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Henri Thesis UNIVERSITEIT GENT FACULTEIT ECONOMIE EN BEDRIJFSKUNDE ACADEMIEJAAR 2009 – 2010 FINANCIERINGSSTRUCTUREN VAN DE LOWCOST MAATSCHAPPIJEN EN HET VERBAND MET FAILLISSEMENTEN Masterproef voorgedragen tot het bekomen van de graad van Master in de Toegepaste Economische Wetenschappen Henri Van Lantschoot onder leiding van Prof. Eddy Van de Voorde UNIVERSITEIT GENT FACULTEIT ECONOMIE EN BEDRIJFSKUNDE ACADEMIEJAAR 2009 – 2010 FINANCIERINGSSTRUCTUREN VAN DE LOWCOST MAATSCHAPPIJEN EN HET VERBAND MET FAILLISSEMENTEN Masterproef voorgedragen tot het bekomen van de graad van Master in de Toegepaste Economische Wetenschappen Henri Van Lantschoot onder leiding van Prof. Eddy Van de Voorde Vertrouwelijkheidsclausule PERMISSION Ondergetekende verklaart dat de inhoud van deze masterproef mag geraadpleegd en/of gereproduceerd worden, mits bronvermelding. Henri Van Lantschoot Woord vooraf Graag had ik een woord van dank gericht in de eerste plaats aan Prof. Van de Voorde, voor zijn hulp en raadgevingen bij het schrijven van deze masterproef. Verder wou ik de mensen van het ATI (Air Transport Intelligence), en in het bijzonder, Louise Rawson bedanken om mij toegang te verlenen tot hun database voor een beperkte periode. Voor de statistische ondersteuning kon ik rekenen op de goede cursus en wat extra tips van Prof. Van Kenhove en Prof. Van Acker. Als laatste had ik graag mijn familie oprecht bedankt voor alle hulp bij mijn werk. In het bijzonder mijn mama en nonkel Daniel die veel van hun vrije tijd hebben opgeofferd om talrijke spellingscontroles te doen, maar ook om mij altijd te motiveren en te stimuleren om het beste uit mezelf te halen. Uiteraard hebben mijn papa, broer, zus en nog vele anderen hun steentje bijgedragen en daar ben ik hen ook dankbaar voor. I Inhoudsopgave VERTROUWELIJKHEIDSCLAUSULE WOORD VOORAF ........................................................................................................................................................I INHOUDSOPGAVE ...................................................................................................................................................... II GEBRUIKTE AFKORTINGEN ......................................................................................................................................IV FIGUREN ..................................................................................................................................................................VI TABELLEN ..............................................................................................................................................................VII BIJLAGENLIJST ..................................................................................................................................................... VIII PROBLEEMSTELLING .................................................................................................................................................1 1 probleemstelling .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 De uitdagingen .....................................................................................................................................................1 1.2 Onderzoeksvragen................................................................................................................................................1 1.3 Structuur...............................................................................................................................................................2 LITERATUURSTUDIE ..................................................................................................................................................4 2 Het begrip low-cost airline (LCC)...............................................................................................................4 2.1 Concept en eigenschappen ...................................................................................................................................4 2.1.1 Point-to-point korte afstandsvluchten en intra-continentale vluchten..............................................................5 2.1.2 Gebruik van secundaire luchthavens ...............................................................................................................6 2.1.3 Hoge zeteldichtheid.........................................................................................................................................7 2.1.4 Minimale dienstverlening................................................................................................................................7 2.1.5 Beperking van gebruikte vliegtuigtypes ..........................................................................................................7 2.1.6 Lage ticketprijzen ............................................................................................................................................8 2.1.7 Internetverkoop van tickets .............................................................................................................................8 2.1.8 Productiviteitsgraad personeel.........................................................................................................................9 2.1.9 Maximale vliegfrequentie................................................................................................................................9 2.1.10 Agressieve marketing .................................................................................................................................9 2.1.11 Tussentijdse conclusie ..............................................................................................................................10 2.2 Typologie: vijf varianten....................................................................................................................................11 2.3 Klantensegmentatie van LCC’s, FSC’s en chater-maatschappijen.....................................................................13 3 De structuur van de Europese LCC markt................................................................................................. 16 3.1 De deregulering van de Europese luchtvaartmarkt.............................................................................................16 3.2 De Europese low-cost markt anno 2006 (vóór de financiële crisis) ...................................................................20 3.2.1 Verdeling luchtvaartmarkt (FSC’s,LCC’s en chartermaatschappijen)...........................................................20 3.2.2 Overzicht van de spelers actief op de Europese Low-cost markt...................................................................22 3.3 Evolutie van de markt.........................................................................................................................................28 3.3.1 Algemene ontwikkeling van de luchtvaartmarkt tijdens de crisis.................................................................29 3.3.2 Impact van de crisis op de toekomst van de luchtvaartmarkt ........................................................................38 3.3.3 Toekomstbeeld en spelers..............................................................................................................................42 II EMPIRISCH ONDERZOEK .......................................................................................................................................... 47 4 Inleiding..................................................................................................................................................... 47 4.1 Bestudeerd onderwerp........................................................................................................................................47 4.2 Beschikbare literatuur over de financieringsstructuur en ratio’s van LCC’s ......................................................48 4.2.1 Financieringsstructuur...................................................................................................................................48 4.2.2 Relevante ratio’s............................................................................................................................................51 4.3 Onderzoeksvragen..............................................................................................................................................53 5 Eigenschappen van het onderzoek............................................................................................................. 53 5.1 Begrippen en variabelen.....................................................................................................................................53 5.2 Hypothesen.........................................................................................................................................................59 5.3 Populatie en steekproef ......................................................................................................................................62 5.4 Gegevensverzameling ........................................................................................................................................63 6 Resultaten en interpretatie......................................................................................................................... 64 6.1 Descriptieve statistiek.........................................................................................................................................64
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