VENUS 68 (1–2): 1–8, 2009 ©Malacological Society of Japan

A New Species of Fusinus from Korea (Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae)

Paul Callomon1*, Martin Avery Snyder1 and Ronald G. Noseworthy2 1Department of Malacology, Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Parkway, Philadelphia PA 19103, USA 2Shellfish Aquaculture and Research Laboratory, School of Applied Marine Science, College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, Republic of Korea

Abstract: Fusinus juliabrownae n. sp. is described from the southern and eastern coasts of Korea. Though cited and figured widely in the Korean literature, it has not hitherto been recognized as a separate species. It is compared with F. ferrugineus (Kuroda & Habe, 1960), F. perplexus (A. Adams, 1864), F. nigrirostratus (E. A. Smith, 1879) and F. tuberosus (Reeve, 1847). The new species represents a northward range extension for the genus on the continental coast of the Japan Sea.

Keywords: Fasciolariidae, Fusinus juliabrownae, new species, Korea, Japan Sea

Introduction

A batch of Fusinus specimens was collected in early 2007 from gill nets laid in 50 to 100 meters of water off Geumjin Port on the northeastern Japan Sea coast of the Republic of Korea, and two were sent to the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia for identification. These were initially assumed to be small, strongly colored examples of Fusinus perplexus (A. Adams, 1864), which is known from the southernmost part of the Korean peninsula and much of western Japan (Callomon & Snyder, 2004). Detailed examination of the entire sample revealed them to belong to a new species, however, which is here described and named as Fusinus juliabrownae n. sp. A review of figures in the Korean literature reveals this species to be quite broadly distributed on the southern and eastern coasts of the peninsula, but it has been consistently misidentified using various existing names.

Abbreviations: ANSP – Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA; BMNH – The Natural History Museum, London, UK; MNHN – Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; NSMT – National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan; SL – Shell length; WL – W. G. Lyons collection, Florida, USA; WR – Will Ritter collection, Astoria, Oregon, USA. Terminology follows Callomon & Snyder (2004).

Systematics

Family Fasciolariidae Gray, 1853 Genus Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815

Fusinus juliabrownae n. sp. (Figs. 1–8)

Fusinus forceps (Perry) – Kwon et al., 1993: 307, fig. 40-2. Non Murex forceps Perry, 1811.

* Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 P. Callomon et al.

Fusinus perplexus ferrugineus (Kuroda et Habe) – Kwon et al., 1993: 307, fig. 40-4. Non Fusus ferrugineus Kuroda & Habe, 1960. Fusinus tuberosus (Reeve, 1847) – Choe, 1992: fig. 198; Min, 2001: 145, fig. 487. Non Fusus tuberosus Reeve, 1847. Fusinus sp. 1 – Min, 2004: 512, figs. 37-1, 37-2. Fusinus perplexus – Son & Chong, 2005: 67, unnumbered figure. Non Fusus perplexus A. Adams, 1864.

