfall. The jirayat land is used for seasonal crops, kharif and rabi. The agricultural sessions of kharif crops starts from June and agricultural sessions of rabi crops starts from September-October.

• Bagayat (Irrigated Land): -.Cultivation of these lands is mainly dependent upon sources of water other than rain. Sources of water can be well, bandharas and water supplied from through canal by irrigation department of Maharastra state government.

• Rice Land :-It is spreaded across coastal and heavy rainfall area where rice is the main crop.

Irrigation almost 80 to 85% of farming in maharashtra is dependent on the whims of the seasonal rains. The main source of water in Maharashtra include canals, lakes, reservoirs, seepage lakes, well pump irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation and tube-wells. Maharashtra is a state leading in drip irrigation, 60% of India’s drip irrigation system is found in Maharashtra alone. The area covered under irrigation in 2006-07 was 39.57 lakh hectares. A total of 17.5 % of land under cultivation is irrigated. Considering the sizable agricultural area, the dependence of people on farming and the importance of agro-based industries in

20 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra Maharashtra, a plan has already been executed for having several small-scale as well as large-scale irrigation projects, mainly, on the rivers Krishna, Bhima, Godavari, Tapi, Wardha, Wainganga. It is necessary to bring more and more land under irrigation by planning an optimum use of the water resource. While doing so, it is equally important to preserve the natural, physical balance. After taking into consideration the factors like availability of water, extent of cultivable land, natural increase in the level of underground water, as well as the increase in this level resulting from development of backwater areas, use of modern irrigation techniques and improvement in farm-watering techniques, the Maharashtra Irrigation Commission (1999) has predicted the potential possible increase in irrigation in the State to be a maximum of 126 lakh hectares.

Resources

Forests comprising only 17% of the state area cover the eastern region and the Sahyadri Range, while open scrub jungle dots the plateaux. If Maharashtra represented the Maha Kantara in the historic past, today little of it is left; vast sections have been denuded and stripped of the vegetal cover.

Water is the most precious natural resource of the state, greatly in the demand, and most unevenly distributed. A large number of villages lack drinking water, especially during the summer months, even in the wet Konkan. Barely 11% of the net sown area is irrigated. Perched water tables in the basalt aquifers have contributed to increased well irrigation, which accounts for approximately 55% of the irrigable water. The granitic-gneissic terrain in the eastern hilly area of accounts for all tank irrigation. Tube-wells in the Tapi- Purna alluvium and shallow wells in the coastal sands are the other main sources of water. Special wells are been made by the Government for the villages lacking water. The mineral-bearing zones of Maharashtra lie beyond the area of the basalts in eastern Vidarbha, southern Kolhapur and the Sindhudurg area. The Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, and Nagpur Districts form the main mineral belt, with coal and manganese as the major minerals and iron ore and limestone as potential wealth. The Ratnagiri coast contains sizeable deposits of ilmenite.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PROJECT INFLUENCED AREA (PIA)

Demographic The project influence area from the project point of view has been considered the districts through which the project road is traversing. Thus in this project the PIA includes the Hingoli, Nanded and Yavatmal districts. The project road mostly carries intra state traffic than inter state traffic. For Socio-Economic analysis, identifying areas directly served by the project road, delineates the “broad” and “immediate” picture of influence areas. For 21 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra the social assessment point of view a district level data has been presented and analysed in following sectors.

The demographic picture of project districts is presented in Table- 10.

Table 10: Demographic Characteristics of Project Influence Districts

Total Population Male Female (%) from (%) from Percent Package District the total the total Male Female Total age(% populatio populatio ) n of the n of the district district Hingoli 609386 51.69 569587 48.31 1178973 5.94 Package-I 3,356,56 Nanded 1,732,567 51.61 1,623,999 48.39 16.90 6 Influencin 2,775,45 g all 2 Yavatmal 1,425,593 51.36 1,349,864 48.63 13.98 7 packages

Package- 1,296,15 Wardha 665,925 51.37 630,232 48.62 6.53 III 7

Source: Census Record 2011

The population in rural areas is reasonably high in comparison to urban areas of the project influence districts. The average rural population constitutes 78.8% of the total population in PIA. As regard to the district, rural population is highest in (84.42%) followed by Yavatmal (78.41%) and Nanded (72.77%). The population distribution in the project influence area is given in Table 11.

