Environmental Status Report 2014 – 15

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Panvel Municipal Council

ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS REPORT

2014 – 15

Prepared by:

M/s. Global Enviros

THE ENVIRONMENTAL GROUP

PL – 6A – 9/11, Sector – 14, Khanda Colony, New Panvel (W), Navi Mumbai – 410 206, Ph. – 022-65656525, Mob. - 8097 096 285, Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 1 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 2 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Socio-economic development of a Town is depending on the Facility management. This is related to health, living standard and environment of the citizens and the Town. Due to rapid development and growing population many Environmental and Social problems are created. Therefore Maharashtra Government has made it mandatory to prepare Annual Environmental Status Report (ESR). According to State Law Section 234, paragraph 12, subject number 8, Maharashtra State Municipal Corporation & Council law 1994 and part 67A related 74 th amendment in year 1992, has made preparation of ESR compulsory.

Panvel is a Gateway of Konkan & Western Maharashtra and close to Navi Mumbai, therefore it’s demographic and economic growth is very rapid. This is resulting in the stress on infrastructural facilities like transportation, education, recreation, health, sports, service sector, manufacturing etc.. Therefore considering the present situation and future needs, the improvement in the existing infrastructure and addition of new facilities has become essential. The content of this ESR may be referred during the designing and implementing new development projects. The basic facilities provided in different wards and sectors indicate town’s functional capacity.

All Departments of Municipal Council are involved in executing the environmental programs. The overall environmental status is result of joint efforts of various Departments, which is depicted in this Environmental Status Report 2014-2015. This Report will certainly will be useful for any sort of decision to be taken in the future.

We thank the Management and the Staff of the Panvel Municipal Council and all the people and institutions who have directly or indirectly contributed in the preparation of this Environmental Status Report.

For M/S. GLOBAL ENVIROS,

Ganesh P. Patil Authorised Signatory

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 3 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 CONTENT CHAPTER: 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1: PURPOSE ...... 9 1.2: GEOGRAPHY ...... 9 1.3: HISTORY ...... 9 1.4: DEMOGRAPHY ...... 10 CHAPTER: 2 CITY ENVIRONMENT & DEVELOPMENT ...... 12 2.1: CITY ENVIRONMENT ...... 12 2.1.1: INFORMATION ...... 12 2.1.2: GEOGRAPHY ...... 12 2.1.3: HISTORY ...... 12 2.1.4: RIVERS ...... 12 2.1.5: SANTUARY & WILDLIFE ...... 12 2.1.6: TEMPLES ...... 13 2.1.7: METEOROLOGY ...... 15 2.1.8: LAND USE ...... 15 2.1.9: DETAILED INFORMATION OF WARDS ...... 16 2.2: CITY DEVELOPMENT...... 17 2.2.1: INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT & ITS IMPACT ...... 18 CHAPTER: 3 AIR ENVIRONMENT ...... 19 3.1: AIR ENVIRONMENT ...... 19 3.2: SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION ...... 19 3.3: HEALTH IMPACT OF SPECIFIC AIR POLLUTANTS ...... 21 3.4: RESPIRABLE SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER...... 22 3.5: SULPHUR DIOXIDE...... 22 3.6: NITROGEN OXIDES ...... 22 3.7: SAMPLING LOCATIONS ...... 23 CHAPTER: 4 WATER ENVIRONMENT ...... 19 4.1: INTRODUCTION ...... 31 4.2: WATER QUALITY ...... 31 4.2.1: RIVER WATER ...... 31

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 4 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

4.2.2: LAKE WATER ...... 32 4.2.3 MUNICIPAL WATER ...... 32 4.2.4: NALAH (WASTE WATER) ...... 35 4.3: SAMPLING LOCATIONS ...... 36 CHAPTER: 5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT ...... 46 5.1: NOISE ENVIRONMENT ...... 46 5.2: NOISE SAMPLING LOCATIONS...... 46 CHAPTER: 6 TEMPRATURE ...... 49 6.1: INTRODUCTION ...... 49 CHAPTER: 7 BOTANICAL SURVEY ...... 52 7.1: INTRODUCTION ...... 52 7.3: LAKES & AQUATIC PLANTS ...... 56 CHAPTER: 8 SOIL ENVIRONMENT ...... 58 8.1: DEFINITION ...... 58 8.2: SOURCES OF SOIL POLLUTION ...... 58 8.3: SOIL SAMPLING LOCATION ...... 58 8.4: SOIL ANALYSIS REPORT ...... 61 CHAPTER: 9 TRAFFIC SURVEY ...... 64 9.1: TRAFFIC COUNTING ...... 64 9.2: TRAFFIC SURVERY LOCATIONS ...... 64 CHAPTER: 10 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ...... 72 10.1: INTRODUCTION ...... 72 10.2: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (SWM) ...... 72 10.3: MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF NAVI MUMBAI ...... 73 10.3.1: Collection & Transportation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) ...... 73 10.3.2: Processing & Disposal of MSW ...... 75 10.3.3: BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT ...... 75 10.4: METHODOLOGY OF WASTE PROCESSING ...... 76 10.5: METHODOLOGY OF DISPOSAL IN LANDFILL ...... 76 10.6: EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ...... 76 CHAPTER: 11 FACILITIES : ...... 77 Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 5 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

11.1: INTRODUCTION: ...... 77 11.1.1: MUNICIPALITY ...... 77 11.1.2: INCOME & EXPENDITURE ...... 78 11.2: EDUCATION & LITERACY ...... 78 11.2.1: LIST OF SCHOOLS ...... 78 11.3: TRANSPORTATION ...... 79 11.3.1: PANVEL RAILWAY STATION ...... 79 11.3.2 STATE TRANSPORT BUSES (S.T.) ...... 81 11.4: WATER SUPPLY ...... 83 11.5: SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT (STP) ...... 83 11.6: DRAINAGE SYSTEM ...... 87 11.6.1: UNDERGROUND SEWERAGE SCHEME ...... 87 11.7: ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ...... 87 11.8: FIRE BRIGADE & EMERGENCY SERVICE CENTER ...... 87 11.9: HEALTH & MEDICAL FACILITIES ...... 88 Table No. 11.4: Details of Playground & Gardens ...... 89 11.11: ENTERTAINMENT CENTERS: ...... 93 11.12: PROPOSED HYGIENIC FISH MARKET ...... 97 11.13: FEST & FESTIVALS IN PANVEL TOWN: ...... 98 CHAPTER: 12 SUGGESTIVE MEASURES ...... 101 12.1: SUGGESTIVE MEASURES ...... 101

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 6 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 ABBREVIATIONS

Sr. Abbreviation Description No. 1 % Percentage 2 °C Degree Celsius 3 BOD Biological Oxygen Demand 4 CIDCO City and Industrial Development Corporation of Maharashtra 5 CKT Changu Kana Thakur

6 Cl 2 Chlorine 7 cm Centimeter 8 CNG Compressed Natural Gas 9 COD Chemical Oxygen Demand 10 CST Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus 11 C-Tech Cyclic Technology 12 D.G Differential Generator 13 dB Decibels 14 DFC Dedicated Frieght Corridor 15 DFCC Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation 16 EC Electrical Conductivity 17 eg. For Example 18 EMP Emergency Management Plan 19 ESR Environmental Status Report 20 etc. etcetera 21 FoB Fly Over Bridge 22 ft Feet 23 H.O.C Hindustan Organic Chemicals 24 HDPE High -density polyethylene 25 HP Horse Power 26 JNPT Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust

27 K2O Potassium oxide 28 Kg Kilogram 29 Kg/day Kilogram per Day 30 Km Kilometer 31 Ltd. Limited 32 m Meter 33 Cum Cubic Meter 34 M/s. Messrs 35 m3 Meter Cube 36 m3/day Meter Cube Per Day 37 MG Mahatma Gandhi 38 mg/Lit Mili gram Per Liter 39 MIDC Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation 40 MJP Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran 41 MLD Million Liters per Day

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 7 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

42 mm Mili Meter 43 MPCB Maharashtra Pollution Control Board 44 mS/cm Mili Siemens Per Centimeter 45 MSEDCL Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited 46 MSW Municipal Solid Waste 47 MT Metric Tons 48 MT/Day Metric Tons per Day 49 MWML Mumbai Waste Management Limited 50 NH National Highway 51 NMMT Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport 52 No. Number

53 NO x Nitrogen Oxides 54 Nr. Near 55 NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units 56 O&G Oil & Grease 57 OBC Other Backward Class 58 OC Organic Carbon

59 P2O5 Phosphorus Pentoxide 60 pH Measurement of Acidity / Alkalinity of Water. 61 PLC Programmable Logic Controller 62 PM Particulate Matter 63 PMC Panvel Municipal Council 64 PSC Pre -stressed concrete 65 RAS Return Activated Sludge 66 Rs. Rupees 67 RSPM Respiratory Suspended Particulate Matter 68 SAS Surplus Activated Sludge 69 SC Scheduled Caste

70 SO x Sulphur Oxides 71 SPM Suspended Particulate Matter 72 Sq.ft. Square Feet 73 Sr. No. Serial Number 74 ST Scheduled Tribe 75 S.T State Transport 76 STD Subscriber Trunk Dialling 77 STP Sewage Treatment Plant 78 SWM Solid Waste Management 79 TSS Total Suspended Solid 80 Tt Teratonnes 81 WBM Water -bound macadam 82 WTP Water Treatment Plant

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 8 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 CHAPTER: 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1: PURPOSE The objective of carrying out this study and prepare this report is to know the current Environmental conditions of the Panvel town and to assess the changes of the Environmental conditions in the region. It will be effective in drafting the alternate strategies in implementation and mode of activities for Environmental Protection in the effective manner. The Environmental Status Report (ESR) is a comprehensive study of the selected region. It is intended to compile and process information and data in order to identify major driving forces acting on both current and future Environmental conditions. Specifically, the goal of this report is to describe the cause of growth and change, to assess the driving forces which create both benefits and environmental concerns for the region and to define the current status of environmental conditions related to air, water, land and biodiversity. The report will be a basic references document and will result in being helpful as guide for future study.

Analysis of Ambient Air Quality, Water Quality, Sewage Characteristics, Soil Samples, and Survey on Tree count, Temperature and Traffic count was carried out from respective site. Also the Noise level monitoring was recorded at various locations.

1.2: GEOGRAPHY Panvel (T. Panvel; 18.56’ N, 73.12’ E), the chief town in the Panvel Taluka, lies on a creek about 16 miles east of Mumbai and by road 20 miles south east of Thana. Panvel is situated on the banks of the Gadhi river (later becomes Panvel Creek).

1.3: HISTORY The historic settlement of Panvel is 300 years old, developed around trade routes (both land and sea), during the time of Muslims/ Portuguese/ British dominance of the Konkan region. During this time, building activity in these townships was generated by the affluence due to trade. This can be seen in the large Wadas and the buildings that came up during the relative affluence of the Peshwahi and post - Peshwahi period. It’s also said that old name of this city was Paneli (Panelim in Konkani).

In 1570, Panvel is mentioned as a European trading port paying revenue to Gujarat (Bird’s Mirat-i-Ahmadi, 129). In 1779, English party under Colonel Eagerton supporting the cause of Raghoba embarked at Bombay and disembarked at Panvel on 25 th November. Later the party ascended the Ghats and met the Marathas at Karle where was severely defeated, Captain

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 9 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 Stewart being among the killed. Again about two years later in April 1781 General Goddard had sent under Lieutenant- Colonel Brown, an escort of three battalions at Panvel for bringing on a convoy of grains, but the Maratha army under Parsurambhau attacked it with great force and dispersed it thus frustrating the plans of General Goddard to march across the Ghats which he had to climb down to retreat towards Panvel. It probably raised to importance along with Bombay, as the direct route from Bombay to the Deccan lies through Panvel.

In 1804, Lord Valentia described it as a populous village, prettily situated on the banks of Suthe River, in a plain surrounded by high hill. In 1810 Sir James Mackintosh found Panvel as a wooded village, well situated on small hay, distinguished by the handsome dome of a mosque. For some time after its cession, in 1818, a small English force was kept in Panvel and part of the town is still known as the camp (Mr. Cumine, C.S.). In 1820, it is described as an extensive place, well situated for business and carrying on a considerable commerce, although standing in the midst of a salt morass.

To the north of the town is a handsome reservoir known as the Vadala talav, but its water is bad and scanty. This, as well as the Parvati and Krishnale reservoirs, was built by one Balajipant Bapat. The town lies low and is shut in by hills. Panvel has a Rice Research Station, Mamaledar’s office, a stone building at the centre of the town and a huge State Transport depot. The Dhutpapesvar Industries Ltd. is to the west of the S.T. stand. On the bank of a small pond to the north – west of the town stands the tomb of a Musalman missionary called Pir Karim Ali Shah. It is about 200 years old and has no pretensions to architectural merit (in 1804 Lord Valentia described the tomb as a neat building with a dome and two small pinnacles peeping from a mango grove. Attached to the tomb were twenty five Quran readers. According to the priests, Karim was a native of Lucknow, who had lived in Panvel for six years. Travels, II. 169.). here a yearly fair is held on Magh Shuddh 11th (December) and is attended by a large number of Muslims and Hindus from Thane, Kalyan and Mumbai. The chief articles sold are sweet meats, cloth, fruits and children toys. Besides Karim Shah’s tomb, the only antiquities are some fragments of fortification in the creek. These are probably the ruins of a small fort, which was built in 1682 by Shivaji’s son Sambhaji to protect the neighborhoods from the raids of Aurangzeb’s Sidis, who used to land and burn or carry off rice (Hamilton’s Description of Hindustan, II. I 5 I.).

1.4: DEMOGRAPHY Panvel is the largest and most populated city in Raigad district. The city also happens to be the headquarters of Panvel Taluka with more than 1000 villages under it. The development authority of Panvel is the Panvel Municipal Council (PMC) and that of New Panvel is CIDCO. The Panvel Municipal Council area is 12.17 sq. km. The villages of Panvel come under the preview of Raigad Zillah Parishad. As per the 2011 censes population of Panvel is 1, 80,464. Total number of families recorded under PMC is 43,231.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 10 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Table No. 1.1: Distribution of Population (2001)

Sr. No. Particulars Total Population Males Females 1 Population- Urban 1,04,058 54,963 49,095 2 Population- Rural 0 0 0 3 Population (0-6) 13,718 7,125 6,593 4 SC Population 4,924 2,533 2,391 5 SC Population (%) 4.7 4.6 4.9 6 ST Population 2,753 1,405 1,348 7 ST Population (%) 2.6 2.6 2.7

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 11 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 CHAPTER: 2 CITY ENVIRONMENT & DEVELOPMENT

2.1: CITY ENVIRONMENT

2.1.1: INFORMATION Panvel is in the Raigad district of Maharashtra. Panvel is a Gateway of Konkan region. It adjoins Navi Mumbai and is just after the Thane district border. It is located on the Mumbai Pune expressway a distance about 22-45 km from Mumbai. The development authority of Panvel is the Panvel Municipal Council (PMC) and that of New Panvel is CIDCO. The villages of Panvel come under the purview of Raigad Zillha Parishad.