Type material (all from type locality, collected in February 2007): Holotype, 70.6 mm SL, ANSP 419161 (Fig. 1). Paratypes; (1) 62.0 mm SL (Fig. 2), (2) 46.5 mm SL (Fig. 3), (3) 62.6 mm SL (Fig. 4), (4) 75.2 mm SL (Fig. 5), (5) 41.1 mm SL (Juvenile), (6) 84.3 mm SL (Fig. 6), ANSP 419162; (7) 66.6 mm SL, MNHN; (8) 69.0 mm SL, WR; (9) 61.6 mm SL, NSMT-Mo 76909; (10) 60.2 mm SL, BMNH. Other material examined (all from type locality): 68.5 mm SL, 69.1 mm SL, 68.3 mm SL, 62.9 mm SL, 61.8 mm SL, 55.2 mm SL, 49.2 mm SL, 47.6 mm SL, 48.4 mm SL, 42.0 mm SL, 50.0 mm SL, 38.5 mm SL, 38.0 mm SL, 32.9 mm SL, ANSP 419163; 63.0 mm SL, WL. Type locality: Japan Sea off Geumjin Fishing Port, Kennan-ri, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea. 37°39´3.08˝N, 129°3´2.22˝E. 50–100 m, in fishing nets. Etymology: Named for Ms. Julia Elizabeth Brown, graduate student in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, in recognition of her parents’ support of The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Description: Shell fairly small for genus (to 84.3 mm SL, average adult 63.4 mm SL, n=18), thin, light; inflated fusiform with short, broad neck. Protoconch of approximately 1.8 to 2.5 whorls; may be tightly (Fig. 3c) or loosely (Fig. 4c) coiled; surface smooth, no varix or protoconch sculpture observed. Teleoconch of eight rounded or slightly angular inflated whorls. Early whorls bear five pairs of major spiral cords, each pair with raised interstice, the whole forming bounded platform in cross section; bounding cords slightly raised, finely incised at intersections of axial decussations; pair nearest adapical suture reduced somewhat compared to other four. In some specimens (e.g. Fig. 5), third cord added to pairs. One or more slender minor cords in spaces between major cord pairs on early whorls, becoming more numerous and prominent in later whorls. By penultimate and body whorl, minor cords grow almost equivalent in prominence to pairs, which simultaneously decline somewhat in expression; pairs barely distinguishable beyond end of penultimate whorl. 21 spiral cords (including three vestigial pairs) on penultimate whorl immediately above terminus of suture; approximately 50 cords in all on body whorl. Cords on neck reduced, becoming more broadly spaced towards tip and more steeply angled relative to axis. Suture adpressed, with narrow but distinctly bounded subsutural band on early whorls, gradually disappearing by penultimate and body whorls. Axial sculpture of numerous closely-set rounded ribs that span sutures on early whorls; ribs becoming reduced by fifth or sixth whorls at latest, though earlier in many examples, persisting thereafter as two rows of carinate knobs; knobs often reduced to undulations or absent altogether on body whorl. Spiral cords neither enhanced nor reduced in crossing axial ribs. Secondary axial sculpture of closely-set decussations that incise spiral cords, giving latter somewhat serrate appearance. Random growth pauses present on later part of body whorl in some specimens. Aperture leaf-shaped, labral side distinctly more convex than parietal (columellar) side; labral margin corrugate, only slightly thickened, with no dentition. Interior white, bluish-gray or purple, glossy; labral wall mildly corrugate, with troughs corresponding to external spiral cords, but with no spiral lirae. Parietal margin of aperture developed and slightly detached in proximal half in some large adult specimens (e.g. Fig. 6). Canal broad, open, with developed and detached parietal margin over most of length in adult specimens; labral margin thin, sharp; canal usually almost straight but can be slightly recurved. A New Species of Fusinus from Korea 3

Figs. 1–5. Fusinus juliabrownae n. sp. 1. Holotype, 70.6 mm SL. 2. Paratype 1, 62.0 mm SL. 3. Paratype 2, 46.5 mm SL. 4. Paratype 3, 62.6 mm SL. 5. Paratype 4, 75.2 mm SL. 4 P. Callomon et al.