Table 11: Population Distribution in the Project Influence Area

(%) of (%) of Name Rural Urban Percen Packages of Rural populati Urban population Total tage District on of the of the (%) district district Hingoli 1000102 84.82 178871 15.17 1178973 5.94 Package-I Nanded 2442734 72.77 913832 27.23 3356566 16.90 Influencing Yavatma all 2 2176252 78.41 599205 21.59 2775457 13.98 l packages Package-III Wardha 875284 67.53 420873 32.47 1296157 6.53

Source: Census Record 2011

22 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra Per Capita Income

The per capita income of project influenced districts is the estimates of domestic product at district level are compiled by the ‘Income Originating Approach’, the method used for calculating the State Domestic Product. District domestic product estimates, therefore, have all the inherent limitations of the State Domestic Product estimates. As such, wherever the basic data is available, the methodology used at the State level has been followed for preparation of estimates at district level. The district level data in respect of agriculture and allied activities sector is mostly available, but the data for other sectors is very inadequate.

In the PIA districts, the per capita income of Yavatmal district is highest with Rs. 63469. The district domestic product estimates are presented in Table 12.

Table 12: The Per Capita District Income (2010-11)

Package District Per Capita District Income (in Rs.) Hingoli 49470 Package-I Nanded 44978 Influencing all 2 Yavatmal 63469 packages Package-III Wardha 61391 Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, 2011-12, GoM

Gross Domestic Product & Net Dometic Product of PIA Districts

According to preliminary estimations for 2010-11 at current prices, the GDDP and NDDP of Yavatmal district is high with a robust growth in comparison to all the project influenced districts and which stands at Rs.18859 and Rs. 17400 respectively.

Table 13: Gross/ Net Project Districts Domestic Product

At Current Price (Rs. In Crore) District Sl. GDDP NDDP No 2009-10* 2010- 2009-10* 2010-11 11(@) (@) Package-I Hingoli 3987 5767 3727 5421 Nanded 12552 15462 11702 14548 Influencing all 2 Yavatmal 12121 18859 11081 17400 packages Package-III Wardha 7582 9191 7001 8568 Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, 2011-12 GoM * = provisional and @ = preliminary

23 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra Land use Pattern

With regard to land use pattern in the project corridor, a major track of land is used for agricultural purpose followed by barren/Open land and built-up land. Most of the barren lands are abandoned agricultural lands. The project is almost encumbrance free except built up locations where some small commercial units and residential structures are found within existing RoW. The Table 14 gives the detail account of section wise land use pattern along the project road.

Table 14: Land Use Pattern in Entire Section

Sl.No. Type of Land Waranga- Mahagaon Yavatmal-Wadha Use Mahagaon - Yavatmal (% of each (% of each (% of each Category) Category) Category) 1 Agricultural/Plant 80.0 67 64 ation/ vegetation 2 Barren / Open 6.0 7 11 Land 3 Built-Up 11.0 6 18 4 Forest 3.0 20 7 Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, 2009-10

Land Availability and Usage Pattern

The land availability and its usage is one of the important parameters of the survey. The total land use pattern in all the districts along the project road is given in Table 15. Of which Latur has got highest 72.5 percent of net area shown to total geographical area whereas Osmanabad has highest 88.8 percent of total area under food grains to total cropped area among PIA districts.

