Where the Sognefjord Goes Ashore
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Naturlig Utbredelse Av Gran I Norge
Naturlig utbredelse av gran i Norge NIBIO RAPPORT | VOL. 6 | NR. 111 | 2020 Bernt‐Håvard Øyen, Skognæringa Kyst SA Per Holm Nygaard, Divisjon for Skog og Utmark, NIBIO TITTEL/TITLE NATURLIG UTBREDELSE AV GRAN I NORGE / SPONTANEOUS SPRUCE IN NORWAY Naturlig utbredelse av gran i Norge FORFATTER(E)/AUTHOR(S) Bernt-Håvard Øyen, Per Holm Nygaard DATO/DATE: RAPPORT NR./ TILGJENGELIGHET/AVAILABILITY: PROSJEKTNR./PROJECT NO.: SAKSNR./ARCHIVE NO.: REPORT NO.: 23.09.2020 6/111/2020 Åpen 522010 20/01093 ISBN: ISSN: ANTALL SIDER/ ANTALL VEDLEGG/ NO. OF PAGES: NO. OF APPENDICES: 978-82-17-02637-2 2464-1162 67 13 OPPDRAGSGIVER/EMPLOYER: KONTAKTPERSON/CONTACT PERSON: Oppdragsgiver STIKKORD/KEYWORDS: FAGOMRÅDE/FIELD OF WORK: Vanlig gran, Picea abies, Utbredelse, Spontan, Skogfag, Plantegeografi, Palynologi, Skogøkologi Semi-spontan, Kulturskog, Skogreising, Plantet skog, Norge, Vest-Norge, Nord-Norge SAMMENDRAG/SUMMARY: Litteratur som omhandler utbredelsen til vanlig gran (Picea abies L. Karst.) i Norge er analysert. Rapporten presenterer et nytt utbredelseskart for spontan gran i Norge hvor forekomster i ytterkanten av hovedområdene bestående av småbestand, holt og enkelttrær er inkludert. Vanlig gran opptrer med spontane forekomster i alle norske fylker, regioner og landsdeler, fra kyst til høgfjell. Grandominert skog dekker i dag 32,4 mill. dekar. Spontan gran er så langt ikke blitt registrert utbredt i de ytre kyststrøk på Vestlandet, og i kyst- og fjordstrøk mellom Salten og Øst- Finnmark. Kulturgran og semi-spontan gran er imidlertid vanlig forekommende også her. Kulturskogarealene med gran som er etablert gjennom skogreisingen langs kysten de siste 70 år utgjør om lag 3 millioner dekar. Granas andel av stående volum i skogene er størst i Trøndelag og på Østlandet, og minst på Sørlandet, Vestlandet og i Nord-Norge. -
Jotunheimen National Park
Jotunheimen National Park Photo: Øivind Haug Map and information Jotunheimen Welcome to the National Park National Parks in Norway Welcome to Jotunheimen An alpine landscape of high mountains, snow and glaciers whichever way you turn. This is how it feels to be on top of Galdhøpiggen: You know that at this moment in time you are at the highest point in Norway with firm ground under your feet. What you see around you are the highest mountains of Northern Europe. An alpine landscape of high mountains, deciduous forests and high waterfalls. snow and glaciers whichever way you The public footpath that winds its way turn. This is how it feels to be on top up the valley crosses over the wildly of Galdhøpiggen: You know that at this cascading Utla river many times on its moment in time you are at the highest way down the valley. point in Norway with firm ground under your feet. What you see around Can you see yourself on top of one you are the highest mountains of of the sharpest ridges? Mountain Northern Europe. climbing in Jotunheimen is as popular today as when the English started to Jotunheimen covers an area from explore these mountains during the the west country landscape of high, 1800s and many are still following sharp ridged peaks in Hurrungane, the in the footsteps of Slingsby and the most distinctive peaks, to the eastern other pioneers. country landscape of large valleys and mountain lakes. Do you dream about the jerk of the fishing rod when a trout bites? Do you The emerald green Gjende is the dream of escaping to the mountains in queen of the lakes. -
Gudvangen, and a Passangerboat from Flåm/Aurland, Will Take You Through Some of the Most Spectacular Scenery in Norway