Shell pale off-white with medium to dark brown patterning; color present at least in interstices of axial ribs and at growth pauses in all specimens, but usually more widespread, with some examples almost entirely stained dark brown. Periostracum (Fig. 8) thick, straw-colored when dry, of axial lamellar construction, with very dense tufts. Tufts tall, slender, erect or slightly prosocline, arranged in spiral rows corresponding to major cords, and aligned with axial sculpture. Axial lamellar margins form prominent bridges between tuft roots. Operculum typical for genus; brown, chitinous, leaf-shaped with nucleus at proximal terminus. Animal unknown. Variation: The present material shows variation in the whorl profile, which can be somewhat angular (e.g. Figs. 1, 4) or smoothly rounded (e.g. Figs. 5, 6). The major spiral cords on the early whorls are usually composed of pairs, but there can be a third cord in between. Axial sculpture varies in prominence on later whorls, remaining strong (Fig. 4) or becoming almost absent (Fig. 5). The number and profile of axial ribs on early whorls is consistent in all forms, however. The neck may be straight and smoothly tapering (Figs. 1–6) or recurved in distal portion with distinct fasciole (Fig. 6). Coloration varies widely, from pale and sparsely distributed staining (Fig. 5) to heavy and almost solid color (Fig. 3). The interior of the aperture can be pale purple in color (Son & Chong, 2003: p. 67), though this has only been seen so far in small juvenile specimens. Remarks: The present new species shows three main distinctive characters: 1) the clear pairing of the spiral cords on the early whorls, 2) the maintenance of a constant breadth by the spiral cords in crossing the axial ribs, neither declining in strength nor forming carinae at the rib summits as in many other species, 3) the short, broad neck. Fusinus juliabrownae belongs to a group of species loosely centered around F. perplexus (A. Adams, 1864). It is closest morphologically to F. ferrugineus (Kuroda & Habe, 1960) (Figs. 9, 10; see also Callomon & Snyder, 2004: figs. 18, 19, 22). It can be differentiated, however, by its less pyriform shape, shorter and more obliquely tapering neck with more broadly open canal, distinctive paired spiral cords, and the absence of the row of small, sharp peripheral carinae that is often present on the body whorl of F. ferrugineus. It also strongly resembles certain small, colored specimens of F. perplexus, from which it can be distinguished by its paired spiral cords, denser early axial ribs and shorter, broader neck (Figs. 11, 12; see also Callomon & Snyder, 2004: figs. 20, 21 and Callomon & Snyder, 2008: figs. 1–9). From F. nigrirostratus (E. A. Smith, 1879) it can be distinguished by its smoothly rounded whorl profile, its prominent spiral cords, the numerous rounded axial ribs on the early whorls, the absence of shoulder knobs and the presence of a tufted periostracum (Callomon & Snyder, 2007: figs. 46–52). It differs from F. tuberosus (Reeve, 1847) in its thinner, lighter shell, longer and more clearly defined neck, rounded whorl profile, prominent spiral cords and tufted periostracum (Callomon & Snyder, 2007: figs. 41–45). The new species is well illustrated in recent Korean literature. Choe (1992) figured it first, as F. tuberosus. His synonymy for that species included both F. nigrirostratus and F. solidulus A. Adams, 1864. The latter was clearly noted to be a secondary citation from Kuroda et al., 1971, however, and Callomon & Snyder (2009) regard this name as a nomen dubium. Choe did not mention the allied F. sagamiensis Kuroda & Habe, 1971 (= F. nigrirostratus; see Callomon & Snyder, 2007: 35). Kwon et al. (1993: 87) figured two specimens of F. juliabrownae, one as F. ferrugineus (fig. 40-4) and the other as F. forceps (fig. 40-2). The latter was cited in the text as being 20 cm in shell length, which seems rather large given the number of whorls. Min (2001: 144, figs. 487-1, 487-2) identified this species as F. tuberosus, but subsequently treated it as unnamed (2004: 512, figs. 37-1, 37-2). Son and Chong (2005: p. 67, unnumbered fig.) figured a small specimen of F. juliabrownae with a pale purple interior as F. perplexus. Choe et al. (1995: pl. 4, fig. 8) listed and figured a specimen as Fusinus salisburyi that apparently A New Species of Fusinus from Korea 5