Table 15: Details of Land Use Pattern in Districts across Project Road

% of % of Net Net % of Total % of Gross % of Irrigated % of under area area under Irrigated Net Area area under Packa shown food grains Cropping area to Irrigated District forest to total ge to total to total Intensity gross Area to Other geographical geogra cropped cropped net area Wells Source area phical area area shown s area 2007- Base Year 2007-08 2007-08 2001-02 2001-02 2001-02 2007-08 08

Packag Hingoli 56.7 45.6 114.6 10.4 9.8 65.4 18.5 11.5 e-I Nanded 66.9 53.1 117.9 11.6 10.2 74.8 25.2 12.2 Influen cing all 2 Yavatmal 62.4 38.0 115.3 5.7 5.9 85.7 14.3 21.8 packag es 24 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra

Packag Wardha 57.8 373 107.0 8.7 8.2 90.4 9.6 16.6 e-III Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, 2009-10

Land Price

The land price, under the prevailing market value, varies significantly from place to place in all section. The market price of agricultural land varies from Rs. 3 lakh to 10 lakh per hectare in non -habitated area and on the road side junction it is Rs. 8 lakh to 35 lakh per hectare. The land price in Waranga-Mahagoan has gone up significantly in last 4- 5 years.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF PROJECT DISTRICT GEOGRAPHY Hingoli District

Hingoli district lies in the north region of the state of Maharashtra. The Hingoli district is situated in the latitude 19.43 North and Longitude is 77.11 East. The district is surrounded by and Yavatmal in the north, in the west and Nanded in the south-east. The total geographical area of Hingoli is 4526 sq km and the revenue of the district is generated mainly through farming and allied activities. The administrative set up of the district has two administrative sub-divisions – Hingoli and and five taluks – Hingoli, Kalmnuri, , Aundha and Basmath – covering 565 panchayats and 711 villages. The district is part of . One of the twelve shrines, the is located in Hingoli district. As of 2011 it is the third least populous district of Maharashtra (out of 39 district) after Sindhudurg and Gadchiroli.

Nanded District

The district of Nanded is situated between 18.15' and 19.55' North latitude and 77.7' to 78.15' east longitude. The district has a geographical area of 10528 Sq. Kms. The district of Nanded is surrounded in the North by Yavatmal District, in the West by Parbhani, Latur and Osmanabad districts, in 25 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra the South by Bidur district of Karnataka State and in the East by Nizamabad and Adilabad districts of Andhra Pradesh. Nanded city is the second largest one in Marathawada region and it is situated on the north bank of the .

Yavatmal District

Situated in the eastern part of the State, Yavatmal is bordered by on the north, on the northeast, on the east, the State of Andhra Pradesh on its south, Nanded on its southwest, to its west, and the district of Akola on its north west. For the purpose of administrative conveyance, the district is divided into 16 Tahsils and 16 Panchayat Samities. Yavatmal district formerly known as Yavatmal, is a di strict of the state of Maharashtra. It is located in the region of Vidharva, in the east-central part of the state.

Wardha District

Wardha district is a part of . The city of Wardha is the administrative headquarters of the district. It is bounded by in the northeast, Chandrapur district in the southeast, Yavatmal district in the southwest and Amaravati district in the northwest. Situated on the west of the Nagpur plateau, circles the district on its north, west and southwest boundaries.

DEMOGRAPHY

Hingoli District i. Urban Population

Out of the total Hingoli population for 2011 census, 15.17 percent lives in urban regions of district. In total 178,871 people lives in urban areas of which males are 92,241 and females are 86,630. Sex Ratio in urban region of Hingoli district is 939 as per 2011 census 26 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra data. Similarly child sex ratio in Hingoli district was 866 in 2011 census. Child population (0-6) in urban region was 23,249 of which males and females were 12,460 and 10,789. This child population figure of Hingoli district is 13.51 % of total urban population. Average literacy rate in Hingoli district as per census 2011 is 85.07 % of which males and females are 91.29 % and 78.53 % literates respectively. In actual number 132,388 people are literate in urban region of which males and females are 72,832 and 59,556 respectively. ii. Rural Population