2018/2019 www.sognefjord.no Welcome to the Sognefjord – all year! The Sognefjord – Fjord Norways longest and most spectacular fjord with the Flåm railway, Jostedalen glacier, Jotunheimen national park, UNESCO Urnes stave church, local food, Aurlandsdalen valley, UNESCO fjord cruise, kayaking, glacier center, RIB-tours, hiking trails and other activities and accommodations with a fjord view. Deer farm, bathing facilities, fjord kayaking, family glacier hiking, museums, centers, playland and much more for the kids. The UNESCO Nærøyfjord was in 2004 titled by the National Geographic as “the worlds best unspoiled destination”. The Jotunheimen National park has fantastic hiking areas and Vettifossen - the most beautiful waterfall in Norway. There are marked hiking trails in Aurlandsdalen Valley and many other places around the Sognefjord. Glacier hiking at the Jostedalen glacier – the largest glacier on main land Europe – is an unique experience. There is Vorfjellet, Luster ©Vegard Aasen / VERI Media also three National tourist routes in the area – Sognefjellet, Aurlandsfjellet (“the Snowroad”) and Gaularfjellet, with attractions such as the viewpoints Stegastein and “Utsikten”. Summertime offers classic fjord experiences. In the autumn the air is clear and the fjord is Contents Contact us Tourist information dressed in beautiful autumn colors – the best time of the year for hiking and cycling. The Autumn and Winter 6 Visit Sognefjord AS Common phone(+47) 99 23 15 00 autumns shifts to the “Winter Fjord” with magical fjord light, alpine ski touring, snow shoe Sognefjord 8 Fosshaugane Campus Aurland: (+47) 91 79 41 64 walks, ski resorts, cross country skiing, fjord kayaking, RIB-safari, fjord cruises, the Flåm railway «Hiking buses»/Getting to Trolladalen 30 Flåm: (+47) 95 43 04 14 and guided tours to the magical blue ice caves under the glacier. -
Mineralogy and Geological Setting of Allanite-(Ce)-Pegmatites 341
NORWEGIAN JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY Mineralogy and geological setting of allanite-(Ce)-pegmatites 341 Mineralogy and geological setting of allanite-(Ce)- pegmatites in western Hurrungane, Jotun Nappe Complex, Norway: an EMP and ID-TIMS study Simon Spürgin, Rune S. Selbekk and Anders Mattias Lundmark Spürgin, S., Selbekk, R. & Lundmark, M. 2009: Mineralogy and geological setting of allanite-(Ce)- pegmatites in western Hurrungane, Jotun Nappe Complex, Norway: an EMP and ID-TIMS study. Norwegian Journal of Geology, vol. 89, pp 341-356, Trondheim 2009, ISSN 029-196X. The 950 ± 1 Ma Berdalsbandet Pegmatite Swarm (BPS) in Hurrungane, in the Jotun Nappe Complex, SW Norway, consists of ≤2 m wide subpa- rallel granitic dykes emplaced in a sinistral non-coaxial shear zone, constraining the age of local Sveconorwegian deformation. The abyssal class dyke swarm is interpreted to be related to local Sveconorwegian anatexis; mineralogy and REE characteristics indicate low degree partial melting. The pegmatites are symmetrically zoned and typically consist of an outer zone of feldspar + allanite-(Ce) + biotite, a transitional zone of feldspar + quartz + schorl + Fe-Ti-oxides, an inner zone of quartz + schorl + garnet + beryl and a core of hydrothermal quartz. A metasomatic rim of biotite is locally developed along contacts to the amphibolite wallrock. Secondary zeolites are suggested to relate to late- to post-Caledonian altera- tion. The dykes contain various rare-earth minerals, predominantly allanite-(Ce). Its composition, determined by electron microprobe (EMP) and 2+ expressed by representative analyses from three samples, is: (Ca0.86REE0.80Mn0.09Th0.01Na0.03)Σ1.79(Al1.79Fe 0.99Mg0.16Ti0.10)Σ3.04(Si3.17P0.01)O12(OH), (Ca1 2+ 3+ 2+ 3+ 0.30 .12REE0.72Mn0.03Th0.01Na0.02)Σ1.90(Al1.73Fe 0.66Fe 0.33Mg0.26Ti0.03)Σ3.01Si3.07O12(OH) and (Ca1.10REE0.74Mn0.02Th0.01Na0.01)Σ1.88(Al1.75Fe 0.69Fe 0.26Mg Ti0.04) 3+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 3+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 3+ Σ3.04Si3.08O12(OH). -
2015/2016 Welcome to the Sognefjord – All Year!
