Symbols and Circuit Diagrams | Circuit Symbols

500 | Symbols and circuit diagrams | Circuit symbols

Symbols and circuit diagrams

The electrical systems in vehicles contain Circuit symbols a wide array of electric and electronic devices for open and closed-loop engine- The circuit symbols shown in Table 1 are management systems as well as numer- a selection of the standardized circuit sym- ous comfort and convenience systems. bols relevant to automotive electrical sys- Only by using expressive symbols and tems. With a few exceptions, they conform circuit diagrams is it possible to provide to the standards of the International Elec- an overview of the complex circuits in trotechnical Commission (IEC). the vehicle’s electrical system. Circuit, The European Standard EN 60 617 schematic and terminal diagrams are a (Graphical Symbols for Electrical Circuit help during troubleshooting. They also Diagrams) corresponds to the interna- facilitate field installation of accessories, tional standard IEC 617. It exists in three and furnish support for trouble-free in- official versions (German, English and stallations and modifications on the French). The standard contains symbol vehicle’s electrical equipment.

1 Circuit diagram of an three-phase alternator with voltage regulator

a WD+ B+

D+ wvu U

D– DF

B– b WB+D+ In addition to the symbol G for generator/alternator G, the circuit symbol also includes the symbols for the three 3 windings (phases) 3 U the star junction the diodes and the regulator U . B–

Fig. 1 a With internal circuitry b Circuit symbols UAS0002-1E

Robert Bosch GmbH (ed.), Bosch Automotive Electrics and Automotive Electronics, DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-01784-2, © Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 2014 Symbols and circuit diagrams | Circuit symbols | 501

elements, signs and, in particular, circuit cate the shapes and dimensions of the de- symbols for the following areas: vices they represent, nor do they show the General applications Part 2 locations of their terminal connections. Conductors and connectors Part 3 This abstract representation format repre- Passive components Part 4 sents the only practicable option for illus- Semiconductors and electron tubes Part 5 trating how the devices are connected us- Production and conversion ing a circuit diagram. of electrical energy Part 6 Every symbol should satisfy the follow- Switchgear, controlgear and ing criteria: it must be easy to remember protective devices Part 7 and identify, easy to understand, easy to Measuring instruments, draw and should clearly indicate the type lamps and signaling devices Part 8 of device which it represents. Telecommunications, switching Symbols comprise symbol elements and and peripheral equipment Part 9 designations (Fig. 2). Designation codes Telecommunications, can take the form of letters, numbers, transmission equipment Part 10 mathematical and special-purpose sym- Architectural and topographical bols, abbreviations of units, characteristic installation plans curves, etc. and circuit diagrams Part 11 If a circuit diagram showing the internal Binary components Part 12 circuitry of a device becomes too complex, Analog elements Part 13 or if the function of the device can be illustrated without showing all of the details, the Requirements circuit diagram for this specific device can Symbols are the smallest components of a be replaced by a single symbol (without in- circuit diagram, and are the simplest way ternal circuitry, refer to Figs. 1b and 2). to represent electrical devices and their Simplified representations are usually component parts. They illustrate how a de- used for integrated circuits, with their typ- vice operates, and are used together with ically high levels of compactness (synony- circuit diagrams to illustrate how technical mous with high levels of functional inte- sequences proceed. Symbols do not indi- gration within an individual component).

2 Sample composition of a circuit symbol: the Lambda oxygen sensor

Element Designation code Physical Circuit symbol parameter, mathematical symbol Galvanic Non-linear Excess-air factor Lambda oxygen monitor cell ++=response pattern (Lambda), sensor temperature λ ° λ ,t t° UAS0001-1E 502 | Symbols and circuit diagrams | Circuit symbols

Representation 3 Operating state of the symbol deviating from the Symbols show circuits in their passive base position (base) state, unaffected by physical param- Base position Deviation eters such as the application of current,

voltage or mechanical force. Other operat- NO contact ing states, i.e. any condition that varies from the base state defined above, is indicated by a juxtaposed double arrow (Fig. 3). Symbols and connecting lines (electrical and mechanical linkage elements) feature Electro- a single standard line width. mechanical In order to keep the connecting lines as drive straight as possible and to avoid crossed lines, symbols can be rotated by 90° incre- UAS1235-1Y ments or shown as mirror images as long as their significance remains unaltered. 4 Terminals The direction of continuation conductors may be freely selected. Tangential connections may be shown as emerging from any At resistor convenient point on the symbols; the sole exceptions are resistors (connections only at the narrow ends) and the terminals for electromechanical drives (connections only at the long sides, Fig. 4).

Branches may be shown either with or Electro- without a node point. No electrical con- mechanical nection is made at junctions without a drive Fig. 5 node point (Fig. 5). There is no mandatory a Branch with format for illustrating terminals on electri- UAS1236-1Y electrical cal devices. Terminals, plugs, sockets and connection threaded connections are identified by 5 Branch and junctions b Junction with symbols only at those points relevant for electrical connection installation and removal. All other junc- a b C c Junction without tions are represented by dots. electrical In the case of assembled representation, connection actuators with a common drive are illus- UAS1212-1Y trated as responding to this motive force by all moving in the direction indicated by 6 Mechanical actuation link on multi-position switch the dashed line (– – –) which represents the 15 50 mechanical linkage (Fig. 6).

0 12

0.1

30 UAS0099-1Y Symbols and circuit diagrams | Circuit symbols | 503

1 Selected circuit symbols Connections Mechanical functions Conductor; conductor junctions Switching positions Variability, not intrinsic (with/without connection) (base position: solid line) (external), general

012 Shielded wire Variability, intrinsic, in response to a physical quantity, linear/nonlinear

012

Mechanical actuation link; electrical conductor (retrofitted)

Adjustability, general

Junctions Manual activation, with sensor (trip), (with/without connection) thermal (bimetal strip)

Switches Connection, general; Detent; non-automatic/automatic Push-button switch, NO/NC contact separable connection return in the direction of the arrow (if portrayal is required) (push-button)

Plug-in connection; socket; Activation, general (mech., pneum., Detent switch, NO/NC contact plug; 3-pin plug connection hydraul.); piston drive

Ground Actuation at engine speed n, Changeover contact, make before (housing or vehicle ground) pressure p, quantity Q, time t, temp. t° break or break before make n p Q tt°

UAS1230-1E Table 1 504 | Symbols and circuit diagrams | Circuit symbols

1 Selected circuit symbols (continued) Switches Various components Three-position switch with three Drives with one winding Resistor contact modes (e.g. turn-signal indicator switch)

NO/NC contact Drive with two windings acting in Potentiometer same direction (with three terminals)

Double-make contact Drive with two opposed windings Heating resistor, glow plug, flame plug, screen defroster

Multiple-position switch Electrothermal drive, thermal relay Antenna

012

Cam-lobe switch (e.g. ignition Electrothermal drive, tractive solenoid Fuse contact breakers)

Thermal switch Solenoid valve (closed) Permanent magnets

Initiator trigger Relay (drive and switch), example: Winding, inductive NC contact without delay and delayed NO contact

Table 1 (continued) UAS1231-1E Symbols and circuit diagrams | Circuit symbols | 505

1 Selected circuit symbols (continued) Various components Devices for automotive applications Positive temperature coefficient Dotted/dashed line to delineate Battery (PTC) resistor or frame logically associated circuit components t°

Negative temperature coefficient Plug connection (NTC) resistor

t Shielded device, frame connected to ground

Diode, general, current flows Lamp, headlamp toward the apex of triangle

Regulator, general

PNP transistor Horn, fanfare horn NPN transistor E = Emitter (arrow indicates flow direction) Control units C = Collector B = Base

E C E C Heated rear windshield (heating resistor in general)

B B

Light emitting diode (LED) Display element in general; Switch, general, without function lamp voltmeter; clock

Hall alternator Tachometer; temperature gauge; Switch, general, with function lamp speedometer

nvt°

Table 1 UAS1232-1E (continued) 506 | Symbols and circuit diagrams | Circuit symbols

1 Selected circuit symbols (continued) Devices for automotive applications Pressure switch Spark plug Engine with blower, fan

p M

Relay, general Ignition coil Starter motor with engagement relay (with/without internal circuitry) M

Solenoid valve, injection valve Ignition distributor, general (injector), cold-start valve