As per 2011 census, 84.83 % population of Hingoli districts lives in rural areas of villages. The total Hingoli district population living in rural areas is 1,000,102 of which males and females are 517,145 and 482,957 respectively. In rural areas of Hingoli district, sex ratio is 934 females per 1000 males. If child sex ratio data of Hingoli district is considered, figure is 868 girls per 1000 boys. Child population in the age 0-6 is 137,837 in rural areas of which males were 73,790 and females were 64,047. The child population comprises 14.27 % of total rural population of Hingoli district. Literacy rate in rural areas of Hingoli district is 74.41 % as per census data 2011. Gender wise, male and female literacy stood at 85.91 and 62.23 percent respectively. In total, 641,569 people were literate of which males and females were 380,889 and 260,680 respectively.

Nanded District

As per 2011 Census, the population of Nanded district was 3356566 while the rural population stand at 2442734(72.77 %) The decennial growth of population in the district during the period 2001-2011 was about 16.70 percent. The density of population in the district is 319 per sq. kms. The female – male ratio of population in the district is 937 per 1000 male.

The literacy note in the district as per 2011 Census was just 76.94, which was below the State's average of 82.91%. In the rural area the literacy rate was just 74.06. The literacy rate among the women in the district is only 66.68 while in the State of Maharashtra it is about 75.48 percent. The demographic factors existing in the district, in all, indicates the backwardness of the district.

About 53 percent of Nanded's population is Hindu and 33 percent is Muslim. Buddhists constitute 8.6% and other minorities like , Christians make up the rest of the population. There are 17% Punjabi- or Hindi-speaking Sikhs are residing in this district. There is also a substantial number of and Telugu speakers live in Nanded district.

27 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra Yavatmal District

Yavatmal district stretches over an area of 13582 Sq. Km. In the terms of area, Yavatmal district constitutes 4.4% of the total area of the Maharashtra State. Total population of the district according to 2011 census was 2,775,457 out of which 1425593 were males and 1349864 were females. Of the total population, 78.41% is residing in rural area and 21.59 % is residing in urban area. The density of the population according to the 2011 census was 204 persons/Sq. Km. Its population over the decade 2001-2011 was 12.9 percent. Yavatmal has a sex ratio of 947 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 80.7 percent. As per census 2011, 81 percent of the population are Hindu followed by 9 per cent Buddhist and 8 per cent Muslim.

Wardha District

According to the 2011 census, Wardha district has a population of 1,296,157. This gives it a ranking of 377th in India (out of total of 640). The district has a population density of 205 inhabitants per square kilometer. Its population growth over the decade 2001-2011 was 4.8 percent. Wardha district has a sex ratio of 946 number of females per 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 87.22 per cent. Table 16: Demographic Profile Descripti Hingoli Nanded Yavatmal Wardha on Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Total 1000102 178871 2,442,734 913,832 78.41 21.59 875,284 420,873 Population Total 84.83 15.17 72.77 27.23 2,176,25 599,205 67.53 32.47 Population 2 (%) Total 517145 92241 1,259,335 473,232 1,119,55 306,042 450,588 215,337 Population 1 - Male Total 482957 86630 1,183,399 440,600 1,056,70 293,163 424,696 205,536 Population 1 - Female Sex Ratio 934 939 940 931 944 958 943 954

Child 137837 23249 330,554 113,912 257,442 62,999 85,108 39,428 Population (0-6 Years)- Total Child 73790 12460 173,734 60,515 133,917 33,429 44,216 20,789 Population (0-6 Years)- Male Child 64047 10789 156,820 53,397 123,525 29,570 40,892 18,639 Population

