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Caribbean Teams in North American Professional Soccer: Time for a New Direction?
Caribbean Teams in North American Professional Soccer: Time for a New Direction? Glen ME Duerr Department of History and Government Cedarville University 104 HRS, 251 N. Main Street Cedarville, Ohio, USA 45314 [email protected] RASAALA, Vol. 5, No. 1 (2014) 1 Caribbean Teams in North American Professional Soccer: Time for a New Direction? Abstract This paper examines the interrelated issues of time and money in club and international football. Specifically, the focus is on small Caribbean countries and territories that are rich in talent, but poor in opportunities. In the past decade, several professional teams in the Caribbean have played in the minor league system in North America, but have been stifled by several factors. This paper argues that the creation of a ‘Caribbean division’ that plays in either the North American Soccer League (NASL) or United Soccer League (USL)-Pro league would enrich and develop teams and players from all parties involved, and they would be more competitive in FIFA World Cup qualifying. The key ingredient is correctly timing such a venture. Keywords: Caribbean, soccer, North America, USL-Pro, NASL RASAALA, Vol. 5, No. 1 (2014) 2 Introduction Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF), the regional governing body of soccer in North America, Central America, and the Caribbean, sends three and a half teams to the quadrennial FIFA World Cup. The fourth-placed CONCACAF team plays a home and away playoff series against a team in another region, either in Asia, South America or Oceania, depending on the rotation. On every occasion since the number of berths was expanded to three in 1998, the United States and Mexico have taken two of the berths. -
CAS 2017/O/5264 Miami FC & Kingston Stockade FC V. FIFA
CAS 2017/O/5264 Miami FC & Kingston Stockade FC v. FIFA CAS 2017/O/5265 Miami FC & Kingston Stockade FC v. CONCACAF CAS 2017/O/5266 Miami FC & Kingston Stockade FC v. USSF ARBITRAL AWARD delivered by the COURT OF ARBITRATION FOR SPORT sitting in the following composition: President: Mr Efraim Barak, Attorney-at-Law, Tel Aviv, Israel Arbitrators: Mr J. Félix de Luis y Lorenzo, Attorney-at-Law, Madrid, Spain Mr Jeffrey Mishkin, Attorney-at-Law, New York, USA Ad hoc Clerk: Mr Dennis Koolaard, Attorney-at-Law, Arnhem, the Netherlands in the arbitration between MIAMI FC, Miami, Florida, USA as First Claimant and KINGSTON STOCKADE FC, Kingston, New York, USA as Second Claimant Both represented by Dr. Roberto Dallafior and Mr Simon Bisegger, Attorneys-at-Law, Nater Dallafior Rechtsanwälte AG, Zurich, Switzerland, and Ms Melissa Magliana, Attorney-at-Law, Lalive, Zurich Switzerland and FÉDÉRATION INTERNATIONALE DE FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION (FIFA), Zurich, Switzerland Represented by Mr Antonio Rigozzi, Attorney-at-Law, Lévy Kaufmann-Kohler, Geneva, Switzerland as First Respondent and CAS 2017/O/5264 Miami FC & Kingston Stockade FC v. FIFA CAS 2017/O/5265 Miami FC & Kingston Stockade FC v. CONCACAF CAS 2017/O/5266 Miami FC & Kingston Stockade FC v. USSF Page 2 CONFEDERATION OF NORTH, CENTRAL AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN ASSOCIATION FOOTBALL, INC. (CONCACAF), Nassau, Bahamas Represented by Mr John J. Kuster, Esq., and Mr Samir A. Gandhi, Esq., Sidley Austin LLP, New York, USA as Second Respondent and UNITED STATES SOCCER FEDERATION (USSF), Chicago, Illinois, USA Represented by Mr Russel F. Sauer, Esq., Mr Michael Jaeger, Esq. -
A Model of Promotion and Relegation in League Sports
A Model of Promotion and Relegation in League Sports John Jasina Claflin University School of Business Kurt Rotthoff Seton Hall University Stillman School of Business Last working version, final version published in: Journal of Economics and Finance Volume 36, Issue 2, April, Pages 303-318 The final publication is available at www.springerlink.com: http://www.springerlink.com/content/f6862826t6w54663/?p=7684fbc045744b4ba122f29165ab4 eff&pi=26 Abstract Sports leagues in different parts of the world are set up in different ways, some as open leagues and some as closed leagues. It has been shown that spending on players is higher in open leagues (Szymanski and Ross 2000 and Szymanski and Valletti 2005). This paper extends these studies, finding that sports leagues that practice promotion and relegation will have unambiguously higher aggregate spending on player talent than closed leagues. This will lower profits in the open league, but increase fan welfare. John Jasina is can be contacted at: [email protected], Claflin University, 400 Magnolia St., Orangeburg, SC 29115 and Kurt Rotthoff at: [email protected], Seton Hall University, JH 621, 400 South Orange Ave, South Orange, NJ 07079. We would like to thank Skip Sauer, Mike Maloney, Curtis Simon, and Hillary Morgan for helpful comments. Any mistakes are ours. 1 1. Introduction Most North American sports leagues are closed leagues that operate with a fixed set of teams every season. This differs from other leagues throughout the world that have open leagues that practice promotion, or a team from a lower division being promoted to a higher league, and relegation, where the lowest teams of a given division are demoted to a lower division. -