Thermo-time switch Voltage regulators Wiper motor (one/two wiper speeds)

U M

Throttle-valve switch Three-phase alternator with voltage regulator (with/without internal circuitry) G M2n 3 U

Rotary actuator Intermittent-wiper relay

Auxiliary-air valve with Electric fuel-supply pump, Car radio electrothermal drive hydraulic pump motor

Table 1 (continued) UAS1233-1E Symbols and circuit diagrams | Circuit symbols | 507

1 Selected circuit symbols (continued) Devices for automotive applications Loudspeaker Piezoelectric sensor Rpm sensor

Voltage stabilizer Resistive position indicator ABS wheel-speed sensor U const. n

Inductive-type sensor, reference- Air-flow sensor Hall sensor mark controlled

Flasher, pulse generator, Air-mass meters Converter, transformer interval relay (quantity, voltage) G m Q t U

Lambda oxygen sensor Flow sensor, fuel-gauge sensor Inductive-type sensor (not heated/heated)

λ Q

Thermostatic switch, temperature sensor λ t° t°

Instrument cluster (dashboard)

U const. V n Q t N1 P2 P3 P4 P5 H2H1 H3 H4 H5 H6 Table 1 UAS1234-1E (continued) 508 | Symbols and circuit diagrams | Circuit diagrams

Circuit diagrams In automotive electrical systems, block diagrams are used to provide a quick over- Circuit diagrams are idealized representa- view of circuit and device functions. They tions of electrical devices, rendered in the are usually unipolar and also dispense form of symbols. Such diagrams also in- with representations of internal circuitry clude illustrations and simplified design components. The circuit diagrams in their drawings as needed (Fig. 7). A circuit dia- various permutations (as defined by differ- gram illustrates the relationship between ences in symbol arrangements) provide a the various devices and shows how they are detailed diagram of the circuit. As they il- connected to each other. A circuit diagram lustrate how the circuit operates, they are may be supplemented by tables, graphs, or suitable for use as a reference for repair descriptions. Circuit diagrams vary accord- operations. The terminal diagram (with ing to the intended application (e.g. show- equipment terminal locations) is used by ing circuit operation) and the selected rep- service facilities in replacing defective resentation mode. A “legible” circuit dia- electrical equipment and when installing gram will meet the following requirements: supplementary equipment. ▶ The representations must reflect the ap- Depending upon the type of representa- plicable standards; explanations should tion, we distinguish between: be provided for any exceptions ▶ Unipolar and multipolar representation ▶ Current paths should be specially ar- and (according to symbol arrangement) ranged so that current flow or mechani- ▶ Assembled representation, semi-assem- cal action takes place from left to right bled representation, detached represen- and/or from top to bottom tation, and topographical (positionally

7 Circuit diagrams: breakdown

Circuit diagrams for vehicle electrical systems (compliant with EN 61346-1)

Classiﬁcation according to purpose Classiﬁcation according to type of representation

Circuit diagrams Circuit diagrams Single or Arrangement Representation which explain the which explain the multipole of switch acc. to actual operation connection representation symbols position

Mainly showing internal connections

Overview Circuit Terminal Connected Partially Separated circuit diagram connection connected diagram diagram UAS0968-2E Symbols and circuit diagrams | Circuit diagrams | 509

correct) representation. One circuit dia- structure, layout and operation of an elec- gram may employ all of the above forms trical system, or part of it. This format also of representation. serves as the initial reference for under- standing more detailed circuit diagrams. Block diagram Squares, rectangles and circles together The block diagram is a simplified represen- with attendant symbols based on EN 60 617, tation of a circuit showing only the most Section 2 are employed to illustrate the significant elements (Fig. 8). It is designed devices. Wiring is usually shown in single- to furnish a rapid overview of function, pole form.

8 Motronic ECU block diagram

Fig. 8 A1 ECU B1 Engine-speed sensor B2 Reference-mark 30 M sensor G1 D2 B3 Air-mass meter M1 B4 Intake-air 50 S1 temperature sensor B5 Engine-temperature sensor B1 CPU RAM ROM 1 0 B6 Throttle-valve U1 D1 D3 D4 D5 N1 K1 switch B2 D1 Microprocessor U2 (CPU) m D2 Address bus B3 t D6 D3 User memory U3 N2 T1 (RAM) D4 Program data B4 t U4 memory (ROM) D5 I/O B5 t D6 Data bus U5 D7 Microcomputer N3 Y1 G1 Battery B6 U6 K1 Pump relay M1 Electric fuel-supply D7 A1 pump S2 N1 to N3 Power-output stages S1 Ignition switch S2 Program map selector T1 Ignition coil U1 and U2 Pulse shapers U3 to U6 Analog/digital converters UMK0052-2Y Y1 Fuel injector 510 | Symbols and circuit diagrams | Circuit diagrams

Circuit diagram The circuit diagram must contain the fol- A circuit diagram is the detailed represen- lowing: tation of a circuit. By clearly depicting in- ▶ Wiring dividual current paths it also indicates ▶ Device designation (EN 61 346, how an electrical circuit operates. In the Section 2) circuit diagram, presentation of individual ▶ Connection designation or terminal circuit components and their spatial rela- designation (DIN 72 552) tionship to each other must not interfere with the clear, logical and legible presenta- The circuit diagram may also include: tion of circuit operation. Figure 9 shows ▶ Comprehensive illustrations including the circuit diagram for a starter, in the internal circuitry, to facilitate testing, form of assembled (composite) and de- trouble-shooting, maintenance and tached (exploded) representations. replacement (retrofitting) ▶ Reference codes to assist in finding symbols and installation locations, especially in detached representation diagrams

9 Two different ways of showing the circuit diagram for a Type KB starter motor for parallel operation

a 50 30 50b 30f

b 30 30

30f Fig. 9 K1 K1 K1 a Assembled 50 representation 50b M1 b Detached K2 representation M1 K1 Control relay K1 K2 K2 Engagement relay, hold-in winding, M pull-in winding K2 M1 M1 Starter motor with 31 31 series and shunt winding UAS1221-1Y Symbols and circuit diagrams | Circuit diagrams | 511

Circuit representation Detached (exploded) representation Circuit diagrams usually use multipolar Symbols for the elements within electrical component connections. In accordance devices are shown separately in displays with EN 61 346, Section 1, symbols can be designed to show with maximum clarity represented in the following ways, all of the various routes taken by the current. which may be combined within the same No attempt is made to orient the symbols circuit diagram. for individual devices and component parts in their actual spatial relationship Assembled (composite) representation to each other. Priority is assigned to ar- All parts of a device are shown directly ranging the symbols so that the individual next to one another, and mechanical link- current paths are as clear and free of age of one part to another is indicated by crossovers as possible. a double line or broken connecting lines Primary purpose: to indicate function (dashes). This format may be employed to and operation of a circuit. depict simple circuits of relatively limited complexity without unduly hindering A system of symbols defined in EN 61 346, clarity (Fig. 9a). Section 2 can be used to indicate the relationships between the individual components. Each separately illustrated device symbol includes the code for the device. 10 Ground representation If it is necessary in the interests of clarity and comprehension, a section of the circuit diagram should be set aside for the a + complete and assembled representation of devices which have otherwise been shown in the detached form (Fig. 9b).

Topographical representation This type of representation places the symbol in a position that completely or partly corresponds to its location within the device or component. b + Ground (earth) symbols For the sake of conceptual simplicity, most vehicles employ a single (hot) conductor 31 layout, relying on the metallic body to con- duct the return current. Designers resort to insulated return wiring either when restraints prevent using the body for satisfactory ground connections or when c + voltages in excess of 42 volts are being handled. All terminals represented by the ground Fig. 10 symbol are mutually connected electri- a Individual ground symbols cally through the component (housing) or b Common ground vehicle ground. connection All components with a ground symbol c With common UAS1222-1Y must be mounted on the vehicle ground to ground point 512 | Symbols and circuit diagrams | Circuit diagrams

which they must have a direct electrical ground. In high-tension circuits this outer connection. line is frequently combined with the pro- Figure 10 depicts several options for tective conductor (PE), also represented as showing connections to ground. a broken dotted line.