Figs. 6–8. Fusinus juliabrownae n. sp. 6. Paratype 6, 84.3 mm SL. 7. Paratype 7, 66.6 mm SL. 8. Periostracum of paratype 5. Figs. 9–10. Fusinus ferrugineus. 9. 74.3 mm SL, Japan Sea off Hamasaka, Hyogo Prefecture, Honshu, Japan. ANSP 415529. 10. 80.2 mm SL, Japan Sea off Takahama, Fukui Prefecture, Honshu, Japan. ANSP 415192. Figs. 11–12. Fusinus perplexus. 11. 83.9 mm SL, Okezoko Bank off southwestern Shikoku, Japan. ANSP 412187. 12. 64.0 mm SL, Japan Sea off Oga Peninsula, northeastern Honshu, Japan. ANSP 241099. 6 P. Callomon et al. represents F. juliabrownae, but examination of the specimen would be necessary to confirm this. Distribution (Fig. 13): Choe (1992) gave the distribution of “Fusinus tuberosus” as Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do provinces, on the Japan sea coasts of eastern and southeastern Korea. Without seeing all the material he examined, however, it is not possible to say whether all the records are of F. juliabrownae or whether some represent genuine F. tuberosus. Kwon et al. (1993) gave “Korea and Japan” as the distribution of their “F. forceps” and “South coast of Korea, Japan” for their “F. perplexus ferrugineus”, both of which referred to figures of F. juliabrownae. The present species was figured by Min (2001: fig. 487) as F. tuberosus, and the locality was given as Geoje-do (Koje Island) in Gyeongnam Province. Son and Chong (2005) cited a total of ten specimens from three localities in an area centered around Busan: Busan (Dongbekseom), Gyeongnam (Memul Island) and Gyeongbuk (Yangpo). All these records suggest a fairly broad distribution. The genus Fusinus is widely present in southern Korea, including Jeju Island, but records from the northeastern coast are scarce. The present type locality is slightly north of the northernmost record yet published for the genus: Samcheok-shi in Gangwon Province by Min (2004) for F. nodosoplicatus (fig. 691, as F. spectrum) and F. ferrugineus (fig. 687). Yoo (1976) illustrated F. perplexus, with a range from Kogumdo Island in the southeast via Geoje (Koje) Island to Ulsan on the Japan Sea coast, and F. nodosoplicatus (Dunker, 1867) from Samchon’po in the southern islands (as “F. forceps”). Min (2004) figured seven specimens with localities ranging from the southwesternmost province of Jeollanam-do to the above-mentioned locality in Gangwon Province. Further field collecting on the northeastern coast and into North Korea would be of great help in assessing the influence of warm surface currents in the dispersal of this group.

Fig. 13. Six known localities of F. juliabrownae. From east to west (circles): Kuryongpo (Choe, 1992; Choe et al., 1999), Yangpo, Busan, (Son & Chong, 2005), Kojedo (Min, 2001) and Samcheonpo (Choe et al., 1999); (star) type locality. A New Species of Fusinus from Korea 7

Residues in the periostracum of some specimens suggest a silicaceous or quartz sand bottom at the type locality. Both F. perplexus and F. ferrugineus are known from mixed sand and mud bottoms in the Japan Sea, and the latter is known to be commensal with sponges (Okutani & Tsuchiya, 2000: 510, 511; present author [PC] pers. obs.) The present specimens bear some tube worms and encrusting algae, but no trace of sponges. Callomon & Snyder (2007: 19) proposed that the high apparent species diversity among Fusinus in Japan and adjacent areas may stem from repeated interruptions and resumptions in larval flow caused by fluctuations in the warm northward-flowing Kuroshio current. Judging by its shell characters, the present new species might represent a further “spur” population, possibly derived from the same original source as F. perplexus and F. ferrugineus. Its rounded early axial sculpture and heavily tufted periostracum suggest affiliation with this group rather than the F. tuberosus/nigrirostratus complex.

Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to Bill Lyons of Florida, USA for first bringing this species to our attention and to Will Ritter (Oregon, USA) and Charles Wilder (Seoul, Korea) for generously donating the types and other material examined. Dr. K. Hasegawa (NSMT) improved the distribution map (Fig. 13).