Steroid Use in Sports, Part Ii: Examining the National Football League’S Policy on Anabolic Steroids and Related Sub- Stances
STEROID USE IN SPORTS, PART II: EXAMINING THE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE’S POLICY ON ANABOLIC STEROIDS AND RELATED SUB- STANCES HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT REFORM HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION APRIL 27, 2005 Serial No. 109–21 Printed for the use of the Committee on Government Reform ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpo.gov/congress/house http://www.house.gov/reform U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 21–242 PDF WASHINGTON : 2005 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 11:42 Jun 28, 2005 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 D:\DOCS\21242.TXT HGOVREF1 PsN: HGOVREF1 COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT REFORM TOM DAVIS, Virginia, Chairman CHRISTOPHER SHAYS, Connecticut HENRY A. WAXMAN, California DAN BURTON, Indiana TOM LANTOS, California ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida MAJOR R. OWENS, New York JOHN M. MCHUGH, New York EDOLPHUS TOWNS, New York JOHN L. MICA, Florida PAUL E. KANJORSKI, Pennsylvania GIL GUTKNECHT, Minnesota CAROLYN B. MALONEY, New York MARK E. SOUDER, Indiana ELIJAH E. CUMMINGS, Maryland STEVEN C. LATOURETTE, Ohio DENNIS J. KUCINICH, Ohio TODD RUSSELL PLATTS, Pennsylvania DANNY K. DAVIS, Illinois CHRIS CANNON, Utah WM. LACY CLAY, Missouri JOHN J. DUNCAN, JR., Tennessee DIANE E. WATSON, California CANDICE S. MILLER, Michigan STEPHEN F. LYNCH, Massachusetts MICHAEL R. TURNER, Ohio CHRIS VAN HOLLEN, Maryland DARRELL E. ISSA, California LINDA T. -
Dear Athletes, Family
1 Would like to thank the sponsors of this year’s local games who have gained a Gold Sponsorship Award for their continued support of Special Olympics Gibraltar 2 We have crossed many boundaries of acceptance, acknowledgement and respect. ear Athletes, Family this has only happened thanks Members, Volunteers, to you the athletes by your Sponsors and Friends performance on and off the Dof Special Olympics Gibraltar. pitch. Your joy of participation Another year has gone by after is forever present on your faces. our successful 25th anniversary Your dedication and wanting games which brought together to excel in competition is well such a cross section of our community, all The Opening/Closing rising to the challenge ceremonies are being of supporting and held in the Panathenean providing the best Stadium which hosted games ever. The the first modern wonder of these games Olympics in 1896. This is that families, was attended at the time coaches, volunteers, by 40.000 spectators. Torch Runners, and The roar would have the community, pitch been tremendous as in together with the roar will be when the ultimate goal of more than 180 nations supporting and making the three known. parade in with our little day event run smoothly and be a This year we are looking forward Gibraltar among them. This will source of joy for all you athletes. to competing in the Special be an extremely proud moment Sometimes we need to take a Olympics World Summer Games which we are all looking forward step back and consider what 2011, to be held in Athens, to. -
MLS As a Sports Product – the Prominence of the World's Game in the U.S
MLS as a Sports Product – the Prominence of the World’s Game in the U.S. Stephen A. Greyser Kenneth Cortsen Working Paper 21-111 MLS as a Sports Product – the Prominence of the World’s Game in the U.S. Stephen A. Greyser Harvard Business School Kenneth Cortsen University College of Northern Denmark (UCN) Working Paper 21-111 Copyright © 2021 by Stephen A. Greyser and Kenneth Cortsen. Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author. Funding for this research was provided in part by Harvard Business School. MLS as a Sports Product – the Prominence of the World’s Game in the U.S. April 8, 2021 Abstract The purpose of this Working Paper is to analyze how soccer at the professional level in the U.S., with Major League Soccer as a focal point, has developed over the span of a quarter of a century. It is worthwhile to examine the growth of MLS from its first game in 1996 to where the league currently stands as a business as it moves past its 25th anniversary. The 1994 World Cup (held in the U.S.) and the subsequent implementation of MLS as a U.S. professional league exerted a major positive influence on soccer participation and fandom in the U.S. Consequently, more importance was placed on soccer in the country’s culture. The research reported here explores the league’s evolution and development through the cohesion existing between its sporting and business development, as well as its performance. -
Why the NFL, NBA, and MLB Should Abandon Their Rp Oblematic Amateur Draft Age Limits and Rookie Wage Structures and Adopt the Current NHL Model Zach Leach