2015/2016 www.sognefjord.no Welcome to the Sognefjord – all year! The Sognefjord – Fjord Norways longest and most spectacular fjord with the Flåm railway, Jostedalen glacier, Jotunheimen national park, UNESCO Urnes stave church, local food, Aurlandsdalen valley, UNESCO fjord cruise, kayaking, glacier center, RIB-tours, hiking trails and other activities and accommodations with a fjord view. Motorikpark, deer farm, bathing facilities, fjord kayaking, family glacier hiking, museums, centers, playland and much more for the kids. The UNESCO Nærøyfjord was in 2004 titled by the National Geographic as “the worlds best unspoiled destination”. The Jotunheimen National park has fantastic hiking areas and Vettifossen - the most beautiful waterfall in Norway. There are marked hiking trails in Aurlandsdalen Valley and many other places around the Sognefjord. Glacier hiking at the Jostedalen glacier – the largest glacier on main land Europe – is an unique experience. There is Molden, Luster - © Terje Rakke, Nordic Life AS, Fjord Norway also three National tourist routes in the area – Sognefjellet, Aurlandsfjellet (“the Snowroad”) and Gaularfjellet, with attractions such as the viewpoints Stegastein and “Utsikten”. Summertime offers classic fjord experiences. In the autumn the air is clear and the fjord is Contents Contact us Tourist information dressed in beautiful autumn colors – the best time of the year for hiking and cycling. The Autumn and Winter 6 Visit Sognefjord AS Common phone (+47) 99 23 15 00 autumns shifts to the “Winter Fjord” with magical fjord light, alpine ski touring, snow shoe Sognefjord 8 Fosshaugane Campus Aurland: (+47) 91 79 41 64 walks, ski resorts, cross country skiing, fjord kayaking, RIB-safari, fjord cruises, the Flåm railway National Tourist Routes 12 Trolladalen 30 Flåm: (+47) 95 43 04 14 and guided tours to the magical blue ice caves under the glacier. -
Guiden2020 Engelsk Low.Pdf
2020/2021 www.sognefjord.no Welcome to the Sognefjord – all year! The Sognefjord – Fjord Norways longest and most spectacular fjord with the Flåm railway, Jostedalen glacier, Jotunheimen national park, UNESCO Urnes stave church, local food, Aurlandsdalen valley, UNESCO fjord cruise, kayaking, glacier center, RIB-tours, hiking trails and other activities and accommodations with a fjord view. Deer farm, bathing facilities, fjord kayaking, family glacier hiking, museums, centers, playland and much more for the kids. The UNESCO Nærøyfjord was in 2004 titled by the National Geographic as “the worlds best unspoiled destination”. The Jotunheimen National park has fantastic hiking areas and Vettifossen - the most beautiful waterfall in Norway. There are marked hiking trails in Aurlandsdalen Valley and many other places around the Sognefjord. Glacier hiking at the Jostedalen glacier – the largest glacier on main land Europe – is an unique experience. There is Luster © VERI Media also three National tourist routes in the area – Sognefjellet, Aurlandsfjellet (“the Snowroad”) and Gaularfjellet, with attractions such as the viewpoints Stegastein and “Utsikten”. Summertime offers classic fjord experiences. In the autumn the air is clear and the fjord is Contents Contact us dressed in beautiful autumn colors – the best time of the year for hiking and cycling. The Autumn and Winter 6 autumns shifts to the “Winter Fjord” with magical fjord light, alpine ski touring, snow shoe Sognefjord 8 walks, ski resorts, cross country skiing, fjord kayaking, RIB-safari, fjord cruises, the Flåm railway Visit Sognefjord AS «Hiking buses»/Getting to and guided tours to the magical blue ice caves under the glacier. The spring breakes in with Fosshaugane Campus and around the Sognefjord 11 flowering and snow powdered mountain tops – maybe the best time of year to visit the Trolladalen 30, NO-6856 Sogndal National Tourist Routes 12 Sognefjord. -