Current paths and conductors (wiring) Interruptions, codes, destination reference Circuits should be arranged to be clear and For clarity, connecting lines (conductors easy to follow. When possible, individual and lines denoting mechanical linkage) current paths should indicate a force-trans- can be interrupted if they would otherwise fer direction from left to right and/or from extend too far within the circuit diagram. top to bottom, as well as being straight and Only beginning and end of the connecting free of crossovers and changes in direction. line are shown. The association of these They should also be parallel to the border interrupted points must be clearly recog- of the circuit diagram. nizable. The code and / or destination ref- When a number of conductors run par- erence may be used for this. allel to each other, they are grouped in sets of three with spaces between the groups. The codes on associated ends of the open circuit match. The following may be used Lines of demarcation, borders as codes: Dot/dash demarcation or border lines are ▶ Terminal designations (DIN 72 552), used to separate individual components Figure 11a within a circuit as an indication of func- ▶ Indication of the function tional and/or structural relationships. ▶ Identification using alphanumeric In illustrations of automotive electrical symbols systems, these alternating dots and dashes represent a non-conductive border around The destination reference is shown in a device or circuit component. The line parentheses to avoid confusion with the will not always correspond with the com- code; it consists of the section number ponent housing and does not indicate of the target (Fig. 11b).

11 Broken-line designation using terminal destinations

a b

2 Ignition 8 Lighting

30 30 30 30 30 30 15 15 –S1 15 15 15 –S1 (8) (2) 15 50 –F2 50 –F2

Fig. 11 –S16 –S16 a By terminal designation, –H10 –H10 e.g. terminal 15 b With destination 31 31 31 31 reference, e.g. in section 8 and 2 UAS1223-1Y Symbols and circuit diagrams | Circuit diagrams | 513

Section identification ▶ Device identifier The section-identification code along the upper border of the diagram is used for locating circuit sections. This designation Example: Starter – M 1 can be in one of three forms: Prefix for the type of ▶ Consecutive numbers at equal intervals device from left to right (Fig. 12a) Code letter for device ▶ Indication of the content of the circuit Sequence number sections (Fig. 12b) ▶ Or a combination of the two (Fig. 12c).

Designation codes ▶ Terminal designation Devices, parts or symbols are labeled in circuit diagrams with a letter and a serial number as defined in EN 61 346, Section 2. Example: Terminal 30 : 30 This code is located to the left of or under- neath the symbol. Prefix for The prefix to designate the type of de- terminal vice (as specified in the standard) can be Terminal code omitted as long as this does not lead to ambiguity. In nested devices, one device is a component part of another, e.g. starter M1 with Identification of related symbols in de- built-in engagement relay K6. The device tached views: each individual symbol identifier is then: – M1 – K6. is shown separately and all symbols for a particular device are assigned a code which is the same as that used for the device itself. Connection designations (such as those 12 Different methods of section identification defined in DIN 72 552) must be placed outside the symbol and, if boundary lines are a present, outside these lines if possible. 1 2345678… For horizontal current paths: the data associated with the individual symbol is provided beneath the circuit symbol con- b cerned. The terminal code is above the 1 Power supply 2 Starting system 3 Ignition connecting line, just outside the symbol proper. For vertical current paths: the data ap- plying to the individual symbol are pro- c vided to its left. The terminal code is just 123456789 10 outside the symbol. It the type is horizon- Fig. 12 1 Power supply 2 Starting system 3 Ignition tal, the code is provided next to the connecting line on the symbol’s right; if the a With consecutive numbers type is vertical, it is on the left. b With section indication c With a combination UAS1204-1E of a and b 514 | Symbols and circuit diagrams | Circuit diagrams

Terminal diagram Labeling The terminal diagram shows the terminal Devices identified in accordance with locations of electrical devices. It also illus- EN 61 346, Section 2. Terminal connectors trates the external (and internal as re- and plugged connections are identified quired) connections (lines) at these points. with the terminal designations present on the device (Fig. 13). Representation Detached views dispense with continu- Individual electrical devices are illustrated ous connecting lines between devices. All using squares, rectangles, circles, symbols conductors leaving a device have a desti- or illustrations, and their locations may nation reference (EN 61 346, Section 2), correspond to their installed positions. consisting of the code for the target device The connections are represented by cir- and the terminal designation with – if nec- cles, dots, plug connectors, or simply by essary – statement of the wiring color code the connecting line. The following conven- as specified in DIN 47 002 (Fig. 15 and tions govern the methods of representa- Table 1). tion used in automotive electrical systems: ▶ Assembled, circuit symbols complying ▶ Device identifier

with EN 60 617 (Fig. 13a) Example: alternator – G1 ▶ Assembled, pictorial representation of the device (Fig. 13b) Prefix for the type of ▶ Detached, representation of the device device (may be omitted) with symbol, terminals with destination Code letter and serial number of the device (alternator) references; wiring color codes optional (Fig. 14a and Table 2) ▶ Detached, pictorial representation, ▶ Destination reference including terminals with destination Example: wire from – G2 : + / rd references; wiring color codes optional alternator G1 to battery G2 (Fig. 14b) Prefix for the type of device (may be omitted) 2 Color coding for electrical conductors Code letter and (in accordance with DIN 47 002) serial number (battery) bl blue gn green bk black Terminal prefix br brown or orange tq turquoise Terminal designation of the destination terminal ye yellow pi pink vi violet Wire color code (red) gr gray rd red wh white Table 2

13 Terminal diagram, assembled representation

a b 15 15 50a 30 S2 50a H1 30 H1 S2

D+ B+ 30 50 G D+ M 50 3 B+ U B– 30 G1 B– G2 M1 G1 Fig. 13 G2 a With symbols M1 b With devices UAS1224-1Y Symbols and circuit diagrams | Circuit diagrams | 515

14 Terminal diagram, detached view

G1 G1 G D+ H1 D+ H1 3 B+ G2:+ B+ G2:+ U B– B–

G2 G1:B+ G2 G1:B+ + S2:30 + S2:30 Fig. 14 M1:30 M1:30 a With circuit – – symbols and destination references b With devices M1 and destination M1 30 G2:+ 30 G2:+ references M 50 S2:50a 50 S2:50a G1 Three-phase alternator with voltage regulator G2 Battery H1 Charge indicator lamp H1 S2:15 H1 S2:15 G1:D+ G1:D+ M1 Starter motor S2 Ignition switch XX Device ground on vehicle chassis YY Terminal for ground S2 S2 15 H1 15 H1 connection 30 G2:+ 30 G2:+ :15 Conductor 50a M1:50 50a M1:50 potential,

UAS1225-1Y e.g. terminal 15

15 Device identifier (example: alternator)

Fig. 15 Device representation Destination indication a Device identifier (code letter and G D+ H1/bk B+ G2:+/rd sequence number) 3 B– b Terminal designation U on device G1 c Device to ground abcd d Destination reference (code letter plus serial number/terminal designation/wire

UAS1055-1E color code) 516 | Symbols and circuit diagrams | Circuit diagrams

Block diagram 3 Explanation of component codes Bosch has responded to the requirements Position Description associated with trouble-shooting on complex, networked systems with a self- A1865 Electric power-seat system diagnosis function by developing system- A28 Theft-deterrence system specific circuit diagrams. Bosch makes A750 Fuse/relay box block diagrams for further systems in a F53 Fuse C great number of motor vehicles available F70 Fuse A in ESI[tronic] (Electronic Service Informa- M334 Fuel-supply pump tion). This provides automotive repair S1178 Warning-buzzer switch shops with a useful tool for locating faults Y157 Vacuum actuator or wiring retrofit equipment. Figure 17 Y360 Actuator, door, right front shows the block diagram for a door-lock- Y361 Actuator, door, left front ing system. Y364 Actuator, door, right rear The representations in the block dia- Y365 Actuator, door, left rear grams diverge from those in the standard Y366 Fuel filler-flap actuator circuit diagrams by relying on US symbols Y367 Actuator, lock, luggage compart- with supplementary legends (Fig. 16). ment, trunk lid Table 3 These legends include component codes (for instance: “A28” for theft-deterrence system), as shown in Table 3, as well as 4 Wire color code chart the color codes for wiring (Table 4). Both Position Description tables can be accessed in ESI[tronic]. BLK Black BLU Blue 16 Supplementary data in the block diagrams BRN Brown CLR Transparent DK BLU Dark blue DK GRN Dark green GRN Green GRY Gray LT BLU Light blue LT GRN Light green 1 NCA No Color Assigned GRN/BLU GRN/BLK BLU/RED 3 2 3 4C4 2 ORG Orange PNK Pink PPL Purple RED Red Table 4 TAN Tan VIO Violet WHT White 3 2 C4 2 YEL Yellow Fig. 16 GRN / 1 Wire color 1 BLU 2 Connector number 3 PIN number (dashes between PINs indicate that all PINs are part of the same plug) UAS1260-1Y Symbols and circuit diagrams | Circuit diagrams | 517

