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Home , Churna Island, Ecotourism, Kakapir, Karachi Yacht Club, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Landhi Korangi Zoo

Disclaimer: This ‘ Coast: A marvel of nature – An Guidebook’ was made possible with support from the American people delivered through the Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of IUCN and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of USAID or the U.S. Government.

Published by IUCN Pakistan

Copyright © 2017 International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Citation is encouraged. Reproduction and/or translation of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from IUCN Pakistan, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from IUCN Pakistan.

Author Nadir Shah

Co-Author and Technical Review Naveed Ali Soomro

Review and Editing Ruxshin Dinshaw, IUCN Pakistan Danish Rashdi, IUCN Pakistan

Photographs IUCN, Zahoor Salmi Naveed Ali Soomro, IUCN Pakistan

Designe Azhar Saeed, IUCN Pakistan

Printed VM Printer (Pvt.) Ltd. Table of Contents

Chapter-1: Overview of Ecotourism and Chapter-4: Ecotourism at Cape Monze ...... 18 Sindh Coast ...... 02 4.1 Overview of Cape Monze ...... 18 1.1 Understanding ecotourism...... 02 4.2 Accessibility and key ecotourism 1.2 Key principles of ecotourism...... 03 destinations ...... 18 1.3 Main concepts in ecotourism ...... 04 4.3 Ecotourism activities ...... 19 1.4 Identifying ecotourism 4.4 Key stakeholders ...... 21 opportunities along Sindh coast ...... 06 4.5 Ecotourism packages ...... 21

08 Chapter-2: Ecotourism at Sandspit...... Chapter-5: Ecotourism at Keti Bunder ...... 24 2.1 Overview of Sandspit ...... 08 5.1 Overview of Keti Bunder ...... 24 2.2 Accessibility and key ecotourism 5.2 Accessibility and key destinations ...... 09 eco-destinations ...... 25 2.3 Ecotourism activities ...... 09 5.3 Ecotourism activities ...... 25 2.4 Key stakeholders...... 11 5.4 Key stakeholders ...... 28 2.5 Ecotourism packages...... 11 5.5 Ecotourism packages ...... 28

14 Chapter-3: Ecotourism at ...... Chapter-6: Ecotourism guidelines and 3.1 Overview of Rehri ...... 14 visitor satisfaction ...... 30 3.2 Accessibility and key ecotourism 6.1 Ecotourism experience ...... 30 destinations ...... 14 6.2 Nature tour guidelines ...... 31 3.3 Ecotourism activities ...... 15 6.3 Legal requirements and procedures ...... 34 3.4 Key stakeholders...... 17 6.4 Operations and safety ...... 34 3.5 Ecotourism packages...... 17 6.5 Achieving visitor satisfaction ...... 35 Chapter-1 Overview of Ecotourism and Sindh Coast

1.1 Understanding encompasses nature ‐based ecotourism adventure, soft adventure, and Ecotourism is an ethical and cultural . We’ll explore responsible form of tourism those terms below. To others, the which provides an opportunity for term ecotourism means healthy recreational activities and ecologically sustainable, low adventure. It explores the impact, culturally sensitive, ecological, cultural, historical and learning ‐oriented, and archaeological treasures of a community supporting tourism. In natural area while preserving its other words, ecotourism is integrity and enhancing economic small ‐scale, compatible with the development opportunities for environment, educational, and local communities. provides benefits to the communities in or close to which Ecotourism means different it occurs. It is often contrasted things to different people. To with mass tourism. some, it is the general term that 2 responsible business, which works cooperatively with local authorities and people to meet local needs and deliver conservation benefits.

- Direct revenues to the conservation and management of natural and protected areas.

- Emphasize the need for regional tourism and for visitor management plans designed for either regions or natural areas that are slated to become eco- destinations.

- Emphasize use of environmental and social base-line studies, as well as long-term monitoring programmes, to assess and minimize impacts.

- Strive to maximize economic benefit for the Sustainablility is defined as region engaging in ecotourism host country, local business “meeting the needs of the should develop its own and communities, present without compromising principles, guidelines and particularly people living in the ability of future generations certification procedures based and adjacent to natural and to meet their needs.” Another on the materials already protected areas. view holds that sustainable available internationally. This tourism is “ to natural process of creating international - Seek to ensure that that is beneficial to local certification guidelines is far development does not economies, respectful of the from being completed. exceed the social and environment, and sensitive to environmental limits of indigenous cultures.” Main features of ecotourism: acceptable change as - Minimize the negative determined by researchers 1.2 Key principles of impacts on nature and in cooperation with local ecotourism culture that can damage a residents. Because ecotourism was destination. originally just an idea, not a - Rely on infrastructure that discipline, many businesses and - Educate the traveller on the has been developed in governments promoted it importance of conservation. harmony with the without an understanding of its environment, minimizing use most basic principles. Each - Stress the importance of of fossil fuels, conserving