2.1.2: GEOGRAPHY Panvel is located on the bank of the Gadhi River (later becomes Panvel creek).

2.1.3: HISTORY The historic settlement of Panvel is 3000 years old, developed around trade routes (both land and sea), during the time of Muslims/ Portuguese/ British dominance of the Konkan region. During this time, building activity in these townships was generated by the affluence due to trade. This can be seen in the large Wadas and the buildings that came up during the relative affluence of the Peshwahi and post- Peshwahi period. It’s also said that old name of this city was Paneli (Panelim in Konkani).

2.1.4: RIVERS Rivers are flowing water bodies. Rivers are an important part of the Earth’s water cycle and the sculpting of the Earth’s topography as they carry huge quantities of water from the land to the sea. Rivers have been used as a source of water, for obtaining food, for transport, as a defensive measure, as a source of hydropower to derive machinery, for bathing and as a means of disposing of waste. Gadhi River flows by Panvel.

2.1.5: SANTUARY & WILDLIFE Between Pen and Panvel lies the Karnala fort. At the bottom of the fort is the bird sanctuary. Karnala is 65 km away from Mumbai, 120 km from Pune and 13 km from Panvel. The sanctuary is about 25m above the mean sea level, while the fort itself is 370m above the mean sea level. Maharashtra Government declared this 4.5 sq. km. region as a Bird Sanctuary in 1968-69. Rich with natural habitats for various kinds of birds, in the sanctuary one can find around 150 species of birds. One can watch for Red Vented Bulbul, Horn Bill, Myna, Owl, Ashy Rain War Blur, Paradise Fly Catcher, and Robin Mc Pie. Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 12 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 2.1.6: TEMPLES 1) Shri Gavdevi Mandir : It is one of the most ancient temples. In Navaratri Festival “Ghatt” is established in temple. The festival is celebrated for 10 days passionately. Many people come for worships. In second half of Chaitra month every year Palka round up the city.

2) Shri Ballaleshwar Mandir : Temples such as Shri Virupaksh Mahadev & Shri Balaji Krishna Bapat, mentioned in “Bombay Presidency Gazzette Volume 14” in year 1982. In front of temple there is a huge lake. The beauty of the campus is enhanced by development in the garden and lightings.

3) Virupaksh Mandir: It was built up in 1975. Near the temple there is a huge Peepal Tree. It is the centralized temple and well known from ancient times in Panvel Society. Every year month of “Shravan” is celebrated by local people. Apart from this festival, Shri Krishnashtami and Ganesh Festical is also celebrated every year in Shri Laxminarayan Mandir.

In Shri Das Maruti Temple, Shri Ram Navami and Hanuman Jayanti are celebrated every year. In Market Yard Area Navaratri Festival is celebrated and also Shri Ram Jayanti, Shri Krishna Jayanti, Shri Hanuman jayanti is also celebrated in the respective temples.

Following is the list of temples found in Panvel under the preview of PMC:

1. Shri Ballaleshwar Mandir (Tilak Road) 2. Shri Maruti Devalay (Nr. Vadale Lake) 3. Shri Maruti Devalay (Kharewada) 4. Shri Dasmaruti Devalay (Tilak Road) 5. Shri Gavdevi Devalay (Prabhu Aali) 6. Shri Sitadevi Devalay (Prabhu Aali) 7. Shri Jarimari Devalay (Nr. Vadale Lake) 8. Shri Maruti Devalay (Nr. Lainale Lake) 9. Shri Jarimari Devalay (Subhedar Aali) 10. Shri Ray Mother All Saint Church (Shivaji Road) 11. Shri Virupaksh Mandir Devalay (Shivalji Road) 12. Shir Munjoba Devalay (Godse Aali) 13. Shri Maruti Devalay (Joshi Aali) 14. Shri Balaji Devalay (Nr. Krishnale Lake) 15. Shri Krishneshwar Mandir (Nr. Krishnale Lake) 16. Shri Maruti Devalay (Nr. Krishnale lake) 17. Shri Ganpati Devalay (Joshi Aali) 18. Shri Vitthoba Rukmani Mandir (Nr. Rukmani Mandir) 19. Shri Vitthoba Rukmani Mandir (Bazar Peth) 20. Shri Datta Mandir (Bazar Peth) 21. Shri Maruti Devalay (Nr. Krishnale Lake) Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 13 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 22. Shri Chedoba Devalay (Harijanwada) 23. Shri Jarimari Devalay (Harijanwada) 24. Shri Maruti Devalay (Takka) 25. Shri Bhusar Mohalla Masjid (Bhusar Mohalla) 26. Shir Pir Karamalli Darga (Nr. Devale Lake) 27. Shir Jumma Masjid (Patel Mohalla) 28. Shri Momin Pada Masjid (Momin Pada) 29. Shri Vazi Mohalla Masjid (Vazi Mohalla) 30. Shri Pada Mohalla Masjid (Pada Mohalla, Kacchi Naka) 31. Shri Jalal Saheb Darga (Nr. Devale Lake) 32. Shri Satyanarayan Mandir (Opposite to Mirchi Galli) 33. Shri Koleshwar Mandir (Koliwada) 34. Shri Jarimari Devalay (Koliwada) 35. Shri Patel Mohalla Darga 3 (Patel Mohalla) 36. Shri Mirchi Galli Darga (Mirchi Galli) 37. Shri Maruti Devalay Panchmukhi (Opposite to Jasdanwala Bag) 38. Shri Tapalnakka Darga (Tapalnaka) 39. Shri Laxminarayan Mandir (Tapalnaka) 40. Shri Laxminarayan Mandir (Prabhu Aali) 41. Shri Naithail Prarthnalay (Tapalnaka) 42. Shri Mahadev Devalay (Kacchi Aali) 43. Shri Parasnath Devalay (Kapad Bazar) 44. Shri Jain Mandir (Kapad Bazar) 45. Shri Kumbhar Lokanche Deul (Kumbhar Vada) 46. Shri Bohri Masjid (Tapalnaka Ulva Road) 47. Shri Vrishali Pir Darga (Mominpada) 48. Shri Narsingh Devalay (Mirchi Galli) 49. Shri Koliwada Darga (Koliwada) 50. Shri Bhusar Mohalla Darga (Bhusar Mohalla) 51. Shri Pir Darga (Takka) 52. Shri Takka Masjid (Takka) 53. Shri Mastansha Darga (Kacchi Aali) 54. Shri Pir Darga (Bazar Peth) 55. Shri Pir Darga (Shri Dandekar House) 56. Shri Pir Darga (Lainali, Nr. Rane House) 57. Shri Ram Mandir (Nr. Mamledar Kacheri) 58. Sai Baba Mandir (Nr Railway Station) 59. Navnath Mandir, (Nr. Railway Mal Dhakka.) 60. Masjid-E-Ayesha (Bunder Road) 61. Masjid-E-sufa (Anjuman Madarsa, Kachcchi Mohalla) Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 14 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 62. Omkareshwar Mandir (Bunder Road)

2.1.7: METEOROLOGY This area has subtropical monsoonal climate of humid - per humid to semi arid and sub humid type. Overall climate is equable with high rainfall days and very few days of extreme temperatures. The driest day’s area in winter while the wettest days experienced in July. On an average, the warmest month is May (Max. 34.17 ⁰C and Min 27.05 ⁰C), coolest month is January (Max. 31.06 ⁰C and Min. 17.24 ⁰C) while the most precipitation is observed in July. The average monthly precipitation has been recorded at around 531 mm, that’s 21 inches. The rainy season starts at the beginning of June and ends in the last week of September. The annual mean rainfall is of 2400 mm. The maximum rainfall is in the month of July averaging to 800 mm. The humidity ranges from 57 to 81% with the highest humidity in the month of July.

2.1.8: LAND USE The Panvel Municipal Council area is 12.17 sq. km. Entire Panvel area is divided into 10 wards which comprise of both Old Panvel under PMC and New Panvel under CIDCO. Commercial area is under construction. No industries are under their coverage.

Residential area: In the last few years Panvel has emerged as the fastest growing area. Due to the increasing population pressure on Mumbai and easy communication facilities for commuters going to and coming from Mumbai to Panvel, the population has shifted towards the Panvel region. As a result large housing complex have come up in this area. This has also lead to the development of slum pockets in the area. Total residential houses account to be 22957. Commercial Houses account to be 6978. At present number of slum household has been recorded to be increased in the area.

Sainagar is the large complex with more than 1/20 the population of the city of Panvel. It is just opposite to the proposed international airport at Panvel. It has supermarkets, laundries, saloons, engineering works, etc. It is near to H.O.C. colony, 52 Bungalows, Garden Hotel and Bus Stand near to the proposed Techno Park, International Exhibition Center and Abdul Razzaq Kalsekar College of Polytechniques. Many people derive their livelihood from this area.

Commercial area: Along with the residential growth, there has been an extensive growth of commercial area also. Many of the reputed organizations and institutions have already set up their offices or centers especially in the New Panvel region which comes under CIDCO. In future also this growth will continue which could be said based on the population increase and popularity of the Panvel region.

Land under public and Semi public use: This category includes areas occupied by Educational institutions such as primary and secondary schools, religious places such as temple, church, mosque etc., Government and Semi Government offices. It covers nearly 70-75 % of the total area. Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 15 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 Land under open spaces: There are natural tanks crafted in the Panvel region which includes the lakes and river Gadhi. The Municipal Council has developed the Lendale, Israyal, Krishnale, Vadale and Devale lakes where in one can see the landscaping also. These are well maintained and taken care of from time to time by the Municipal Council. There are Gardens and Play grounds in the region which also add contribution in catering the active and passive recreational needs of the city. The Gardens show great variety of plant species which are well maintained. Plantation in these areas helps to improve the aura of surroundings and freshness of air.

2.1.9: DETAILED INFORMATION OF WARDS

Table No. 2.2: Detailed information of wards

Approximate Ward Ward Name area Population Number (in km) 1 Khanda Colony 1.68455 39943 D.A.V School M.J.P. 2 1.269751 32722 Office area 3 C.K.T. School area 0.401446 10346 Municipal Council Primary 4 0.480565 14293 Girls school area 5 Taluka Police Station Area 0.35795 10668 Dhakta Khanda & Motha 6 4.746681 13786 Khanda area Municipal Council Office 7 0.449928 14389 surrounding Bhaji Market Hutatma 8 0.90218 14884 Smarak Surrounding 9 Takka village surrounding 1.049687 14538 10 Podi surrounding 0.827626 14895 TOTAL 12.170364 180464

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 16 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Panvel

2.2: CITY DEVELOPMENT The development of the Panvel region has never experienced the rapid development before this time. The main reason is the choice of Panvel by people in nearby urban and sub

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 17 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 urban areas. Both the residential and industrial developments are taking place at a great pace in and around Panvel. Panvel is surrounded by some major MIDC managed regions e.g. Patalganga, Taloja, Nagothane, Roha. The JNPT port is also located near Panvel. The Dhutpapeshwar Trust, whose trustees are manufacturers of ayurvedic medicines, is based at Panvel. However, none of the industries are governed under PMC.

2.2.1: INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT & ITS IMPACT Great impact has been seen on the Panvel residents due to the neighboring MIDC zones and New Panvel. There has an increase in the employment rate due to the urban and industrial development in the surroundings of Panvel.

The bulk of the people are husbandmen, shop-keepers, rice-cleaners, carpenter, laborers and fishermen. The population of the town according to the 1951 census was 14,861 of which the agricultural classes numbered 1,169 and the non agricultural 13,692. Of the latter, persons deriving their livelihood from production other than cultivation numbered 3,845; out of which 3,036 from commerce; 1,022 from transport and 5,789 from other services and miscellaneous sources. Before the railway was opened, Panvel was a centre of trade between Pune and Mumbai. Rice and other produce still come down the Bor pass by road, and the town contains a number of merchants, brokers and porters. The local production of salt has of late been much reduced. The chief local industry is the making of cart wheels. The nave is of Acacia catechu or Khair wood and the rest of teak.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 18 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 CHAPTER 3 AIR ENVIRONMENT

3.1: AIR ENVIRONMENT Air pollution is the presence of one or more contaminants in the atmosphere in such a quantity and for such a duration which is injurious, to human health or welfare, animal or plant life. It is the contamination of air by the discharge of harmful substances. Air pollution can cause health problems and it can also damage the environment and property. It has caused thinning of the protective ozone layer of the atmosphere, which is leading to climate change. Modernization and progress have led to air getting more and more polluted over the years. Industries, vehicles, increase in the population and urbanization are some of the major factors responsible for air pollution.

For the purpose of Environment Status Report in Panvel air monitoring was carried out at various locations which include different types of areas under both residential and commercial category.

3.2: SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION Air pollutants consist of gaseous pollutants, odors and SPM (Suspended Particulate Matter) such as dust, fumes and smoke. The concentration of these in and near the urban areas causes severe pollution to the surroundings. The largest sources of human created air pollution are energy generation, transportation and industries that use a great deal of energy sources. Depending on their source and interactions with other components of the air, they can have different chemical compositions and health impacts. Since these pollutants are generally concentrated in and around urban areas, the outdoor urban pollution levels are far higher than in the rural area. Fires are another major source of air pollution and can lead to severe problems if the smoke is inhaled for a period of time. These fires can either be forest fires, oil well fires, burning of leaves into the backyard or as in the case of rural areas, large scale burning of agricultural waste. Other sources include industries and power plants located in these areas.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 19 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Table 3.1: Common atmospheric pollution sources and their pollutants

Category Source Emitting Pollutants Agriculture Open burning Suspended Particulate Matter, carbon monoxide, Volatile Organic Compounds Power Electricity, Suspended Particulate Matter, Sulphur dioxide, Oxides of generation gas, steam nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, Volatile Organic Compounds, Sulphur trioxide, lead Combustion Suspended Particulate Matter, Sulphur dioxide, Oxides of Transport engines nitrogen, carbon monoxide, Volatile Organic Compounds, lead Community Municipal Suspended Particulate Matter, Sulphur dioxide, Oxides of service incinerators nitrogen, carbon monoxide, Volatile Organic Compounds, lead

Indoor air pollution can be particularly hazardous to health as it is released in close proximity to people. It is stated that a pollutant which is released indoors is many times more likely to reach the lung than that released outdoors. In the developing countries a fairly large portion of the population is dependent on biomass for their energy requirements. These include wood, charcoal, agricultural residue and animal waste. Open fires used for cooking and heating are commonly found in the household both in the rural and the urban area. The stove is often at floor level, adding to the risk of accident and the hygiene factor. In addition, they are often not fitted with a chimney to remove the pollutant.