17 Block diagram for a door-locking system (example)

Term. 15/54 Term. 20 A750 F70 F53 16A 16A

BLK/YEL RED/WHT RED/WHT RED/WHT RED/WHT RED/WHT BLK/YEL 2 3 1 M334

M P

22 112 123 RED/WHT YEL GRN RED/WHT BLU YELBRN A1865 YEL 2

UN- 2 LOCK 1 BLU BLU Y360 UN- LOCK Y157 LOCK Y361 GRN 1

LOCK Y157 3 A28 GRN YEL BRN A28 3 BRN/BLK YEL YEL Y364

Y157 BRN

YEL

CONNECTOR BLOCK BRN YEL Y157 S1178 BRN Y365 0202 BRN/BLK

RED/WHT Y366 2Y367

UN- LOCK 1 YEL YEL YEL Y157 Y157 LOCK

YEL 3

BRN/BLK UAS1261-1Y 518 | Symbols and circuit diagrams | Circuit diagrams

Block diagrams are classified according ▶ Suspension and to system circuits, with further divisions ▶ Drivetrain by subsystem as indicated (Table 5). Clas- sification of system circuits reflects the It is important to be aware of the ground- standard ESI[tronic] practice as used for ing points, particularly when fitting ad- other systems, according to which they are ditional accessories. For this reason, assigned to one of four assembly groups: ESI[tronic] includes the vehicle-specific ▶ Engine location diagram for the grounding points ▶ Body (Fig. 18) in addition to the block diagrams.

5 System sub-circuits 18 Ground points 1 Engine management 2 Starter/charging circuit 3 Heating and air conditioning 2 4 Radiator fan Fig. 18 1 Left front fender 5 ABS 1 3 5 2 Forward section 6 Vehicle-speed controller/tempomat 3 Engine 7 Power-window unit 4 Bulkhead 8 Central locking system 4 5 Right front fender 9 Instrument panel 6 6 Footwell panel or 7 8 10 Wiper/washing system 11 11 instrument panel 11 Headlamps 12 7 Left front door 12 Exterior lighting 8 Right front door 16 13 16 13 Power supply 9 Left rear door 9 10 10 Right rear door 14 Ground allocation 15 12 15 11 A-pillars 15 Data line 12 Passenger 16 Shift lock compartment 17 Theft-deterrence system 14 13 Roof 18 Passive safety and security systems 14 Rear section 19 Electric antenna 15 C-pillars 20 Alarm system 16 B-pillars UAS1262-1Y 21 Heated screen/mirror 22 Supplementary safety and security systems 23 Interior lighting 24 Power-assisted steering 25 Mirror adjuster 26 Soft-top controls 27 Horn 28 Trunk, trunk lid 29 Seat adjustment 30 Electronic damping 31 Cigarette lighter, socket 32 Navigation 33 Transmission 34 Active bodywork components 35 Vibration damping 36 Mobile phone 37 Radio/sound system 38 Immobilizer (drive-away protection) Table 5 Symbols and circuit diagrams | Designations for electrical devices | 519

Designations for electrical ▶ Device identifier devices Example: Alternator G2, Terminal 15 Prescribed designation code: – G 2 : 15 The designation defined in EN 61 346, prefix (may be omitted, Section 2 (Table 6) serves as the basis for as long as this does not cause unambiguous and internationally-recog- ambiguity) nized labeling conventions for assemblies, Code letter for type (here components, etc., as represented in circuit an alternator) from Table 6 diagrams by circuit symbols. It appears Sequence number Terminal (here: Terminal 15) next to the circuit symbol and consists of as standard designation a sequence of defined prefixes, letters and or as affixed to the device numerals.

6 Identification codes for electrical devices Identification code Type Examples

A System, assembly, ABS control unit, radio, two-way radios, component group mobile phone, alarm system, equipment assembly, ignition trigger box, electronic control unit, cruise control

B Converter of non-electrical Reference-mark sensor, pressure switch, fanfare to electrical quantities horn, horn, Lambda oxygen sensor, loudspeaker, and vice-versa air-flow sensor, microphone, oil pressure switch, sensors of all types, ignition triggering device

C Capacitor All types of capacitors

D Binary component, On-board computer, digital equipment, integrated memory circuit, pulse counter, magnetic tape recorder

E Various devices Heating system, air-conditioning system, lamp, and equipment headlamp, spark plug, ignition distributor

F Protective equipment Initiator trigger (bimetal), reverse-polarity guard, fuse, current protection circuit

G Power supply, Battery, alternator, battery charger alternator

H Monitor, indicator, Audible alarm, function lamp, flasher indicators, signaling device turn-signal lamp, brake-pad wear indicators, stop lamp, high-beam indicator, alternator-charge indicator, indicator lamp, indicator, oil pressure monitor, optical indicator, signal lamp, buzzer

K Relay, contactor Battery relay, turn-signal flasher, flasher relay, engagement relay, starting relay, hazard warning light flasher

L Inductance Choke coil, coil, winding

M Motor Blower motor, fan motor, pump motor for ABS/TCS/ESP hydraulic modulators, windshield washer/wiper motor, starter motor, servomotor

N Regulator, amplifier Regulator (electronic or electromechanical), voltage stabilizer Table 6 520 | Symbols and circuit diagrams | Designations for electrical devices

6 Identification codes for electrical devices (continued) Identification code Type Examples

P Measuring device Ammeter, diagnosis socket, rev counter, pressure display, tachograph, measuring point, test point, speedometer

R Resistor Sheathed-element glow plug, flame plug, heating resistor, NTC resistor, PTC resistor, potentiometer, regulating resistor, series resistor

S Switches Switches and push-buttons of all kinds, ignition contact breaker

T Transformer Ignition coil, ignition transformer

U Modulator, converter DC converter

V Semiconductor, Darlington transistor, diode, electron tube, rectifier, electron tube semiconductors of all kinds, varicap, transistor, thyristor, Zener diode

W Transmission path, Vehicle antenna, shielding, shielded cable, conductor, antenna all types of cable, wiring harness, (common) ground conductor

X Terminal, plug, Terminal stud, electrical connections of all types, plug-in connection spark-plug connector, terminal, terminal strip, electric wiring coupling, cable tie, plug, socket, multipoint connector, (multiple) plug connection, distributor connector

Y Electrically operated Permanent magnet, (solenoid) injection valve, mechanical equipment solenoid clutch, electromagnetic brake, electric air valves, electric fuel-supply pump, solenoid, electric start valve, transmission control, tractive solenoid, kickdown solenoid valve, headlamp range control, ride-height control valve, switching valve, start valve, door lock, central locking system, auxiliary-air device

Z Electric filter Interference suppressor, suppression filter, filter network, clock Table 6 (continued) Symbols and circuit diagrams | Terminal designations | 521

Terminal designations For this reason, the terminal designations need not be written on the wires. The system of standard (DIN 72 552) termi- In addition to the terminal designations nal designations prescribed for use in au- listed, designations according to DIN VDE tomotive applications has been designed standards may also be used on electri- to facilitate correct connection of devices cal machines. Multi-pin plug connections and their wiring, with emphasis on repairs large enough to exhaust the range pro- and replacement. vided by DIN 72 552 are allocated consecu- The terminal designations (Table 7) are tive numbers or letters, avoiding any char- not wire designations, as devices with dif- acters to which the standard has already fering terminal codes can be connected to assigned a specific function. the opposite ends of a single wire.

