Vol. 2 No. 18 May 1, 2020
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Vol. 2 No. 18 May 1, 2020 Announcements The 18th National Publicity Week of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control — April 25 to May 1, 2020 299 Preplanned Studies Investigation on Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders — China, 2018−2019 299 Distribution of Asbestos Enterprises and Asbestosis Cases — China, 1997−2019 305 Perspectives Steps Forward to Improve Occupational Health — China 310 History of the Development of the Reporting System of Occupational Diseases and Occupational Disease List in China 314 Notifiable Infectious Diseases Reports Reported Cases and Deaths of National Notifiable Infectious Diseases — China, March, 2020 319 China CDC Weekly Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief George F. Gao Deputy Editor-in-Chief Liming Li Gabriel M Leung Zijian Feng Executive Editor Feng Tan Members of the Editorial Board Xiangsheng Chen Xiaoyou Chen Zhuo Chen (USA) Xianbin Cong Gangqiang Ding Xiaoping Dong Mengjie Han Guangxue He Xi Jin Biao Kan Haidong Kan Qun Li Tao Li Zhongjie Li Min Liu Qiyong Liu Jinxing Lu Huiming Luo Huilai Ma Jiaqi Ma Jun Ma Ron Moolenaar (USA) Daxin Ni Lance Rodewald (USA) RJ Simonds (USA) Ruitai Shao Yiming Shao Xiaoming Shi Yuelong Shu Xu Su Chengye Sun Dianjun Sun Hongqiang Sun Quanfu Sun Xin Sun Jinling Tang Kanglin Wan Huaqing Wang Linhong Wang Guizhen Wu Jing Wu Weiping Wu Xifeng Wu (USA) Zunyou Wu Fujie Xu (USA) Wenbo Xu Hong Yan Hongyan Yao Zundong Yin Hongjie Yu Shicheng Yu Xuejie Yu (USA) Jianzhong Zhan Liubo Zhang Rong Zhang Tiemei Zhang Wenhua Zhao Yanlin Zhao Zhijie Zheng (USA) Maigeng Zhou Xiaonong Zhou Baoping Zhu (USA) Advisory Board Director of the Advisory Board Xinhua Li Vice-Director of the Advisory Board Yu Wang Jianjun Liu Members of the Advisory Board Chen Fu Gauden Galea (Malta) Dongfeng Gu Qing Gu Yan Guo Ailan Li Jiafa Liu Peilong Liu Yuanli Liu (USA) Roberta Ness (USA) Guang Ning Minghui Ren Chen Wang Hua Wang Kean Wang Xiaoqi Wang Zijun Wang Fan Wu Xianping Wu Jianguo Xu Gonghuan Yang Tilahun Yilma (USA) Guang Zeng Xiaopeng Zeng Yonghui Zhang Editorial Office Directing Editor Feng Tan Managing Editors Lijie Zhang Qian Zhu Scientific Editors Ning Wang Ruotao Wang Editors Weihong Chen Yu Chen Peter Hao (USA) Xudong Li Jingxin Li Xi Xu Qing Yue Ying Zhang Cover photo: Field dust measurement in a ferrosilicon smelter, Haidong City, Qinghai Province. China CDC Weekly Announcements Preplanned Studies The 18th National Publicity Investigation on Work-Related Week of Occupational Disease Musculoskeletal Disorders Prevention and Control — — China, 2018−2019 April 25 to May 1, 2020 Ning Jia1; Huadong Zhang2; Ruijie Ling3; Yimin Liu4; Gang Li5; Zaoliang Ren6; Yan Yin7; Hua Shao8; The 18th Publicity Week of the Law on Hengdong Zhang9; Bing Qiu10; Meibian Zhang11; Prevention and Control of Occupational Disease Dayu Wang12; Qiang Zeng13; Rugang Wang14; will be held from April 25 to May 1 of this year Jianchao Chen15; Danying Zhang16; Liangying Mei17; and has been held since 2003. Yongquan Liu18; Jixiang Liu19; Chengyun Zhang20; China has the largest working population in the Tianlai Li21; Qing Xu1; Ying Qu1; Xueyan Zhang1; world with about 776 million workers with most Xin Sun1,#; Zhongxu Wang1,# of them spending at least half their lives working (1). Globalization and industry revolution bring the coexistence of traditional and modern Summary occupational hazards and present both current and What is already known about this topic? future challenges in occupational health. To fully implement national deployments of Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) occupational disease prevention and control and have a high prevalence and seriously harmful, which protect workers’ health, the National Health has attracted extensive attention in various countries in Commission of China has launched a series of the world. Currently, the occurrence and rules of activities during the Publicity Week themed with WMSDs in key industries are not known in China. “Occupational Health Protection, Time to Act.” What is added by this report? Focused on the Occupational Health Protection The prevalence of WMSDs is relatively high among Campaign and the Action Plan for Prevention and professional populations in key industries in China, Control of Pneumoconiosis, primary activities during this week include promoting knowledge with the most commonly affected body parts and awareness of occupational health in concentrated in neck, shoulders, and low back and businesses, providing occupational health increasing with age and working years. management training, conducting questionnaire What are the implications for public health surveys about awareness of core knowledge on practice? occupational health, and showcasing excellent This study determined the prevalence and distribution