3 local plants and , and blending with the may have a seasonal run, and are organised by natural and cultural environment. family and medium scale operators alike, as well as highly organised groups. The business 1.3 Main concepts in ecotourism generated through these ecotours can run into millions of dollars and in some cases maybe a - Ecotour source of revenue for countries. By definition, an ecotour is a visit to a scenic or ecologically important area while attempting to For a well-planned ecotour, adequate planning is minimize the negative impacts on the environment required and the traveller must have prior and on the local or inhabitants. It also information about the culture, and entails a visit to an area that either contributes to environment of the area to be visited. Such the protection of the environment or minimizes travellers should be informed about dress code to damage to it. Ecotours, therefore, require be followed and properly briefed on arrival at the adequate planning and accessibility to resources destinations on the dos and don’ts. Well-trained so that there are no barriers in arranging travel to nature are necessarily required in a well- the desired destination. Globally, ecotours are designed ecotour, which may involve interaction created in a well-planned manner with an with communities as well. interactive learning experience. It introduces small groups of travellers to unique environments and In the case of Sindh, adequate planning is cultures while minimizing environmental impacts required for arranging any ecotours to the and supporting conservation efforts. Ecotours are selected sites. This may include a visit to a now arranged by local or international operators, , which requires special shoes and gear to visit the mudflats and walk these eco-destinations appropriate. Although no among pneumatophores. A similar visit to Cape guideline of a typical eco-destination is available, Monze in requires trekking gear and the basic principle is that such a site attracts equipment for study of underwater biodiversity. ecotourists because of the diversity of habitat, its historical importance or because of significant - Eco-destination archaeological remains. In general, plans for ecotours are made for areas whose ecological, historical or archaeological It is essential that an eco-destination should have significance is well established and must have natural features conserved within a protected adequate arrangements and facilities for tourists and if any development is made, it to visit key attractions. For example, if an ecotour should not impact negatively on it. It must also destination has a particular iconic animal, then be ensured that eco-tourism is not harming ecotourists may be able to see that animal in the natural systems such as creek areas, mudflats wild or witnesses some evidence of the presence and wildlife hotspots. However, the eco- of that animal. If this doesn’t happen, then the destination must have facilities for tourists, such eco-destination may not serve the purpose of as public showers and toilets as well as satisfying the need of the eco-tourists who and eateries. Along the Sindh coast, a typically look for experiences that provide a sense few sites have been proposed as eco- of closeness to nature. Such destinations will destinations where such infrastructure needs to attract more ecotourists where there is an placed, otherwise, the eco-destinations will not appropriate interaction with the local be attractive to a large number of travellers. communities, as it gives ecotourists a sense of integration with local communities. Large - Eco-lodge ecotourism setups are planned with built up, Lodging facilities are required at eco-destinations, walled-in complexes, golf courses, clubs and if these are located far from any major population other similar arrangements which possibly make centre. A Eco-lodge needs to be constructed and 5 managed with the aim that it conserves the In the case of Sindh, no adequate eco-lodges are surrounding environment, both natural as well as available at any of the proposed sites. However, cultural. It should be ensured that during the the eco-lodges should be established as per the construction, completion and operational phases, requirement and flow of travellers and visitors to there is minimal or no impact on the natural the site. This will not only enhance ecotourism, surroundings. Eco-lodges should be developed to but will also be a good source of income enhance aesthetic value, and fit into the physical generation for the local population. and cultural context with proper landscaping and colour selection. Preferably locally architecture 1.4 Identifying ecotourism needs to be adopted. These eco-lodges should opportunities along the not be a burden on the environment in terms of Sindh coast water use, water extraction and sewage and solid There are a great number of ecotourism waste disposal. Eco-lodges must contribute to opportunities along the Sindh coast which are sustainable local development and endeavour to described under the following three categories. involve local communities in the form of local eco- guides.

6 - Nature based attractions to be so difficult that most visitors would be Nature ‐based tourism consists of taking visitors unable to participate. Extreme adventure includes to see, photograph and experience natural more demanding and hazardous activities such as features or wildlife along the coast. It is , and boat riding, among others. sometimes called wildlife viewing , or geo ‐tourism. Examples are viewing, - Cultural attractions watching, and watching. is another form of ecotourism, and has great potential along the Sindh coast. It Visitor surveys show that tourists come to the can also be called . it includes Sindh coast to see wildlife. Pristine lagoons, experiencing the arts, heritage, and special creeks and coastlines can also serve as the basis character of a place. Heritage or cultural tourism for a nature ‐based tourism business in Sindh. showcases material culture, such as handicrafts, and intangible culture such as subsistence - Adventure based attractions activities, traditional cuisine and native dancing. Adventure tourism usually means activities that Examples of cultural attractions include bon fires, include an element of danger but are generally traditional cuisine, artwork and handicrafts, safe and do not require special training on the among others. part of clients. These activities are not considered 7 Chapter-2 Ecotourism at Sandspit

2.1 Overview of Sandspit years. In addition, about 200 In Pakistan, the most important Olive Ridley turtles used on this nesting beach for marine turtles is beach in the past; however, no located at Sandspit (Hawkes Bay) such nesting has been reported near Karachi. The beach lies from Sandspit or any other beach about 15km southwest of along the Pakistan coast over the Karachi. It is estimated that about last 12 years. 6,000 green turtles nest at Hawksbay–Sandspit annually 1. In The backwaters of Sandspit are addition, about 200 olive Ridley located at the extreme end of turtle used to nest this beach but Manora Channel on which unfortunately, no nesting of olive Karachi Port is located. These Ridley turtle has been reported backwaters are well known for from Sandspit or any other beach their mudflats and mangroves. along Pakistan for the last 12 Only one species of mangroves

1. Firdous F. turtle education and conservation in Karachi, Pakistan. ASEAN Reviews of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation (ARBEC) 2001. 8 Younasbad, turns west at village, and connects to Hawksbay Drive along . Alternatively, driving on Mauripur Road after crossing Mauripur, it turns west and continue till Hawksbay Drive. Turning left from Edi Chowk, if one takes a left turn on Hawksbay Drive, it will reach Sandspit beach.