Marquette Sports Law Review Volume 29 Article 6 Issue 1 Fall Dump and Chase: Why the NFL, NBA, and MLB Should Abandon Their rP oblematic Amateur Draft Age Limits and Rookie Wage Structures and Adopt the Current NHL Model Zach Leach Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/sportslaw Part of the Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons, and the Labor and Employment Law Commons Repository Citation Zach Leach, Dump and Chase: Why the NFL, NBA, and MLB Should Abandon Their Problematic Amateur Draft Age Limits and Rookie Wage Structures and Adopt the Current NHL Model, 29 Marq. Sports L. Rev. 177 (2018) Available at: https://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/sportslaw/vol29/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Marquette Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LEACH ARTICLE 29.1 (DO NOT DELETE) 12/5/18 3:37 PM DUMP AND CHASE: WHY THE NFL, NBA, AND MLB SHOULD ABANDON THEIR PROBLEMATIC AMATEUR DRAFT AGE LIMITS AND ROOKIE WAGE STRUCTURES AND ADOPT THE CURRENT NHL MODEL ZACH LEACH* I. INTRODUCTION It is MArch of 2018 in State College, PennsylvAnia. On the CAmpus of Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), twenty-one-year-old Saquon Barkley is hArd At work trAining For severAl sCheduled workouts with NationAl Football League (NFL) teAms. The Penn State junior running back is considered a generational talent, expected to be selected within the top Five picks of the First round of the 2018 NFL Draft on April 26, 2018.1 MiChAel SAlFino oF the WAll Street Journal even declared Barkley the best running bACk prospeCt ever.2 In * ZaCh LeACh is An Aspiring sports lAw professional And Currently A sAlAry ArbitrAtion ConsultAnt For the Boston Bruins oF the NAtionAl HoCkey LeAgue. -
703 Prelims.P65
Football in France Global Sport Cultures Eds Gary Armstrong, Brunel University, Richard Giulianotti, University of Aberdeen, and David Andrews, The University of Maryland From the Olympics and the World Cup to extreme sports and kabaddi, the social significance of sport at both global and local levels has become increasingly clear in recent years. The contested nature of identity is widely addressed in the social sciences, but sport as a particularly revealing site of such contestation, in both industrialising and post-industrial nations, has been less fruitfully explored. Further, sport and sporting corporations are increasingly powerful players in the world economy. Sport is now central to the social and technological development of mass media, notably in telecommunications and digital television. It is also a crucial medium through which specific populations and political elites communicate and interact with each other on a global stage. Berg publishers are pleased to announce a new book series that will examine and evaluate the role of sport in the contemporary world. Truly global in scope, the series seeks to adopt a grounded, constructively critical stance towards prior work within sport studies and to answer such questions as: • How are sports experienced and practised at the everyday level within local settings? • How do specific cultures construct and negotiate forms of social stratification (such as gender, class, ethnicity) within sporting contexts? • What is the impact of mediation and corporate globalisation upon local sports cultures? Determinedly interdisciplinary, the series will nevertheless privilege anthropological, historical and sociological approaches, but will consider submissions from cultural studies, economics, geography, human kinetics, international relations, law, philosophy and political science. -
Unlock the Rock Part 1: a Route Map out of Lockdown & Starting to End Confinement May 2020
Unlock the Rock Part 1: A route map out of lockdown & starting to end confinement May 2020 No 6 Convent Place Task Force Restart & Recover “…we join with all nations across the globe in a common endeavour, using the great advances of science and our instinctive compassion to heal. We will succeed - and that success will belong to every one of us. We should take comfort that while we may have more still to endure, better days will return: we will be with our friends again; we will be with our families again; we will meet again.” Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 5 April 2020 Contents 1 The Chief Minister’s Foreword - ‘We’ve won round 1’ .............................4 2 Director of Public Health’s Foreword ...........................................................6 3 The Lockdown and the Law ............................................................................9 4 Our Approach to Unlocking .........................................................................11 5 Triggers for Unlocking and Relocking ........................................................16 6 The Rules of Social Distancing, Respiratory Hygiene and Detection .......18 7 THE SIX UNLOCKING PHASES: An overview of the plan ...................22 8 Over-70s and the Vulnerable ......................................................................27 9 Daily Life ..........................................................................................................29 10 Work Life and Business ................................................................................31 -
European Football: Back to the 1950S
