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1 C255-POM-S-Feb06 C255-POM-S-FEB06 1 Contents DISASSEMBLY OF CYLINDER HEAD 16 REFACING THE VALVES 18 REASSEMBLY OF CYLINDER HEAD 18 FOREWORD 4 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 4 CYLINDER SLEEVE 20 PISTON & CONNECTING ROD 20 OPERATION 6 CAMSHAFT 22 BEFORE STARTING 6 CRANKSHAFT 22 COOLANT 6 OIL PUMP 24 LUBRICATION 6 FUEL 7 GOVERNOR 25 OIL BATH AIR CLEANER 7 SPEED ADJUSTMENT 25 FINAL INSPECTION 8 POWER TAKE-OFF STARTING THE ENGINE 8 REMOVAL & DISASSEMBLY 26 BRINGING THE ENGINE UP TO SPEED 8 POWER TAKE-OFF STOPPING THE ENGINE 8 ASSEMBLY & INSTALLATION 28 EMERGENCY STOP 9 SPECIFICATIONS AND DERATES 30 INSPECTION 9 DAILY INSPECTION 9 PARTS 33 WEEKLY INSPECTION 9 MONTHLY INSPECTION 9 CRANKCASE AND BASE 33 CRANKSHAFT, CAMSHAFT & SERVICE 10 TIMING GEARS 34 LUBRICATION 10 PISTON & CONNECTING ROD 35 CIRCULATION OF OIL 10 CYLINDER HEAD 36 OIL FILTER 10 ROCKER ARM & COVER 37 OIL SUMP 10 OIL PUMP 10 CYLINDER BLOCK 38 MAGNETO LUBRICATION 11 OIL PUMP AND FILTER 39 GOVERNOR LUBRICATION 11 FLYWHEEL & HOUSING 41 CLUTCH LUBRICATION 11 OVERSPEED CONTROLER 42 FUEL SYSTEM 11 CARBURETOR 11 MAGNETO & GOVERNOR DRIVE 43 FUEL RATE FOR ARROW ENGINES 12 GOVERNOR 45 BTU RATE FOR ARROW ENGINES 12 INSTRUMENT PANEL 46 HIGHER HEATING VALUES OF FUEL 12 ARROW C-255 FUEL CONSUMPTION 13 CARBURETOR & AIR CLEANER 47 AIR CLEANER 13 CARBURETOR COMPONENTS 49 COOLING SYSTEM 13 RADIATOR 51 ALTRONIC 1 IGNITION 14 ELECTRIC STARTER 52 IGNITION SYSTEM TROUBLESHOOTING 14 SPARK PLUG 15 ALTRONIC 1 IGNITION 53 POWER TAKE-OFF 15 POWER TAKE OFF COMPONENTS 55 ADJUSTMENT 15 POWER TAKE OFF 56 LUBRICATION 15 COMPLETE OIL LINE KIT 57 DRIVING PLATE REPLACEMENT 15 INSTALLATION OF OIL LINES 57 COMPLETE GASKET SET 58 ENGINE OVERHAUL 16 TORQUING SEQUENCE 59 CYLINDER HEAD 16 VALVES AND MECHANISM 16 2 3 FOREWORD transfer the rotary motion of the crankshaft to take-off Cranking the engine for starting is aided by using NOTE: GENERAL DESCRIPTION assembly. The clutch can be disengaged manually to a manual compression release that holds both intake The engine will be severely damaged if it is allowed remove the load from the engine during starting and/or valves open while the starter turns the crankshaft to operate without proper lubrication or adequate These instructions cover the twin cylinder four remove the driving force from the load at any time. and the attached flywheels up to a speed from which collant levels. If either the oil pressure or the coolant stroke-cycle gas engines manufactured by Arrow their momentum can aid the starting process. While level drops below safe amount, the magneto is Engine Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma. The engines are Low pressure carburetion is used for the C- the valves are held open, there is no compression so shorted and the engine is stopped automatically. A identified as Model C-255. They are low speed heavy 255 engines. The carburetor can be adjusted to the starter does not have to work as hard to turn the sight gauge is included for the coolant level and the duty engines that are designed to provide rotary power accommodate either natural, well head gas, or butane- crankshaft. After the flywheels are turning at about oil level sight glass indicates crankcase oil level. The to equipment in oil field applications, where they are propane as fuel. The fuel must be furnished through a 30 RPM, the manual compression release can be low water level gauge and the low oil pressure gauge used for continuous operation. A minimum amount volume-tank/scrubber to the fuel inlet of the engine, closed and the engine then starts to fire when the have an automatic cut off switch that is activated if of maintenance is required for their continuous these being essential accessories as explained in fuel-air mixture is compressed and ignited by the either condition is not satisfactory. Another safety operation. Section 3, Installation. spark plugs. feature is also included to prevent engine damage; this is a switch that is actuated if the engine The C-255 normally operates in the speed range A 12-volt DC electrical starting system is standard, The standard cooling system is a pressurized should be accelerated to an overspeed condition of 400 to 750 RPM and is maximum rated at 55 powered from the electrical system of a truck or car condensing system. This system provides for a (greater than about 800 RPM). A spring loaded continuous horsepower when running at 750 RPM. or other portable source of DC power. Jumper cables uniform operating temperature at all ambient pin is mounted in the larger flywheel and, under Less horsepower is available when operated at a lower can be used to connect the power source to the temperatures. By operating the engine at a high an overspeed condition, the pin triggers a latching speed. engine through the built-in Cannon