Important destinations along Sandspit are limited, but include the turtle beach, Kakapir, rocky ledge at Kakapir, Manora approaches and Sandspit- Hawksbay sandy shore. Since Sandspit beach is limited to a small stretch of about 10 km, it is considered a package of the above-mentioned destinations. 2.3 Ecotourism activities Despite immense potential, ecotourism activities at Sandspit are limited to a few such in a year. The need for organizing regular (Avicennia marina) grows mudflats, turtle beach) it is the ecotourism activities in the profusely in the area. In second most visited beach Sandspit area cannot be over addition, a large variety of along the Pakistan coast. emphasized. The following marine use the mudflat for 2.2 Accessibility and key important activities could be feeding and breeding. ecotourism conducted. A brief description Flamingos, pelicans, terns, gull of each activity is given below. and waders can be seen in large destinations - Beach Leisure and Turtle numbers in the area. About 114 Sandspit is accessible from all species of birds have been weathered metalled roads that Watch reported from the area, among link Karachi, City to the western Sandspit beach is a marvellous which the majority are coast of Karachi. Mauripur road place where hundreds of Green migratory, and 66 are winter starts from Jinnah Bridge, and Olive Ridley turtles come visitors, which includs located at the junction of M. A. ashore every year for nesting. vulnerable species. Sandspit is Jinnah Road, M. T. Khan Road Visitors can watch the turtle an important beach along and Native Jetty Bridge. Turning coming ashore, digging pits and Karachi which is frequented by left from Gulbai flyover, Mauripur laying its eggs; and if they are picnickers, sport fishermen and Road passes through Hawksbay lucky enough, they may see the nature lovers. Because of the Truck Stand and then, crossing baby turtles hatch and travel proximity with Karachi and the Grax and Mauripur back to the sea with magical diversity of (sandy and settlements, it turns left onto movements. rocky shores, mangroves, Kakapir Road. This is through Season: August through January 9 - Dolphin Watch - Bird Watching The most unique eco-adventure opportunity At sunrise and sunset, it is pleasurable to relax Sandspit offers is the thrill of watching bottlenose and observe the variety of birds flitting about their and spinner in their natural splendour. feeding and resting grounds at Sandspit. In This enthralling activity starts with sunrise and winter, more than 20,000 migratory birds, provides a unique experience when these frisky including shore birds, visit Sandspit. dolphins get closer to the boat. Season: November through March Season: October through March - Camel and Horse Riding - Mangrove Forests Boating & Marsh A camel/horse ride through the saltpans and bird Trekking sighting trails, and along the seashore and Sandspit is an excellent destination for an beautiful adjoining , provide an adventurous boat ride through the backwater exciting and refreshing experience to nature channels and inside the lush green mangrove lovers. forests. This wilderness journey brings tourists Season: Throughout the year close to the mangroves so that they can enjoy these marvels of nature. The trek through the - Traditional cuisine natural marsh that trails inside the mangroves is a The fishing communities located in Sandspit are stirring experience, which allows tourists a closer known for their delicious seafood specialties. Fresh glimpse of the life teeming inside this coastal fish is fried, broiled or grilled and a number of ecosystem. dishes are cooked such as fish gravy, fish pulao, Season: Throughout the year fried fish and fish Cheema among others. Sandspit is the best destination if you love seafood. including watching the sunset: This package Season: Throughout the year will involve activities which may be started late in the afternoon and end at about 10:00 2.4 Key stakeholders PM after the turtle watch. The key stakeholders for ecotourism activities in l Boating in mangroves and bird watching: Kakapir are the Sindh Wildlife Department which This package may be arranged with the help can manage turtle watching, and WWF-Pakistan, of Kakapir community and will involve about which can arrange turtle and dolphin watches, one full day during which boating will be bird sighting, mangrove walks, visits to the done in creeks within the mangroves, Centre, and can also facilitate boat rides supplemented by bird watching in backwater mudflats. in the backwaters. The coastal community of l Dolphin Watch: This package will include a Kakapir can arrange ecotourism activities in boat ride in the open sea, scouting for mangrove areas, and on mudflats and sand dolphins and may be supplemented by beaches including boat rides. IUCN and other angling and sport fishing. environmental NGOs can also play an important l Visit to Wetland Centre: This package may role in various ecotourism activities in the area. include visiting WWF-Pakistan’s Wetland Additionally, life guards, hut owners, Pakistan Centre as well as a stroll on the mangrove Navy, , Police and local walkway. This package is suited for school administration are also important stakeholders. children and naturalists. 2.5 Ecotourism packages Additionally, in all the packages, picnic on the Although no packaged ecotourism activities have sandy beach with swimming, and camel or horse been arranged a number of activities can be riding may be included, which will be an added merged to develop a package for ecotourism in attraction for the tourists. Other packages can the area. Some of the packages can be: also be developed including visits to marginal l Turtle watch and mangrove excursion, areas of Sandspit. 11 One-day trip Package-1

S. No. Time Activity

1, 0700 to 0800 Travel from Karachi to Kakapir Village, Sandspit

2. 0800 to 0930 Boating in mangroves forest

3. 0930 to 1000 Bird watching in narrow channels of mangroves

4. 1000 to 1030 Refreshment / at Kakapir Village

5. 1030 to 1130 Camel and horse ride / Shell collection at the shore

6. 1130 to 1200 Traditional lunch of area

One-day trip Package-2

S. No. Time Activity

1. 0600 to 0700 Travel from Karachi to Kakapir Village, Sandspit

2. 0700 to 09:00 Dolphin watching

3. 0900 to 1030 Boating and bird watching in narrow channels of mangroves

4. 1030 to 1100 Trekking in the marshy land of mangroves

5. 1100 to 1130 Refreshment / tea at Kakapir Village

6. 1130 to 1200 Camel and horse ride on beach /Shell collection at the shore

7. 1200 to 1230 Traditional lunch of area

One-day trip Package-3

S. No. Time Activity

1. 1600 to 1700 Travel from Karachi to Kakapir Village Sandspit

2. 1700 to 1800 Boating in mangroves forest

3. 1800 to 1830 Bird watching

4. 1830 to 1900 Camel / horse riding

5. 1900 to 2000 Leisure time at beach with tea

6. 2000 to 2100 Traditional dinner

7. 2100 to 2400 Turtle watching

12 Two-day trip Package-4

S. No. Time Activity Day – 1

1. 0800 to 0900 Travel from Karachi to Kakapir Village, Sandspit

2. 0900 to 1100 Boating in mangroves forest

3. 1100 to 1130 Refreshment at Kakapir Village

4. 1130 to 1200 Beach sighting and visit to turtle nesting area/ Shell collection at the beach

