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Shane Michael Landry Byen Venu, Uai!: an Analysis of the Demographics and Labor Market Integration of Haitian Migrants in the Be

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Shane Michael Landry Byen Venu, Uai!: an Analysis of the Demographics and Labor Market Integration of Haitian Migrants in the Be Shane Michael Landry Byen venu, Uai!: An Analysis of the Demographics and Labor Market Integration of Haitian Migrants in the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Area Dissertação apresentada ao Centro de Desenvolvimento e Planejamento Regional da Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Mestre em Demografia. Orientador: Prof. Dra. Gisela Patricia Zapata Araújo Co-orientador: Prof. Dr. Alisson Flávio Barbieri Belo Horizonte 2018 ii Ficha Catalográfica Landry, Shane Michael. L262b Byen venu, Uai! [manuscrito]: an analysis of the demographics 2018 and labor market integration of Haitian migrants in the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Area / Shane Michael Landry. – 2018. 143 f.: il., gráfs. Orientadora: Gisela Patricia Zapata Araújo. Coorientador: Alisson Flávio Barbieri Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Centro de Desenvolvimento e Planejamento Regional. Inclui bibliografia (f. 134-143). 1. Haiti - Migração – Teses. 2. Trabalhadores estrangeiros – Haiti - Teses. 3. Mercado de trabalho – Belo Horizonte - Teses. 4. Demografia - Teses. I. Araújo, Gisela Patrícia Zapata II. Barbieri, Alisson F. - (Alisson Flávio). III. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Centro de Desenvolvimento e Planejamento Regional. IV. Título. CDD: 304.8 Elaborada pela Biblioteca da FACE/UFMG – FPS 074/2018 iii FOLHA DE APROVAÇÃO iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: I would like to begin by thanking my academic advisers, Professor Gisela Zapata Araújo and Professor Alisson Flávio Barbieri, for their critical guidance and encouragement throughout the process of researching and writing my master’s thesis. I am extremely grateful to the Centro Zanmi and its staff and volunteers for everything that I learned during my time as a volunteer there, and, especially, for granting me access to their database, without which this research would have never been possible. I am also thankful for the assistance they have always provided to me personally, as a migrant, in my times of doubt and need. I would like to specifically thank Pascal Peuzé for agreeing to take me on as a volunteer and for allowing me to access the data necessary for this research, Javier Celedon, for taking me under his wing when I was a volunteer at the Centro Zanmi, and for later becoming a great friend, and Aline Magalhães for her guidance and patience while working with me on the “Projeto Trabalho”, an experience that inspired the focus of this research. I also owe a special thanks to Professor Duval Fernandes (PUC Minas) and Professor Elaine Vilela (UFMG) for their help in accessing and explaining the SINCRE and RAIS databases, respectively, both of which were vital in conducting this research. I would like to express my immense gratitude to the Brazilian people, the CNPq, and the Brazilian government, which provided me with indispensible financial support, without which I would neither have been able to pursue a Master’s Degree in Demography, nor conduct this research. My development as a person, scholar, and worker, and; thus, this research, would never have been possible without the constant support of my mother, who has always believed in me and my abilities, even when I didn’t, and my father who taught me the value and importance of hard work from an early age. I am also extremely grateful to my late- grandmother, Estelle Pesko, for always supporting and loving me, no matter what, and my late grandfather, Harry Pesko, for our long conversations, which stoked my intellectual curiosity from a very young age. v Finalmente, ao meu companheiro na vida, Victor, te agradeço para sempre ter me apoiado durante o longo processo de pesquisar e escrever esta dissertação, e, mesmo nos momentos mais difíceis, de me fazer sorrir. Te amo. vi ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) In recent years, Latin America has witnessed ever-increasing intraregional migration flows in the context of growing political and economic integration and the tightening of migration policies in the developed world. Despite the rising importance of Haitian migration to Brazil over the past decade, few studies have explored the characteristics of Haitian migration to the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Area (RMBH), the third largest urban agglomeration in Brazil. This study seeks to fill these research gaps by: i) providing a comprehensive demographic profile of the Haitian migrant population in the RMBH, ii) analyzing the evolution of their labor market integration over the past eight years, and iii) investigating the role and characteristics of their migration motives, routes, connections with their