28 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra Descripti Hingoli Nanded Yavatmal Wardha on Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban (0-6 Years)- Female Child Sex 868 866 903 882 922 885 925 897 Ratio (0-6 Years) Average 74.41 85.07 74.06 84.55 77.90 90.71 84.36 93.14 Literacy Rate (%) Literacy 85.91 91.29 85.01 90.86 86.83 94.93 90.17 96.67 Rate (%)- Male Literacy 62.23 78.53 62.48 77.81 68.47 86.34 78.21 89.47 Rate (%)- Female Literate 641569 132388 1,564,313 676,296 1,494,77 486,379 666,587 355,282 (Total) 2 Literate 380889 72832 922,901 375,014 855,807 258,783 366,429 188,067 (Male) Literate 260680 59556 641,412 301,282 638,965 227,596 300,158 167,215 (Female) Source: Census India,2011 ECONOMY Hingoli District

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Hingoli one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the twelve district of Maharashtra currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

Hingoli is predominantly an agricultural district. Sorghum is the main crop in both kharif and rabbi seasons and Wasmat taluka leads in its production. Cotton is another important cash crop in the district. Sugarcane is gaining popularity in the district as more and more land is being brought under its cultivation. and Wasmat talukas being irrigated, sugarcane is grown in these talukas on a large scale. In addition, banana, grapes, chilli and garlic are also grown.

Nanded District

Nanded is a rapidly growing city, supporting industries such as textiles, sugar, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals. Major agricultural crops in the area include cotton and banana; the city is the second largest trading market in Maharashtra after Navi Mumbai. Other commercial sectors such as insurance, banking, and construction are also flourishing.

Nanded district is rich in calcium, magnesium and carbonates, lime- stone and granite. One can find good quality soil in the river basin of Godavari, Mangurd, Mongia and 29 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra Penganga.

Cotton cultivation is also a significant cash crop of the district. It is grown in an area 80 lakh hectares and mainly in the Talukas of Hadgaon, , Billoli and . It is reported that about 20 lakh tonnes of cotton stalk are available in the district every year. Currently most of this is used for fuel purpose. The Central Institute for Research in Cotton Technology (CIRCOT) at Mumbai has developed the technology for some Cotton Stalk based Industry – Some of which are Corrugated boxes from Cotton Plant Stalk. Corrugated boxes are generally prepared from forest based wood pulp. In the context of depleting forest resources, alternate raw material like cotton stalk could be used for preparation of kraft pulp and paper required for making corrugated boxes. Quality of these boxes are par with those made from conventional raw materials and are comparatively cheaper too.

Yavatmal District

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Yavatmal one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the twelve districts in Maharashtra currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

Wardha District

The Wardha district of Maharashtra state is one of the major cotton producing districts and has abundant agricultural resources. The dominant industry group is oil Mills, Dall Mills, Cotton ginning & pressing Mills in the district. Ancillary units of spare parts of oil industry, Cotton ginning & pressing units, Dall Mill units are also set up in the district. The major export items are from the district is cotton and orange. There is growth trend in Agro and food products, fabrication of metals, textile industries, and non metallic mineral.

WORK PARTICIPATION

The work participation is reportedly modest (40.19 percent), which is lowest among Christian households (16.67 per cent) and highest in Buddhist households (42.34 percent). Gender differentials in work participation are noticeable (29.03 per cent for males and 11.16 per cent for females). This is more or less true across all the religious groups, except Christian households, where gender inequity in work participation is very sharp. The lower female work participation is a serious issue, which calls for appropriate policy interventions to raise their contribution in economic activities so that they can be empowered and can play their role within and outside the family in an effective way. Causal labour in agriculture is a dominant occupation (50.35 per cent of households are engaged in casual labour) followed by self-employment in agriculture and allied

30 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra activities(34.85 per cent of the households). However, there are significant variations in occupational status of the sample households across the religious groups and genders. A low proportion of the sample household is self-employed in the non-agriculture sector.

More than 80 per cent of the women of Muslim and Buddhist households earn their livelihood from casual wage labour in agriculture, whereas a lesser proportion of members from other communities is engaged as causal labourers in agriculture. Thus, high dependence on casual wage labour in agriculture reflects a generally poor economic condition of the households. The casual work in non-agricultural activities is reportedly very low.