In such households the children and women are most likely to be affected; as they are the group that spends more time indoors. The main pollutant in this environment is SPM (Suspended Particulate Matter). In fact, death due to indoor air pollution, mainly particulate matters, in the respiratory infections in children; others are due to cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer and chronic respiratory diseases in adults. If emissions are high and ventilation is poor, household use of coal and biomass can severely affects the indoor air quality.

Household use of fossil fuel is also fairly common in the developing countries, particularly coal. They are particularly damaging as they burn inefficiently and emit considerable quantities of air pollutants. If emissions are high and ventilation is poor, then the exposure levels to the gases emitted are far higher. The most harmful of the gases and agents that are emitted are particulate matter, carbon dioxide, polycyclic organic matter and formaldehyde. The indoor concentrations of these are far higher than the acceptable levels and are cause for concern in rural areas.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 20 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 3.3: HEALTH IMPACT OF SPECIFIC AIR POLLUTANTS Some of these gases can seriously and adversely affect the health of the population and should be given due attention by the concerned authority. The gases mentioned below are mainly outdoor air pollutants but some of them can do occur indoor depending on the source and the circumstances.

Tobacco smoke: Tobacco smoke generates a wide range of harmful chemical and is a major cause of ill health, as it is known to cause cancer, not only to the smoker but affecting passive smokers too. It is well known that smoking affects the passive smokers (the person who is in the vicinity of a smoker and is not himself / herself a smoker) and the effects range from burning sensation in the eyes or nose and throat irritation to cancer, bronchitis, severe asthma and a decrease in lung function.

Biological pollutants: These are mostly allergens that can cause asthma, high fever and other allergic diseases.

Volatile Organic Compounds: Volatile compounds can cause irritation of the eyes, nose and throat. In severe cases there may be headaches, nausea and loss of coordination. In the longer run, some of them are suspected to cause damage to the liver and other parts of the body.

Formaldehyde: Exposure causes irritation to the eyes, nose and may cause allergies in some people.

Lead: Prolonged exposure can cause damage to the nervous system, digestive problems and in some cases, causes cancer. It is especially hazardous to small children.

Radon: a radioactive gas that can accumulate inside the house. It originates from the rocks and soil under the house and its level is dominated by the outdoor air and also to some extent the other gases being emitted indoors. Exposure to this gas increases the risk of lung cancer.

Ozone: Exposure to this gas makes eyes itchy, causes burn and watery eyes. It is also associated with increase in respiratory disorders such as asthma. It lowers our resistance to colds and pneumonia.

Oxides of nitrogen: The gas can make children susceptible to respiratory diseases in the winters.

Carbon monoxide: This gas combines with hemoglobin to lessen the amount of oxygen that enters our blood through our lungs. The binding with other haeme proteins causes changes in the function of the affected organs such as the brain and the cardiovascular system and also the developing foetus. It can impair our concentration, slow our reflexes and makes us confused and sleepy.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 21 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Sulphur dioxide : SO 2 (Sulphur dioxide) in the air is caused due to the rise in combustion of fossil fuels. It can oxidize and form sulphuric acid mist, SO 2 in the air leads to diseases of the lung and other lung disorders such as wheezing and shortness of breath. Long term effects are more difficult to ascertain as SO 2 exposure is often combined with that of SPM.

SPM (Suspended Particulate Matter ): Suspended matter consists of dust, fumes, mist and smoke. The main chemical components of SPM that is of major concern is lead, others being nickel, arsenic and those present in diesel exhaust. These particles when breathed in, lodge in our lung tissues and cause lung damage and respiratory problems. The importance of SPM as a major pollutant needs special emphasis as;

i) It affects more people globally than any other pollutant on a continuous basis ii) There is more monitoring data available on this than any other pollutant on and iii) More epidemiological evidence has been collected on the exposure to this than to any other pollutant.

3.4: RESPIRABLE SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER Particulate matter is characterized according to size -mainly because of the different health effects associated with particles of different diameters. Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of tiny particles that consist of dry solid fragments, solid cores with liquid coatings and small droplets of liquid. It includes aerosols, smoke, fumes, dust, ash and pollen. These particles vary greatly in shape, size and chemical composition and can be made up of many different materials such as metals, soot, soil and dust. Particles of 10 microns or less in diameter are defined as “Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter”. Respirable particulates, lodge in the lung capillaries and alveoli, causing adverse health effects. The composition of particulate matter varies with place, season and weather conditions.

3.5: SULPHUR DIOXIDE

Sulphur dioxide or SO 2 belongs to the family of sulphur oxide gases SO x. These gases dissolve easily in water. Sulphur is prevalent in all raw materials, including crude oil, coal and ore that contain common metals like aluminum, copper, zinc, lead and iron. SO x gases are formed when fuel containing sulphur, such as coal and oil, is burned and when gasoline is extracted from oil or metals are extracted from ore. SO 2 dissolves in water vapor to form acid, and interacts with other gases and particles in the air to form sulphates and other products that can be harmful to people and their environment.

3.6: NITROGEN OXIDES

An oxide of nitrogen or NO x is the generic term for a group of highly reactive gases, all of which contain nitrogen and oxygen in varying amounts. Many of the nitrogen oxides are Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 22 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 colorless and odorless. However, one common pollutant, nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) along with particles in the air can often be seen as a reddish brown layer over much urban area. The primary manmade sources of NO x are motor vehicles, electric utilities and other industrial, commercial and residential sources that burn fuels. NO x can also be formed naturally.

3.7: SAMPLING LOCATIONS Ambient Air Monitoring was carried out for 10 locations:

Table No. 3.2: Sampling locations

SR.NO. SAMPLING LOCATION 1 Nr. PMC Office 2 Patel Mohalla 3 Nr. S.T. Stand 4 Nr. Panchmukhi Maruti Mandir 5 Uran Naka Fish Market 6 Rotary Circle 7 Kapad Bazar 8 Khanda Colony 9 New Panvel Bridge 10 Nr. H O C Colony

Air Monitoring Nr. PMC Office

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 23 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Air Monitoring at New Panvel Bridge

Air Monitoring at Patel Mohalla

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 24 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Air Monitoring Nr. S.T. Stand

Air Monitoring at Rotary Circle

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 25 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Air Monitoring Nr. Kapad Bazar

Air Monitoring Nr. Panchmukhi Maruti Mandir Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 26 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Air Monitoring at Uran Naka Fish Market

Nr. HOC Colony

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 27 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Nr. Khanda Colony

Table No. 3.3: Average analysis results of Ambient Air samples in May 2014

CONCENTRATIONS SR. SAMPLING SAMPLING SITES NO. PERIOD RSPM SO X NO X (hrs) (100 µg/cum)* (80µg/cum) (80µg/cum) 1 Nr. Corporation Office 8 71 19 25 2 Patel Mohalla 8 46 14 23 3 Nr. S.T. Stand 8 88 28 32 4 Nr. Panchmukhi Maruti Mandir 8 76 33 69 5 Uran Naka Fish Market 8 76 22 40 6 Rotary Circle 8 63 25 43 7 Kapad Bazar 8 73 24 30 8 Khanda Colony 8 77 21 38 9 New Panvel Bridge 8 81 31 34 10 Nr. H O C Colony 8 80 16 24 *NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS, PART III- SECTION IV

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 28 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Parameters:

1. RSPM (Respiratory Suspended Particulate Matters): Are tiny pieces of solid or liquid matter associated with the Earth's atmosphere. They are suspended in the atmosphere as atmospheric aerosol. They are of diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less in size. Some particulates occur naturally Originating, dust storms, forest and grassland fires, living vegetation, and sea spray. Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels in vehicles, power plants and various industrial processes also generate significant amounts of particulates. They can adversely affect human health and also have impacts on climate and precipitation.

2. NO x (Oxides of Nitrogen): The term NO x means the total concentration of NO and NO 2. In areas of high motor vehicle traffic, the amount of nitrogen oxides emitted into the

atmosphere as air pollution can be significant. NO x gases are formed whenever combustion occurs in the presence of nitrogen – as in an air-breathing engine; they also are produced

naturally by lightning in atmospheric chemistry. NOx gases react to form smog and acid rain as well.

3. SO x (Oxides of Sulphur): The term SO x means sulfur and oxygen containing compounds

such as SO, SO 2, SO 3, S 7O2, S 6O2, S 2O2, etc. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulphur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant and has significant impacts upon human health.

Figure 3.1: Chart showing Comparative Average Analysis of RSPM in Ambient air samples in May 2014

RSPM 120

100

60 RSPM LIMIT 40

CONCENTRATION (µg/m3) 20

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 29 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Figure 3.2: Chart showing Comparative Average Analysis of SO x in Ambient air samples in May 2014 SOx 90 80 70 60 50

40 SOx 30 LIMIT 20 CONCENTRATION (µg/m3) 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 LOCATION

Figure 3.3: Chart showing Comparative Average Analysis of NO x in Ambient air samples in May 2014

NOx 90 80 ) 3 70 60 50

40 Nox 30 LIMIT 20 CONCENTRATION (µg/m 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 LOCATION

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 30 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 CHAPTER 4 WATER ENVIRONMENT

4.1: INTRODUCTION Water is a common chemical compound that is essential to all known forms of life. About 1,460 Teratonnes (Tt) of water cover 71% of Earth’s surface, with 1.6% of water below ground in aquifers and 0.001% in the air as vapour, clouds and precipitation. Saltwater oceans hold 97% of surface water, glaciers and polar ice caps 2.4% and other land surface water such as rivers and lakes 0.025%. When toxic substances enter lakes, streams, rivers, oceans and other water bodies, they get deposited on the bed. This results in the pollution of water whereby the quality of the water deteriorates, affecting aquatic ecosystems. Pollutants can also seep down and affect the groundwater deposits.

Panvel is having a variety of water bodies nearby such as river, lake, bore well and nallah. They are regularly monitored to check the pollution levels. Virtually all types of water pollution are harmful to the health of humans and animals. Water pollution may not damage our health immediately but can be harmful after long term exposure. Different forms of pollutants affect the health of animals in different ways.

Industrial waste often contains many toxic compounds that damage the health of aquatic animals and those who eat them. Some of the toxins in industrial waste may only have a mild effect whereas other can be fatal. They can cause immune suppression, reproductive failure, or acute poisoning. Organic matter and nutrients cause an increase in aerobic algae and depletes oxygen from the water column. This causes the suffocation of fish and other aquatic organisms. Sulphate particles in freshwater reduces the quality of drinking water for humans and the aquatic environment for marine life. Suspended particles can often reduce the amount of sunlight penetrating the water, disrupting the growth of photosynthetic plants and micro organisms. In order to assess the water quality in Panvel area different types of water samples namely river, lake, well, tap water and nallah water were collected from different location and analyzed.

4.2: WATER QUALITY

4.2.1: RIVER WATER Rivers are flowing bodies of waters. Rivers are an important part of the Earth’s water cycle and the sculpting of the Earth’s topography as they carry huge quantities of water from the land to the sea. Rivers have been used as a source of water, for obtaining food, for transport, as a Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 31 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 defensive measure, as a source of hydropower to drive machinery, for bathing and as a means of disposing of waste.

4.2.2: LAKE WATER Lake is low-lying part of the Earth’s surface in which rainwater, surface water run-off outflow from a river and water from other sources accumulates. Almost half of the world’s lakes are degraded, depleted and contaminated mainly by human activities. The main causes are inflow of domestic sewage, agricultural run-off and discharge of industrial effluents, over fishing and introduction of exotic species and habitat degradation from population growth, expansion of cities.

This year in June, 2014 there was rainfall of 237.6mm.

Darga near Devale Lake near PMC Office

4.2.3 MUNICIPAL WATER Panvel Municipal Council has its own earthen Dam, Dehrang near Gadheshwar on the River Gadhi. The water storage capacity of the same is 3.57 M. Cum. The height of the Dam is 36mtrs. And it covers around 277 acres of area. It has Storage of approximately 9 to 10 months as per WTP capacity. The Water comes to WTP in Panvel by gravity through close PSC (Concrete) pipeline of 500mm Dia. The Dam water is not sufficient to meet the total requirement. There are limitations of the pipeline and the insufficient capacity of the WTP (16MLD) to carry and treat the water of required quantity to supply to Panvel Town. Therefore to meet the requirement of water supply of Panvel, the additional water sources can be identified the pipeline of required size can be laid and the WTP of required capacity can be installed.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 32 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 In addition to this PMC has to get the water from the following sources is availed to meet the daily demand of water of Panvel Town:

QUANTITY IN QUANTITY IN Sr. No. SOURCE MLD (when dam MLD (when dam is full) is dry) 1 MJP 5.00 17.00 2 MIDC 9.00 9.00 3 CIDCO 0.50 0.50

1 2

3 4 Water Treatment Plant (WTP) near Panvel ST Depot

There are about 37 public and private wells which supplement the river water. The Panvel Water Supply Improvement Scheme was undertaken in two stages. The first stage consisted in building a six feet high dam on the Gadhi and brining the water thus collected through Hume pipes to Panvel.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 33 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Dehrang Dam (1)

Dehrang Dam (2)

At Panvel, a large storage tank 30 feet in height and with a capacity of 1, 50,000 gallons has been built to store the water and from here the water is taken through small pipes for distribution in the residential areas. The first stage was completed in 1946 at a cost of Rs.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 34 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 6,29,758 and supplied per head about 15 gallons of water. The second stage envisaged in the scheme is being implemented and is expected to supply 30 gallons of water on its completion.

At Thana Naka Road a new overhead water tank of 8 lac liter capacity has been constructed and inaugurated in 2012. A new overhead water tank of 9 lac liter capacity has been constructed near Hutatma Smarak to supply the water for Tapal Naka, Uran Road, Bhaji Market & Lain Ali.