place of origin, and/or employment-related connections and support. This analysis was conducted by triangulating data from three sources: the Centro Zanmi, an NGO that assists Haitian migrants in the RMBH; SINCRE, obtained from the Brazilian Federal Police; and the Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS), obtained from the Brazilian Labor Ministry. The results suggest that, large flows of Haitian migrants began to arrive in the RMBH in 2012, and that, through 2016, Haitian migration to the RMBH continued to grow, with migrants primarily falling between the working ages of 20 and 50 years old, and with women composing an increasingly larger percentage of migrants year-on-year. The number of formally employed Haitian migrants also increased from 2011 onward, a trend that continued at least through the end of 2015. Furthermore, this study observed a positive correlation between male Haitian migrants’ length of residence and their average monthly salary. These findings are pertinent due to the reemergence of international migration in the Brazilian sociopolitical agenda and the necessity to improve public policies concerning the socioeconomic integration of this new flow of international migrants. vii RESUMO (PORTUGUÊS) Nos anos recentes, a América Latina tem experimentado fluxos migratórios crescentes no contexto de uma integração política e econômica cada vez mais profunda e das crescentes restrições nas políticas migratórias no mundo desenvolvido. Apesar do aumento brusco da migração haitiana ao Brasil durante a década passada, poucos estudos tinham investigados às características deste fluxo migratório na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH), a terceira maior aglomeração urbana do Brasil. Este estudo busca preencher estas lacunas na literatura através de: i) fornecer um perfil demográfico compreensivo da população de migrantes haitianos na RMBH, ii) analisar a integração dos migrantes haitianos no mercado de trabalho nos últimos oito anos e iii) investigar o papel e as características dos seus motivos para migrar-se, as rotas migratórias tomadas, as conexões com os seus lugares de origem, e/ou outros vínculos ou fontes de apoio relacionados à sua inserção no mercado de trabalho. Esta análise foi feita triangulando três fontes de dados: o Centro Zanmi, uma ONG que fornece ajuda aos migrantes na RMBH; SINCRE, obtido da Polícia Federal do Brasil; e a Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS), obtida do Ministério do Trabalho brasileiro. Os resultados preliminares sugerem que os grande fluxos de migrantes haitianos começaram a chegar na RMBH em 2012 e, até o final de 2016, a migração haitiana à RMBH continuou a crescer, com a grande maioria dos migrantes sendo de idade produtiva, tendo entre 20 e 50 anos e com as mulheres compondo uma porcentagem cada vez maior deste fluxo migratório. O número de migrantes haitianos integrados na economia formal seguiu aumentado também, começando em 2011, e continuando, pelo menos, até o final de 2015. Também, existem evidências de uma correlação positiva entre sua duração de residência no Brasil e o seu salário médio mensal para migrantes masculinos. As descobertas deste estudo são extremamente pertinentes em um momento de uma ré-emergência da migração na agenda sociopolítica brasileira e para melhorar as políticas públicas em relação à integração socioeconômica deste fluxo novo de migrantes. viii RESUMEN (ESPAÑOL) En años recientes, América Latina ha visto flujos migratorios crecientes en el contexto de una integración política y económica cada vez más profunda y simultáneamente de crecientes restricciones en las políticas migratorias de los países desarrollados. A pesar del aumento veloz de la migración haitiana en Brasil durante la década pasada, pocos estudios han investigados las características de este flujo migratorio en la Región Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH), la tercera aglomeración urbana de Brasil. Este investigación busca alumbrar estas lagunas en la literatura a través de: i) fornecer un perfil demográfico comprehensivo de la populación de migrantes haitianos en la RMBH, ii) analizar la integración de los migrantes haitianos en el mercado laboral en los últimos ocho anos y iii) investigar el papel y las características de sus motivos para migrarse, las rutas migratorias tomadas, las conexiones con sus lugares de origen, y/o otros vínculos o fuentes de apoyo relacionados a su inserción en el mercado laboral. Esta análisis fue hecho triangulando tres fuentes de datos: el Centro Zanmi, una ONG que fornece ayuda a migrantes en la RMBH; SINCRE, obtenido de la Policía Federal de Brasil; y la Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS), obtenida del Ministerio de Trabajo brasileño. Los resultados preliminares sugieren que desde que grandes olas de migrantes haitianos comenzaron a llegar en la RMBH en 2012 y hasta el final de 2016, la migración haitiana hacia la RMBH continuó a crecer, con la gran mayoría de los
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