Environmental Impact Assessment (Draft) Project Number: 50136-002 February 2021 Pakistan: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Cities Improvement Project Peshawar Solid Waste Management Facility Development Main Report Prepared by Project Management Unit, Planning and Development Department, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa for the Asian Development Bank. This draft environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Environmental Impact Assessment Project Number: 51036-003 Loan Number: 6016-PAK February 2021 PAK: Peshawar Solid Waste Management Facility (SWMF) Development Prepared by PMU - KPCIP for the Asian Development Bank (ADB) This Environmental Impact Assessment Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of the ADB website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgements as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. EIA of Solid Waste Management Facility (SWMF) Development at Peshawar CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS As of 26th Feb, 2021 Currency Unit – Pak Rupees (Pak Rs.) Pak Rs 1.00 = $ 0.00628 US$1.00 = Pak Rs. 159 CONVERSIONS 1 meter = 3.28 feet 1 hectare = 2.47 acre 1 kanal = 0.125 acre Acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank ADC Alternate Daily Cover AD Anaerobic Digestion AIP Access to Information Policy AMSL Above Mean Sea Level BC Before Construction BOQ Bill of Quantities CORDEX Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment COVID Corona Virus Infectious Disease CSC Construction Supervision Consultant DC During Construction DO During Operation DTRO Disc Tube Reverse Osmosis EA Executing Agency EDCM Engineering Design Construction Management EGL Existing Ground Level EHS Environmental, Health, and Safety EIA Environment Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EPA Environmental Protection Agency GER Gross Enrollment Rate GFI Ground Fault Interrupter GoP Government of Pakistan GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism HDPE High Density Polyethylene IA Implementing Agency IEE Initial Environmental Examination IFC International Finance Corporation IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IWMS Integrated Waste Management System KP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa KPCIP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Cities Improvement Project KP-EPA Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Environmental Protection Agency KPI Key Performance Indicator LAA Land Acquisition Act (of 1984) LARP Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan Leq Equivalent sound pressure level LGERDD Local Government, Elections and Rural Development Department LHW Lady Health Worker LULC Land use/Land cover MBT Mechanical & Biological treatment MGD Million Gallons per Day MRF Material Recovery Facility MSF Material Sorting Facility MSWLF Municipal Solid Waste Landfill NCS National Conservation Strategy NEP National Environmental Policy ACRONYMS i EIA of Solid Waste Management Facility (SWMF) Development at Peshawar NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards NER Net Enrollment Rate OHS Occupational Health and Safety O&M Operation & Maintenance PAP Project Affected Persons PC Public consultation PCC Plain Cement Concrete PCOs Public Call Offices PDD Planning & Development Department PDA Peshawar Development Authority PEPAct Pakistan Environment Protection Act 1997 PEPC Pakistan Environmental Protection Council PESCO Peshawar Electric Supply Company PGA Peak Ground Acceleration PMU Project Management Unit PPE Personal Protective Equipment RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete RDF Refuse Derived Fuel REA Rapid Environmental Assessment RFP Request for Proposal RO Reverse Osmosis RP Resettlement Plan SOPs Standard Operating Procedures SS Suspended Solids SPS Safeguard Policy Statement SSEMP Site Specific Environmental Management Plan SWMF Solid Waste Management Facility TPD Tonnes per day TMA Tehsil Municipal Administration TMP Traffic Management Plan UC Union Council USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency WHO World Health Organization WSSC Water and Sanitation Services Company WSSP Water and Sanitation Services Peshawar NOTE In this report, “$” refers to US dollars ACRONYMS ii EIA of Solid Waste Management Facility (SWMF) Development at Peshawar Definition of Terms “Carbon Monoxide” (also CO): A colorless, odorless, poisonous gas produced by incomplete fossil fuel combustion. “Carbon Dioxide” (also CO2): A colorless, odorless, incombustible gas, CO2, formed during respiration, combustion, and organic decomposition and used in food refrigeration, carbonated beverages, inert atmospheres, fire extinguishers, and aerosols. Also called carbonic acid gas. “Ground Water”: The supply of fresh water found beneath the Earth's surface, usually in aquifers, which supply wells and springs. Because ground water is a major source of drinking water, there is growing concern over contamination from leaching agricultural or industrial pollutants or leaking underground storage tanks. “Laws”: means state and local laws and all regulations, rules, orders, decrees, decisions, instructions, requirements, policies and guidance which are issued or made by any Relevant Authority and which are legally binding, as any of them may be amended from time to time. ‘’Leachate’’ Contaminated water that seeps out of landfills. Often contains high amounts of organic matter and toxic chemicals. ‘’Liner system’’ The technical term for the layers of materials (such as clay and geosynthetics) that protect landfills from erosion, and keep trash and leachate from escaping from landfills. “Methane” (also CH4): A colorless, nonpoisonous, flammable gas created by anaerobic decomposition of organic compounds. A major component of natural gas used in the home. “Municipal Solid Waste” (MSW) is a waste type that includes predominantly household waste (domestic waste) with sometimes the addition of commercial wastes collected by a municipality within a given area. The term residual waste relates to waste left from household sources containing materials that have not been separated out or sent for reprocessing. “Operator” means the SLF operator employed or contracted by the EA to operate, maintain and manage the facility. “Particulates” (also PM10): 1. Fine liquid or solid particles such as dust, smoke, mist, fumes, or smog, found in air or emissions. 2. Very small solids suspended in water; they can vary in size, shape, density and electrical charge and can be gathered together by coagulation and flocculation. “Personal Protective Equipment” (also PPE): Clothing and equipment worn by pesticide mixers, loaders and applicators and re-entry workers, hazmat emergency responders, which is worn to reduce their exposure to potentially hazardous chemicals and other pollutants. “Peak Ground Acceleration” (PGA) is a measure of earthquake acceleration on the ground and an important input parameter for earthquake engineering. “Recyclables” Any materials that will be used or reused, or prepared for use or reuse, as an ingredient in an industrial process to make a product, or as an effective substitute for a commercial product. This includes, but is not limited to, paper, glass, plastic and metal. “Recycling” means the process by which recovered materials are transformed into new products or feedstock for new products. DEFINITION OF TERMS i EIA of Solid Waste Management Facility (SWMF) Development at Peshawar “Residual Waste” means all municipal solid wastes that are not processed and/or recycled. “Risk Assessment”: Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the risk posed to human health and/or the environment by the actual or potential presence and/or use of specific pollutants. “Solid Waste Management” means any activity involving the handling, treatment and disposal of Solid Waste. Also means any supervised handling of waste materials from their source through recovery processes to final disposal. “Solid Waste Management System” The entire process of storage, collection, transportation, processing, and disposal of solid wastes by any entity engaging in such process as a business, or by any state agency, city, authority, county or any combination thereof. “Sulfur Dioxide” (also SO2): A pungent, colorless, gas formed primarily by the combustion of fossil fuels; becomes a pollutant when present in large amounts. “Transfer Station” means the facility where solid wastes are temporarily stored and consolidated before being transported elsewhere for further treatment or disposal. “Waste” means any movable articles or material for which their owner wishes to relinquish responsibility by Disposal or which must be removed from their holding place as waste to safeguard the common welfare and to protect the environment. DEFINITION OF TERMS ii EIA of Solid Waste Management Facility (SWMF) Development at Peshawar Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i 1 Introduction 1 Overview