7 DIN 72 552 terminal designations Terminal Definition Terminal Definition

1 Ignition coil, ignition distributor 31 b Return line to battery negative Low voltage or ground via switch or relay (switched negative) Ignition distributor with two Battery changeover relay 12/24 V isolated electric circuits 31 a Return line to battery II negative 1 a To ignition contact breaker I 31 c Return line to battery I negative 1 b To ignition contact breaker II Electric motors 2 Short-circuit terminal 32 Return line 1) (magneto ignition) 33 Main terminal 1) 33 a Self-parking 4 Ignition coil, ignition distributor 33 b Shunt field High voltage 33 f For second reduced-rpm operation Ignition distributor with two 33 g For third reduced-rpm operation isolated electric circuits 33 h For fourth reduced-rpm operation 4 a From ignition coil I, terminal 4 33 L Rotation to left (counterclockwise) 4 b From ignition coil II, terminal 4 33 R Rotation to right (clockwise) Starter motor 15 Switched plus downstream from battery 45 Separate starting relay, output (output from ignition [start] switch) Starter: input (primary current) 15 a Output on series resistor to Dual starters, parallel activation ignition coil and to the starter Starting relay for pinion-engagement current Glow plug switch 45 a Starter I output 17 Start Starter I and II input 19 Preglow 45 b Starter II output 48 Terminal on starter 30 Line from battery positive terminal and start-repeating relay for (direct) monitoring the starting process Battery changeover relay 12/24 V Turn-signal flasher (pulse generator) 30 a Input from battery II positive 49 Input 49 a Output 31 Return line from battery negative 49 b Output to second flasher circuit or ground (direct) 49 c Output to third flasher circuit Table 7

1) Polarity reversal terminal 32/33 possible 522 | Symbols and circuit diagrams | Terminal designations

7 DIN 72 552 terminal designations (continued) Terminal Definition Terminal Definition

Starter motors 58 Side-marker lamp, tail lamp, 50 Starter control (direct) license plate lamp, and instrument lamps Battery changeover relay 58 b Tail lamp mode selection on 50 a Output for starter control single-axle tractors Starter control 58 c Trailer gladhand assembly 50 b Parallel operation of two starter for single-strand tail lamp motors with sequence control with fuse in the trailer 58 d Adjustable instrument Starting relay for sequence control illumination, tail and of engagement current in parallel side-marker lamp operation of two starter motors 58 L Left 50 c Starter I input at starting relay 58 R Right, license-plate lamp 50 d Starter II input at starting relay Alternator Start-inhibit relay (magneto alternator) 50 e Input 59 AC voltage output 50 f Output rectifier input 59 a Charging armature output Start repeating relay 59 b Tail lamp armature output 50 g Input 59 c Stop lamp armature output 50 h Output 61 Alternator charge indicator

Alternator Tone sequence controller 51 DC voltage at rectifier 71 Input 51 e DC voltage at rectifier with choke coil 71 a Output to horns 1 and 2 (bass) for daylight operation 71 b Output to horns 1 and 2 (treble)

Trailer signals 72 Alarm switch 52 Supplementary signal transmission (rotating beacon) from the trailer to the towing vehicle 75 Radio, cigarette lighter

53 Wiper motor, input (+) 76 Loudspeaker 53 a Wiper (+), self-parking 77 Door valve control 53 b Wiper (shunt winding) 53 c Electrical windshield washer pump Trailer signals 53 e Wiper (brake winding) 54 Trailer gladhand assembly and 53 i Wiper motor with permanent light combination, stop lamp magnet and third brush 54 g Pneumatic valve for retarder (for higher speed) on trailer, electromagnetically actuated 55 Fog lamps Switch, NC contact 56 Headlamps and changeover contact 56 a High beam with indicator lamp 81 Input 56 b Low beam (dipped beam) 81 a First output (NC contact side) 56 d Headlamp-flasher contact 81 b Second output (NC contact side) NO contact 57 Motorcycle parking lamp 82 Input (also for passenger car, 82 a First output truck etc. in some export markets) 82 b Second output 57 a Parking lamp 82 z First input 57 L Parking lamp, left 82 y Second input Table 7 57 R Parking lamp, right Multiple-position switch (continued) Symbols and circuit diagrams | Terminal designations | 523

7 DIN 72 552 terminal designations (continued) Terminal Definition Terminal Definition

Switch, NC contact Three-phase alternators and changeover contact (continued) U, V, W Three-phase terminals 83 Input Turn-signal lamp 83 a Output (position 1) (turn-signal flasher) 83 b Output (position 2) C Indicator lamp 1 83 L Output (left position) C 0 Main terminal for turn-signal flasher 83 R Output (right position) not connected to turn-signal lamp Current relay C 2 Indicator lamp 2 84 Input: drive and C 3 Indicator lamp 3 (e.g. for relay contact dual trailer operation) 84 a Output: drive L Left-side turn-signal lamp 84 b Output: relay contact R Right-side turn-signal lamp Switching relay 85 Output: drive (negative winding end or ground) Input: drive 86 Start of winding 86 a Start of winding or first winding 86 b Winding tap or second winding Relay contact for NC contact and changeover contact 87 Input 87 a First output (NC contact side) 87 b Second output 87 c Third output 87 z First input 87 y Second input 87 x Third input Relay contact for NO contact 88 Input Relay contact for NO contact and changeover contact (NO side) 88 a First output 88 b Second output 88 c Third output Relay contact for NO contact 88 z First input 88 y Second input 88 x Third input Alternator and voltage regulator B + Battery positive terminal B – Battery negative terminal D + Generator positive terminal D – Generator negative terminal DF Generator field winding

DF 1 Generator field winding 1 Table 7 DF 2 Generator field winding 2 (continued) 524 | Index of technical terms, |, Sachwortverzeichnis

Index of technical terms

Technical terms Battery changeover, 391 Charge-balance calculation, vehicle Battery chargers, 430 electrical system, 386 0-ampere speed, alternator, 452 Battery charging relay, commercial- Charging characteristics, 429 3-phase bridge circuit, 439 vehicle electrical system, 393 Charging methods, starter battery, 428 Battery-cutoff relay, commercial- Charging procedure, starter battery, 408 A vehicle electrical system, 393 Circuit diagrams, 508, 510 ABS control loop, 48 Battery designs, 411 Circuit symbols, 500 Absolute humidity, 295 Battery maintenance, 427 Classification, hybrid drives, 368 Absolute rotating-speed measure- Battery management, 388 Classification, starter battery, 402 ment, 269 Battery master switch, commercial- Classification of bus systems, 85 Acceleration sensors, 271 vehicle electrical system, 392 Claw-pole alternator, 456 Accelerator-pedal sensors, 328 Battery relay, commercial-vehicle CMOS technology, 309 AC firing, airbag, 68 electrical system, 393 Coils, 174 Active material, 403 Battery status recognition, 389 Communication controller, 134 Active speed sensors, 310 Battery testers, 430 Communication layer, 78 Active wheel-speed sensor, 317 Belt-force limiters, 63 Compact-diode-assembly alterna- Actuators, 354 Bernoulli’s equation, 290 tor, 457 Adaptive cruise control (ACC), 54 Bi-Litronic projection, 40 Compact alternator, 455 Adaptive frontlighting system (AFS), Bi-Litronic reflection, 39 Compact ignition coil, 22 42 Bimorph, 274 Completely maintenance-free bat- Adaptive rearlighting system (ARS), Bipolar transistors, 178 tery, 413 42 Bit stuffing, 101 Concentration sensors, 294 Addressing, MOST, 116 Block diagram, 509, 516 Consequential-damage protection Addressing, network, 74 Bluetooth, 122 device, alternator, 451 Administrative functions, MOST, 118 Bluetooth architecture, 128 Contact systems, plug-in connec- AGM technology, 415 Bluetooth versions, 123 tions, 398 Air system, Motronic, 15 Bolometer, 306 Content-based addressing, 96 Alternator, 434 Boost charging, 428 Continuity equation, 290 Alternator circuit, 442, 453 Booster, 369 Control algorithms, ACC, 56 Alternator designs, 455 Braking-force distribution, recupera- Controlled system, ABS, 49 AMR sensors, 311 tive braking, 378 Controlled variables, ABS, 50 Anemometer, 291 Breakdown voltage, 172 Control mechanisms, 78 Anisotropic magnetoresistive sensors, Bulk current injection method, 497 Control units, 196 248 Bus access method, 74 Control unit software, 204 Antenna system, ACC, 59 Bus driver, 134 Conventional batteries, 411 Antilock brake system (ABS), 47 Bus guardian, 135 Cooperative recuperative brake sys- Application layer, 78 Bus systems, 92 tem, 377 Application protocols, 146 Bus topology, 71 Coriolis acceleration, 270 Arbitration, 97, 149 Cornering lights (Europe), 43 Architecture, 155 C Course setting, ACC, 54 Architecture of electronic systems, Calibration process, sensors, 210 Cranking resistance, 482 152 CAN bus, 92 Current characteristic, three-phase ASIC modules, 182 CAN controller, 102 alternator, 452 ASSP modules, 182 CAN protocol, 96 Current generation in the vehicle, 434 Asynchronous machines, 362 Capacitance, 173 Cyclic redundancy check, 100 Automatic starting systems, 480 Capacitive coupling, 488 Automotive networking, 82 Capacitor motor, 364 D Autosar Initiative, 160 Capacitors, 173 Damping, 272 Axle sensors, 335 Capacity, battery, 420 Data processing, control unit, 196 CARTRONIC® concept, 158 Data processing, EDC, 26 B CCD sensors, 309 Data transfer, MOST, 115 Back-bias magnet, 314 Cell connectors, 404 Data transfer rate, 83 Barber pole sensor, 249 Cell voltage, 407, 418 Deep-cycle resistant battery, 416 Basic CAN, 102 Characteristic curve type, sensors, Development methods, mechatron- Bathtub pattern, 221 216 ics, 164 Battery-cable terminals, 404 Characteristics, alternator, 451 Diagnosis interfaces, 144 Battery case, 402 Characteristic curves, battery, 418 Diagnostic protocol, 145 Robert Bosch GmbH (ed.), Bosch Automotive Electrics and Automotive Electronics, DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-01784-2, © Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 2014 Index of technical terms | 525