publicizing portfolios of occupational health. characteristics of WMSDs in key industries in China The publicity week is a comprehensive strategy and provided scientific evidence to recommend for to prevent and control occupational diseases and inclusion of WMSDs in the new revision of the list of to promote work on occupational health, aiming to disseminate knowledge of occupational health, occupational diseases in China. improve workers’ awareness, and integrate the resources of the government, employers, workers, Recent research indicates that an estimated 20% of and other stakeholders to prioritize occupational lower back and neck pain in adults is attributable to health protection. occupation exposure worldwide (1). These work- doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2020.076 related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) result from many adverse ergonomic factors in the workplace, Submitted: April 22, 2020; Accepted: April 23, 2020 such as heavy physical load operation, repetitive work, awkward working posture, occupational stress, bad REFERENCES working organization, and other problems. Workers exposed to these adverse ergonomics factors for a long 1. National Health Commission. National development of medical and health statistical bulletin in 2018. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/ time are easy to cause part muscle fatigue. Such long- guihuaxxs/s10748/201905/9b8d52727cf346049de8acce25ffcbd0. term chronic accumulation may eventually lead to shtml. [2020-3-24]. (In Chinese). WMSDs. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention CCDC Weekly / Vol. 2 / No. 18 299 China CDC Weekly In recent decades, WMSDs have become region, eastern region, central region, southern region, increasingly prominent and affect all parts of an southwestern region, northwestern region, and individual’s life. In 2002, the International Labour northeastern region, and involved 14 industries or Organization (ILO) explicitly added musculoskeletal working groups including automobile manufacturing, diseases to the list of international occupational footwear manufacturing, bio-pharmaceutical manu- diseases (Recommendation 194). Musculoskeletal facturing, electronic equipment manufacturing, diseases are further detailed in the latest occupational shipbuilding and related equipment manufacturing, disease list that was approved and went into effect by petrochemical industry, construction industry, coal mining and washing and dressing industry, animal the ILO in 2010 (2). Since the 1990s, China has been * paying attention to WMSDs and has carried out husbandry, medical staff, 4S automobile store , related research on its epidemiological characteristics, vegetable greenhouses, flight attendants, toy manufacturing, etc. The prevalence rate of WMSDs (a risk factors, and occurrence mechanism. So far, much WMSD in any body part is listed as a case) among the of the existing research has focused on local areas or total working population was 42.9%, and the enterprises, and these results can only reflect the prevalence of WMSDs in each body part fluctuates occurrence of WMSDs in a certain working between 7.5% and 27.0% with the highest three body populations and lack the occurrence and rules of parts being the neck (27.0%), shoulders (22.4%), and WMSDs in key industries nationwide. Therefore, this lower back (17.6%) (Table 1). The prevalence of study conducted a large-scale epidemiological survey WMSDs in different regions of China was significantly on key industries in different regions to investigate the different (p<0.05), and the prevalence of WMSDs in prevalence and distribution characteristics of WMSDs each region ranked from highest to lowest was the in key industries in China and to explore the central region (51.4%), northwestern region (51.2%), epidemiological characteristics. An epidemiological northeastern region (49.8%), northern region (48.6%), cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the southwestern region (42.9%), southern region occurrence of WMSDs among the above-mentioned (42.3%), and eastern region (37.9%) (Figure 1). There subjects using the electronic questionnaire system of were statistical differences in the prevalence of “Chinese Version of Musculoskeletal Disorders WMSDs among occupational groups in different Questionnaire,” which has been the standard for such industries (p<0.05), and the three industries with the surveys so far (3). highest prevalence of WMSDs were biopharmaceutical The case definition most commonly employed by manufacturing (66.4%), vegetable greenhouse the National Institute of Occupational Safety and (60.5%), and medical staff (55.6%). Health (NIOSH) required satisfaction of all of the The difference of prevalence of WMSDs between following criteria (4): age groups and working age groups was statistically Discomfort within the past year.