Competitiveness Against the Sustainable Development Goals
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José Sánchez-Gutiérrez Tania E. González-Alvarado (Coordinators) COMPETITIVENESS AGAINST THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS Universidad de Guadalajara First edition, 2019 Sánchez-Gutiérrez, José; González-Alvarado, Tania Elena (coordinators). Competitiveness against the Sustainable Development Goals. Mexico: Universidad de Guadalajara. This work is a product of the members of RIICO (Red Internacional de Investigadores en Competitividad) with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of Universidad de Guadalajara and RIICO. All the photos on this book were taken from Unsplash. Unsplash is a photo discovery platform for free to use, high-definition photos. Unsplash, Inc., a Canadian corporation) operates the Unsplash website at unsplash.com (the “Site”) and all related websites, software, mobile apps, and other services that they provide (together, the “Service”) with the goal of celebrating and enabling contributors and fostering creativity in their community. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Cover photo by Sharon Pittaway on Unsplash Cover design: González Alvarado Tania Elena © D.R. 2019, Universidad de Guadalajara Centro Universitario de Ciencias Económico Administrativas Av. Periférico Norte 799, Edificio G-306 Núcleo Los Belenes 45100 Zapopan, Jalisco, México © D.R. 2019, Fondo Editorial Universitario Carrer La Murta 9-18 07820 San Antonio de Portmany Ibiza, España ISBN: 978-84-17840-24-2 CONTENTS Prologue……………………………………………………………….. 5 Sánchez-Gutiérrez, José Climate Change and New Poverty Profiles for the Sustainable Competitiveness …………………………………………………….. 7 González-Alvarado, Tania-Elena and Kubus, Renata Tourism Destinations: Sustainable Competitiveness in Mexico…………………………………………………………………. 33 Coria-Páez, Ana-Lilia; Galicia-Haro, Emma-Frida and Ortega-Moreno, Irma-Cecilia Business Sustainable Development through Competency-based Teaching and Learning………………………………………………. 55 Hermosa-Guzmán, Dennyse-María; Hernández-Castorena, Octavio and Vargas-Ramírez, Adrián-David Sustainable Development and Culture Wayúu Artisan…………………………………………………………………. 85 Rojano-Alvarado, Yolmis-Nicolás; Contreras-Cuentas, Margarita-María and Bueno-Giraldo, Isidro Human Development and Agricultural Competitiveness in Michoacan, Mexico.…………………..………………………………. 109 Ortiz-Paniagua, Carlos-Francisco; Bonales-Valencia, Joel and Ortega-Gómez, Priscila Innovation Drivers for the Future Development of Societies……………………………………………………………….. 127 Galicia-Haro, Emma-Frida; Coria-Páez, Ana-Lilia and Ortega-Moreno, Irma-Cecilia Competitiveness against the Sustainable Development Goals Well-being Promotion in Competitiveness and Economic Terms…………………………………………………………………… 149 Pineda-Ortega, Pablo The Aeronautical and Aerospace Mexican Industry: SDGs and Competitiveness.………………………………………………………. 173 Meraz-Rodríguez, José-Antonio; Ayvar-Campos Francisco-Javier and Papadopoulos, Andrew The Perception and Cultural Practices by International Craft Companies……………………………………………………………… 201 Córdova-Estrada, Karla; González-Alvarado, Tania-Elena and Sánchez-Gutiérrez, José 4 Sánchez-Gutiérrez, J. González-Alvarado, T. Prologue Prologue ompetitiveness against the Sustainable Development Goals is an excellent book C for experts, governments, and entrepreneurs. In its pages, we can disco- ver different topics about two competitive factors. New poverty profiles and climate change are factors that modify strategist perception and the construction of competitive advantages. Experts explain the situation of the organization, institutions and regions according to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in nine chapters. SDGs are considered as the essential guidelines that facilitate the strategic consideration of climate change and the new poverty profiles to achieve greater competitiveness. Each part of this book was based on empirical and real evidence from enter- prises, universities, governments, and institutions. All of these studied organizations are part of the competitive environment. The writers believe in economic progress in line with the innovation, the resilience, the entrepreneurship, and the international cooperation between regions, countries, and corporations. The authors are from Canada, Colombia, Mexico, and Spain. All of them are experts in Economic and Business Sciences. The universities that participate in this project are: Université du Québec à Montréal, Universidad de la Amazonia, Universidad de la Guajira, Universidad del Norte, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Universi- dad de Guadalajara, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo and Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia. Sánchez-Gutiérrez, J. 