A New Species of Fusinus from Korea (Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae)
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VENUS 68 (1–2): 1–8, 2009 ©Malacological Society of Japan A New Species of Fusinus from Korea (Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae) Paul Callomon1*, Martin Avery Snyder1 and Ronald G. Noseworthy2 1Department of Malacology, Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Parkway, Philadelphia PA 19103, USA 2Shellfish Aquaculture and Research Laboratory, School of Applied Marine Science, College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, Republic of Korea Abstract: Fusinus juliabrownae n. sp. is described from the southern and eastern coasts of Korea. Though cited and figured widely in the Korean literature, it has not hitherto been recognized as a separate species. It is compared with F. ferrugineus (Kuroda & Habe, 1960), F. perplexus (A. Adams, 1864), F. nigrirostratus (E. A. Smith, 1879) and F. tuberosus (Reeve, 1847). The new species represents a northward range extension for the genus on the continental coast of the Japan Sea. Keywords: Fasciolariidae, Fusinus juliabrownae, new species, Korea, Japan Sea Introduction A batch of Fusinus specimens was collected in early 2007 from gill nets laid in 50 to 100 meters of water off Geumjin Port on the northeastern Japan Sea coast of the Republic of Korea, and two were sent to the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia for identification. These were initially assumed to be small, strongly colored examples of Fusinus perplexus (A. Adams, 1864), which is known from the southernmost part of the Korean peninsula and much of western Japan (Callomon & Snyder, 2004). Detailed examination of the entire sample revealed them to belong to a new species, however, which is here described and named as Fusinus juliabrownae n. sp. A review of figures in the Korean literature reveals this species to be quite broadly distributed on the southern and eastern coasts of the peninsula, but it has been consistently misidentified using various existing names. Abbreviations: ANSP – Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA; BMNH – The Natural History Museum, London, UK; MNHN – Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; NSMT – National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan; SL – Shell length; WL – W. G. Lyons collection, Florida, USA; WR – Will Ritter collection, Astoria, Oregon, USA. Terminology follows Callomon & Snyder (2004). Systematics Family Fasciolariidae Gray, 1853 Genus Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815 Fusinus juliabrownae n. sp. (Figs. 1–8) Fusinus forceps (Perry) – Kwon et al., 1993: 307, fig. 40-2. Non Murex forceps Perry, 1811. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 P. Callomon et al. Fusinus perplexus ferrugineus (Kuroda et Habe) – Kwon et al., 1993: 307, fig. 40-4. Non Fusus ferrugineus Kuroda & Habe, 1960. Fusinus tuberosus (Reeve, 1847) – Choe, 1992: fig. 198; Min, 2001: 145, fig. 487. Non Fusus tuberosus Reeve, 1847. Fusinus sp. 1 – Min, 2004: 512, figs. 37-1, 37-2. Fusinus perplexus – Son & Chong, 2005: 67, unnumbered figure. Non Fusus perplexus A. Adams, 1864. Type material (all from type locality, collected in February 2007): Holotype, 70.6 mm SL, ANSP 419161 (Fig. 1). Paratypes; (1) 62.0 mm SL (Fig. 2), (2) 46.5 mm SL (Fig. 3), (3) 62.6 mm SL (Fig. 4), (4) 75.2 mm SL (Fig. 5), (5) 41.1 mm SL (Juvenile), (6) 84.3 mm SL (Fig. 6), ANSP 419162; (7) 66.6 mm SL, MNHN; (8) 69.0 mm SL, WR; (9) 61.6 mm SL, NSMT-Mo 76909; (10) 60.2 mm SL, BMNH. Other material examined (all from type locality): 68.5 mm SL, 69.1 mm SL, 68.3 mm SL, 62.9 mm SL, 61.8 mm SL, 55.2 mm SL, 49.2 mm SL, 47.6 mm SL, 48.4 mm SL, 42.0 mm SL, 50.0 mm SL, 38.5 mm SL, 38.0 mm SL, 32.9 mm SL, ANSP 419163; 63.0 mm SL, WL. Type locality: Japan Sea off Geumjin Fishing Port, Kennan-ri, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea. 37°39´3.08˝N, 129°3´2.22˝E. 50–100 m, in fishing nets. Etymology: Named for Ms. Julia Elizabeth Brown, graduate student in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, in recognition of her parents’ support of The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Description: Shell fairly small for genus (to 84.3 mm SL, average adult 63.4 mm SL, n=18), thin, light; inflated fusiform with short, broad neck. Protoconch of approximately 1.8 to 2.5 whorls; may be tightly (Fig. 3c) or loosely (Fig. 4c) coiled; surface smooth, no varix or protoconch sculpture observed. Teleoconch of eight rounded or slightly angular inflated whorls. Early whorls bear five pairs of major spiral cords, each pair with raised interstice, the whole forming bounded platform in cross section; bounding cords slightly raised, finely incised at intersections of axial decussations; pair nearest adapical suture reduced somewhat compared to other four. In some specimens (e.g. Fig. 5), third cord added to pairs. One or more slender minor cords in spaces between major cord pairs on early whorls, becoming more numerous and prominent in later whorls. By penultimate and body whorl, minor cords grow almost equivalent in prominence to pairs, which simultaneously decline somewhat in expression; pairs barely distinguishable beyond end of penultimate whorl. 