2009 Aurland
Aurland - Flåm - Lærdal – Årdal 2009 Sognefjord Nærøyfjorden – World Heritage Site www.alr.no Choose a green hotel! Fretheim Hotel is located in Flåm, in an arm to the At Fretheim Hotel you will live like royalties, and you can Sognefjord. With the mountains as a frame and the enjoy your meals in a fantastic environment. During the fjord as a mirror, you will stay at one of the most beau- summer we have a delicious buffet in the restaurant. You tiful places in Norway. can also have a la carte menu with local and organic food the whole year around. In the summer we also have the At Fretheim Hotel we are proud of our culinary herit- coffee and wine bar open. In addition to homebrewed age and philosophy The Conscious Cuisine®. The main coffee and different types of wine, we have exiting small goal is to be aware of the origin, production method, dishes and homemade cakes. quality and preparation of the food. The food we serve comes from the surrounding area. We cooperate with In the storehouse which was made in 1928 you can have the local farmers, which ensures a steady supply of the an overnight stay with a historic atmosphere. You can finest raw materials. also have a traditional cured meat meal while you have the view of cured ham hanging down from the roof! Fretheim Hotel is a classified green hotel. The certification called Miljøfyrtårn is a national environ- Green experiences are something we recommend. In Flåm ment certification, implies that we have made an effort we have many types of experiences to offer. -
Biologi Og Forvaltning
Fjeilskog i Sør-Norge: biologi og forvaltning Arvid Odland Kjetil Bevanger Eli Fremstad Oddvar Hanssen Ole Reitan Kaare Aagaard NINA NORSK INSTITU1T FOR NATURFORSKNING Fjellskog i Sør-Norge: biologi og forvaltning Arvid Odland Kjetil Bevanger Eli Fremstad Oddvar Hanssen Ole Reitan Kaare Aagaard NORSK INST1rMTT FOR NATURFORSKNIN.G Odland, A., Bevanger, K., Fremstad, E., Hanssen, 0., Reitan, 0. & Aagaard, K. 1992. Fjellskog i Sør- Norge: biologi og forvaltning NINA Oppdrags- melding 123: 1-90. Trondheim, april 1992 ISSN 0802-4103 ISBN 82-426-0224-7 Forvaltningsområde Arealbruk - terrestrisk Copyright (C) NINA Norsk institutt for naturforskning Publikasjonen kan siteres med kildeangivelse Redaksjon: Eli Fremstad, Synnøve Flø Vanvik Opplag: 200 Kontaktadresse: Norsk institutt for naturforskning Tungasietta 2 7005 Trondheim Tif.: (07) 58 05 00 2 © Norsk institutt for naturforskning (NINA) 2010 http://www.nina.no Vennligst kontakt NINA, NO-7485 TRONDHEIM for reproduksjon av tabeller, figurer, illustrasjoner i denne rapporten. Referat Abstract Odland, A., Bevanger, K., Fremstad, E., Hanssen, Odland, A., Bevanger, K., Fremstad, E., Hanssen, 0., Reitan, 0. & Aagaard, K. 1992. Fjellskog i Sør- 0., Reitan, 0. & Aagaard, K. 1992. Mountain Norge: biologi og forvaltning. - NINA Oppdrags- forests in South Norway: biology and management. - melding 123: 1-90. NINA Oppdragsmelding 123: 1-90. Oppdragsmeldingen gir en oppsummering av kunn- This report gives a review of biological knowledge skap når det gjelder de sørnorske fjellskogenes of upland forests in South Norway. It includes biologi og økologi: flora, vegetasjon, fugleliv, information concerning flora, vegetation, birds, invertebrater og pattedyr. Med fjellskog mener en i invertebrates, and mammals. "Upland forests" is here denne sammenheng det bartredominerte øvre skog- defined as the upper coniferous forests below the beltet under den klimatiske skoggrensa (i nordboreal climatic forest limit (north boreal region sensu Dahl region) som har karakter av en økoton mellom et al. -