5. 1200 to 1300 Traditional lunch

6. 1300 to 1700 Resting time in the huts

7. 1700 to 1730 Gathering at Sandspit

8. 1730 to 1830 Beach leisure time /Camel and horse ride

9. 1830 to 1900 Evening tea and refreshment at beach

10. 1900 to 2000 Folk music at the beach

11. 2000 to 2100 Traditional dinner

12. 2100 to 2300 Turtle watching Day – 2

1. 0700 to 0800 Breakfast at Zulfiqar

2. 0800 to 1000 Dolphin Watching

3. 1000 to 1130 Trekking in marshy mudflat of mangroves

4. 1130 to 1200 Nature walk through mangroves

5. 1200 to 1300 Traditional lunch

13 Chapter-3 Ecotourism at Rehri

3.1 Overview of Rehri A number of enthusiasts and Rehri is located in the Bin Qasim sport fishermen from Karachi go area on the western bank of to fishing grounds in the creek creek, almost at the system through Rehri Coast. In confluence of Korangi and Isaro addition, those who would like to creeks. It is a fishermen enjoy boating and sailing have a settlement known especially for better option there. fishermen that are engaged in fishing in the creek system of the 3.2 Accessibility and key River Indus. Most of the ecotourism fishermen are engaged in small- destinations scale fishing; however, because Rehri is accessible from National of increased due to Highway through YB Chowrangi dumping of waste from Flyover and Younus Textile Mill, , marine life along crossing and has almost vanished. through Rehri Road passing New

14 excursion trips are arranged. Considering this potential, the need for organizing regular ecotourism activities in the Rehri area is emphasized. Since the area is under the control of the Pakistan , the boats to visit the area are required to seek permission from PMSA.

- Mangroves Rehri boasts dense mangroves and is an important breeding, staging and wintering ground for a variety of Siberian water birds such as ducks, geese, flamingos, cormorants, pelicans and coots. An adventurous boat ride through the narrow channels covered with lush mangroves is a thrilling experience. Tourists can observe colourful birds flying overhead; fish jumping in the narrow waters; and traditional fishing boats going about their day’s work. The walk through the mangrove trails connects tourists with nature. Muzafarabad Colony and serene mudflats, a fort on Season: Throughout the year Bakhtawar Goth. It can also be Mangrove Island, the shrine of approached through Ibrahim Hussain Shah, Port - Crab Fishing Hayderi Coastal Road. By sea, it Qasim and Russian Beach. The creek system within the can be either approached from Darya Pir, Lait, Garho and Keti mangroves offers an ideal place or through Korangi Bunder can also be an for crab fishing. Using traditional Fish Harbour. However, because attraction for eco-tourists. baited traps, crabs can be of the construction and 3.3 Ecotourism activities caught during boat trips. The development work in the experience of cooking and Korangi Creek system, the sea Presently no ecotourism eating these crabs on-board is condition has considerably activities in the area are one that cannot be found at any changed and it can only be conducted in an organized restaurant. On a good day you reached during high tide manner. The coastal community may get a basket full of crabs to through Korangi Creek. of Rehri arranges boat tour of distribute among family and the mangrove areas and the . Fishing for other Important destinations along the fishing spots in the creek species is equally interesting Rehri area are extremely limited; system of Gharo-Phitti Creek. and enjoyable. however, the destinations in Despite immense potential, Season: Throughout the year Rehri Goth are mangrove ecotourism activities at Rehri swamps, meandering creeks, are limited and only a few such 15

One-day trip

S. No. Time Activity

1. 0900 to 1000 Traveling from Karachi to Rehri Goth

2. 1000 to 1100 Mangroves safari / bird watching

3. 1100 to 1130 Visit of Port Qasim area and the surrounding

4. 1130 to 1230 Visit and walk around Russian beach

5. 1230 to 1330 Sea food lunch / traditional lunch of the area

6. 1330 to 1430 Walk around the village to see the settlements of the fishing community

- Indigenous Wisdom Feast with Folk Music 3.4 Key stakeholders under the Moonlight The key stakeholders for ecotourism activities in Folk music, sharing of indigenous ecological Rehri Goth are Port Qasim Authority, Korangi Fish knowledge and the serving of traditional cuisine, Harbour Authority, Sindh Wildlife Department, complemented by a cool sea breeze and the Sindh Forest Department, WWF-Pakistan, IUCN, moon peeking through the clouds provides a the local administration, police, and Pakistan tranquil and memorable experience. Maritime Security Agency. Coastal communities Season: Throughout the year and CBOs of the area which arrange boat trips and sport fishing excursions, are the most - Indigenous Crafts important stakeholders. These stakeholders can Rehri is famous for its cultural art work. The sale play an important role in various ecotourism of traditional craft souvenirs is one of the tourist activities of the area. attractions in the area. 3.5 Ecotourism packages

- Dolphin Watching Although no packaged ecotourism activities are available or offered by any stakeholders, a Rehri offers an amazing experience of watching number of activities can be merged to develop a marine dolphins jumping and splashing close by package for ecotourism in the area. Some of the the boat. It is great fun to see dolphins in their packages can be: natural habitat. Both families and friends will find l Boating in mangroves and bird watching: this a memorable experience. This will make you This package may be arranged with the help feel very close to nature and its amazing of Rehri Goth community and will involve creatures. about one whole day during which boating Season: October through March will be done in the creeks within mangroves. This could be supplemented by bird - Bird Watching watching in backwater mudflats. Bird watching is a mesmerizing experience in the l Fishing trip: This package will include a boat coastal waters of Rehri. You can see diverse ride in the mangrove area and fishing, species of birds sitting, swimming and flying angling and sport fishing. overhead. You can observe local as well as l Visit to Port Qasim Area: This package may migratory birds visiting the area. Do not miss this include a visit to Port Qasim Area through activity at Rehri, if you love bird watching. sea and landings at Russian Beach. This Season: November through March package will suit for school and college children as it will provide them exposure to the operations of the Port. l Visit to Shrine of Ziarat Hussain Shah as well a boat ride to fort in the mangroves. 17 Chapter-4 Ecotourism at Cape Monze

4.1 Overview of Cape and small sandy beaches. Monze 4.2 Accessibility and key Cape Monze, locally known as Ras Mauri, is located to the west ecotourism of Karachi. It is at the end of the destinations Kirthar Range, and is a southwest There are two land routes. The plunging anticline located at the first is from Goth Mubbarak, southern end of the Kirthar Fold which starts from Hawksbay Belt. It is situated at the south of Road and moves towards the Goth Mubbarak. Cape Monze is north from Buleji. Passing known for a light house which is through mountains and gullies located on flat ground in front of one has to cross Goth Mubbarak a chain of mountains ending in Dam. Going through hillocks, the the sea. There is a beautiful sand vehicle has to be stopped at beach at Cape Monze and inter- PALS Outdoor Beach. From here mittent patches of rocky shores onwards, through the

18 4.3 Ecotourism activities Presently no organized ecotourism activities are conducted in this area. However, some of the sport fishermen and picnickers visit Cape Monze during October to March and a few SCUBA divers come to this beach for underwater pleasure activities. Some of the following important ecotourism activities could be conducted here.