Diaphragm-type sensors, 276 Engine-speed sensors, 310 Global positioning system, 257 Differential Hall sensor, 242, 311 Engine management system, EDC, 31 GMR multilayers, 254 Diodes, 176 EOL programming (End of Line), 198 GMR sensors, 311 Direct-contact sensors, temperature Epitaxy, 187 GMR spin valves, 254 sensors, 299 Error types, sensors, 218 Gradient correction, 141 Direct-current machines, 361 Event control, 78 Gradient sensors, 266 Direct-drive starters, 470 Excitation circuit, alternator, 441 Discharge procedure, starter bat- Excitation current, alternator, 436 H tery, 409 Excitation diodes, alternator, 440 Half-differential short-circuiting ring Discrete semiconductor components, Excitation field, alternator, 436 sensor, 237 176 Excitation winding, alternator, 436 Half-wave rectification, 437 Doping, 169 Exhaust valve, 48 Hall angular-position sensors, 243, 329 Doping processes, 186 External excitation, alternator, 436 Hall phase sensors, 312 Doppler effect, 58 Hall rod sensors, 312 Drag torque increase, 376 F Hall sensors, 266 Drag torque simulation, 376 Failure quota, 219 Hall switch, 240 Drive concepts, hybrid drives, 366 Failure rate, 219 Hall vane switches, 265 Dual-spark ignition coils, 21 Faraday’s law, 435 Halogen lamp, 32 Dual-winding rotary actuator, 357 Fault-tolerant average algorithm, 141 Headlamp leveling control, 40 Dynamic RAM, 203 Fiber-optic sensors, 224 Heavy-duty battery, 417 Dynamic segment, 139 Field-effect transistors, 180 Hella sensor, 238 Dynamic system characteristic curve, Film circuits, 194 High-pin-count plug-in connections, vehicle electrical system, 386 Finger-type sensor, 349 397 Finite state machine, hybrid drives, 374 High-pressure fuel injector, 18 E FlexRay, 132 High-pressure sensors, 326 Echo-sounding process, 256 FlexRay controller, 134 High beam, 36 EC motors, 363 FlexRay protocol, 136 Hot-film air-mass meter, 292, 336 EDC, overview of functions, 28 Flowmeters, 288 Hot-wire air-mass meter, 292 EDC systems, torque-controlled, 30 Flow profile, 289 Hybrid circuits, 194 Eddy-current sensors, 235, 287 Fluid-mechanical actuators, 359 Hybrid controller, 370 EE system architectures, 157 Force sensors, 279 Hybrid drives, 366 Electrical energy accumulators for Frequency-hopping method, 123 Hybrid topologies, 73 hybrid vehicles, 380 Frequency modulation, 57 Hydraulic modulator, 47 Electrical energy management, 388 Frictional connection, 469 Electrical energy supply, 384 Front airbag, 63 I Electrical machines, 360 Fuel-injection calculation, 28 iBolt™ force sensor, 344 Electrodynamic actuators, 357 Fuel-injection calculation, EDC, 29 Ignition, 20 Electrodynamic principle, 355 Fuel-injection control, EDC, 28 Ignition coils, 22 Electrolyte density, 427 Fuel injector, 16 Illuminance, 35 Electromagnetic actuators, 356 Fuel-level sensor, 234 Imaging sensors, 307, 308 Electromagnetic compatibility, 486 Fuel system, Motronic, 15 Impact-pressure gage, 290 Electromagnetic induction, alterna- Full CAN, 103 Incident interference, 492 tor, 435 Full-wave rectification, 437 Incident radiation, 494 Electromagnetic principle, 355 Functional structure, 155 Incident radiation via antenna, 498 Electromagnetic voltage regulators, Individual control, ESP, 46 444 G Inductance, 174 Electromechanical actuators, 354 Gage factor, 282 Inductive coupling, 488 Electronic charger, 431 Galvanic coupling, 487 Inductive ignition system, 20 Electronic components, 168 Galvanomagnetic effect, 240 Inductive speed sensors, 310 Electronic diesel control, 24 Gas-discharge lamps, 33 Inductive-type sensors, 261 Electronic stability program (ESP), 46 Gas inflators, airbag, 68 Intake valve, 48 Electronic voltage regulators, 445 Gas sensors, 294 Integration level, 181 Emitted interference, 494 Gassing, 409 Interference immunity, 83 Energy accumulator for hybrid sys- Gassing voltage, 419 Interference suppression, 486 tems, 381 Gateway, 87 Interference-suppression categories, Energy supply in the vehicle, 434 Gel-electrolyte batteries, 415 493 Engagement relay, 466 Giant magnetoresistive sensors, 253 Intrinsic conductivity, 170 526 | Index of technical terms, |, Sachwortverzeichnis

