DOCSLIB.ORG

People, Place, Process: Unpacking Local Efforts to Produce

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
People, Place, Process: Unpacking Local Efforts to Produce PEOPLE, PLACE, PROCESS: UNPACKING LOCAL EFFORTS TO PRODUCE SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY HANNAH LEBOVITS Bachelor of Arts in Political Science Touro College, Lander College for Women September 2014 Master of Public Administration Cleveland State University December 2015 Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN URBAN STUDIES AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS at the CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY December 2020 We hereby approve this dissertation for Hannah Lebovits Candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree for the Department of Urban Studies And the CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY College of Graduate Studies by Rosie Tighe, Ph.D. Committee Chairperson Urban Studies, November 16, 2020 Meghan Rubado, Ph.D. Committee Member Urban Studies, November 16, 2020 Ashley Nickels, Ph.D. Committee Member Political Science, November 16, 2020 November 16, 2020 Student’s Date of Defense DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to Esther O. Law and Lula Gittings, the two women who gave me a voice and handed me a pen. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my dissertation committee for their constant support and guidance throughout this process. Even before the world turned upside down, my committee members clearly showed me that they supported my research interests and framing. When COVID-19 changed everything, and writing and defending a dissertation became even more difficult, they made sure that I finished strong. I would also like to thank several faculty members at the Levin College of Urban Affairs who helped me along my journey. These include: Dr. Bowen, Dr. Mikelbank, and Dr. Gleeson, who helped me refine my thoughts and think through my research interests. Dr. Guzman, who gave me important teaching and research experience. And Professor Joseph Mead, who so profoundly reshaped my research, teaching, and activism. To my friends, across all areas of my life, who have supported me in any way throughout this process—I love you and could not have done this without you. To my family, who gave me ample opportunities to repeat what it is I’m interested in—I hope some of this makes sense to you. To my husband, who did everything the ideal partner could possibly do over these past few years—I will never be able to thank you enough. And to my kids, who ultimately are the reason for everything I do—I hope you surpass me in every way. PEOPLE, PLACE, PROCESS: UNPACKING LOCAL EFFORTS TO PRODUCE SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY HANNAH LEBOVITS ABSTRACT This three-paper dissertation seeks to understand the factors that drive social sustainability in local contexts, giving attention to institutional efforts of local governments and nonprofit agencies as well as the interdependence between the built environment and collective action efforts. It marries two separate literatures, in public affairs and urban studies, by conceptualizing the relationships between the way spaces have been planned and designed to function and they ways they are lived in and governed. The first paper measures the relationship between modes of housing settlement within a city and the number of social sustainability policies a city adopts, finding a positive and statistically significant relationship between the dominance of single-family detached housing and the adoption of fewer policies. Paper two is a process tracing effort to understand the ways that a city that was historically designed to be dominated by single-family detached homes and automotive access can promote social sustainability through restorative justice efforts. Lastly, the third paper seeks to understand how members of a progressive nonprofit group who live in a region dominated by low-density housing and lack of public transit continue to engage in interactive, community building efforts. v Overall, this dissertation speaks to the existing literature on the relationship between spatial and social aspects of urban areas and adds to our understanding of how the production of social sustainability is tied to the physical landscape of an area. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ iix LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................x CHAPTER ...........................................................................................................................2 I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................2 II. SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH POLICY ADOPTION ....................9 2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................9 2.2 Urban Social Sustainability and Residential Settlement..……..11 2.3 Connecting Settlement Patterns and Policy Making……....…..15 2.4 Methodology ...............................................................................21 2.5 Findings and Analysis .................................................................34 2.6 Conclusion and Future Research .................................................43 III. SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY AND RESTORATIVE JUSTICE………..….46 3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................46 3.2 Suburban Communities in Transition: Reconsidering Decline...50 3.3 Social Sustainability as a Focus on “Just Acquisition”……..