EVALUATION OF SOCIAL IMPACT Magnitude of Impacts

This chapter analyzes the quantum of loss of land and other immovable assets based on detailed measurement survey and thereby evaluate the socio economic impacts on the people. The project impacts were identified through a series of exercises including social screening during early project preparation stage and detailed household survey and public consultation as part of social impact assessment in the project area. A structured census questionnaire was used to collect detailed information on to the affected households and to document impacts on private assets, incomes and livelihood for a full understanding of impacts in order to develop mitigation measures and RAP for the PAPs. The objective of the census survey was to generate an inventory of social impacts on the people affected by the project, the type of impact, type of ownership and market value of land and/or structure, social profile of the affected people, poverty status, the presence of non titleholders in the project area, and finally the views of the affected person about the project and on various options for rehabilitation and resettlement. A socio-economic survey was also conducted in order to assess the overall socio-economic condition of the project affected area. The major findings and magnitude of impacts are discussed in the following sections.

Project Impacts

As the data obtained from PWD offices, the available average exiting RoW ranges from 20- 25 meter. The proposed cross sections indicate that 60 meter land width is required to accommodate various features of proposed road, however in forest area 45m RoW is considered. The social assessment of the impact was conducted within 30m on either side of the road from the centreline. During the survey it was found that the built up locations comprise of residential structures, commercial units e.g shops, hotel, kiosks, godowns, industries and religious structures e.g temples, shrines etc.

A land acquisition plan is separately prepared for this proposed project road. The plan 31 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra includes land acquisition maps of the affected villages indicating proposed right of way and land schedule for the affected survey numbers. The land schedules also include the details like affected survey numbers with required areas. Generally, the impact of project is evaluated on magnitude of land loss and other immovable assets/ structures.

Extent of Land Acquisition

With regard to upgradation and widening of the existing Waranga - Mahagaon section of NH 361 road, a total 268.5 hectares of private land is required. Of the total land, approx. 181.9 hectares needs to be acquired for the improvement of existing road and 81.6 hectares land required for realignments. The scope of land acquisition in the project road sections includes a) a minimum 60m RoW is required as per MoRTH Guideline b) bypass is proposed to avoid the impact on the properties and livelihood c) provisions on road side amenities. The project impacts are due to mainly widening of the road and bypasses development. Table 17 presents the detail account of land to be acquired for the project road. Table 17: Requirement of Land for Proposed Alignment

Total Required Total Required Total Required Sl. Project Land (Ha.) Land (Ha.) Land (Ha.) No. Component Package-I Package-II Package-III Improvement of 1 181.9 229.08 the Existing Road 191.61 For Realignments 2 81.6 74.4 46.5 and Bypasses Facilities (Truck 3 lay-byes, Toll 5 5 5 plazas) Total 268.5 308.48 247.7

Source: Land Records, Revenue Dept., Solapur Dist and 3(A) Notification

A considerable length of 66.88 km project stretch passes through four Tehsils namely Kalamnuri, Hadgaon, Umerkhed and Mahagaon of Maharashtra state. A large tract of land constituting 92.99 ha. to be acquired in Hadgaon taluka for improvement of the road. Similarly, 88.27 ha of land is required from Umerkhed taluka and 54.32 ha of land from North Mahagaon and 32.92 Ha from Kalamnuri taluka is required.

Table 18: Taluka wise Project Impact

Total Land Required for improvement of Package Taluka existing road along with realignments

Package-I Kalamnuri 32.92

Hadgaon 92.99

32 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra

Total Land Required for improvement of Package Taluka existing road along with realignments

Umerkhed 88.27

Mahagaon 54.32

Total 268.5

Mahagaon 89.80

Package-II Arni 125.5

Yavatmal 93.18

Total 308.48

Yavatmal 67.18

Package-III Kalamb 82.94 Deoli 77.9

Wardha 19.95

Total 247.97

Source: Land Records, Revenue Dept., Solapur Dist and 3(A) Notification

Status of Private Land

Table 4.3 presents the break up of land has to be acquired as per requirement. A significant 262.127 Ha agricultural land, 16.7 Ha of the non-agriculture land and 5.27 Ha of forest land also need to be acquired for the proposed of the project road. These land categories were taken from records of the Revenue Department.