Overhead Water Tank near Hutatma Smarak.

4.2.4: NALAH (WASTE WATER) Nalah water (waste water) is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. It is comprises liquid waste discharged by residential premises (domestic), commercial properties; industry and/ or from agriculture and can encompass a wide range of potential contaminants. In the most common usage, it refers to the municipal waste

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 35 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 water that contains a broad spectrum of contaminants resulting from the mixing of waste waters from different sources.

Sewage is correctly the subset of waste water that is contaminated with feces or urine, but is often used to mean any waste water. “Sewage” includes domestic, municipal or industrial liquid waste products disposed of, usually via a pipe or sewer or similar structure, sometimes in cesspool emptier. The physical infrastructure, including pipes, pumps, and screens, channels etc. used to convey sewage from its origin to the point of eventual treatment or disposal is termed as sewerage. The waste water in the town is carried away thorough kutcha gutters. An underground drainage scheme for the town is now under way.

Under this scheme of underground sewerage lines of 41.908 km has been laid in the Panvel Town with 1029 manholes constructed on it. All the sewer lines network has been already completed.

4.3: SAMPLING LOCATIONS Sampling of water was carried out at 10 locations each for Water, Drinking Water and Waste Water as listed below. Water samples of Gadhi River, Lakes, Drinking Water Sources and Nalah were collected.

Table No. 4.1: Sampling sites/ locations

Sr. No. Sample type Locations Gadhi River (Under Bridge Wadhghar) Gadhi River (Under Bridge Highway) Well near Virupaksh Mandir Well near Lokhande Pada 1 River and Lakes Well near Urdu School Lendale Lake in Patel Mohalla Israyale Lake Vadale Lake near Ballaleshwar Mandir Krishnale Lake near Bhaji Market Devale Lake near corporation office Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (MJP) 2 Drinking MIDC Gadeshwar Dam Inlet sample Treated Gadeshwar Dam Water sample Hari Om Water Tank Patel Mohalla Koli Wada Kachi Mohalla Maruti Mandir Lainaali Hutatma Samarak Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 36 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Nr. PMC Office ST Stand 3 Nallah Patel Mohalla Market Yard Maruti Mandir Lainaali Kachi Mohalla

M G Road Sai Nagar Bhaji Market STP inlet/outlet Thana Road

Vadale Lake Israyale Lake

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 37 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Krishnale Lake Ghadi River (Nr. Wadhghar)

Table No.4.2: Average Analysis results of River & Lake Water Samples in May 2014

River Well SR. Well Well Well NO. PARAMETER UNITS LIMITS Nr. Nr. (Virupaksh (Lokhande (Urdu Wadhghar Highway Mandir) Pada) School) 1 pH - 5.5 -9.0 7.1 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.1

2 TSS mg/L < 100 55.0 50.0 35.0 60.0 45.0

3 BOD mg/L < 30 139 113 11 15 16

4 COD mg/L < 250 556 486 48 60 64

5 O & G mg/L < 5 - - - - -

SR. LAKE NO. PARAMETER UNITS LIMITS Israyal Lendale Devale Krishnale Vadale 1 pH 5.5 -9.0 7.8 7.4 7.1 7.3 6.8

2 TSS mg/L < 100 60.0 65.0 55.0 75.0 70.0

3 BOD mg/L < 30 32 11 26 17 25

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 38 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

4 COD mg/L < 250 116 56 108 68 96

5 O & G mg/L < 5 - - - - -

Parameter Analyzed:

4. pH: It is the indicator of acidity or alkalinity of the water. Its value is between 0-14. The water with pH value of 7 is said to be neutral and its Tolerance range for Aquatic water is 5.5-9.0.

2. TSS (Total Suspended Solid ): It is the concentration of free suspended solids present in the water. It is measured in mg/l. Its Tolerance range for Aquatic water is100mg/l

5. COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand ): It is the indirect measure of organic matter present in the water. It is measured in mg/l. Its Tolerance range for Aquatic water is250mg/l

6. BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand ): It is the indirect measure of bio degradable organic matter present in the water. It is measured in mg/l. Its Tolerance range for Aquatic water is 30mg/l

7. O&G (Oil & Grease ): It is the amount of oil & grease present in the water. It is measured in mg/l. Its Tolerance range for Aquatic water is 5mg/l

Figure 4.1: Bar chart Showing Average Analysis of River & Lake Water samples in May 2014

800 700 600 500 400 300 O & G 200 COD

CONCENTRATION (mg/L) 100 BOD 0 TSS pH

LOCATION

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 39 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Drinking Water (Lainali) Drinking Water (Hutatma Smarak)

WTP (Inlet) Well Nr. Virupaksh Mandir

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 40 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Well near Urdu School

Table No. 4.3: Average Analysis results of Drinking water Samples in May 2014

DRINKING WATER Sr. PARAMETER UNITS LIMITS Dehrang Dam Hari Om No. MIDC MJP Water Tank Inlet Treated

1 pH - 6.5 – 8.5 7.0 7.1 6.8 6.2 7.1

2 TSS Mg/l - 35 Nil Nil Nil Nil

3 BOD Mg/l - Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

4 COD Mg/l - 8 2 Nil Nil 3

5 O & G Mg/l - Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

6 Turbidity NTU < 5 40 2.8 2.7 2.3 2.8 Residual 7 Mg/l <0.2 Chlorine 0.00 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.06

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 41 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

DRINKING WATER Sr. PARAM UNITS LIMITS Maruti No. ETER Patel Koli Kachi Mandir Hutatma Mohalla Wada Mohalla Lainali Smarak

1 pH NA 6.5 - 8.5 7.1 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.2

2 TSS Mg/l - Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

3 BOD Mg/l - Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

4 COD Mg/l - Nil 2 Nil 2 Nil

5 O & G Mg/l - Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

6 Turbidity NTU < 5 2.7 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.9 Residual 7 Chlorine Mg/l <0.2 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.08 Parameter Analyzed:

1. pH: It is the indicator of acidity or alkalinity of the water. Its value is between 0-14. The water with pH value of 7 is said to be neutral and its acceptable range for drinking water is 6.5-8.5.

2. Turbidity: It is the index of transparency of the water. It is measured in NTU. It’s acceptable range for drinking water is <5NTU

3. Residual Chlorine: The presence of chlorine residual in drinking water indicates that a sufficient amount of chlorine was added initially to the water to inactivate the bacteria and some viruses that cause diarrheal disease and the water is protected from recontamination during storage. The presence of free residual chlorine in drinking water is correlated with the absence of disease-causing organisms and thus is a measure of the portability of water. Its acceptable range for drinking water is <0.2 mg/l.

Figure 4.2: Bar chart Showing Average Analysis of Drinking water samples in May 2014

45.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 pH 15.0 10.0 TSS 5.0 0.0 BOD COD CONCENTRATION (mg/L) O&G Residual Chlorine Turbidity

LOCATION

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 42 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

STP Inlet Near PMC Office(Nalah)

Near Patel Mohalla (Nalah) Kachchi Mohalla (Nalah)

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 43 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Thana Road (Nalah) Sai Nagar (Nalah)

Table No. 4.4: Average Analysis results of Nalah Water Samples in May 2014

NALAH WATER SR.NO. PARAMETER UNITS LIMITS Nr. Maruti ST Patel Market PMC Mandir, Stand Mohalla Yard Office Lainali 1 pH - 5.5 – 9.0 7.2 8.1 7.5 7.5 7.0 2 TSS mg/L < 100 55 70 50 80 55 3 BOD mg/L < 100 36 150 44 12 36 4 COD mg/L < 250 176 552 268 64 240 5 O & G mg/L < 10 - 0.3 - 0.2 -

NALAH WATER SR. PARAME UNIT LIMIT NO. TER S S Kachi MG Sai Bhaji Thana STP STP Mohalla Road Nagar Market Road inlet outlet 5.5 – 1 pH - 9.0 6.2 6.9 7.0 7.5 7.2 7.1 7.1

2 TSS mg/L < 100 90 85 65 135 55 120 45

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 44 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

3 BOD mg/L < 100 112 28 32 24 20 16 10

4 COD mg/L < 250 476 196 196 188 1 64 44

5 O & G mg/L < 10 - - - 0.4 - - - Parameter Analyzed:

1. pH: It is the indicator of acidity or alkalinity of the water. Its value is between 0-14. The water with pH value of 7 is said to be neutral and standard norm for discharge for sewage water is 5.5-9.0

2. TSS ( Total Suspended Solid ): It is the concentration of free suspended solids present in the water. It is measured in mg/l. standard norm for discharge for sewage water is <100.mg/l

3. COD ( Chemical Oxygen Demand ): It is the indirect measure of organic matter present in the water. It is measured in mg/l. standard norm for discharge for sewage water is <250 mg/l

4. BOD ( Biochemical Oxygen Demand ): It is the indirect measure of bio degradable organic matter present in the water. It is measured in mg/l. standard norm for discharge for sewage water is <100 mg/l.

5. O&G ( Oil & Grease ): It is the amount of oil & grease present in the water. It is measured in mg/l. standard norm for discharge for sewage water is <10 mg/l.

Figure 4.3: Bar chart Showing Average Analysis of Nalah water samples in May 2014

600

500

400

300 pH 200 TSS

CONCENTRATION (mg/L) BOD 100 COD 0 O & G

LOCATION

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 45 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 CHAPTER 5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

5.1: NOISE ENVIRONMENT Noise pollution is displeasing human or machine created sound that disrupts the environment. The overarching source of most noise worldwide is generated by transportation systems, principally motor vehicle noise. Besides transportation noise, other prominent sources are office equipment, factory machinery, appliances, power tools, audio entertainment systems, etc.

In Panvel noise levels are monitored in different sectors such as Residential, Commercial and Industrial area during Day time, Afternoon and Night time intervals. Noise levels are recorded with the help of Noise level meter.

5.2: NOISE SAMPLING LOCATIONS Noise level monitoring was carried out for 10 locations during Day, Afternoon & Night Time as listed below:

Table 5.1: Sampling locations for measuring Noise level

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 46 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Table No. 5.2: Average Noise levels measured during Day, Afternoon & Night time in May 2014

DAY NIGHT NIGHT DAY TIME TIME TIME TIME SR. NOISE NOISE NOISE LOCATIONS NOISE NO. LEVEL LEVEL LEVEL LEVEL (dB) LIMIT LIMIT (dB) (dB) (dB) 1 Nr. PMC Office 71.2 47.4 65 55 2 Patel Mohalla 60.2 45.6 55 45 3 Nr. S.T. Stand 61.7 55.9 65 55 Nr. Panchmukhi Maruti 4 Mandir 67.8 55.1 65 55 5 Uran Naka Fish Market 66.2 50.6 65 55 6 Rotary Circle 62.2 58.9 65 55 7 Kapad Bazar 63.9 45.2 65 55 8 Khanda Colony 61.8 51.1 65 55 9 New Panvel Bridge 67.1 55.4 65 55 10 Nr. HOC Colony 65.3 44.8 55 45

Standard Norms of Noise Levels

Code Area Day time (dB) Night time (dB) A Industrial area 75 70 B Commercial area 65 55 C Residential area 55 45 D Silence Zone 50 40

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 47 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Figure 5.1: Bar chart showing Average Noise Levels (During Day time) in May 2014

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Noise Level Noise(dB) 10 0 Day Time Day Time Limit

Location

Figure 5.2: Bar chart showing Average Noise Levels (During Night time) in May 2014

70 60 50 40 30 20 Noise Level NoiseLevel (dB) 10 0 Night Time Night Time Limit

Location

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 48 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 CHAPTER 6 TEMPERATURE

6.1: INTRODUCTION Between 1901 and 2007, over the past 100 years, a mean temperature rise of 1.62 C, which can be attributed to a variety of human activities, from infrastructural development, concretization of roads, urbanization and so on. High temperatures and a moisture laden atmosphere lead to high humidity, increasing the prevalence of the diseases.

On an average, the warmest month in Panvel is May, the average coolest month is January and the most precipitation occurs in July.

Table No. 6.1: Sampling Locations for measuring Temperature

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 49 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Table No. 6.2: Avg. Temperature measured during Day, Afternoon & Night Time in May 2014

Day Time Afternoon Time Night Time Ambient Air Ambient Air Ambient Air SR. NO. LOCATIONS Temperature Temperature Temperature Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min.

1 Nr. PMC Office 32.0 28.0 34.5 25.8 30.0 26.0 2 Patel Mohalla 34.5 26.0 34.5 25.8 30.2 26.2 3 Nr. S.T. Stand 32.2 26.2 34.7 27.9 30.0 25.0 Nr. Panchmukhi Maruti 4 Mandir 32.0 29.0 34.6 28.5 30.5 26.0 5 Uran Naka Fish Market 31.0 30.0 34.7 27.9 31.1 26.2 6 Rotary Circle 33.5 30.0 34.7 27.9 30.0 24.0 7 Kapad Bazar 32.5 30.5 34.5 28.2 30.2 26.1 8 Khanda Colony 33.1 30.5 34.6 28.0 30.5 25.9 9 New Panvel Bridge 32.5 26.1 34.8 27.5 30.1 25.5 10 Near HOC Colony 32.5 25.5 34.5 25.8 31.0 24.0

Figure No. 6.1: Bar chart showing Average Values of Temperature during Day Time in May 2014 40

20 Max. 15 Min. TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE (⁰ C) 10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 LOCATIONS

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 50 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Figure No. 6.2: Bar chart showing Average Values of Temperature during Afternoon Time in May2014

20 Maximum 15 Minimum TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE (⁰ C) 10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 LOCATIONS

Figure No. 6.3: Bar chart showing Average Values of Temperature during Night Time in May 2014 35

15 Maximum

Noise Level Noise(dB) Minimum 10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Location

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 51 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 CHAPTER 7 BOTANICAL SURVERY

7.1: INTRODUCTION A tree survey is an important survey that is performed on private or public landscapes. The goal of the survey is to provide useful information on the trees so that property managers or homeowners can make informed decisions. Based on the information that they receive from the survey, they may then decided what to do with the trees. A tree survey contains all kinds of detailed information about the trees. The survey will reveal information such as:

Species of the tree based on scientific name Total numbers of trees Management recommendations

In addition, a tree survey can also point out certain hazards. For example, a tree may fall any moment (especially when there is a strong wind or foul weather) due to fungal decay. In this case, it is better to have the tree remove. These are safety aspects that need to be taken care off.