- Wilderness Cape Monze is an exciting place to discover and enjoy the outdoor environment, encouraging respect for and appreciation of the natural world. Wilderness camping at this majestic place offers adventure- filled opportunities, from sunbathing to swimming, surfing, fishing, hiking and trekking through the hilly area, and bonfires under the moonlight. Tourists can learn about the cultural history, wisdom and extreme end of the Kirther range not generally allowed, a few folklore of the indigenous people can be enjoyed. Once down the people go to Cape Monze using of Mubarak village. Experiencing mountain, Cape Monze beach boats based in Kemari. delicious traditional seafood is can be accessed. The alternate an unforgettable part of the route is the extension of the There is no specific or separate camping experience. Hawksbay, passes through destination in Cape Monze area, Season: September through Karachi Nuclear Power Plant however, rocky shores and April and Paradise Point, Neelum sandy beaches as well as arid Point, Pasha Bunder and leads mountains and hills are some of - Snorkelling/Eco-diving to PNS Nathiagali. The road the destinations for the A newly discovered coral reef at passes through mountains and ecotourists visiting the area. is now an meanders through rocky cliff Located about 4 km from Cape attractive diving destination. The and finally reaches Cape Monze, there is a 40 foot long brightly coloured, sculpture-like Monze. In order to use this grave at the top of one of the corals are a testament to nature route, special permission must mountains, which is worth artistry. The magnificence of this be sought from the Pakistan visiting. Visit to lighthouse at natural scenery indicates the Navy, and it is not open to the Cape Monze is also a unique ecological health of the coastal general public. Usually it is very experience. ecosystem. Churna is an ideal difficult to get permission to place for scuba diving, travel on this route. Although, snorkelling, cliff jumping, skin

19 diving and underwater photography. - Dolphin and Whale Shark Watching Season: November through March Watching majestic marine dolphins and whale sharks in the wild, swimming close to the boat, is - Adventure Excursion to Churna Island phenomenal. It is fascinating to watch dolphins Pristine and picture-perfect, Churna Island is swimming near the surface, and taking the tour on worth travelling to. Located around 14 km from a traditional fishing boat with the fishermen from Cape Monze, Churna Island can easily be Mubarak village sharing traditional ecological accessed by boat. It is a well-known biodiversity knowledge and folk wisdom is both intriguing and hot spot and is considered an abode for large informative. whales, whale sharks and sunfish, as well as a Season: November through March major coral habitat. The serene blue sea is captivatingly beautiful. Sport fishing at this - Trekking and hiking location is an ideal activity and can be undertaken If you love high mountains, blue skies, and clear even by an amateur. waters, then Cape Monze is the place for you. Season: November through March Trekking and hiking are the two popular outdoor activities here, and your time in the mountains will grant you a welcome respite from the dust and educational cycling tour that could ideally be pollution of city life. performed in the morning or evening. Season: Throughout the year Season: September through April

- Sun-bathing 4.4 Key stakeholders The bright sun and refreshing air at the pristine The key stakeholders for ecotourism activities in calm beach of Cape Monze make it the best point Cape Monze area are , Ministry of for sunbathing and relaxing. Maritime Affairs, the Pakistan Maritime Security Season: November through March Agency, Police, , IUCN WWF- Pakistan and the local administration. These - Eco-cycling stakeholders can play an important role in Eco-cycling from Mubarak village to Cape Monze developing various ecotourism activities in the is an exciting and awesome experience, and area. brings you close to the beautiful landscape of Cape Monze. With eco-cycling, one gets rid of the 4.5 Ecotourism packages hustle and bustle of the city and can discover the Although no packaged ecotourism activities are wonders of nature. This is basically an currently available or offered by any stakeholders, a number of activities can be merged to develop l Visit to a 40 foot long grave on the top of one 1-3 days packages for ecotourism based on the of the mountains. number of people and their interest. These l If boats are made available, dolphin watching, packages can cover following activities: snorkelling and SCUBA diving can be other l Hiking ever the last part of the Kirthar Range activities that can be carried out in the area. in Cape Monze area. This may include l In addition, in all the packages a picnic on watching wildlife such as hares, foxes, the sandy beach with swimming and camel jackals, porcupines and hedgehogs, as well or horse riding may be included which will be as desert birds. an added attraction for the tourists. Other l Visit to lighthouse tower and rocky shore packages can also be developed including during low tides. visits to marginal areas of Cape Monze.