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Research Papers in Economics European football: Back to the 1950s Loek Groot Associate Professor Dept. Economics of the Public Sector Utrecht School of Economics Utrecht University Vredenburg 138 3511 BG Utrecht, The Netherlands Email: [email protected] Phone: + 31 30 253 9731 Website: www2.econ.uu.nl/users/L.Groot 2 European football: Back to the 1950s JEL codes: D42, D60, L41, L83 Abstract The point of departure in this paper is the diagnosis of Hoehn and Szymanski (1999) that the interlocking system of European football creates an unbalanced system. To secure competitive balance at both the European and the national level, they recommend to reform European football into a closed superleague American-style. In this paper I argue for a radically different route. Instead of giving up dominant traditions of European football, like promotion-relegation and the interlocking system, it is possible to maintain the defining characteristics of European football by returning to the state of affairs in the 1950s, before the commercialisation of football through the media started. This requires the free of charge distribution of football matches on TV, which can be justified by standard economic welfare analysis. 1. Introduction In their forward looking article on the future of European football, Hoehn and Szymanski (1999) argue that the interlocking system is not stable in the sense that it creates unbalanced competitions at the national level. Until the mid 1990s, even for the most successful European football teams the financial stakes involved in European Cup competitions were still modest compared to the more regular flow of revenues from participating in the competition at the national level. -
Sport in Gibraltar
sports law & taxation 2021/15 Where “normal” might be the “new normal” Sport in Gibraltar by ian felice1 contest served almost as a public health experiment, and might have helped shine a light on how future events may need to be organised and hosted as the world, hopefully. emerges from the COVID-19 pandemic. Introduction On Tuesday 30 March 2021, the Victoria Stadium was the Gibraltar setting for the Group G World Cup Qualifying Round football Firstly, in case you have never heard of Gibraltar, game between hosts Gibraltar and The Netherlands. 181 known popularly as the Rock, some context. places separated these countries in the FIFA rankings. The Netherlands are an established powerhouse, frequently It is a British overseas territory located at the southern among the favourites to take the top prize at major tip of Spain. It is small. 6 square miles or so. It is home football tournaments. Gibraltar are minnows, having to 30,000 people, although an extra 10,000 or so trek joined FIFA in 2016, and only after a 20-year CAS battle. back and forth over the runway road every day to work Winning Group 2 of League D of the 2020-2021 UEFA Nations in the territory. Contrary to some vox populi, it is not League, over Liechtenstein and San Marino, remains its an island. It has a land frontier with Spain, as well as most significant international footballing milestone. the airport, a vibrant port and a cruise terminal. Over 7 million people visited Gibraltar every year in the life Gibraltar’s Victoria Stadium is a feast for every sense. -
Off Pitch: Football's Financial Integrity Weaknesses, and How to Strengthen
Off Pitch: Football’s financial integrity weaknesses, and how to strengthen them Matt Andrews and Peter Harrington CID Working Paper No. 311 January 2016 Copyright 2016 Andrews, Matt; Harrington, Peter; and the President and Fellows oF Harvard College Working Papers Center for International Development at Harvard University Off Pitch: Football’s financial integrity weaknesses, and how to strengthen them Matt Andrews and Peter Harrington1 Abstract Men’s professional football is the biggest sport in the world, producing (by our estimate) US $33 billion a year. All is not well in the sector, however, with regular scandals raising questions about the role of money in the sport. The 2015 turmoil around FIFA is obviously the most well known example, creating a crisis in confidence in the sector. This study examines these questions, and the financial integrity weaknesses they reveal; it also offers ideas to strengthen the weaknesses. The study argues that football’s financial integrity weaknesses extend far beyond FIFA. These weaknesses have emerged largely because the sector is dominated by a small elite of clubs, players and owners centered in Europe’s top leagues. The thousands of clubs beyond this elite have very little resources, constituting a vast base of ‘have-nots’ in football’s financial pyramid. This pyramid developed in recent decades, fuelled by concentrated growth in new revenue sources (like sponsorships, and broadcasting). The growth has also led to increasingly complex transactions—in player transfers, club ownership and financing (and more)—and an expansion in opportunities for illicit practices like match-fixing, money laundering and human trafficking. We argue that football’s governing bodies – including FIFA – helped establish this pyramid.