In general, a comprehensive tree survey will give you a good sense of what is on a particular piece of land. Sound decisions can then be made in the best interests of all parties, including the relevant authorities. We believe that well conducted initial surveys are the bedrock of focused and cost-effective project-inputs, whether to local development, ESR preparation, conservation management or habitat creation.

In Panvel, total coverage area is 3.63 sq. km. of which 80-90% is covered by plantation; Botanical Survey is carried out in different sectors such as Residential & Commercial area.

7.2: WARD WISE TREE COUNTING

Table No. 7.1: Detailed Tree Counting Report for Wards – 1, 2, 3

Sr. Ward Number Name of Tree Botanical Name No. 1 2 3 1 Acacia Acacia arabica 16 0 0 2 Amba Mangifera indica 169 125 93 3 Ashok Plyalthia longifolia 163 187 150 4 Avala Emblica officinalis 12 0 4 5 Badam Terminalia catappa 126 170 185 6 Bakul Mimusopa elengi 0 0 0 7 Banana Terminalia catappa 60 8 16

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 52 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

8 Bel Aegle marmelos 17 16 23 9 Bor Zizyphus mauritiana 26 34 13 10 Bottle palm Roystonea scholaris 200 83 133 11 Chikoo Anchrasa sapota 59 22 8 12 Chinch Tamarindus indica 90 20 35 13 Fanus Artocarpus integrifolia 80 12 14 14 Gulmohar Delonix regia 35 4 3 15 Jambhul Eugenia jambolana 35 25 27 16 Kadunimb Azardirachta indica 30 62 95 17 Karanja Pongamia glabra 10 0 0 18 Naral Cococs nusifera 140 170 190 19 Nilgiri Eucalyptus globules 45 43 60 20 Nirgudi Vitex nigundo 10 0 0 Pandhara 21 Chafa Plumeria acuminate 15 74 55 22 Papaya Carica papaya 34 0 13 23 Peru Pisidium guajava 60 57 50 24 Pimpal Ficus religiosa 40 96 27 25 Prajakta Nyctanthes arbortistis 24 17 18 26 Rain tree Pithecolibium saman 0 33 0 27 Ramfal Annona reticulate 26 17 40 28 Sag Tectona grandis 17 2 4 29 Saptarpani Alstinia schlaris 0 0 2 30 Shevga Moringa oleifera 30 38 32 31 Sitafal Annona squamosa 27 56 26 32 Sonchapha Michelia champaca 3 97 28 33 Subabhul Leucaena leucocephala 95 58 62 34 Supari Aereca catechu 0 0 14 35 Suru Casuarinas equisetifolia 0 0 0 36 Tad Borassus flabelifer 31 12 50 37 Umbar Ficus glomerata 110 44 42 Vilayti 38 Chincha Pithecolobium dulce 80 21 6 39 Wad Ficus bengalensis 10 18 2 40 Xmas tree Araucaria excelsa 18 0 0 41 Other - 556 420 338 TOTAL TREES 2499 2041 1858

Table No. 7.1: Detailed Tree Counting Report for Wards – 4, 5, 6

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 53 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Sr. Ward Number Name of Tree Botanical Name No. 4 5 6 1 Acacia Acacia arabica 22 0 3 2 Amba Mangifera indica 59 28 283 3 Ashok Plyalthia longifolia 112 74 260 4 Avala Emblica officinalis 4 7 1 5 Badam Terminalia catappa 97 57 224 6 Bakul Mimusopa elengi 0 4 0 7 Banana Terminalia catappa 12 7 85 8 Bel Aegle marmelos 0 9 8 9 Bor Zizyphus mauritiana 8 1 22 10 Bottle palm Roystonea scholaris 74 58 145 11 Chikoo Anchrasa sapota 9 8 26 12 Chinch Tamarindus indica 4 4 28 13 Fanus Artocarpus integrifolia 6 17 35 14 Gulmohar Delonix regia 1 5 65 15 Jambhul Eugenia jambolana 23 26 76 16 Kadunimb Azardirachta indica 13 19 37 17 Karanja Pongamia glabra 0 3 13 18 Naral Cococs nusifera 115 125 143 19 Nilgiri Eucalyptus globules 10 15 18 20 Nirgudi Vitex nigundo 12 5 6 21 Pandhara Chafa Plumeria acuminate 8 38 0 22 Papaya Carica papaya 11 6 50 23 Peru Pisidium guajava 13 12 12 24 Pimpal Ficus religiosa 23 35 44 25 Prajakta Nyctanthes arbortistis 3 12 13 26 Rain tree Pithecolibium saman 29 16 55 27 Ramfal Annona reticulate 3 3 7 28 Sag Tectona grandis 0 2 22 29 Saptarpani Alstinia schlaris 35 60 7 30 Shevga Moringa oleifera 13 22 28 31 Sitafal Annona squamosa 4 7 42 32 Sonchapha Michelia champaca 0 3 11 33 Subabhul Leucaena leucocephala 17 15 102 34 Supari Aereca catechu 20 46 103 35 Suru Casuarinas equisetifolia 18 3 2 36 Tad Borassus flabelifer 3 1 48 37 Umbar Ficus glomerata 17 8 75

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 54 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

38 Vilayti Chincha Pithecolobium dulce 11 2 35 39 Wad Ficus bengalensis 7 17 27 40 Xmas tree Araucaria excelsa 7 2 3 41 Other - 183 165 102 TOTAL TREES 1006 947 2266

Table No. 7.1: Detailed Tree Counting Report for Wards – 7, 8, 9 & 10

Sr. Ward Number Name of Tree Botanical Name No. 7 8 9 10 1 Acacia Acacia arabica 7 4 3 0 2 Amba Mangifera indica 77 120 223 273 3 Ashok Plyalthia longifolia 98 257 230 523 4 Avala Emblica officinalis 3 0 0 3 6 Badam Terminalia catappa 60 85 132 181 7 Bakul Mimusopa elengi 7 0 0 0 8 Banana Musa acuminata 13 16 12 41 9 Bel Aegle marmelos 9 0 4 8 10 Bor Zizyphus mauritiana 7 8 17 19 11 Bottle palm Roystonea scholaris 70 69 53 167 12 Chikoo Anchrasa sapota 2 2 7 12 13 Chinch Tamarindus indica 5 4 9 43 14 Fanus Artocarpus integrifolia 7 23 13 29 15 Gulmohar Delonix regia 12 4 11 23 16 Jambhul Eugenia jambolana 8 33 31 103 17 Kadunimb Azardirachta indica 20 13 23 22 18 Karanja Pongamia glabra 15 2 13 25 19 Naral Cococs nusifera 90 147 152 436 20 Nilgiri Eucalyptus globules 13 13 49 22 21 Nirgudi Vitex nigundo 0 2 5 1 22 Pandhara Chafa Plumeria acuminate 3 2 3 24 23 Papaya Carica papaya 1 6 12 26 23 Peru Pisidium guajava 20 24 14 45 24 Pimpal Ficus religiosa 12 46 32 31 25 Prajakta Nyctanthes arbortistis 0 0 0 4 26 Rain tree Pithecolibium saman 8 56 67 31 27 Ramfal Annona reticulate 2 3 3 9 28 Sag Tectona grandis 6 1 0 0 29 Saptarpani Alstinia schlaris 0 118 177 0 Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 55 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

30 Shevga Moringa oleifera 15 24 32 21 31 Sitafal Annona squamosa 13 9 6 22 32 Sonchapha Michelia champaca 0 0 0 21 33 Subabhul Leucaena leucocephala 25 124 106 51 33 Supari Aereca catechu 3 78 19 24 34 Suru Casuarinas equisetifolia 0 2 9 3 35 Tad Borassus flabelifer 0 3 11 87 36 Umbar Ficus glomerata 14 53 16 24 37 Vilayti Chincha Pithecolobium dulce 0 8 6 4 38 Wad Ficus bengalensis 0 6 11 8 39 Xmas tree Araucaria excels 0 4 5 9 40 Other - 327 153 113 729 TOTAL TREES 972 1522 1629 3104 GRAND TOTAL OF TREES WARD 1 - 10 17844

7.3: LAKES & AQUATIC PLANTS Lake is a low-lying part of the Earth’s surface in which rainwater, surface water run-off, outflow from a river and water from other sources accumulates. Main Lakes found in Panvel include Lendale Lake (Nr. Co-operation office), Vadale Lake, Isryal Lake (Nr. Ballaleshwar Mandir), Krishanale Lake (Nr. Bhajji Market), and Devale Lake. These lakes are major recreational and bird watching centers for the local people. The different types of birds, flora, fauna, and fishes found near these lakes such as Purple moorhen, Phesant tailed jackana, Cormorants, Kingfishers, Weaver birds, Purple herons, Pond herons etc. Aquatic plants include typha, lily, lotus, algae, tape grass, ferns, reeds and rushes add to the beauty of the lakes. Fauna like freshwater turtle, frogs, crabs, mollusks are found. Fishes like common carp, grass carp, katla, rohu etc. are found.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 56 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 CHAPTER 8 SOIL ENVIRONMENT

8.1: DEFINITION Soil pollution is defined as the build-up of persistent toxic compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive materials or disease causing agents which have adverse effects on plant growth and animal health.

8.2: SOURCES OF SOIL POLLUTION There are various means of soil pollution like through improper disposal of solid waste, application of uncontrolled fertilizers & pesticides as well as improper planning of land use.

8.3: SOIL SAMPLING LOCATION Soil sampling was carried out for the following locations:

Table No. 8.1: Sampling sites/ Locations SR.NO. SAMPLING LOCATION 1 Nr. PMC Office 2 Patel Mohalla 3 Nr. S.T. Stand 4 Nr. Post Office 5 Uran Naka, Nr. MSW 6 Rotary Circle 7 H.O.C Colony 8 Khanda Colony 9 Nr. Dhoot Papeshwar Factory 10 Nr. Podi

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 58 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Nr. MSW Site (Uran Naka) Nr. PMC Office

Nr. Podi Nr. Dhoot Papeshwar Factory

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 59 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Nr. S.T. Stand Khanda Colony

Nr. Post Office H.O.C Colony

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 60 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 8.4: SOIL ANALYSIS REPORT Table No. 7.2: Average Soil Analysis results of Soil Samples in May 2014

SR. pH (20% EC ORGANIC SAMPLING SITES P O % K O% NO. SUSPENSION) mS/cm CARBON 2 5 2 1 Nr. PMC Office 6.9 175.8 0.52 0.018 0.19 2 Patel Mohalla 7.1 473.0 0.80 0.005 0.36 3 Nr. S.T. Stand 7.2 258.1 2.09 0.016 0.41 4 Nr. Post Office 7.2 65.2 0.69 0.011 0.24 5 Uran Naka, Nr. MSW 7.0 708.0 1.14 Nil 0.22 6 Rotary Circle 7.1 268.1 1.57 0.03 0.22 7 H.O.C Colony 7.2 170.5 0.26 0.011 0.36 8 Khanda Colony 6.9 725.0 3.69 Nil 0.80 Nr. Dhoot Papeshwar 9 Factory 6.9 167.6 0.86 0.009 0.22 10 Nr. Podi 7.1 33.5 0.24 0.014 0.60

Figure 8.1: Chart showing Average pH values of Soil samples in May 2014

7.25 7.2 7.15 7.1 7.05 7 6.95 pH values pH 6.9 6.85 6.8 6.75 pH

SAMPLING SITES

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 61 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 Figure 8.2: Chart showing Average Organic Carbon values of Soil samples in May 2014

SAMPLING SITES 0

0.5

1.5 Organic carbon 2

pH values pH 2.5

3.5

Figure 8.3: Chart showing Average EC values of Soil samples in May 2014

800 700 600 500 400

Values 300 200 100 0 EC

SAMPLING SITES

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 62 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 Figure 8.4: Chart showing Average K 2O, P 2O5 & Organic carbon values of Soil samples in May 2014.

3.5

2.5

1.5 Concentration% 1 Organic carbon P2O5 0.5 K2O 0

Locations

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 63 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 CHAPTER 9 TRAFFIC SURVERY

9.1: TRAFFIC COUNTING Planning of transportation at all levels require understanding of actual conditions which involves determination of vehicle or pedestrian numbers, vehicle types, vehicle speeds, vehicle weights as well as more substantial information such as trip length, trip purpose and trip frequency. The first group of data dealing with the characteristics of vehicle or people movement is obtained by undertaking traffic counts. Those related to measuring trips involving knowledge of origin and destination require more detailed surveys.