Proterozoic Evolution and Provenance of the High-Grade Jotun Nappe Complex, SW Norway: U–Pb Geochronology A.M
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Precambrian Research 159 (2007) 133–154 Proterozoic evolution and provenance of the high-grade Jotun Nappe Complex, SW Norway: U–Pb geochronology A.M. Lundmark a,∗, F. Corfu a,S.Spurgin¨ b, R.S. Selbekk b,c a Institute of Geosciences, Sem Sælands vei 1, 0371 Oslo University, Norway b Mineralogisch-Geochemisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit¨at, Albertstraße 23b, 79104 Freiburg, Germany c Natural History Museum (Geology), Oslo University, PB 1172 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway Received 14 June 2006; received in revised form 21 December 2006; accepted 25 December 2006 Abstract New U–Pb geochronological data are used to explore the Proterozoic history and provenance of the Jotun Nappe Complex in the Scandinavian Caledonides, SW Norway. Orthogneisses in the upper part of the complex, the high-grade Upper Jotun Nappe, yield protolith ages of 1.66, 1.63 and 1.26 Ga. During the Sveconorwegian orogeny, the rocks underwent penetrative deformation and metamorphism up to granulite facies conditions. Later shearing, hydration and retrogression under amphibolite-facies conditions is dated to 954 ± 3 Ma by local, syntectonic melting of granitic gneiss and 950 ± 1 Ma emplacement of syntectonic, syn-retrogression pegmatites, suggested to reflect decompression and partial exhumation of the lower crustal rocks. A second cycle of granulite- facies metamorphism is dated to 934 ± 1 Ma, coeval with 934 ± 3 Ma anatexis of granitic gneiss. We propose that the second cycle represents post-collisional elevated heat flow, correlated to granulite-facies metamorphism in the related Lindas˚ Nappe, and to anorthosite and granite plutonism at higher crustal levels in the western Baltic Shield, possibly in response to late-orogenic underplating or delamination. -
Gudvangen, Og Passasjerbåt Frå Flåm/Aurland, Får Du Oppleve Noko Av Det Mest Spesielle Landskapet Norge Kan by På
2016/2017 www.sognefjord.no Velkommen til Sognefjorden - heile året! Sognefjorden – Fjord Norges lengste og mest innhaldsrike fjord med Flåmsbana, Jostedalsbreen, Jotunheimen, Rallarvegen, UNESCO Urnes stavkyrkje, lokalmat, Aurlandsdalen, UNESCO fjordcruise, kajakkpadling, bresenter, RIB-turar, villakssenter, vandreløyper, fjordnære opplevingar og overnatting med fjordutsikt. Motorikpark, hjortefarm, badeanlegg, fjordpadling, familieturar på breen, museum, senter, leikeland og mykje meir for dei minste. UNESCO Nærøyfjorden vart i 2004 kåra av National Geographic til «Verdas beste urørte reisemål». Jotunheimen nasjonalpark har fantastiske turområde og Vettifossen, Norges vakraste fossefall. Du finn i tillegg Aurlandsdalen, Rallarvegen, Molden og mange andre merka turløyper for alle rundt Sognefjorden. Brevandring på breane i Jostedalsbreen nasjonalpark - den største isbreen på det Europeiske fastlandet – er ei unik oppleving. Me har tre Nasjonale turistvegar, Utsikt frå Molden, Luster - ©Terje Rakke, Nordic Life AS, Fjord Norway Sognefjellet, Aurlandsfjellet («Snøvegen») og Gaularfjellet, med attraksjonar som utsiktpunktet Stegastein i Aurland og «Utsikten» på Gaularfjellet. Sommaren gir deg klassiske fjordopplevingar. Om hausten er lufta klår og fjorden kledd i Innhald Kontakt oss Turistinformasjon haustdrakt – den beste tiden for vandring og sykling. Hausten går over mot «Vinterfjorden» Haust og vinter 6 Visit Sognefjord AS Felles Tel: (+47) 99 23 15 00 med det spesielle fjordlyset, guida toppturar, trugeturar, gode skianlegg, langrenn, fjordpadling, Sognefjorden 8 Fosshaugane Campus Aurland: (+47) 91 79 41 64 RIB-safari, fjordcruise, Flåmsbana eller besøk i dei magiske blåisgrottene under breen. Så kjem "Vandrebussar"/ Trolladalen 30 Flåm: (+47) 95 43 04 14 våren med fruktblomstring og snø på toppane - kanskje den aller finaste årstiden å besøke Til og frå Sognefjorden 11 NO-6856 Sogndal Lærdal: (+47) 48 27 75 26 Sognefjorden. -
