SACFEM2013: Sacramento Valley Finite Element Groundwater Flow Model User’S Manual
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Appendix M SACFEM2013 Manual This page left blank intentionally. SACFEM2013 Sacramento Valley Finite Element Groundwater Flow Model User’s Manual Prepared for United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Prepared by February 2015 Google™ earth Image Landset SACFEM2013: Sacramento Valley Finite Element Groundwater Flow Model User’s Manual Prepared for United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Prepared by CH2M HILL and MBK Engineers, Inc. February 2015 Contents Sections Page Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................................. vii 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1-1 2 Sacramento Valley Groundwater Basin Conceptual Site Model Overview ................................... 2-1 2.1 Geologic Setting ..................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Hydrogeology ......................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 Regional Hydrology .............................................................................................................. 2-12 3 Groundwater Flow Model Construction ..................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Model Code Description ........................................................................................................ 3-1 3.1.1 Numerical Assumptions ............................................................................................ 3-1 3.1.2 Scientific Bases .......................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.3 Data Formats ............................................................................................................ 3-1 3.1.4 Limitations ................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2 Model Construction ............................................................................................................... 3-2 3.2.1 Model Domain .......................................................................................................... 3-2 3.2.2 Subsurface Hydraulic Parameters ............................................................................. 3-6 3.2.3 Model Time Discretization ...................................................................................... 3-14 3.2.4 Boundary Conditions .............................................................................................. 3-14 3.2.5 Agricultural Water Budget ...................................................................................... 3-49 3.3 Model Assumptions ............................................................................................................. 3-59 4 Groundwater Flow Model Calibration ........................................................................................ 4-1 4.1 Calibration Process ................................................................................................................ 4-1 4.1.1 Selection of Calibration Targets ................................................................................ 4-1 4.1.2 Calibration Parameters ............................................................................................. 4-2 4.1.3 Iterative Manual Calibration Procedure ................................................................... 4-2 4.2 Calibration Results ................................................................................................................. 4-2 4.2.1 Groundwater Elevations ........................................................................................... 4-2 4.2.2 Stream Gain/Loss ...................................................................................................... 4-5 4.2.3 Calibrated Hydraulic Parameters .............................................................................. 4-9 4.2.4 Groundwater Balance ............................................................................................... 4-9 4.3 Potential Sources of Error .................................................................................................... 4-10 4.3.1 Transient Effects ..................................................................................................... 4-10 4.3.2 Human Errors .......................................................................................................... 4-10 4.3.3 Scaling Effects ......................................................................................................... 4-10 4.3.4 Interpolation Effects ............................................................................................... 4-20 4.3.5 Numerical Errors ..................................................................................................... 4-20 4.4 Calibration Outcome ............................................................................................................ 4-20 5 SACFEM Application .................................................................................................................. 5-1 5.1 SACFEM2013 Project File ....................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1.1 SACFEM2013 Base-model (“Param” tab) ................................................................. 5-3 5.1.2 SACFEM2013 Thickness File (“Thick” Tab) ................................................................ 5-4 5.1.3 SACFEM2013 Storativity File (Stor Tab) .................................................................... 5-4 5.1.4 SACFEM2013 Top Systems (“Top” Tab) .................................................................... 5-5 5.1.5 SACFEM2013 Extra Register (“Xtra” Tab) ................................................................. 5-5 ES100814162520RDD III CONTENTS, CONTINUED Section Page 5.1.6 Other MicroFEM Files ................................................................................................ 5-5 5.2 Preparation of Input Data-Sets............................................................................................... 5-7 5.2.1 SACFEM2013 Input File Generation – The “Input” Worksheet ................................. 5-7 5.2.2 SACFEM2013 Batch File Generation – The “FEB” Worksheet ................................. 5-10 5.3 Running SACFEM2013 – The MicroFEM Batch File .............................................................. 5-16 5.3.1 Non-Looping Batch File ........................................................................................... 5-18 5.3.2 Looping Batch File ................................................................................................... 5-19 5.4 The MicroFEM LOG File ........................................................................................................ 5-21 5.5 Model Post-processing ......................................................................................................... 5-22 5.5.1 Run #Log Reader...................................................................................................... 5-22 5.5.2 Hydrograph and Summary Statistics Utility ............................................................ 5-24 5.5.3 Transient Water Budget Files .................................................................................. 5-28 6 References ................................................................................................................................ 6-1 Appendixes A Historical Surface Water Diversion Data and IDC Applied Water Demand Comparisons B Summary of Quantitative Calibration Targets C Simulated and Measured Groundwater Hydrographs D SACFEM2013.feb File Tables 1 Major Lithologic Units of the Sacramento Valley ................................................................................ 2-5 2 Assumed Streambed Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity ....................................................................... 3-25 3 Wetted Stream Width Values ............................................................................................................ 3-26 4 Gage Locations Used to Estimate Sacramento and Feather River Stage .......................................... 3-31 5 Monthly Distribution of Total Annual Mountain Front Recharge ..................................................... 3-36 6 Mountain Front Recharge Adjustment Factors ................................................................................. 3-43 7 Urban Pumping .................................................................................................................................. 3-44 8 Monthly Distribution of Annual Urban Pumping .............................................................................. 3-49 9 Land Use Data Source and Year by County ....................................................................................... 3-50 10 Precipitation Stations and Associated Water Budget Areas ............................................................. 3-56 Figures 1 Location Map ....................................................................................................................................... 2-3 2 Generalized Geologic Section of the Sacramento Valley .................................................................... 2-7