9.2: TRAFFIC SURVERY LOCATIONS Table No. 9.1: Survey Sites/ Locations

SR. NO. SURVEY LOCATION

1 Khanda Colony (Opp. Petrol pump)

2 Garden Hotel (Opp. IDBI ATM)

3 Amardham

4 V K High School

5 S T Stand (Near Ketki Hotel).

6 Ambedkar Chowk

7 Kohinoor Institute

8 Raigad Petrol Pump (Shahid Bhosale Auto Works) 9 Uran Road

10 New Panvel

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 64 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 Table No. 9.2: Average Result for Traffic Survey at Khanda Colony (Opp. Petrol pump) in May 2014

Vehicles 09am-04pm 04pm-11pm 11pm-08am Total Bicycle in 345 270 43 658

out 305 230 32 567 Light Vehicle Two in 1875 2245 1315 5435 Wheeler out 1535 2095 1180 4810

Three in 1250 1850 1085 4185 Wheeler 1185 1725 940 3850 out Car/Jeep in 1475 1825 710 4010

out 1040 1415 635 3090 Total 9010 11655 5940 26605 Buses/ in 695 605 31 1331 Heavy Trucks& out 590 435 34 1059 Vehicle Tempo Total 1285 1040 65 2390 Grand Total 28995

Traffic Survey Nr. Khanda Colony Traffic Survey at Kohinoor Institute

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 65 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 Table No. 9.3: Average Result for Traffic Survey at Garden Hotel in May 2014 Vehicles 09am-04pm 04pm-11pm 11pm-08am Total Bicycle in 12 25 8 45

out 24 39 10 73 Light Vehicle Two in 950 1593 643 3186 Wheeler out 1185 1671 640 3496

Three in 1035 1384 562 2981 Wheeler 1185 1464 492 3141 out Car/Jeep in 1185 1388 478 3051

out 1140 1366 473 2979 Total 6716 8930 3306 18952 Buses/ in 60 35 0 95 Heavy Trucks& out 41 36 0 77 Vehicle Tempo Total 101 71 0 172 Grand Total 19124

Table No. 9.4: Average Result for Traffic Survey at Amardham in May 2014 Vehicles 09am -04pm 04pm -11pm 11pm -08am Total Bicycle in 49 20 0 69

out 51 18 0 69 Light Vehicle Two in 735 855 468 2058 Wheeler out 856 1077 412 2345

Three in 149 305 282 736 Wheeler 144 258 120 522 out Car/Jeep in 185 373 145 703

out 238 254 95 587 Total 2407 3160 1522 7089 Buses/ in 16 13 3 32 Heavy Trucks& out 13 11 1 25 Vehicle Tempo Total 29 24 4 57 Grand Total 7146

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 66 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 Table No. 9.5: Average Result for Traffic Survey at V K High School in May 2014 Vehicles 09am-04pm 04pm-11pm 11pm-08am Total Bicycle in 114 85 6 205

out 97 84 7 188 Light Vehicle Two in 1350 1840 645 3835 Wheeler out 1115 1345 865 3325

Three in 850 588 380 1818 Wheeler 545 443 370 1358 out Car/Jeep in 741 805 340 1886

out 606 669 240 1515 Total 5418 5859 2853 14130 Buses/ in 78 43 0 121 Heavy Trucks& out 61 30 0 91 Vehicle Tempo Total 139 73 0 212 Grand Total 14342

Table No. 9.6: Average Result for Traffic Survey at S T Stand (Near Ketki Hotel) in May 2014 Vehicles 09am -04pm 04pm -11pm 11pm -08am Total Bicycle in 60 50 20 130

out 55 21 20 96 Light Vehicle Two in 2800 3620 1000 7420 Wheeler out 3270 3815 870 7930

Three in 1460 2045 845 4350 Wheeler 1405 2004 770 4179 out Car/Jeep in 630 1085 560 2275

out 430 785 560 1775 Total 10110 13425 4645 28180 Buses/ in 11 8 4 23 Heavy Trucks& out 1 3 4 8 Vehicle Tempo Total 12 11 8 31 Grand Total 28211

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 67 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 Table No. 9.7: Average Result for Traffic Survey at Ambedkar Chowk in May 2014 Vehicles 09am-04pm 04pm-11pm 11pm-08am Total Bicycle in 210 145 22 377

out 130 95 18 243 Light Vehicle Two in 1540 1205 1035 3780 Wheeler out 1650 1180 1095 3925

Three in 1680 1200 1005 3885 Wheeler 1660 1180 940 3780 out Car/Jeep in 1430 1170 587 3187

out 1430 1160 775 3365 Total 9730 7335 5477 22542 Buses/ in 265 180 18 463 Heavy Trucks& out 195 110 15 320 Vehicle Tempo Total 460 290 33 783 Grand Total 23325

Traffic Survey Ambedkar Road Traffic Survey Nr. Raigad Petrol Pump

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 68 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 Table No. 9.8: Average Result for Traffic Survey at Kohinoor Institute in May 2014 Vehicles 09am-04pm 04pm-11pm 11pm-08am Total Bicycle In 110 40 49 119

out 67 33 43 143 Light Vehicle Two In 2495 1260 1270 5025 Wheeler out 2186 1564 1195 4945

Three In 1484 1028 1165 3677 Wheeler 1703 948 1145 3796 out Car/Jeep In 1395 863 583 2841

out 1331 643 610 2584 Total 10771 6379 6060 23210 Buses/ In 22 25 20 67 Heavy Trucks& out 15 19 16 50 Vehicle Tempo Total 37 44 36 117 Grand Total 23327

Traffic Survey Uran Road Traffic Survey S T Stand (Near Ketki)

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 69 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 Table No. 9.9: Average Result for Traffic Survey at Raigad Petrol Pump in May 2014 Vehicles 09am-04pm 04pm-11pm 11pm-08am Total Bicycle In 126 84 30 240

out 104 101 25 230 Light Vehicle Two In 2485 2165 880 5530 Wheeler out 2475 2135 780 5390

Three In 870 879 710 2459 Wheeler 795 795 615 2205 out Car/Jeep In 1192 1165 695 3052

out 1065 975 670 2710 Total 9112 8299 4405 21816 Buses/ In 242 204 35 418 Heavy Trucks& out 216 196 17 429 Vehicle Tempo Total 458 400 52 910 Grand Total 22726

Table No. 9.10: Average Result for Traffic Survey at Uran Road in May 2014 Vehicles 09am-04pm 04pm-11pm 11pm-08am Total Bicycle In 196 55 6 257

out 262 33 7 302 Light Vehicle Two In 1125 930 320 2375 Wheeler out 1135 1010 340 2485

Three In 910 805 45 1760 Wheeler 900 810 23 1733 out Car/Jeep In 880 795 170 1845

out 940 715 50 1705 Total 6348 5153 961 12462 Buses/ In 252 159 0 411 Heavy Trucks& out 113 146 0 259 Vehicle Tempo Total 365 305 0 670 Grand Total 13132

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 70 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 Table No. 9.11: Average Result for Traffic Survey at New Panvel in May 2014 Vehicles 09am-04pm 04pm-11pm 11pm-8am Total Bicycle In 85 25 0 110

out 70 10 0 80 Light Vehicle Two In 3620 3400 515 7535 Wheeler out 3730 3870 680 8280

Three in 2565 2475 442 5482 Wheeler 2467 2540 308 5315 out Car/Jeep in 2915 3250 299 6464

out 2800 3185 213 6198 Total 18252 18755 2457 39464 Buses/ in 500 807 20 1327 Heavy Trucks& out 535 705 0 1240 Vehicle Tempo Total 1035 1512 20 2567 Grand Total 42031

Conclusion : It has been observed that there is considerable rise in traffic. Considering this quantum of traffic measures should be taken to avoid traffic problems.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 71 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 CHAPTER 10 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

10.1: INTRODUCTION Solid waste is the mixture organic and inorganic waste materials like product packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing, bottles, kitchen refuse, paper, appliances, paint cans, batteries etc. produced in a society, which do not generally carry any value to the user. Solid wastes, thus, encompass both heterogeneous mass of waste from the urban community as well as a more homogenous accumulation of agricultural, industrial and mineral wastes. Knowledge of the sources and types of solid wastes as well as the information on composition and the rate at which wastes are generated/ disposed is, therefore is essential with management of solid wastes.

10.2: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (SWM) Solid waste management includes all activities that seek to minimize the health, environmental and aesthetic impacts of solid wastes. Solid waste can be defined as the material that no longer has any value to the person who is responsible for its generation and is not intended to be discharged through a pipe. It does not normally include human excreta. It is generated by domestic, commercial, industrial, healthcare, agricultural and mineral extraction activities and accumulates in streets and public places. The words “garbage”, “trash”, “refuses” and “rubbish” is used to refer to some forms of solid waste.

Solid waste management is associated with the control of waste generation, in storage, collection, transfer, processing and disposal in a manner that is in accordance with the best principles of public health, economics, engineering, conservation, aesthetics, public attitude and other environmental considerations. Waste storage encompasses proper containers to store wastes. Smaller containers are usually handled manually whereas the larger, heavier ones require mechanical handling. Collection employs collection vehicles like compactor trucks having capacities of 12-15 m 3 due to limitations imposed by narrow roads, the weight of solid wastes collected per trip is 2 to 2.5 times larger since the wastes are hydraulically compacted. Disposal is the ultimate fate of all solid wastes, be that of residential, semi-solid wastes from municipal and industrial treatment plants, incinerators, composts or other substances that have no further use to the society.

The SWM processes differ depending on factors such as economic status, degree of industrialization, social development and quality of life of a location. In addition, regional, seasonal and economic differences influence the SWM processes. Processing and Disposal is carried out by CIDCO and Mumbai Waste Management Ltd. Taloja.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 72 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 10.3: MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF NAVI MUMBAI CIDCO has implemented Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules-2000 for the area under jurisdiction of CIDCO i.e. New Panvel, Kalamboli, Kharghar, Dronagiri etc. Solid Waste Management System is broadly divided in two parts: Mumbai Waste Management Ltd., has installed and running the facility for the industrial and biomedical solid waste treatment and disposal facility in MIDC Taloja.

1. Collection & Transportation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) 2. Processing & Disposal of MSW

10.3.1: Collection & Transportation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) The solid waste generation during the year 2013-14 was average 45.19 MT/Day and for first 2 months from April to May 2014 it was average 41.45 MT/Day. This includes MSW generated in Panvel Municipal area. The method of collection & transportation of MSW followed is as under:-

1. Daily collection of MSW ON house-to-house basis 2. Daily collection of MSW from community basis 3. Transportation on MSW in closed body vehicle up to processing & disposal site 4. Collection & Transportation of debris 5. Collection & Transportation of green waste lying on roads 6. Removal and hygienic disposal/ burial of animal carcasses 7. Cleanliness of roads & collection of street sweepings 8. Machineries employed for collection and transportation are :- Bell Wagon - 7 Nos Refused compactors - 4 Nos Auto rickshaw with tripping arrangement - 3 Nos Mini Compactor - 1 Nos 9. Conducting public awareness programs for segregation and storage of MSW in two categories as Dry (Non bio degradable) and Wet (Biodegradable) waste.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 73 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Collection & Transportation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Bell Wagon (1)

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 74 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Collection & Transportation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Compactor (3)

10.3.2: Processing & Disposal of MSW CIDCO has developed its own MSW processing & disposal facility at village Chal near Taloja MIDC. Receiving and treatment of waste has started from 2007. Compost production has started. The plot area is approximately 14 Hectares. The site has been selected as per the guidelines of regulatory authority and authorization from State Pollution Control Board has been obtained. The waste received at the facility is being processed and disposed off scientifically. The site is designed for 15.5 years period considering 65 MT of MSW per day with progressive increase annually. The total storage capacity of landfill is about 3, 65,000 MT. Presently about 200MT/month solid waste is received at site. The part of it is being composted and the composed is sold in market.

10.3.3: BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT Biomedical waste becomes important factor for handling. As per the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board every dispensary and hospital has to collect the bio medical waste separately and has to send to Mumbai Waste Management Limited (MWML) Taloja MIDC for its disposal by incineration. Average 13.52 MT/Month of Bio medical waste was collected during 2013 – 2014 and sent to Mumbai Waste Management Ltd. Average 450.00 kg/day of Bio medical waste was collected and sent to MWML during months from Sept 2013 to May 2014. In April 2014 the Incinerable biomedical waste generation was 11.37MT and waste treatable in Autoclave was 2.33MT. In May 2014 the Incinerable biomedical waste generation was 11.31MT and waste treatable in Autoclave was 1.91MT.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 75 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 10.4: METHODOLOGY OF WASTE PROCESSING The incoming waste is weighed at Weigh Bridge at site. The waste is segregated at compost platform in to bio degradable and non bio degradable parts. The non degradable waste shall further be segregated in recyclable and non recyclable part. Recyclable waste shall be stored separately as paper, plastic, glass, metal etc. The non recyclable waste shall be taken to the landfill for disposal. The biodegradable waste shall be shredded to required size and arranged in windrow piles on compost platform. Herbal sanitizers’ area used to control the odor. Bio culture is used to enhance the compost process. Flyex is used to control the flies.

The landfill is to be developed in different cells (5Nos.). The soil bund is constructed along the periphery of the landfill. Sides and bottom liner comprising of clay and HDPE liner and drainage layer are provided as per the design to prevent ground water contamination. Sump wells are constructed in the landfill which collects the leachate through the perforated HDPE pipes. Leachate from the sump wells will be pumped to leachate holding pond. Rejected waste shall be filled in the landfill, spread, compacted by mechanical means. The completed cells shall be closed as per the closer plan with the development of grass/ vegetation on top. Regular monitoring shall be done as per the regulations for different Environmental Parameters as per MPCB norms. 10.5: METHODOLOGY OF DISPOSAL IN LANDFILL Rejects of waste processing shall be transported and deposited in the landfill. The waste is compacted and covered with inert materials daily as per the placement plan. Leachate collected in the sump well shall be pumped to leachate holding pond. During the entire operation of facility, environmental monitoring shall be done as per MPCB guidelines.

10.6: EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT Panvel Municipal Council prepared and published the Emergency Management Plan (EMP) for the year 2013. An Emergency Flood Control Section was setup

The following committees were formed for the implementation of EMP

1. Steering Committee 2. Communication Committee 3. Medical Services Committee 4. Rescue Committee 5. Coordination Committee 6. Flood Control Committee 7. Awareness Committee

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 76 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 CHAPTER 11 FACILITIES

11.1: INTRODUCTION:

11.1.1: MUNICIPALITY Panvel, with an area of 4.7 square miles, is a Municipal Town. The Municipality was established in on 1 st September 1852. It is now governed under the Bombay District Municipal Act, 1901. The municipal council is composed of 38 members. 50% seats are reserved for women. 25 seats are from general category, 10 seats for OBC, 2 seats for SC and 1 seat for ST. Additional 4 seats are filled by co-option. The Municipal affairs are looked after by various committees, viz.

Main Committees

1. Works 2. Planning 3. Women and Children Welfare 4. Water Supply 5. Health and Sanitation 6. Education

Sub Committees

1. Dispensary Committee 2. Sanitation Committee 3. Assessment Committee 4. School Committee 5. Water Supply Improvement sub-committee 6. Town development sub-committee. 7. Backward Class Committee 8. Tree Protection Committee

The administrative organization of the municipality comprises the following departments:-

1. General administration 2. Revenue 3. Public Works 4. Water Works and 5. Sanitation

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 77 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 11.1.2: INCOME & EXPENDITURE The income of the municipality for the year 2013-14 is as following:

Original Expenditure Expenditure SR. Title Provision in First Eight in Further TOTAL NO. 2013-2014 Months Four months

1 Part - I 397407000 193387186 191378359 384819500 2 Part - II 560810000 288923105 415352056 704440000 3 Part - III 0 25365638 7434862 32800500 4 Total I+II+III 958217000 507675929 614465277 1122060000 5 Final Remainder 544652 58818858 35707006 94607070 Total with 6 remainder 958761652 566494787 650172283 1216667070

11.2: EDUCATION & LITERACY The Municipality undertook free primary education since 1979. In 1927, primary education was entrusted to the Kolaba District School Board. At present, besides a Zilla Parishad’s primary schools, a Marathi Girls School, an Urdu School, the Nutan Gujarati Sala, Government Basic Training College, Konkan Education Society’s Vithoba Khandappa Vidyalaya and Kesavji Veerji Kanya Vidyalaya are the various educational institutions in the town. The municipality pays an annual grant of Minimum Rs. 10,000 to the Sarvajanik Vachnalaya and Granthalaya. Panvel has an average literacy rate of 89%, comprising of male literacy of 55% and female literacy of 45%.