Table 4.3: Status of Private Land To be acquired Area Sl. Type of Land (Ha.) No. Package-I Package-II package-III 1 Agriculture 262.127 270.32 222.2 2 Non- 1.103 19.29 20.913 Agriculture 3 Forest 5.27 18.88 4.86 Total 268.5 308.48 247.97

Source: Land Records, Revenue Dept., Solapur & 3(A) Notification

IMPACT ON STRUCTURES

Census of all the structures lying within 60m has been undertaken to assess the project impact on the population for displacement, resettlement and rehabilitation. Bypass has 33 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra been proposed to avoid the large scale demolition of properties and involuntary resettlement of the people. The structures to be acquired within the proposed RoW belong to titleholders, encroachers as well as squatters and informal settlers. The total number of structures within proposed RoW to be impacted is around 291. Approximately 91.75 percent private owned structures might be affected followed by 5.5 percent Religious structures, 2.75 percent Government structures structures respectively. The structures under various categories e.g Private, Religious and Government is shown in Table 4.4.

Table 4.4: Impact on Structures Along the Project Road

Sl. Affected Package-I Package-II Package-III No. Structures Total Percentage Total Percentage Total Percentage (%) (%) (%) 1 Private 267 91.75 349 87.69 246 82.5 2 Government 8 2.75 16 4.02 19 6.4 3 Religious 16 5.5 33 8.29 33 11.1 Total 291 100.00 398 100.00 298 100.00

Source: Census Survey, Aarvee Associates, Hyderabad

LIKELY TO BE AFFECTED STRUCTURES

The structures to be acquired within the existing RoW belong to encroachers and squatters as well as informal settlers. A large chunk of them are squatters. Most squatters are small business owners and vendors. They form an important vulnerable group for resettlement and income restoration perspective. In realignment area, some titleholder structures may get affected.

There are 291 number of structures identified within the existing RoW in entire project road. Of which some may get affected completely. Some titleholders properties which fall beyond the existing RoW may also be acquired for the development of the project road.

Usage of the Affected Structure

The total number of private, government and religious structures are likely to be affected due to the project road is estimated to be 291. Of the total likely to be impacted structures, private properties comprising Residential and Commercial account for a significant number 267 (91.75 %) followed by religious structures 16 and government structures 8 respectively.

34 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra As per the statistical data, the residential structures constitute a large chunk with 184 (68.92%) followed by commercial structures 83 (31.08 %).

Since kiosks are portable wooden or tin structures thus they are excluded from the impacted commercial main structure category. The measurement of dimension and valuation of kiosks are not needed in this regard but socio economic impact point of view the kiosk owners will be taken into consideration.

Table 4.5: Usage of Structure Sl. Classification of Package-I Package-II Package-III No. Structure

No. Percenta No. Percenta No. Percentage ge ge

A. Private 1 Residential 184 68.92 237 67.91 170 69.1 2 Commercial 83 31.08 108 30.94 73 29.7 3 Residential+ Commercial 0 0.00 4 1.15 3 1.2 Total 267 100.00 349 100.00 246 100.00 B. Government 1 Bus Stop 7 87.5 14 87.5 9 47.4 2 Govt. Offices 1 12.5 2 12.5 10 52.6 Total 8 100.00 16 100.00 19 100.00 C. Religious 1 Temple 16 100.00 33 100.00 33 100.00 Total (A+B+C) 291 100.00 398 100.00 298 100.00 Source: Census Survey, Aarvee Associates, Hyderabad

Ownership of the Structure

The property falling within the proposed RoW as per type of ownership is presented in Table 4.6. The impact on private structures would affect the life and livelihood of the people. The impacted private structures comprises of Residential, Commercial, mixed structures e.g Res-cum-Commercial and Compound Wall etc; as well public utilities, public and semi public assets, well, pond etc are likely to be affected. The religious structure such as Temple, Mosque may be affected due to the proposed road. The impacted government Properties include Bus stop, School, Police station and Offices etc. The following sections deals with the details of the affected structures along the project road.