One-day trip Package-1

S. No. Time Activity

1. 0600 to 0900 Travel from Karachi to Cape Monze, Mubarak Village

2. 0900 to 1000 Dolphin / Whale shark watching

3. 1000 to 1100 Boating towards Charna Island

4. 1100 to 1130 Hook fishing near Charna Island

5. 1130 to 1200 Hiking and trekking on Charna Island

6. 1200 to 1300 Heading towards Sonheri Beach

7. 1300 to 1400 Lunch at the huts on Sonheri Beach

8. 1400 to 1500 Eco cycling towards Mubarak Village

9. 1500 to 1600 Visit of old ruins of village in Mubarak Village

10. 1600 to 1630 Refreshment and tea at the visiting spot

11. 1630 to 1730 Visit of the consecutive beach of Mubarak Village

22 Two-day trip Package-2

S. No. Time Activity Day – 1

1. 0600 to 0900 Travel from Karachi to Cape Monze

2. 0900 to 1100 Dolphin / Whale shark watch

3. 1100 to 1200 Heading towards charna island

4. 1200 to 1230 Hook fishing near charna island

5. 1230 to 1300 Trekking and hiking on charna island

6. 1300 to 1400 Heading towards Sonheri Beach

7. 1400 to 1430 Sea food lunch at Sonheri beach

8. 1430 to 1530 Eco cycling towards Mubarak Village

9. 1530 to 1600 Refreshment and tea at Mubarak Village

10. 1600 to 2000 Relaxing time

11. 2000 to 2100 Traditional dinner with folk music

12 2100 to 2200 Visit of the turtle beach Day – 2

1. 0600 to 0700 Sun rise watch from Mubarak Village

2. 0700 to 0800 Breakfast at Mubarak Village

3. 0800 to 1000 Visit of old ruins of village in Mubarak Village

4. 1000 to 1100 Sun bathing at the three consecutive small beach of Mubarak Village

5. 1100 to 1200 Trekking on the mountains of Mubarak Village

6. 1200 to 1300 Traditional lunch at Mubarak Village

23 Chapter-5 Ecotourism at Keti Bunder

5.1 Overview of a Deltaic depended on . Red site of Keti Bunder rice was considered to be the Keti Bunder is a small fishing main agricultural commodity, and settlement in the . It it was exported to other stretches over an area of 60,969 countries. ha and is located in the delta of the River Indus. There are four Keti Bunder is known for its major creeks in the area namely mangrove forests which are Chann, Hajamro, Khobar and categorized as “Protected Kangri. Fishing is the major Forests”. Due to reduction in source of livelihood and about fresh water flow in the Indus 90% of the local population is Delta, the mangroves forests engaged in fishing activities. have completely vanished from Previously, freshwater from the Kangri, Goro, and Turchan River Indus engulfed this area; creeks. In Hajamro creek therefore, the locals largely mangroves exist in small 24 which are small settlements. A major part of the road is weathered and metalled, though there is a small patch near Keti Bunder that is still not adequately paved. Keti Bunder can also be accessed through the creek system. Depending on the type and speed of the boat, it will take about 6 to 8 hours from Karachi (Ibrahim ) to Keti Bunder.

There are a number of fascinating points which have their unique features. Keti Bunder town, Hajamro Creek, Kharo Chan, Turshian Creek, various islands of the area as well as open sea along the mouth of the creeks can be attractive destinations for tourists who intend to visit Keti Bunder. These places bristle with rich biodiversity including important and .

5.3 Ecotourism activities quantities. However, Keti area. Although the area is in Bunder was once famous for isolation and located at a Although there is great vast fields of crops like rice, distance of around 150 km from ecotourism potential in the betel leaf and banana, and Karachi, it still offers a great area, no organized ecotourism poultry farming was potential for ecotourism. The activities are conducted. The considered a lucrative mangrove ecosystem and Coastal community of Keti business. The residents have deltaic conditions offered by Bunder sometimes organizes now run out of income Keti Bunder cannot be matched boat tours to mangroves as generation options due to the with other areas along the well as fishing spots in the decreasing water level of the Pakistan coast. creek system of Hajamro and River Indus. The residents Dablo creeks. Despite immense have built embankments 5.2 Accessibility and key potential, ecotourism activities around their small settlements eco-destinations at Keti Bunder are limited only to keep seawater away, as this Keti Bunder is approximately to a few excursion trips. often inundates their houses. 150 km from Karachi. It can be Considering this potential, reached from National Highway. there is a need for organizing Despite the pitiful living Just after crossing Gharo Town, regular ecotourism activities in conditions in Keti Bunder, it is a coastal road leads to Keti the Keti Bunder area. Below is an important fishing centre of Bunder. The road passes a brief description of a few Sindh and a large number of through Lait, Mirpur Sakro, ecotourism activities at fishing boats are based in the Buhara, Garho and Baghan, the site. 25

- - Wildlife sighting If you love nature and want to enjoy it in all its Keti Bunder is an unimaginably beautiful paradise forms and hues, then camping at Keti Bunder is of unique wild species that tourists can enjoy all the right choice. The view of the creeks and small the year round. Around 50,000 water birds come settlements is fantastic. Tourists can spot a large to visit this area. It is a hotspot for wild animals number of local as well as migratory birds in the such as the Asiatic jackal, wild boar, and fishing morning and evening. Sunrise and sunset provide cat; different species of lizards are commonly stunning opportunities for photo enthusiasts. observed here. The area provides a spectacular Season: September through April opportunity for photo enthusiasts. Season: throughout the year - Mangroves watch Visiting mangrove forests at Keti Bunder gives - An excursion to marine life you a glimpse of the beauty and elegance of The coastal waters around Keti Bunder are home these . It is the closest thing to having to rare marine species; particularly common are an authentic immersion in untainted natural spinner and humpback dolphins, and finless scenery. You will find the maze of trees humming porpoises. Seeing gigantic marine animals just a with life and the soft sounds of small marine few metres from the fishing boat is a stunning animals splashing in the water. A trip to the experience. mangroves at Hajamro creek is a rare learning Season: throughout the year experience. It can unravel the beauty of lush forests and tourists can enjoy the delicate - Recreational Fishing environment replete with diverse fish and bird The coast of Keti Bunder is inhabited by green species. and lush mangroves, where diverse species of Season: August through May fish arrive to lay their eggs. Angling provides the 27 best experience, and visitors can enjoy coming in 5.5 Ecotourism packages close contact with waters and the fish. Although no packaged ecotourism activities are Season: September through April available or offered by any organization, a number of activities can be merged to develop a package - Sailing/Boating trips for ecotourism in the area. Some of the packages Sailing with the support of paddles in coastal can covering following activities based on the waters is a unique experience. There are many number of tourists and their interest in the spots along the coast where boating competitions destinations: could be held with the support of local fishermen. l Boating in mangroves and bird watching: Season: September through April This package may be arranged with the help of the Keti Bunder community, and will - Cultural gatherings and festivals involve about one full day during which Get-togethers at night are the hallmark of Keti boating will be done in creeks within Bunder. Sharing folklore and exchanging wise mangroves, supplemented by bird watching words are the norm for the natives of the area. in backwater mudflats. Season: throughout the year l Fishing trip: This package will include a boat ride in the mangrove area and fishing, 5.4 Key stakeholders angling and sport fishing. l Visit to Kharo Chan: This package may The key stakeholders for ecotourism activities in include a visit to Kharo Chan through the Keti Bunder are the Sindh Wildlife Department, creek system in order to experience how Sindh Forest Department, IUCN, WWF-Pakistan, local communities are living on the islands. the local administration, police, Pakistan Maritime l Dolphin Watch: This package will include a Security Agency, Pakistan Coast Guard, and boat ride in the Hajamro creek near the open Pakistan Marine (Pakistan Navy). The coastal sea, scouting for dolphins, and can be communities and CBOs of the area that arrange supplemented by angling and sport fishing. boat trips and sport fishing excursions are the most important stakeholders. All these stakeholders can play an important role in promotion of various ecotourism activities at Keti Bunder.