21 spiral cords (including three vestigial pairs) on penultimate whorl immediately above terminus of suture; approximately 50 cords in all on body whorl. Cords on neck reduced, becoming more broadly spaced towards tip and more steeply angled relative to axis. Suture adpressed, with narrow but distinctly bounded subsutural band on early whorls, gradually disappearing by penultimate and body whorls. Axial sculpture of numerous closely-set rounded ribs that span sutures on early whorls; ribs becoming reduced by fifth or sixth whorls at latest, though earlier in many examples, persisting thereafter as two rows of carinate knobs; knobs often reduced to undulations or absent altogether on body whorl. Spiral cords neither enhanced nor reduced in crossing axial ribs. Secondary axial sculpture of closely-set decussations that incise spiral cords, giving latter somewhat serrate appearance. Random growth pauses present on later part of body whorl in some specimens. Aperture leaf-shaped, labral side distinctly more convex than parietal (columellar) side; labral margin corrugate, only slightly thickened, with no dentition. Interior white, bluish-gray or purple, glossy; labral wall mildly corrugate, with troughs corresponding to external spiral cords, but with no spiral lirae. Parietal margin of aperture developed and slightly detached in proximal half in some large adult specimens (e.g. Fig. 6). Canal broad, open, with developed and detached parietal margin over most of length in adult specimens; labral margin thin, sharp; canal usually almost straight but can be slightly recurved. A New Species of Fusinus from Korea 3 Figs. 1–5. Fusinus juliabrownae n. sp. 1. Holotype, 70.6 mm SL. 2. Paratype 1, 62.0 mm SL. 3. Paratype 2, 46.5 mm SL. 4. Paratype 3, 62.6 mm SL. 5. Paratype 4, 75.2 mm SL. 4 P. Callomon et al. Shell pale off-white with medium to dark brown patterning; color present at least in interstices of axial ribs and at growth pauses in all specimens, but usually more widespread, with some examples almost entirely stained dark brown. Periostracum (Fig. 8) thick, straw-colored when dry, of axial lamellar construction, with very dense tufts. Tufts tall, slender, erect or slightly prosocline, arranged in spiral rows corresponding to major cords, and aligned with axial sculpture. Axial lamellar margins form prominent bridges between tuft roots. Operculum typical for genus; brown, chitinous, leaf-shaped with nucleus at proximal terminus. Animal unknown. Variation: The present material shows variation in the whorl profile, which can be somewhat angular (e.g. Figs. 1, 4) or smoothly rounded (e.g. Figs. 5, 6). The major spiral cords on the early whorls are usually composed of pairs, but there can be a third cord in between. Axial sculpture varies in prominence on later whorls, remaining strong (Fig. 4) or becoming almost absent (Fig. 5). The number and profile of axial ribs on early whorls is consistent in all forms, however. The neck may be straight and smoothly tapering (Figs. 1–6) or recurved in distal portion with distinct fasciole (Fig. 6). Coloration varies widely, from pale and sparsely distributed staining (Fig. 5) to heavy and almost solid color (Fig. 3). The interior of the aperture can be pale purple in color (Son & Chong, 2003: p. 67), though this has only been seen so far in small juvenile specimens. Remarks: The present new species shows three main distinctive characters: 1) the clear pairing of the spiral cords on the early whorls, 2) the maintenance of a constant breadth by the spiral cords in crossing the axial ribs, neither declining in strength nor forming carinae at the rib summits as in many other species, 3) the short, broad neck. Fusinus juliabrownae belongs to a group of species loosely centered around F. perplexus (A. Adams, 1864). It is closest morphologically to F. ferrugineus (Kuroda & Habe, 1960) (Figs. 9, 10; see also Callomon & Snyder, 2004: figs. 18, 19, 22). It can be differentiated, however, by its less pyriform shape, shorter and more obliquely tapering neck with more broadly open canal, distinctive paired spiral cords, and the absence of the row of small, sharp peripheral carinae that is often present on the body whorl of F. ferrugineus. It also strongly resembles certain small, colored specimens of F. perplexus, from which it can be distinguished by its paired spiral cords, denser early axial ribs and shorter, broader neck (Figs. 11, 12; see also Callomon & Snyder, 2004: figs. 20, 21 and Callomon & Snyder, 2008: figs. 1–9). From F. nigrirostratus (E. A. Smith, 1879) it can be distinguished by its smoothly rounded whorl profile, its prominent spiral cords, the numerous rounded axial ribs on the early whorls, the absence of shoulder knobs and the presence of a tufted periostracum (Callomon & Snyder, 2007: figs.