K Micromechanical yaw-rate sensors, Overvoltage protection, alternator, K line, 146 320 448 KWP 2000, 145 Microsystem technology, 225 Overvoltage-protection devices, 449 KWP 71, 145 Microtick, 140 Oxygen-concentration cell, 348 Mild Hybrid, 369 L Minimum starting temperature, 482 P Laser diode, 185 Minislots, 139 p-n junction, 171 Lead-antimony alloy, 411 Modulation method, Bluetooth, 124 p-type doping, 170 Lead-calcium-silver alloy, 413 Moisture measurement, 294 Parallel hybrid drive, 367 Lead-calcium alloy, 412 Moment of ignition, 21 Passive components, 172 Lead cell, 407 Monolithic integrated circuits, 181 Passive (inductive) wheel-speed Light-emitting diode (LED), 35, 184 MOST application layer, 119 sensor, 316 Lighting systems, adaptive, 42 MOST bus, 112 Pencil coil, 23 Lighting technology, 32 Motor-vehicle bulbs, specifications, Phase sensor, 312 Light sensor, 347 44 Photodiode, 184 LIN bus, 106 Motronic engine-management sys- Photolithography, 188 LIN protocol, 108 tem, 13 Photoresistor, 183 Lithium ion system, 382 Movable magnet, 243 Phototransistor, 185 Lithium-polymer battery, 382 Multi-plate overrunning clutch, 469 Photovoltaic cell, 184 Litronic, 38 Multifunction controller, 448 Physical layer, 76 Longitudinal effect, 273 Multimaster, 75 Piconet, 124 Low beam, 36 Multiplex applications, 86 Piezoelectric “tuning-fork” yaw-rate Low-maintenance batteries, 411 sensor, 323 Low-pin-count plug-in connections, N Piezoelectric acceleration sensors, 398 n-type doping, 169 343 Low-temperature test current, 422 Nernst principle, 348 Piezoelectric effect, 297 Luminous flux, 35 Networking, 70 Piezoelectric knock sensors, 339 Luminous intensity, 35 Network management, LIN, 110 Planar Lambda oxygen sensor, 351 Network nodes, 93 Planar wide-band Lambda oxygen M Network organization, 74 sensor, 352 Macrotick, 140 Network topology, 70 Plate blocks, 403 Magnetically inductive-type sensors, Nickel metal hydride systems, 381 Plug-in connections, 396 235 Nominal capacity, battery, 421 Position control, 272 Magnetoelastic principle, 280 Nominal voltage, battery, 418 Position sensors, 232 Magnetoresistive sensors, 247 NTC resistors (thermistors), 178 Position sensors for transmission Magnetostatic sensors, 240, 265 control, 332 Magnetostriction, 280 O Potentiometer sensors, 233 Main headlamps (Europe), 36 Occupant-protection systems, 62 Power classes, Bluetooth, 124 Main headlamps (North America), 37 Offset correction, 141 Power generation in the vehicle, 434 Maintenance-free battery, 412 Ohmic resistors, 172 Powerline communication, 161 Market volumes of electrics/electron- One-piece cover, 403 Preexcitation, alternator, 441 ics, 11 One-way clutch, 468 Preexcitation circuit, alternator, 440 Master-slave, 75 Open-circuit voltage, 418 Pressure sensors, 276 Mat technology, battery, 416 Operating conditions, sensors, 223 Printed-circuit boards (pcb), 189 Maximum current, alternator, 452 Operating point optimization, hybrid Propagation time measurement, 57 Maximum speed, alternator, 452 drives, 372, 374 Protocol layers, 96 McMess, 146 Operating strategies, hybrid drives, Pseudo Hall sensors, 249 Mechatronics, 162 370 PTC resistors (thermistors), 178 Meshing, starter, 462 Operating strategy and internal-com- Pulsation, 288 Mesh topology, 73 bustion engine concepts for gaso- Pulse wheels, 318 Microbending effect, 224 line hybrid vehicles, 373 PWM signals, 198 Microcontroller, 200 Operating strategy for diesel hybrid Micro Hybrid, 369 vehicles, 372 R Micromechanical bulk silicon accel- Optoelectronic components, 176, 183 Radar signal processing, 59 eration sensors, 342 Oscillation gyroscope, 270 Rain sensor, 347 Micromechanical pressure sensors, OSI reference model, 76 Random-access memory, 203 324 Output signals, control unit, 198 Range, lighting technology, 35 Index of technical terms | 527

Ranging radar, 57 Single-phase asynchronous motors, Three-phase machines, 362 Rapid-start charger, 431 364 Throttle device, 15 Rated current, alternator, 452 Single-spark ignition coils, 21 Throttle-valve position sensor, 234 Rated speed, alternator, 452 Single-winding rotary actuator, 357 Through-fitting method, 191 Read-only memory, 203 Single-wire line, 94 Timer control, 79 Real-time applications, 85 Sintered-ceramic NTC resistors, 300 Time synchronization, 141 Real-time capability, 84 Sleep mode, 136 Tolerance requirements, sensors, 218 Rectifier diodes, 177, 439 Sliding-gear starters for commercial Torque control, 30 Recuperative brake system, 376 vehicles, 474 Torque motor, 357 Reduction-gear starters, 470 Smart sensor, 209 Torque sensor, 346 Redundancy, 221 Software architecture, 158 Torque sensors, 279, 284 Regenerative braking, 376 Speed sensors, 259 Traction-control system (TCS), 50 Relative humidity, 295 Spinning current, 241 Transistors, 178 Reliability, 219, 222 Split-power hybrid drive, 368 Transmission agent, MOST, 114 Resistance to exhaustive discharge, Spur-gear overrunning clutch, 469 Transmission speed sensors, 313 starter battery, 425 Starter batteries, 400 Transverse effect, 274 Resistance to overcharge, starter bat- Starter motors, 462 Trickle charging, 429 tery, 425 Starting power, starter batteries, 424 Two-battery vehicle electrical system, Resistive sensors, 299 Starting systems, 476 390 Reverse-current block, 438 Star topology, 71 Two-step Lambda oxygen sensors, Ring topology, 72 Startup, 136 348 Roller-type overrunning clutch, 468 Static RAM, 203 Two-wave rectification, 437 Rollover protection systems, 65 Static segment, 139 Two-wire line, 94 rpm sensors, 259 Steady-state voltage, 418 Type designations, battery, 422 Steering-angle sensors, 330 Types of protection, alternator, 449 S Strain gage pick-off, 277 Salient-pole alternators, 460 Strain gage principle, 282 U Scatternet, 125 Strain-gage resistor, 277 Universal motors, 364 Seat belt, 62 Strain-gage strips, 277, 282 Seat-belt pretensioners, 62 Stripline method, 496 V Section identification, 513 Strong Hybrid, 369 Vacuum bulb, 32 Self-discharge, starter battery, 423 Sulfation, 432 Value creation structure, 11 Self-excitation, alternator, 436, 440 Surface micromechanical accelera- Variable-capacitance diode, 177 Self-excitation speed, alternator, 440 tion sensors, 340 Vehicle dynamics controller, 46 Semiconductor components, 176 Surface-mounting method, 191 Vehicle electrical systems, commer- Semiconductor memories, 202 Switch-off function, starter, 465 cial vehicles, 391 Semiconductor resistors, 178 Symbol window, 140 Vehicle electrical systems, hybrid Sensor, 208 Synchronous machines, 363 drives, 380 Sensor classification, 216 System blocks (EDC), 24, 25 Vehicle system architecture, 155 Sensor measuring principles, 232 Vibration-proof battery, 417 Sensor model, 209 T V model, 166 Sensor types, 310 Tangential sensors, 267 Voltage distribution, ignition, 21 Separators, 404 TCS interventions, 51 Voltage regulation, alternator, 443 Serial hybrid drive, 366 TEM cell, 497 Voltage-regulator characteristics, 443 Series characteristics, 361 Temperature sensors, 298, 327 Shear effect, 274 Terminal designations, 521 W Short-circuiting ring sensors, 236 Terminal diagram, 514 Wakeup, 136 Short-stroke linear motor, 357 Terminal posts, 404 Water consumption, starter battery, Shoulder-belt tightener, 62 Terminal voltage, 419 425 Shunt characteristic, 361 Thermal acceleration sensors, 275 Wave-propagation sensors, 256 Side airbag, 64 Thermal radiators, 32 Wheel-speed sensors, 316 Signal conditioning, control unit, 197 Thermocouples, 303 Windingless rotor, alternator, 457 Signal processing, control unit, 197 Thermopile sensor, 306 Wiring harnesses, 394 Silicon semiconductor resistors, 302 Thick-film resistors, 302 Single-phase alternating-current Thin-film metallic resistors, 301 Z machines, 364 Three-phase alternating voltage, 438 Zener diode, 177 Three-phase alternator, 434, 436 528 | Abbreviations, |, Abkürzungen