One-day trip Package-1

S. No. Time Activity

1. 0800 to 1200 Travel from Karachi to Keti Bunder

2. 1200 to 1230 Traditional lunch at Keti Bunder

3. 1230 to 1330 Boating in the mangroves forest / bird watching

4. 1330 to 1430 Crab catching/ fishing

5. 1430 to 1530 Trekking in the mangroves forest

6. 1530 to 1600 Visit of small villages in the creek by boats

7. 1600 to 1830 Evening tea at Keti Bunder

28 Two-day trip Package-2

S. No. Time Activity Day – 1

1. 0800 to 1200 Travel from Karachi to Keti Bunder

2. 1200 to 1300 Travelling to Chan Island (camp site ) through boats from mangroves forest

3. 1300 to 1600 Camp setting at camp site

4. 1600 to 1800 Birds and wildlife watching in the mangroves forest

5. 1800 to 1830 Sunset view from mouth of creek

6. 1830 to 1900 Boating around the mangroves/ trekking on the muddy flats of mangroves

7. 1900 to 2000 Preparation of dinner

8. 2000 to 2300 Folk music with dinner Day – 2

1. 0600 to 0700 Sun rise watch and early morning boating in river

2. 0700 to 0900 Dolphin watch

3. 0900 to 1000 Breakfast at camp site

4. 1000 to 1100 Hook fishing / Crab catching

5. 1100 to 1200 Sailing and boating

6. 1200 to 1300 Traditional lunch at Keti Bunder and walk around the village to see the rural settlements

29 Chapter-6 Ecotourism guidelines and visitor satisfaction

6.1 Ecotourism individuals in some cases are an experience unforgettable experience. For The development of the example, seeing a dolphin or ecotourism industry has opened whale performing in a marine new avenues for aquarium show is a great entrepreneurship, and investment experience but watching a pod of in , and the dolphins in the wild gives much facilitation industry. Ecotourism more satisfaction and excitement. has turned into a billion-dollar It is a similar case with wild cats. industry and for some Seeing these cats in or in a entrepreneurs it is a bonanza, circus can be depressing because it is one of quickest because of their confinement and ways to get a good return for limited movement. However, their investment. The ecotours when one looks at them in the arranged for specific groups or wild, it is a mesmerizing 30 dwellers, it is really exciting to see a dense forest with amazing biodiversity. Likewise, an ecotourist would enjoy the mesmerising scenery of Cape Monze, just on the outskirts of Karachi. It would certainly leave an indelible impact on his/her mind when looking at a beautiful lighthouse with an amazing beach and diverse underwater life.

6.2 Nature tour guidelines As compared to general tour guides, the nature tour guides have in-depth information about the , biodiversity and uniqueness of the area. Such guides are required to learn about the habitat, fauna and flora of the area and also have detailed information about the habitat of the important animals. They are generally compared with the guides for hunters and . They are known to be familiar with the behaviour of experience. It creates great ecosystems (such as coral reefs the important animals and their curiosity and urges the watcher or rainforests). When these habitats. They also properly to learn more about these people get a chance to visit the brief the ecotourists about the marvellous animals habitat where these animals are behaviour and nature of the found, it proves to be a animals living in any specific The same is true for memorable experience that habitat. archaeological sites and ancient provides not only satisfaction cultures Reading about a but also generates interest in The training of nature tour particular archaeological site or contributing more towards guides is essential. No doubt a vanishing culture generates conservation initiatives. the locals of the area may have curiosity, but visiting such a site Similarly, visit to threatened knowledge and awareness gives more insight into the habitats such as coral reefs or about the animals and plants culture and living standard of rain forests will give a level of found in a certain habitat, but a those people. satisfaction and develop an trained nature tour must urge for further protection of the have adequate education, It is due to environmental fragile ecosystem. knowledge and experience awareness that a large number about the peculiar species of people contribute towards In the case of the Sindh coast, a found in the area. For example, conservation of some of the visit to the mangroves is usually a forest tourist guide from threatened animals of fragile an amazing experience. For city mountainous areas will be 31