35 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra

Table 4.6: Number of Structures Affected along the Project Corridor Project Affected Structures (Fully Project Affected Structures Type of Use and Partially Affected) (Fully Affected)

Package-I

Semi- Semi- Total Pucca Kutcha Total Pucca Kutcha Pucca Pucca

Residential 37 14 12 11 147 14 45 88

Commercial 17 4 13 0 66 35 31 0

(Res-cum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Comm) Religious 4 4 0 0 12 12 0 0

Bus stop 0 0 0 0 7 7 0 0

Govt 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 59 23 25 11 232 68 76 88

Package-II

Residential 24 1 19 4 213 51 131 31

Commercial 3 0 3 0 105 22 83 0

(Res-cum 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 Comm) Religious 3 3 0 0 30 0 0 0

Bus stop 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0

Govt 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0

Total 30 4 22 4 368 73 214 31

Package-III

Residential 30 10 16 4 140 30 79 31

Commercial 15 9 6 0 58 24 34 0

(Res-cum 2 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 Comm) Religious 3 3 0 0 30 30 0 0

Bus stop 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0

Govt 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0

36 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra Table 4.6: Number of Structures Affected along the Project Corridor Project Affected Structures (Fully Project Affected Structures Type of Use and Partially Affected) (Fully Affected)

Total 50 24 22 4 248 104 113 31 Source: Census Survey, Aarvee Associates, Hyderabad

Typology of Likely to be Affected Structures

The data collected under identification exercises showed that the number of affected households including the commercial structures households along the road is 291. However, the affected structures are categorised as Pucca, Semi Pucca and Kutcha.

Out of the total structures that are affected by the road widening a majority of them are found to be Semi Pucca Structures(34.71%). The type of structures affected along the project is shown in Table No 4.7.

Table 4.7: Typology of Structures along the Project Road

Sl. Type Total Affected Structures No. Package-I Package-II Package-III No. % No. % No. % Typology of Private Structures 1 Pucca 67 23.02 78 19.6 76 25.6 2 Semi 101 34.71 236 59.3 135 45.3 Pucca 3 Kutcha 99 34.02 35 8.8 35 11.7 Typology of Religious Structure 1 Pucca 16 5.5 33 8.3 33 6.3 Typology of Government Structure 1 Pucca 8 2.75 16 4 19 11.1 Total 291 100 398 100 298 100 Source: Census Survey, Aarvee Associates, Hyderabad

LIKELY LOSS OF GOVERNMENT STRUCTURES

According to survey analysis, two passenger waiting rooms and four govt. offices are likely to be affected due to the widening of the road. The definition of public property is defined as properties belong to village and local government and which serves greater cause of the village residents.

IMPACT ON RELIGIOUS PROPERTY

During census survey 16 religious structures adjacent to the project road were identified. The total religious structures consist of small temple, shrines, chabutra, medium & large

37 Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Final DPR Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 4-laning of Wardha-Yavatmal- Project Description Nanded District Border section of NH – 361 under NHDP - IV in the state of Maharashtra structures. With our engineering technique and plan we try to protect large, important religious structures either from relocation or demolition. As per the data, 12 religious structures fall within the RoW will get affected completely. Most of the religious structures have been observed within a distance of 5-10 m from the edge of the paved shoulder. Proper provision must be considered for relocating these structures before the implementation of the project to avoid land acquisition conflict and communal problems.

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