receptacle on the temperature, contamination and sludging of the switch to disconnect the ignition. instrument panel of the engine; the power source can lubricating oil is reduced. The pressurized cooling The C-255 is an upgraded version of the C-245 be disconnected after the engine has been started. A system minimizes loss of coolant through evaporation. One of the special features of the Arrow C-255 gas with an operating range of 400 RPM to 750 RPM. starter switch is located on the instrument panel near Maximum continuous horsepower for cyclical loading the Cannon receptacle, and the C-255 normally starts is 55hp. after about three complete crankshaft revolutions. An optional turbine type air starter can be selected as an The two cylinders are oriented horizontally and are alternate to the 12 volt DC electrical starter system; positioned side by side. They are identical except this option is advantageous for use where a plentiful that they operate out of phase with respect to each supply of high pressure gas is available to drive the other. In either cylinder, the four strokes in a cycle turbine during starting. occur during two complete crankshaft revolutions. The events that are associated with each of the four strokes The engine speed is controlled by a governor, and are ignition and combustion (the power stroke), manual adjustment of the governor is used to set the exhaust, intake, and compression. The power stroke RPM rate. As a load changes, the governor responds in one cylinder occurs during the intake stroke of the and adjusts the fuel flow rate so that the desired RPM other cylinder. For reference, the cylinder further from rate recovers quickly and automatically. When the the power take-off is called #1 and the other closer to engine first starts, and while it is accelerating toward the power take-off is #2. its normal speed, an impulse coupling retards the spark so that ignition occurs when the piston is at top There are two flywheels in the C-255 engine. One dead center in the cylinder. Then, after the engine is located internally on the end of the crankshaft speeds up to about 150 to 175 RPM, the impulse closer to the power take-off and is used also to drive coupling switches so that the spark is automatically the belt for the cooling fan. The other, larger, flywheel adjusted to occur 17 degrees before top dead center. is located externally on the end of the crankshaft This timing provides the most efficient fuel economy opposite the power take-off. The engine is designed to possible. rotate in a clockwise direction, identified by observing the end of the crankshaft opposite the power take-off. The spark for ignition is supplied by a self-powered CD ignition system. This system consists of a high The flywheels and an internal timing gear are energy charging magnet, a trigger magnet, a generator physically mounted on the crankshaft and these parts coil, trigger coil, necessary wiring and sparkplugs. all turn as a unit. A manual clutch on the power take-off end of the crankshaft can be engaged to 4 5 engine is the full pressure lubrication system. An oil It is very important for the engine operator to be connecting rods, governor, rocker arm assembly, carburetor of the engine. A dial cock is installed pump is driven by the crankshaft to force lubricating thoroughly familiar with the function and normal and valve push rods. A sight gauge on the crankcase near the carburetor in the line from the volume-tank/ oil from the crankcase reservoir up to the moving parts operation of all of its parts. The engine should never permits observation of the oil level and of its scrubber. in the engine. These include the rocker assembly and be started until the proper preliminary steps have condition at any time. This level will normally drop If the available natural gas is sour (containing a valves, the governor and the accessory drives. An oil been completed. Familiarity with all aspects of normal after the engine starts because some of the oil will high concentration of sulfur), the engine will operate filter is included in the system to constantly clean any operation, coupled with the proper periodic maintenance, then be pumped up through the moving parts that satisfactorily but its internal parts will be subject foreign matter from the lubricating oil. will ensure a long lifetime of useful service. are at a level higher than the reservoir. It may be to more rapid deterioration than would otherwise necessary to add more oil after the engine has been be experienced. Thus, it, is necessary under such As a corrective maintenance aid, each valve closes OPERATION started so that the level in the crankcase is within the conditions to inspect the valves, seats, inner cylinder against a replaceable valve seat so that the valve and range of the sight gauge.
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