…..54 3.4 A Restorative Justice Approach to Social Sustainability………58 vii 3.5 Methodology ................................................................................62 3.6 Findings and Analysis ..................................................................74 3.7 Conclusion ....................................................................................84 IV. ENABLING SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY WITH ASSOCIATIONS ................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.1 Introduction ..................................................................................90 4.2 Background: Sustainability of Community ……….……………93 4.3 Conceptual Framing: Suburban Social Sustainability….……….96 4.4 Theorizing Efforts to Produce Social Sustainability …..……….99 4.5 Methodology ...............................................................................104 4.6 Findings and Analysis .................................................................113 4.7 Conclusion ....................................................................................130 V. CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................134 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................143 APPENDIX ......................................................................................................................175 A. Comparative GLS and Poisson Models .................................................................176 viii LIST OF TABLES Table Page I. Dependent variables: Social sustainability additive indexes………………..22 II. Descriptive Statistics, summaries…………………………………………...26 III. Results of Linear and Poisson Regressions…………………………………35 IV. Source Materials for Case Study……………………………………………70 V. Key stakeholders……………………………………………………………74 ix LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page I. Total Policy Actions………………………………………………………...27 II. Housing Policy Actions……………………………………………………..28 III. Transit Policy Actions………………………………………………………28 IV. Bike Policy Actions…………………………………………………………29 V. Children Policy Actions……………………………………………………..29 VI. Mayoral Form of Government………………………………………………31 VII. Margins Plot for Total Policy Actions………………………………………37 VIII. Conceptual Model of Social Sustainability as Just Acquisition…………….58 IX. A Visual Model of the Research Design Strategy…………………………..72 X. A Visual Overview of the Case Study Findings and Analysis………………83 XI. GIS map of Community Investment Index…………………………………115 x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Over the last several decades, sustainability- broadly defined as the capacity of a system to adapt without the threat of resource depletion- has developed as a key focus of local governance. The 1987 Bruntland report encouraged all levels of government across the world to prioritize the prevention of environmental and social degradation in light of the increasing trend towards rapid spatial development (WCED, 1987). The primary driver of these concerns is urban development, a process intended to maximize the economic utility of a given space, over time. Actions taken today should not present a threat to tomorrow’s viability and institutions of collective action can work to ensure the sustained existence of social and spatial systems, preventing the tragedy of the commons (Olson, 1965). Today, cities are where most human activities in the United States take place. Local governance systems are tasked with engaging in active efforts to protect the environmental, economic, and social life that occurs within them and they have absolutely taken on significant efforts to promote sustainable activities (Portney, 2013). Nevertheless, local governments can still 2 struggle to sufficiently prevent degradation, in large part due to their inability to perform the functions of larger, coordinated, and centralized units of government (Peterson, 1981). While they certainly can utilize their powers to service those within
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Women Activists of Occupy Wall Street Consciousness-Raising and Connective Action in Hybrid Social Movements Megan Boler and Christina Nitsou
    11 Women Activists of Occupy Wall Street Consciousness-Raising and Connective Action in Hybrid Social Movements Megan Boler and Christina Nitsou REDEFINING SOCIAL MOVEMENT “SUCCESS” On the Second Anniversary of Occupy Wall Street, September 17, 2013, political commentator Robert Reich dismissed the movement as having failed, in part due to its “lack of a clear leadership.” 1 Such judgments per- sistently accusing Occupy Wall Street (OWS) of having “no clear goals or aims”—widely held misrepresentations of OWS which began almost as soon as media began reporting—refl ect a fundamental misunderstanding and misrecognition of the particular commitments, aims, and visions of OWS as well as how contemporary “hybrid social movements” function, mobilized by a new generation of young, often fi rst-time activists. In par- ticular, the horizontal (nonhierarchical) organizational structure can appear to those unfamiliar with horizontalism as a lack of clear goals. Such accu- sations fail to recognize a key feature of contemporary social movements: the increasingly important commitment to a process of liberation as part and parcel of any end goals or singular aims. OWS is known as a leaderless movement for this reason, including features such as consensus-based deci- sions and radical inclusivity. Horizontalism creates a nonhierarchical space which invites women to thrive and fi nd spaces and places to assume “leadership.” A key participant from Occupy Santa Cruz tells us, . since we were in a horizontal structure, and in a vertical structure women are often put at the lower rung of the ladder, it was a way for women to be heard. So that did happen and .