Abbreviations C E CAC: Channel Access Code E-ECU: Engine Electronic Control Unit A CAD: Computer Aided Design EAB: Solenoid-operated shutoff valve A/C: Air Conditioner CAL: Computer Aided Lighting (German: Elektrisches Abstellventil) A/D: Analog/Digital converter CAN: Controller Area Network EAS: Electronic Active Steering AAS: Activation Arc Suppression CAS: Collision Avoidance Symbol EBS: Extended Byte Sequence ABC: Active Body Control CBG: Central Bus Guardian EBS: Electronic Battery Sensor ABS: Antilock Brake System CC: Communication Controller ECU: Electronic Control Unit AC: Alternating Current CCD: Charge Coupled Device EDC: Electronic Diesel Control ACC: Adaptive Cruise Control CD: Compact Disc EDR: Enhanced Data Rate ACL: Asynchronous Connection Less CDMA: Code Division Multiple EE: Electrics/Electronics ACSD: Automatic Child Seat Detection Access EEM: Electrical Energy Management ADC: Analog/Digital Converter CHI: Controller Host Interface EEPROM (E2PROM): Electrically AFH: Adaptive Frequency Hopping CISPR: Special Committee for Erasable Programmable Read AFM: AntiFerroMagnet Electromagnetic Interference Only Memory AFS: Adaptive Frontlighting System (French: Comité International EGAS: Electronic throttle control AGM: Absorbent Glass Mat Spécial des Perturbations) (German: Elektronisches Gaspedal) ALWR: Automatic headlamp range CMOS: Complementary Metal Oxide EGR: Exhaust-Gas Recirculation control (German: Automatische Semiconductor EL: ElectroLuminescence foil Leuchtweitenregulierung) CMS: Control Message Service EMC: ElectroMagnetic Compatibility AMA: Active Member Address COP: Coil on Plug EMM: Electrical Energy Management AMR: Anisotrop Magneto Resistive CPU: Central Processing Unit EN ECU: Vehicle Electrical System AMS: Application Message Service CR: Common Rail Electronic Control Unit APB: Automated Parking Brake CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Checksum EOL: End of Line ARS: Angle of Rotation Sensor CVG: Coriolis Vibrating Gyros EPROM: Erasable Programmable ASC: Active Suspension Control CVSD: Continuous Variable Slope Read Only Memory ASG: Automatic transmission Delta Modulation ESD: ElectroStatic Discharge (German: Automatisches CVT: Continuously Variable Trans- ESI: Electronic Service Information Schaltgetriebe) mission ESP: Electronic Stability Program ASIC: Application Specific Integrated ETN: European Type Number Circuit D EU: European Union ASIS: Active Shift Strategy DAC: Device Access Code ASSP: Application Specific Standard DAC: Digital Analog Converter F Product DC: Direct Current FEC: Forward Error Correction AT: Attention Sequence DF: Speed sensor FES: Frame End Sequence AT: Automatic Transmission (German: Drehzahlfühler) FET: Field-Effect Transistor ATF: Automatic Transmission Fluid DGPS: Differential GPS FFT: Fast Fourier Transformation Autosar: AUtomotive Open Systems DI: Direct Injection FH/TDD: Frequency Hop/ ARchitecture DIN: German Institute for Standard- Time Division Duplex ization (German: Deutsches FHSS: Frequency Hopping Spread B Institut für Normung) Spectrum BCI: Bulk Current Injection DKG: Double-clutch transmission Flash-EPROM: Flash-Erasable BD: Bus Driver (German: Doppelkupplungs- Programmable Read Only Memory BDC: Bottom Dead Center getriebe) FMCW: Frequency Modulated BG: Bus Guardian DRAM: Dynamic RAM Continuous Wave BGE: Bus Guardian Enable DRO: Dielectric Resonance Oscillator FMVSS: Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Bit: Binary digit DRS-MM: Yaw-rate sensor, Standard BLDC: BrushLess DC Motor micromechanical FOT: Fiber Optic Transceiver BM: Bus Minus (German: Drehratesensor, FSK: Frequency Shift Keying BNEP: Bluetooth Network Encapsula- mikromechanisch) FSS: Frame Start Sequence tion Protocol DSP: Digital Signal Processor FTDMA: Flexible Time Division BP: Bus Plus DTS: Dynamic Trailing Sequence Multiple Access BSR Battery Status Recognition DVD: Digital Versatile Disc FTM: Fault-tolerant average (German: BSS: Byte Start Sequence Fehlertoleranter Mittelwert) Abbreviations | 529

G LIN: Local Interconnect Network POC: Protocol Operation Control GAP: Generic Access Profile Litronic: Light-Electronics POF: Plastic Optical Fiber GFSK: Gaussian Frequency Shift LMP: Link Manager Protocol ppm: parts per million Keying LSB: Least Significant Bit PPP: Point-to-Point Protocol GMR: Giant Magneto Resistive LSI: Large Scale Integration PPS: Peripheral Pressure Sensor GOEP: Generic Object Exchange LSU: Planar wide-band Lambda PROM: Programmable Read Only Profile oxygen sensor (German: Memory GPS: Global Positioning System Lambda-Sonde Universal) PSK: Phase Shift Keying LTCC: Low Temperature Cofired PTC: Positive Temperature Coefficient H Ceramic PTFE: Polytetrafluoroethylene HCI: Host Controller Interface PVDF: Polyvinylidenefluoride HD: Heavy Duty M PWM: Pulse-Width Modulated HDEV: High-pressure fuel injector MAC: Media Access Control PZT: Lead Zirconate Titanate (German: Hochdruck- MAMAC: MOST Asynchronous Einspritzventil) Medium Access Control R HDL: Hardware Description Language MC, µC: MicroController RADAR: RAdiation Detecting And HEV: Hybrid Electrical Vehicle MEMS: MicroElectro-Mechanical Ranging HF: High-Frequency System RAM: Random Access Memory HFM: Hot-Film Air-Mass Meter MHP: MOST High Protocol RBH: Replaceable Bulb Headlamp HHC: Hill Hold Control MM: MicroMechanics RFCOMM: Radio Frequency COMMu- MOS: Metal Oxide Semiconductor nication I MOST: Media Oriented Systems RHD: Right Hand Drive I/O: In-/Output Transport ROM: Read Only Memory IAC: Inquiry Access Code MSB: Most Significant Bit ROM: Roll Over Mitigation IC: Integrated Circuit MSC: Message Sequence Chart RTR: Remote Transmission Request ICT: In-Circuit Test (printed-circuit- MSI: Medium Scale Integration RWG: Control-rack travel sensor board manufacture, production MST: MicroSystem Technology (German: Regelweggeber) process) MTS: Media Access Test Symbol IDE: Identifier Extension Bit S IDI: InDirect Injection N SAE: Society of Automotive Engineers IEEE: Institute of Electrical and NAP: Non-significant Address Part SAF: Synthetic AntiFerromagnet Electronics Engineers NIC: Network Interface Controller SAW: Surface Acoustic Wave IMC: Integrated Magnetic Concen- NIT: Network Idle Time SCO: Synchronous Connection trator NRZ: Non-Return to Zero Oriented INIC: Intelligent Network Interface NTC: Negative Temperature SDAP: Service Discovery Application Controller Coefficient Protocol ISM: Industrial Scientific Medicine SDP: Service Discovery Protocol ISO: International Organization for O SEFI: SEquential Fuel Injection Standardization OBEX: OBject EXchange SEI: Software Engineering Institute OC: Occupant Classification SIG: Special Interest Group J ODB: Offset Deformable Barrier crash (Bluetooth)

JIS: Japanese Industrial Standard OSI: Open System Interconnection SiO2: Silicon Dioxide SLIO: (Serial Linked Input/Output) K P SMD: Surface Mounted Device KSN: Customer search number PAN: Personal Area Network SMM: Surface MicroMechanics (German: Kundensuchnummer) PAS: Peripheral Acceleration Sensor SMT: Surface Mount Technology PC: Personal Computer SOC: State Of Charge (battery) L PCB: Printed-Circuit Board SoC: System on a Chip L2CAP: Logical Link Control and PCI: Protocol Control Information SOF: State Of Function (battery) Adaptation Protocol PCM: Pulse Code Modulation SOH: State Of Health (battery) LAN: Local Area Network PDA: Personal Digital Assistant SPP: Serial Port Profile LAP: Lower Address Part PES: Poly-Ellipsoid System SRR: Substitute Remote Request LCD: Liquid Crystal Display PLC: PowerLine Communication SSI: Small Scale Integration ldf: LIN Description File PLL: Phase Locked Loop STP: Shielded Twisted Pair LED: Light Emitting Diode PMA: Parked Member Address StVZO: German version of FMVSS/CUR 530 | Abbreviations, |, Abkürzungen

T V TAS: Torque Angle Sensor VCSEL: Vertical Cavity Surface TCS: Traction-Control System Emitting Laser TCS BIN: Telephony Control Protocol VCO: Voltage-Controlled Oscillator Specification – BINary VDE: Association of German Electrical TDC: Top Dead Center Engineers (German: Verband der TDD: Time Division Duplex Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informa- TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access tionstechnik) TEM: Transverse ElectroMagnetic VHD: Vertical Hall Devices Field VHDL: Visual Hardware Description TIM: Twist Intensive Mounting Language TPO: True Power On VLSI: Very Large Scale Integration TSS: Transmission Start Sequence TTNR: Bosch part number W (German: Typteilenummer) WAN: Wide Area Network WD: WatchDog U WLAN: Wireless Local Area Network UAP: Upper Address Part WUP: WakeUp Pattern UART: Universal Asynchronous WUS: WakeUp Symbol Receiver/Transmitter UIS: Unit Injector System Z UDS: Unified Diagnostic Services ZD: Zener Diode UPS: Unit Pump System UTP: Unshielded Twisted Pair UV: UltraViolet