11.2.1: LIST OF SCHOOLS 1) Wasudev Balwant Phadke High School 2) Little Angels Eco-school 3) Dayanand Arya Vidyalaya Public School 4) V K High School 5) K V High School 6) Barns High School 7) Mansarovar Vidyalaya 8) Daya Anand Anglo Vedic School 9) Carmel Convent High School 10) Bethnay Convent High School 11) Mahatma School of Sports & Academics 12) Changu Kana Thakur Vidyalay, New Panvel 13) Yakub Baig High School 14) St Joseph (State Board)/(CBSE Board) 15) St Marry School Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 78 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 16) Huda Primary School 17) New Horizon Public School 18) St. George High School 19) Gawand High School, Khanda Colony

Table no. 11.1 Literacy level

SR. NO. PARTICULARS TOTAL POPULATION MALES FEMALES 1 Number of literates 80,493 44,433 36,060 2 Number of illiterates 23,595 10,530 13,035 3 Literacy rate (%) 89.1 92.9 84.8 4 Illiteracy rate (%) 26.1 22 30.7

11.3: TRANSPORTATION

11.3.1: PANVEL RAILWAY STATION Panvel Railway Station comes under Mumbai Division of Central Railway. It is one of the most important junctions on the Konkan Railway. Harbour line from Mumbai CST, Central line from Diva/ Kalyan, Western Freight Corridor from JNPT and the Konkan Railway line from Mangalore meet at Panvel. The station is technically divided into two parts viz. Suburban and Main line. The main line station is located at chin age 68/5 from Mumbai CST, while the suburban station is at 48/9. There are total 7 platforms (4 for Sub Main line, 8 for suburban/service line & 6 Main line Tracks). 4 Main line platforms are proposed and will be constructed soon. Panvel happens to be the terminating station of Mumbai to South India passes through Panvel Terminus. The station handles more than 25 pairs of freight trains each day. Total 136 pairs of local trains travel in and out of Panvel per day, 23 pairs of passenger & Mail Express Trains travel daily and 21 pairs of Express Trains travel weekly.

Panvel is a major station and is considered equivalent to Mumbai for trains which skip Mumbai. The trains run on Diesel Traction and electricity (the tracks are not electrified to the south of Panvel) and Panvel is a refueling point for their locomotives. Panvel has been connected to Pune via Karjat.

In addition to refueling, Panvel has a huge number of parcel bookings and most trains stop for periods varying from 5 minutes to 20 minutes for technical purposes. Panvel also handles crew change for freight trains. There are nine Ticket Counters and three Reservation Counters. Car/ Two wheeler parking facility is available on both sides of the station. The main State Road Transport Bus Stand of Panvel is about 500 meters away from the railway station. Buses run by Local Municipal Transport (NMMT) come right outside the station. Rickshaws are available in plenty (but they however do not charge as per meter tariff. Fixed charges apply).

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 79 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Panvel Railway Station

STD booths are available on all seven platforms. Railway canteens look after the needs of passengers. A book stall is located on platform No. 5. Toilets are available for commuters traveling through main line and sub main line. Rest room facilities are available for passengers of

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 80 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 the Main Line. It is the biggest railway station in the district. First Aid Box is available for medical emergency. Water coolers are available for the passengers. Total 43 numbers of toilets, urinary and bathrooms are available.

It was proposed to build two Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) with appropriate technology that will enable Indian Railways to regain its market share of freight transport. This will create additional capacity and guaranteed efficiency, reliable, safe and cheaper options for mobility to its customers. To achieve these objectives, DFCC will encourage use of latest technological innovations in the area of track, electrification, signaling and train operations however it is still proposed higher authorities has not waved the green flag yet.

Table no. 11.3.1 Total No’s of Average Commuters for Year 2013-14:

Sr. No. Trains Commuters per day 1 Sub Line 67,825 2 Non-Sub Line 3,734 3 Reservation 837 Total 72,396

11.3.2 STATE TRANSPORT BUSES (S.T.) There are two main ST stands on the highway & railway station stand in front of the railway station. The one on the highway is among the biggest in the state and handles over 1500 ST buses every day, while the railway station bus stand handles around 200 NMMT buses per day. There are about 20 other small bus stops in Panvel city. The total road length within the municipal area is 48 Km of which 46.36 Km consists of pukka roads, 0.6 Km are concrete and 1.04 of WBM roads. There are about 48 main roads. Panvel is an important junction point as many major highways meet and pass through it. The Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Sion-Panvel Express way NH 4B, NH 17 start from Panvel. NH 4 passes through Panvel.

To overcome the problem of traffic jam a new fly over has been constructed from Panchmukhi Maruti Mandir to Garden Hotel of 1.6 m length.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 81 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Fly Over Bridge (FoB) from Garden Hotel to Panchmukhi Maruti Mandir

As per the records availed from Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation, Panvel Depot the total number of buses during the month of May 2014 is 4306 (1056 Local and 1940+1310 Out-station) buses traveled from Panvel bus station, and passenger travelled is 62,296. Extra Buses for occasions needed are arranged by S T Depot for people on request.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 82 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 The PMC has proposed to start Public Transport Services in Panvel Town and surrounding area. This service will start with about 140 Buses and subsequently it will be increased as per the requirement.

11.4: WATER SUPPLY Dehrang Dam is the main source of water supply for Panvel. There are also about 37 public and private wells which supplement the river water. Water distribution in Panvel region is from Water Treatment Plant (WTP) coming from Dehrang Dam which is 16 Km from Panvel. The Panvel Water Supply Improvement Scheme was undertaken in two stages. The first stage consisted raising the height of the dam by 2.5mtrs and completed in year 2002 and brining the collected water through Hume pipes to Panvel. Presently the height of the Dam is 36mtrs. And it covers around 277 acres of area. At Thana Naka Road a new overhead water tank of 8 lac liter capacity has been constructed and inaugurated in 2012. A new overhead water tank of 9 lac liter capacity has been constructed near Hutatma Smarak to supply the water for Tapal Naka, Uran Road, Bhaji Market & Lain Ali.

The first stage of Dam was completed in 1946 at a cost of Rs. 6,29,758 and supplied per head about 15 gallons of water. The second stage envisaged in the scheme is being implemented and is expected to supply per head 30 gallons of water on its completion. The second stage consists of building another dam on the same river on its upper side and taking the water to Panvel town. Water Treatment Plant has a capacity of 16 MLD.

11.5: SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT (STP) A Sewage Treatment Plant is for the treatment of sewage originating from residential and commercial areas of Panvel Town. The domestic sewage has large amount of suspended solids of various origins. Sewage or Domestic Waste Water Treatment is the process of removing contaminants from waste water, both runoff and domestic, it includes processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce a waste stream (or treated sewage) and a solid waste or sludge which is suitable for discharge or reuse back into the environment.

Sewage is created by Residences, Institutions, Commercial and Industrial establishments. It can be treated at the point where it is created or collected and transported via a network of pipelines and pumping stations to a Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). Sewage collection and treatment is typically subject to local and state regulations and standards. Industrial sources of wastewater often require specialized treatment processes.

The raw sewage mainly contains dissolved and suspended organic matters. This treatment facility involves separation of suspended solids followed by its stabilization, by the action of microorganisms, under aerobic/anaerobic conditions. The aerobically/anaerobically

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 83 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 digested sludge is disposed off. The clarified sewage emanating from the settling tanks is chlorinated, before being disposed off.

The method of treating the sewage waste water is the cyclic activated sludge process technology wherein the sewage is treated aerobically by the micro organisms. The capacity of this STP is 14 MLD. The STP work was allotted to M/s. Khillari S.S. and has been completed in March 2013 and first trial run was taken in June 2013. The current STP is treating sewage waste water of approximately 3 to 4 MLD.

The total sewage generated is not being collected for treatment at STP because the house connections are not yet made by PMC (Panvel Municipal Council) to the main newly laid sewage collection lines coming to STP, therefore as such there is no required sewage waste water available for treatment as per the design of STP i.e. 14MLD. Because of this, STP cannot be run to its designed capacity presently. Therefore the STP is yet under stabilization and there is no sludge generation from the waste water treatment process. So there is no sludge obtained and disposed presently.

Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) near Court - 1

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 84 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) near Court - 2

Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) near Panvel Court – 3

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 85 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Table No. 11.2: Name and Sump capacity of STP in Panvel

NAME OF STP CAPACITY 12 HP Patel Mohalla STP 7.5 HP 20 HP Process of Treatment:

Raw sewage after pre treatment i.e. after passing through fine screen & grit chambers is taken by gravity into the C-Tech Basins. There are two C-Tech Basins in the plant. These C- Tech Basins work in sequence and the influent sewage flow is distributed using automatic gates provided in the inlet chambers of C-Tech Basins. The C-Tech Basins are equipped with air blowers, diffusers, Return Activated Sludge (RAS) pumps, Surplus Activated Sludge (SAS) pumps, Decanters, Auto Valves, and PLC etc. The complete treatment process cycle is automatically controlled using PLC.

Surplus sludge generated during the process of sewage treatment at a consistency level of approx 1.0% will be pumped intermittently from SAS pump to the sludge sump. The sludge from the sump is taken for dewatering in Decanter Centrifuge where the sludge and water is separated.

The treated effluent from the C-Tech Basins is then passed through Chlorination Tank before its final discharge in the nearby creek.

Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) near Panvel Court - 4

Present Status:

At present maximum 4 MLD of sewage water is received at STP. Yet the house connections are to be completed. After all house connections the maximum sewage water will receive to STP for treatment.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 86 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 11.6: DRAINAGE SYSTEM The waste water in the town is collected through the underground drainage scheme provided for the same in the Panvel Town. Total number of drainage lines is 155 which are at the depth of 5-20 feet underground.

11.6.1: UNDERGROUND SEWERAGE SCHEME Considering the continuously increasing sewage quantity the underground drainage system was constructed. M/s. Kirloskar Consultant Ltd. Pune was the technical advisor for the work of underground drainage scheme. The scheme was implemented in two zones i.e Zone I & Zone II. The work of laying the lines under the scheme for both zones was carried out by M/s. Eagle Construction Company. The third party technical audit was carried out by the institute named Shaskiya Tantraniketan at Pen, Raigad.

Present Status: The estimated length of sewer lines is 41.908 Km and 1478 manholes to be constructed. Whereas the sewer lines have almost been laid and 1029 manholes have been constructed.

Panvel town has very narrow roads as town is thickly populated because of which laying sewer lines and management of traffic was difficult and at the same time in most of the areas rocks were found. The main sewer line of zone II area is connected to the STP. But all the commercial lines are not connected to main line. The municipal council spent Rs. 33 crores on underground drainage system and sewage treatment plant (STP)

11.7: ELECTRICITY SUPPLY Earlier electricity was provided by MSEDCL. Now, MSEDCL initiates for revamping of the old and outdated service infrastructure on the Panvel-Uran stretch. All old equipments, electric posts, over head and under head wires, power stations, sub stations will be revamped to bring in the service efficacy in the power distribution system. Load shedding is experienced on Tuesday. Hospitals have their own D.G. Set for operations work.

11.8: FIRE BRIGADE & EMERGENCY SERVICE CENTER Panvel Municipal Councils Fire Brigade and Emergency service centre is functioning 24 hours for benefit of the citizens. The department is always working to avoid deaths during accidents and natural calamities. To make citizens more alert during such situation they are giving primary training by arranging demonstration programs in schools, colleges, police stations etc. the department is associated with CIDCO in terms of emergency helping the nearby regions. Presently there is one fire brigade station near PMC office. The reconstruction of Existing Fire Brigade Building is in progress with budget of Rs. 1,24,81,178/- is in progress. The Total area of the Building is 7000 Sqft.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 87 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Proposed Fire Brigade Building near PMC

11. 9: HEALTH & MEDICAL FACILITIES For the maintenance of public health and sanitation the municipality undertakes from time to time measures against different epidemics like plague, cholera, small pox, polio and diphtheria.

The municipal dispensary is housed in its own building. The city has both private as well as municipal primary health care centers operating in Panvel Council area. There have conducted number of vaccination pro grams per month. Medical Health Centre of PMC provides medical facility and distributes the same for epidemic diseases such as Gastro, Cholera, Jaundice, Polio, Typhoid etc. Ambulance and Mobile Clinic service are made available 24 hours for the citizens.

At Gramin Rugnalaya facility of, 100 Beds is proposed, numbers of medical facilities are propsed . They conduct vaccination program for various epidemic diseases on every Tuesday and Saturday of a week. Apart from this they have continuous treatment facilities to cure the diseases such as Tuberculosis.

Nurseries have been developed by PMC which consists of various species. These plants are given free to the citizens/organizations as per the requirement. Tulsi plants are developed and are gifted to the students on various occasions and they are also encouraged to carry out the

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 88 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 plantation. Gardens and open spaces provide recreational areas for people and children of the city. Large variety of trees planted on road side, in open spaces, in gardens etc.

Table No. 11.3: Health & Medical Facilities

SR. TYPE OF FACILITY TOTAL NO. NO. 1 Private Hospitals 42 2 Maternity Hospitals 08 3 Government Veterinary Hospital 01 4 Pathology Lab 15 5 Dispensaries 350 6 Ambulance Services 8

Birth and Death centre of PMC is working according to Birth – Death Registration Rule 1969, Maharashtra Birth-Death Registration Rule 2000 and Mumbai regional Municipal Corporation Rule 1949 under section 263 to 271.

11.10: GARDEN AND PLAYGROUNDS

Table No. 11.4: Details of Playground & Gardens SR. NO. PLACE NAME Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj Ground 1 Playgrounds Barns School Ground Lions Garden Mahatma Gandhi Garden Ashok Baugh 2 Gardens Hutatma Smarak Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Garden Ganpati Mandir Rohidas Wada

In Panvel plantation program is carried on a large scale and varieties of plants are being planted. At present, there are more than 17,844 numbers of trees in Panvel Town, according to recent survey.