helpless and bewildered in a mangrove forest description of a few regulations related to because of the uniqueness of the mangroves ecotourism is given below. which grow in mud and are inundated during high tides. Even the pneumatophores in mangroves and Restaurant Act: The purpose of this Act make an untrained guide disoriented in the area. was to provide measures for controlling and regulating the standards of the hotel industry and In the case of the Sindh coast, no such training or service and provision of amenities for tourists in awareness programme is available for the nature hotels and restaurants. This Act has served the tour guides. A manual about the habitat, hospitality business i.e. hotels and restaurants biodiversity and standard procedures for visiting since 1976. After the devolution of tourism from important ecological sites is essentially required. the federal to the provincial government, only the Visiting any sites of ecological or archaeological government of has made importance without taking any trained and certain amendments in tourism laws; such knowledgeable will be purposeless and amendments have not been made in Sindh. disastrous in some cases. For example, a visit to Similarly, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Government a mangrove forest requires a trained guide to has enacted the Travel Agencies Amendment Act manoeuvre in this dense and unique forest. 2013 for the development, regulation and control of the profession of travel agencies. 6.3 Legal requirements and procedures The Sindh Tourist Guides Act 2011: This provides There is no specific law that deals with eco- for the regulation and control of the profession of , either at federal or provincial tourist guides. The Sindh Travel Agencies Act levels. The Federal Government regulated the 2011 was enacted to provide for the hotel and restaurant component of the tourism development, regulation and control of the industry by using the power conferred on it by the profession of travel agencies in the . This provincial legislatures under Article 144 of the act defines a tourist as a person normally residing Constitution, which allowed Parliament to outside Pakistan, who enters it and remains in the legislate on any subject if so requested by two or country for not less than twenty-four hours and more provincial assemblies. It had legislated on not more than six months in the course of any travel agencies and tourist guides under a rather year, for purposes such as touring, recreation, contested use of legislative power – these sports, health, study, religious or subjects are not reflected in the Federal business. It also includes a citizen of Pakistan Legislative List or the Concurrent Legislative List. who within Pakistan or proceeds abroad Prior to devolution, tourism was controlled by the for any of the said purposes. It can be seen that Ministry of Tourism, with eco-tourism is not covered as such in any of the its subordinate hierarchy in the shape of the Sindh laws. Department of Tourism Services. The Department of Tourism Services dealt with all aspects of the As such no regulatory procedure has been set up Tourism Industry - travel agencies, hotels and for eco-tourism which is essentially required to restaurants, and tourist guides. manage such a specialized tourism. In the absence of specific laws and procedures, eco- All laws pertaining to the tourism industry were tourism faces a number of difficulties and promulgated in 1976. These enactments were hindrances which need to be addressed based on the ethos of the 60s and the adequately. Government’s desire to control prices through 6.4 Operations and safety legislation. The enforcement mechanism required to implement these laws was weak, the industry The following operations and safety measures are was never effectively regulated, and enforcement required: of standards was not properly ensured. A brief

34 - Conveying a sense of safety management of resources (human and financial), While travelling for the purpose of eco-tourism, coordination and communications procedures, the organizers must appraise the eco-tourists of and being aware of a range of technical and the safety measures that have to be adhered to logistical responses. This planning is a during their visit. In almost all coastal tourism in management tool that involves all supporting Sindh, life jackets need to be made available for sectors of tourisms, such as transportation, at least those tourists who are taking a boat trip. communication, health among others which Similarly, such boats must have life guards on require timely and effective provision of aid to board so that they can assist the eco-tourists in those in need. case of any mishap. Further, these tourists must also be made aware of the local traditions and The contingency plan may be documented and all norms of the communities. Safety and security concerned agencies and persons must have measures for ecotourists may be documented in access to it. The role and responsibility of each the form of pamphlets and should be provided to agency and person should be well defined. The the tourists before the start of their travel. contact details and phone numbers of those people involved may be made available to the - Contingency plan eco-tourist as well. For any ecotour, a contingency plan should be in place to deal with any mishap. A contingency - Response to accident plan for ecotourism aims to prepare an organizer Eco-lodges or eco-destinations should have to respond well to an emergency and to its adequate facilities and equipment to deal with potential impacts. Such a contingency plan may accidents. This may include road accidents, and involve making decisions in advance about the mishaps such as drowning. There should be

35 persons including ecotour guides who are trained 6.5 Achieving visitor satisfaction to immediately responsd to accidents. There It is necessary that the ecotour organizer ensure should be coordination with local hospitals and tourist satisfaction while embarking on any medicare facilities. In case of serious accident, ecotourism travel. Some of the factors which are ambulances and a quick response system should considered for satisfaction of an eco-tourist may be accessible to the ecotourists. First aid facilities include easy accessibility, proper accommodation may be available at all eco-destinations. In case and amenities, quality food/meals and desired of fatalities, an adequate system for tourism attractions. It is well known that satisfied transportation of bodies must be available, and tourists will not only revisit the place, but also ecotourists must be assisted in the legal recommend it to others – families and friends. In formalities which are required in case of fatal addition to this, increasing the level of satisfaction accidents. will reduce the number of tourists’ complaints. On the other hand, tourist satisfaction will not be - First-aid box achieved unless the tourists feel that the quality A First Aid box should be available to ecotourists received is greater than the money paid. all the time, with supplies and equipment that is Ecotourists are generally satisfied if they are able used to give medical treatment. There is a wide to see the iconic animals of the area or get variation in the items of first aid kits which range mesmerized by the natural beauty. Sometimes, from treatment of minor to major injuries. Typical minor things such as skilful treatment of guests, contents of a first aid box may include adhesive friendly attitude, cordiality and kindness, flexibility bandages, regular strength pain medication, and care for the guests’ privacy help to win their gauze and low grade disinfectant. However, hearts and minds. It is rightly said that hospitality specialized first aid kits are available for various should be an attitude of tourism works to provide regions, vehicles or activities, which may focus on all kind of support to ecotourists. specific risks or concerns related to the activity.

36 Disclaimer: This ‘Sindh Coast: A marvel of nature – An Ecotourism Guidebook’ was made possible with support from the American people delivered through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of IUCN Pakistan and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of USAID or the U.S. Government.

Published by IUCN Pakistan

Copyright © 2017 International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Citation is encouraged. Reproduction and/or translation of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from IUCN Pakistan, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from IUCN Pakistan.

Author Nadir Ali Shah

Co-Author and Technical Review Naveed Ali Soomro

Review and Editing Ruxshin Dinshaw, IUCN Pakistan Danish Rashdi, IUCN Pakistan

Photographs IUCN, Zahoor Salmi Naveed Ali Soomro, IUCN Pakistan

Designe Azhar Saeed, IUCN Pakistan

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