Sognefjord Gjestehotell
2017/2018 www.sognefjord.no Welcome to the Sognefjord – all year! The Sognefjord – Fjord Norways longest and most spectacular fjord with the Flåm railway, Jostedalen glacier, Jotunheimen national park, UNESCO Urnes stave church, local food, Aurlandsdalen valley, UNESCO fjord cruise, kayaking, glacier center, RIB-tours, hiking trails and other activities and accommodations with a fjord view. Motorikpark, deer farm, bathing facilities, fjord kayaking, family glacier hiking, museums, centers, playland and much more for the kids. The UNESCO Nærøyfjord was in 2004 titled by the National Geographic as “the worlds best unspoiled destination”. The Jotunheimen National park has fantastic hiking areas and Vettifossen - the most beautiful waterfall in Norway. There are marked hiking trails in Aurlandsdalen Valley and many other places around the Sognefjord. Glacier hiking at the Jostedalen glacier – the largest glacier on main land Europe – is an unique experience. There is also three National tourist routes in the area – Sognefjellet, Aurlandsfjellet (“the Snowroad”) and Gaularfjellet, with attractions such as the viewpoints Stegastein and “Utsikten”. Summertime offers classic fjord experiences. In the autumn the air is clear and the fjord is dressed in beautiful autumn colors – the best time of the year for hiking and cycling. The autumns shifts to the “Winter Fjord” with magical fjord light, alpine ski touring, snow shoe walks, ski resorts, cross country skiing, fjord kayaking, RIB-safari, fjord cruises, the Flåm railway and guided tours to the magical blue ice caves under the glacier. The spring breakes in with flowering and snow powdered mountain tops – maybe the best time of year to visit the Sognefjord. -
Norway 1932 the Cambridge University Mountaineering Club Meet in the Hurrungane
Looking Back ASHLEY GREE~OOD Norway 1932 The Cambridge University Mountaineering Club meet in the Hurrungane (Plates 66-70) hen my wife and I arrived at Turtagr0 in July 1970, I was delighted W to see that the original wooden fretwork building, where our CUMC party had stayed nearly 40 years earlier, was still standing, albeit as an annexe to a new hotel. It had been 98°F on an August day in 1932 when some of our party met at Kings Cross to catch the train to Newcastle - the hottest day on record in London at that time. At Newcastle we boarded the SS Venus for Bergen and the sea was calm enough for us to enjoy the ship's considerable culinary delights. After a night in Bergen we took the Bergen-Qslo express to Myrdal, and walked the 20km down to FlAm. From there we travelled by fjord steamer to Skjolden, at the head of the Sognefjord, and walked up to the mountain hotel of Turtagf0 at the north end of the Hurrungane range in the Jotunheimen. On both these walks our baggage was transported by Stolkjaerre (anglicised by us into 'Stockjerry') - a sort of glorified wheelbarrow pulled by a horse. The Turtagf0 Hotel is at about 900m, and the mountains run from about 1800m to 2400m. At that time the hotel was fairly basic as regards washing and sanitary facilities, but it was clean and the food was excellent. Norway was much cheaper than anywhere in the Alps. Unfortunately Turtagr0 is at the northern end of the range and a 2 V:z hour walk was required to reach the climbing area.