Many nurseries have been developed by PMC which consists of various species. These plants are given free to the citizens/organizations as per the requirement. Tulsi plants are developed and are gifted to the students on various occasions and they are also encouraged to carry out the plantation. Gardens and open spaces provide recreational areas for people and children of the city. Large variety of trees planted on road side, in open spaces, in gardens etc. Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 89 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 PMC has developed seven gardens and two play grounds. All gardens and parks are well maintained. These gardens and play grounds help for getting at least some sort of exercise by walk or playing games to the residents. By means of such physical activities they can maintain their health and can stand well in the ever increasing competitive world with refresh mind and physical fitness

World Environment Day is celebrated on 5th June and 16 June Tree Plantation Day is celebrated in Municipal council by organizing rallies at four places in four departments. People with Botanical knowledge who help conserve the greenery and surrounding are awarded with symbol of Sal & Coconut. PMC provides special attention to stop the tree cutting. PMC has developed seven gardens and two play grounds. All gardens and parks are well maintained.

The Lendale Lake is used for recreational purpose, gardens are provided with swings, see-saws etc. To maintain cleanliness in the parks, they are provided with dustbins, toilets and drinking water. Lawns and Joggers Park are provided for morning walk.

Survey was carried out in 2013 by M/s. Darashaw for Development of Vadale Lake (Ballaeshwar Lake) on BOT Basis by PMC. This had many points including Collection of Data and Site Survey, Topographic Survey of the lake, Bathymetry survey of the Lake, Traffic Plans, Land use and network, Ecological assessments, Bio-diversity assessment, Flora and Fauna Habitat Mapping, Tourism Strategy, Block Cost Estimates, etc.

Flora & Fauna: A total of 39 species, belonging to 21 families and 10 avian orders were reported in present in recent survey in Vadale Lake. Given the proximity of the Vadale Lake to the Karnala Bird Scantuary, it is anticipated that this lake is bound to attract many migratory species of Avifauna during the winter season. The fresh water lake is an ideal feeding and breeding ground for the migratory Avifauna. The nutrients from any water body decide the type of Macrophytes occurring in them. With decay these contribute to the organic detritus pool. Macrophytes also compete with phytoplankton for nutrient requirement and their presence may result in change in phytoplankton community.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 90 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Vadale (Ballaeshwar) Lake

3D Proposed Vadale (Ballaeshwar) Lake

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 91 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Proposed project concepts at Vadale (Ballaeshwar) Lake:

The Municipality maintains a fish and a mutton market. There is also a cattle pound. It undertakes the care of various reservoirs in the town and carries on fish culture in Devale, Krishnale and Lendale Tanks. It also maintains vital statistics. For public amenities, the municipality maintains a cremation ground for Hindus at Podi, Takka and Lokandipada. Other communities manage their own burial places.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 92 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 11.11: ENTERTAINMENT CENTERS: A large number of shops, showrooms, restaurants have been opened in the Municipal area. Multiplexes, shopping centers, malls etc. have been started here. The local authority maintains a record of the number of shops, commercial establishments, theaters etc. registered or cancelled for year to year with number of employee in respective establishments.

The new Theatre for Drama named after AdyaKrantiveer Vasudeo Balwant Phadke has been constructed by Municipality near Saraswati Mandir School and the same was inaugurated and open for public from 1 st June 2014.

The new Amusement Park is proposed behind Panvel Court.

New Samaj Mandir constructed near PMC at Mandavkar Wada for people at the cost of Rs. 17.5lacs with area approximately 800Sqft.

The new Commercial Shopping Complex on Plot No. 241 has been constructed by Municipal Council. The shops are being allotted by open tenders.

Near Ambedkar Statue of Plot No. 181 of Panvel Municipal Council Bharatratna Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Bhavan has been completed which consists of Auditorium for students on the first floor and Library on the second floor. The same was inaugurated and opened for the public in February 2014.

Bharatratna Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Bhavan at Plot No. 181, Panvel

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 93 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Auditorium in Ambedkar Bhavan

Library inside Ambedkar Bhavan

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 94 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Proposed Samaj Mandir at CTS No. 1033, Rohidaswada, Panvel

Shopping Complex at Plot No. 241

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 95 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Commercial Complex cum Auditorium on Plot No. 247

Samaj Mandir at Mandavkar Wada near PMC ground.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 96 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

PMC School at Takka

PMC School at Khanda Gaon(Dhakta Khanda)

11.12: PROPOSED HYGIENIC FISH MARKET The Hygienic Fish Market by renovation of existing fish market at Plot No. 261 and constructing new one at Plot No. 85 has been proposed. The concept of the same is of National

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 97 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 Fisheries Development Board. The said Fish Market we have platforms with water supply, sink, drainage collection and treatment system with chiller (Cold storage) arrangement. The estimated cost of the same is Rs. 3.5Crores. The National Fisheries Development Board will give 90% subsidy of the total cost.

11.13: FEST & FESTIVALS IN PANVEL TOWN: 1. Shiv Jayanti : Shiv Jayanti, the birth anniversary of Shivaji Maharaj, was celebrated with traditional fervour in Maharashtra. The state government’s official ‘Shiv Jayanti’ celebrations are held on February 19 each year. The Shiv Sena celebrates ‘Shiv Jayanti’ on March 24, while the state government holds the official celebrations on February 19.Chatrapati Shivaji is a hero not only for the people of Maharashtra but for those of India as well. On the occasion of Shivaji Jayanti several processions are taken out and people dress up like Shivaji and his associates. The birthday is celebrated on a huge scale and various programs remembering the achievements of the great ruler are organized.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 98 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 2. Urus (Karam Ali Shah Baba Durgah ): The Peer Karam Ali Shah Dargah, the oldest in Panvel built way back in 1747, though renovated in 1994. The dargah and the lake are opposite the Panvel Municipal Council. The dargah is named after Hazrat Khwaja Karam Ali Shah whose dargah is placed at the center. The main prayer hall forbids women from entering but they can sit on the cool marble outside and pray. Surrounding the main dargah there are several other dargahs of the descendents some of them being the son of Hazrat Khwaja Karam Ali Shah – Hazrat Khwaja Muaajis Shah, Hazrat Khwaja Kutub Shah, Hazrat Khwaja Lutuf Shah and others. The caretakers here are the eighth generation. While the dargah sees a lot of visitors during Thursdays and Sundays, during Urus, a mela that is held every year, devotees in huge numbers flock the dargah. At the time of Urus, the Nishaan is carried out where a green and red colored flag is hoisted at the top point of the dargah and after three days the sandal sharif is performed wherein a sandal paste is put on the dargah. In this mela, there are several types of rides for children’s and food stalls. Daily, one can hear the Nagara – beating of drums during the morning and evening time. This is a traditional way of calling the people to come and pray.

Urus (Mela)

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 99 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

3. Ambedkar Jayanti: Ambedkar Jayanti is a festival observed on April 14 every year to commemorate the memory of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar. This day is celebrated as birth anniversary of Dr. Ambedkar who born on this day in the year 1891. It is a public holiday in all of the Indian states. It is celebrated throughout the world especially by formerly oppressed communities who embraced Buddhism under his guidance. In panvel, large number of people visit Babasaheb's statue at the Ambedkar statue in procession with lot of fanfare of dhol, tasha, dance etc. throughout the day and unto late night . Dr. Baba Saheb greatly contibuted to the nation as a jurist, philosopher, politician, anthropologist, economist and historian.

4. Gudi Yatra on gudi padwa every year the shobha yatra (procession) is carried out on the roads in the Panvel Town.: Celebrated on the first day of the Chaitra month of the Hindu calendar (March-April as per the Gregorian Calendar), Gudi Padwa marks the New Year's Day for Maharashtrians and Hindu Konkanis in India. The Brahma Purana declares Gudi Padwa to be the time on which Lord Brahma created the world after the great deluge. One of the 3 and a half days in the Indian Lunar calendar called "Sade-Teen Muhurt", whose every moment is considered auspicious in general to start a new activity.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 100 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15 CHAPTER 12 SUGGESTIVE MEASURE

12.1: SUGGESTIVE MEASURES This is with respect to the Environmental Status of the areas under PMC jurisdiction. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared. This EMP gives the measures in brief. The PMC may adopt these measures for the protection and betterment of the environment. The objective behind these measures is to assist the PMC to achieve flawless environmental improvements on continual basis. Implementation of these measures will help to maintain the overall environment in good condition and the people in the area will experience a good quality of life.

Following are the measures suggested.

Issues Suggested Measures

A survey should be carried out from time to time to take review and for the update of the current land usage.

The steps should be taken to modify existing gardens and develop new gardens and play grounds on the plots specified for the same.

A proper arrangement, space allotment and parking lots should be done in the crowded areas such as market. This will improve the flow of vehicles and people smoothly.

Land Usage Forest areas must be preserved. Strict rules should be implemented about tree cutting. Tree cutting should be avoided.

Open areas be observed which may turn into dumping yards as people may develop tendency to throw solid waste or any other rubbish to these areas.

The low-lying open plots may be leveled with rabbet generated in the town.

Slum development has to be controlled. It leads to unhygienic conditions in the area and surrounding and results into low living quality, spread of epidemic diseases.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 101 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Address the issue of illegal constructions in the region and dilapidated buildings.

Housing scheme should be encouraged on slum.

Take measures and all possible necessary steps to improve the living conditions of the low income areas.

A proper database of all the medicinal facilitates needs to be generated along with the facilities available at every place.

The solid waste collection should be ensured. The sludge removed from gutters should be disinfected. The low lying areas should be leveled.

The disinfectants should be spread on open gutters and places wherever water logging is there.

Spraying of disinfecting fogs should be carried out regularly to control the Public Larvae and Mosquito. Health & Hygiene Precautions should be taken to control rodents.

Attention should be paid to the best planning to fight against the epidemics based on the current findings of epidemic diseases in the region.

Periodic visits should be carried out to all the hospitals and clinics to check their level of efficiency.

Biomedical waste disposal of the hospitals and clinics should be checked. PMC should ensure that they are using the facility for biomedical waste disposal.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 102 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

The vaccination and Health camps should be organized on regular basis.

Awareness campaign should be carried out about the epidemics and other health improving practices.

Proper and periodic medicinal facilities should be made available for the low income group at a reasonable price.

The efforts should be taken to provide the public sufficient per capita@135 lit/day clean water from own sources of PMC.

Efforts should be made to increase the water holding capacity of Dehrang Dam by removing the sediment and exploring the possibility of raising its height.

The possibility should be explored to avail the water from Morbe Dam near village Khanav.

Water The Water Treatment Plant (WTP) of required capacity shall be constructed Supply and efficiency of existing water treatment plant needs to be monitored sothat treated water meets the necessary criteria for all parameters mentioned for the drinking water e.g. turbidity, residual chlorine levels etc.

Water conservation programs needs to be implemented. Use of ground water for the construction and other activities should be restricted. Rainwater harvesting possibilities should be explored and it should be implemented wherever possible

Use of treated water from the STP should be encouraged for the activities such as construction, gardening etc. based on feasibility.

Water Periodic (Quarterly) comprehensive water analysis should be done to check Bodies the water quality and pollution levels at various sources

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 103 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

Instruction Boards should be placed near water bodies to aware and instruct people to avoid the pollution of water.

Artificial ponds should be created for Ganesh Chaturthi and People should be promoted to adopt Eco friendly Ganesh idols.

The Nirmalya Kalash to be provided at each lake and water body where dropping of Nirmalya is observed commonly.

Lakes should be considered for recreational activities. Necessary changes need to take place at locations for the same.

The bio remediation of the lakes may be done to keep the lakes clean. All the water reservoirs, lakes, river should be maintained in good condition by improving their cleaning and by arresting the sewage discharging in it.

Inspection should be conducted to assess the condition of existing drainage system in order to check its choke ups, leakages etc. to take suitable measures for its proper maintenance and to avoid logging.

The work for laying new underground drainage lines is in progress. The measures should be taken to speed up the same sothat the sewage will be effectively collected.

Sewerage (Drainage ) The orders should be issued to the owners to connect their sewage lines to the system property chambers within a specified period where the drainage work is complete.

The efforts should be made to collect all sewage generated to STP and STP should be operated efficiently to maintain the ecological status of the receiving water body.

The Housing Societies with significant sewage should be promoted to setup the sewage treatment plant and recycle the treated water.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 104 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

The organic load in Gadhi river under bridge on highway and bridge at wadhghar has found high due to discharge of sewage. The sewage should be

reverted to STP

To carry out regular (Monthly/Quarterly) air monitoring at prime locations in order to get idea of air quality and to continue with the necessary measures to reduce pollution levels.

To avoid air pollution from the traffic congestion, parking arrangement should be made in town and quality of roads needs to be improved.

To do Tree Plantation along road sides and at open places wherever possible.

Air Pollution To do Road widening wherever possible for smooth traffic flow.

Proper traffic management should be done with support of RTO and local police to avoid traffic jams.

Promote the conversion of vehicles to CNG from petrol, diesel.

Displays of Air Quality status can be provided at the council office and main traffic signals.

To take regular Noise levels at prime locations in order to get an idea of Noise pollution and to take the necessary measures to reduce Noise levels.

Zones should be created in accordance with the pollution control norms to Noise limit the noise levels. eg. Silence zones in the areas where in hospitals, Levels schools are located.

Implementation of the norms related to the Noise Pollution and strict action needs to be taken on the violators.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 105 Safer the environment healthier the life

Panvel Municipal Council Environmental Status Report 2014 - 15

To carry out regular monitoring of the Solid Waste Management Sites.

The mechanism for segregation of solid waste should be adopted and implemented for proper disposal of the solid waste as per their type such as grit, plastic, glass, metal and biodegradable solid waste etc.

Solid Efforts should be made to collect maximum biodegradable solid waste and to Waste run the Biogas Plant with optimum capacity. Disposal

The composting of biodegradable wet solid waste can be initiated.

Proper means of collection and transportation should be made available so that littering of solid waste on roads, odour problem during transportation can be avoided.

Frequent Campaigns should be done among the masses for the Awareness of Pollution problems, Health issues, Tree plantation, Water conservation, Not to cause Noise pollution by bursting cracker, use of Nirmalya Kalash, Anti Awareness Plastic, adopt Eco Friendly Ganesh idols etc. Campaigns

Awareness campaigns should be carried out at the school, college, organizations, institution as well as local level to propagate the knowledge.

PMC should think on giving the work order at the beginning of the financial year for the preparation of ESR of next year to enable to collect & analyze

samples and other data to make the ESR more comprehensive.

Prepared by M/s GLOBAL ENVIROS 106 Safer the environment healthier the life