5 Competitiveness against the Sustainable Development Goals This publication was created following the best practices of scientific edition. Turnitin was applied to favour the originality. The editorial team carefully analysed the quality and originality of the contents. Every chapter was selected, evaluated, and modified with the support of international peers. Editors and authors hope that this book contributes to the advancement of theoreti- cal and practical knowledge. Dr. José Sánchez-Gutiérrez 6 Sánchez-Gutiérrez, J.; González-Alvarado, T. Chapter 1 Climate Change and New Poverty Profiles for the Sustainable Competitiveness Photo by Jeremy Bishop on Unsplash Competitiveness against the Sustainable Development Goals 8 Sánchez-Gutiérrez, J.; González-Alvarado, T. Climate Change and New Poverty Profiles for the Sustainable Competitiveness Climate Change and New Poverty Profiles for the Sustainable Competitiveness Tania-Elena González-Alvarado Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico Renata Kubus Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Spain Introduction he aim of this book is to analyse the competitiveness versus the Sustainable Development Goals. This implies addressing new T poverty profiles and climate change. Poverty and climate change are factors that change the strategist perception and the construction of competitive advantages. Economic development can be achieved thanks to organizations, regardless if these are private or public. Government policies, the economic environment, and the entrepreneur actions must fit coherently to achieve the development synergy (ECLAC, 2013). A strategic vision that considers the new poverty profiles and climate change generates social value and increases the population welfare. This, in turn, contributes to the business or public programs’ suitability. Thus, expenses become an investment, the system becomes dynamic and the population enters a virtuous circle of work-income-welfare. González-Alvarado, T.; Kubus, R. 9 Competitiveness against the Sustainable Development Goals In this context, there is a need for strategists with the capacity to build new scenarios and the availability for constant checking of emerging strategies adapted to the new reality. The capacity for analysis and transformation in an ever-changing system is a decisive element in the 21st-century competitiveness. The strategist needs the learning capacity about his own reality. Only from a critical vision the competitiveness sustainability can be reached (EM, 2015). Sustainability implies more factors than environment caring. The environmental element is one of the many factors that involve sustainability pursuit. It is especially relevant for the competitiveness sustainability in a capitalist system. Given the unstable global economic scenario, it is considered fundamental to focus on strategic analysis and the construction of new scenarios of two elements: new poverty profiles and climate change, both in the public and private spheres. Sustainability in Competitiveness Terms: What Does It Include? Any strategy to be sustainable must be evaluated from three critical areas: economic, social and environmental (Calvente, 2007). In the world scenario, this imposes great challenges, because the information and communication technologies together with financial internationalization make the uncertainty even greater. International events affect local business activities and change costs, purchasing power, distribution channels, and even consumer preferences and expectations. Calvente (2007) points out the following characteristics: supportability, robustness, resilience, and adaptability. A strategy is supportable in the organization when it has developed the capacity to produce at a rate in which it does not exhaust the resources it uses and requires in order to function and does not produce more pollutants than its environment can absorb. (Berkes, Colding and Folke, (2001). A strategy is robust when it maintains global production conditions in volatile environments, implying major changes and transformations away 10 Sánchez-Gutiérrez, J.; González-Alvarado, T. Climate Change and New Poverty Profiles for the Sustainable Competitiveness from equilibrium. Such is the case of the biosphere. The biosphere is an unbalanced system, even if it can maintain global conditions on a regular basis, which gives the appearance of "balance of nature". It is the balance within the imbalance or order from the chaos. (Berkes, Colding and Folke 2001) A strategy is resilient when the organization achieves the ability to recover after a catastrophic situation, not necessarily returning to its previous state but yet performing its basic functions. It is to recover order from chaos. If a