References

Callomon, P. & Snyder, M. A. 2004. On some Fusinus (Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae) from Japan, with type selections. Venus 63: 13–27. Callomon, P. & Snyder, M. A. 2007. On the genus Fusinus in Japan III: nine further species, with type selections. Venus 66: 19–47. Callomon, P. & Snyder, M. A. 2009. On the genus Fusinus in Japan V: further species, an unnamed form and discussion. Venus 67: 159–172. Choe, B. L. 1992. Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fauna and Flora of Korea. Vol. 33. Mollusca II. 860 pp., 136 pls. Ministry of Education, Seoul. Choe, B. L., Je, J-G. & Jeong, H. S. 1995. Classification of Superfamilies Buccinoidea, Volutoidea and Cancellarioidea (Gastropoda: Mollusca) from Korean Sea Waters. Korean Journal of Malacology 11: 93–122. Kuroda, T., Habe, T. & Oyama, K. 1971. The Sea Shells of Sagami Bay. xix + 741 + pls. 1–121 + 489 + 51 pp., map. Maruzen, Tokyo. Kwon, O. K., Park, G. M. & Lee, J. S. 1993. Colored Shells of Korea. 445 pp. Academy Publishing Co., Seoul. Min, D-K. 2001. Korean Mollusks with Color Illustration. 333 pp. Shell House, Seoul. Min, D-K. 2004. Mollusks in Korea (revised supplementary edition). 568 pp. Min Molluscan Research Institute, Seoul. Okutani, T. & Tsuchiya, K. 2000. Fasciolariidae. In: Okutani, T. (ed.), Marine Mollusks in Japan, pp 504– 517. Tokai University Press, Tokyo. Son, M-H. & Chong, S-Y. 2005. Mollusks in Busan. 171 pp. Pukyong National University Press, Busan. Yoo, J-S. 1976. Korean Shells in Colour. 196 pp., plates. Il Ji Sa Publishing, Seoul.

(Received October 15, 2008 / Accepted June 13, 2009) 8 P. Callomon et al.

韓国産ナガニシ属の一新種（腹足綱：イトマキボラ科）

P. Callomon・M. A. Snyder・R. G. Noseworthy

要 旨

2007年 2月に，韓国日本海側グムジン港の沖合い 50～100 mに仕掛けられた刺し網によってまとまっ て採集されたナガニシ属の 1種を分類学的に詳しく検討した結果，既知の種類とは種レベルで区別され ることが明らかとなったので新種として記載した。

Fusinus juliabrownae n. sp. コゲチャナガニシ（新種・新称） 殻はこの属としてはやや小型（成貝の平均殻長 63.4 mm，最大殻長 84.3 mm），薄質で軽い。膨らみの 強い紡錘形で水管が短い。螺塔上部の螺層には 5対の明瞭な螺肋がある。各螺肋は 2本の肋とその間隙 部分からなり，また螺肋間には 1～数本の間肋を有する。間肋は殻口に向かって徐々に強く，また数が 多くなり，次体層や体層では螺肋とほぼ同じ強さになる。螺肋は次体層で 21本，体層で 50本。縦肋は 丸みがあり，密にならぶ。殻口は木の葉形で，外唇側がより強く膨らみ，外唇は僅かに肥厚する。内唇 縁は発達して，個体によっては体層から遊離する。殻は灰白色で，縦肋間が暗褐色となるのが一般的で あるが，全体的に暗褐色となる個体もある。 ホロタイプ：殻長 70.6 m ANSP 419161。 タイプ産地：韓国江原道グムジン港沖日本海， 37°39´3.08˝N，129°3´2.22˝E，水深 50～100 m。 備考：本種はナガニシ Fusinus perplexus（ A. Adams, 1864）の種群に属し，既知の種類の中ではコナガ ニシ F. ferrugineus（ Kuroda & Habe, 1960）に最も近似するが，より洋ナシ型に近い殻形や，より短く溝が 広く開いた水管をもつこと，各螺肋が 2本の肋からなること，および体層周縁に鋭い角を欠くことで区 別される。またナガニシの暗色個体にも著しく近似するが，螺肋の形態，より密に並ぶ縦肋，およびは るかに太く短い水管によって区別される。 本種は最近の韓国の文献では Fusinus perplexus ferrugineus, Fusinus perplexus, Fusinus tuberosus としてし ばしば図示されていた。これらの情報に基づくと，本種は少なくとも韓国の南東部には広く分布してい るものと見られる。