    [Show full text]
  • Occupying Identities: Hierarchal Divisions and Collective Identity in the Occupy Movement
    1 Occupying Identities: Hierarchal Divisions and Collective Identity in the Occupy Movement By Bridget Eileen Stirling A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Social and Applied Sciences in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Intercultural and International Communication Royal Roads University Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Supervisor: Dr. Phillip Vannini July 2015 Bridget Stirling, 2015 Occupying Identities 2 COMMITTEE APPROVAL The members of Bridget Stirling’s Thesis Committee certify that they have read the thesis titled Occupying Identities: Hierarchal Divisions and Collective Identity in the Occupy Movement and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the thesis requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Intercultural and International Communication: Dr. Phillip Vannini [signature on file] Dr. David Black [signature on file] Dr. Robert Benford [signature on file] Final approval and acceptance of this thesis is contingent upon submission of the final copy of the thesis to Royal Roads University. The thesis supervisor confirms to have read this thesis and recommends that it be accepted as fulfilling the thesis requirements: Dr. Phillip Vannini [signature on file] Occupying Identities 3 Creative Commons Statement This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 2.5 Canada License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ca/. Some material in this work is not being made available under the terms of this
    [Show full text]
  • Occupy Wall Street's Challenge to an American Public Transcript
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 10-2014 Occupy Wall Street's Challenge to an American Public Transcript Christopher Neville Leary Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/324 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] OCCUPY WALL STREET’S CHALLENGE TO AN AMERICAN PUBLIC TRANSCRIPT by Christopher Leary A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in English in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2014 This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in English in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Dr. Ira Shor ________ _ 5/21/2014 __________________ ______ Date Chair of Examining Committee __Dr. Mario DiGangi ______________ _________________________ Date Executive Officer Dr. Jessica Yood Dr. Ashley Dawson Supervisory Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK ii Abstract OCCUPY WALL STREET’S CHALLENGE TO AN AMERICAN PUBLIC TRANSCRIPT by Christopher Leary Adviser: Dr. Ira Shor This dissertation examines the rhetoric and discourses of the anti-corporate movement Occupy Wall Street, using frameworks from political ethnography and critical discourse analysis to offer a thick, triangulated description of a single event, Occupy Wall Street’s occupation of Zuccotti Park. The study shows how Occupy achieved a disturbing positionality relative to the forces which routinely dominate public discourse and proposes that Occupy’s encampment was politically intolerable to the status quo because the movement held the potential to consolidate critical thought and action.
    [Show full text]
  • Strange Speech: Structures of Listening in Nuit Debout, Occupy, and 15M
    International Journal of Communication 12(2018), 1840–1863 1932–8036/20180005 Strange Speech: Structures of Listening in Nuit Debout, Occupy, and 15M JESSICA FELDMAN Stanford University, USA Practices and techniques of listening were at the core of recent social movements that explicitly espoused horizontal direct democracy: 15M, Occupy Wall Street, and Nuit Debout. These movements sought to imagine nonhierarchical structures through which large groups of strangers could speak and listen to each other, considering seriously the coconstruction of communicative form and political values. Drawing on participant observation; 23 long-form interviews with social movement actors in Paris, Madrid, and New York City; and texts such as video documentation and “best practices” literature, this article performs a comparative analysis of internal assembly communications— particularly bodily mediated methods of transmitting and perceiving spoken language— and their relationships to deliberation and decision making. All of these movements struggled to reconcile the mandate to listen with the material and infrastructural challenges of autonomous public space. Nuit Debout’s strong commitment to accommodating those who could not comfortably participate in an occupation (day laborers, sans-papiers, disabled, etc.) caused its internal communication practices to differ in its attempts to conserve time and to prioritize translation. Keywords: social movements, listening, voice, Nuit Debout, Occupy Wall Street, 15M, horizontal democracy In order to enter into political exchange, it becomes necessary to invent the scene upon which spoken words may be audible, in which objects may be visible, and individuals themselves may be recognized. —Rancière, Dissenting Words (Panagia & Rancière, 2000, p. 118) Starting in late 2010, an upsurge of publicly sited social movements, broadly termed “the movements of the squares,” attempted to solve the problems of democratic deliberation, public speaking, and group listening.
    [Show full text]
  • Revolutionary Leadership: from Paulo Freire to the Occupy Movementi
    1 Journal for Social Action in Counseling and Psychology Volume 4, Number 2 Fall 2012 Revolutionary Leadership: From Paulo Freire to the Occupy Movementi Mary Watkins Pacifica Graduate Institute Abstract All over the world, individuals in groups are attempting to occupy their “Commons.” In an era of gross income and power divides, this reclamation must go hand-in-hand with a process of psychic and interpersonal decolonization, where the received hierarchical roles and leadership practices we have inherited are disrupted and thrown into question. Beginning with Paulo Freire’s ideas on revolutionary leadership, and continuing to the principles and practices emerging in the OCCUPY movement, the author focuses on the consensus process and on horizontalism (horizontalidad). To aid in the radical transformation of the structures of oppression, counselors and other dialogically-skilled individuals are needed to help facilitate shared leadership, inclusive dialogue, conflict transformation, and consensus decision-making. Keywords: reclaiming the commons, consensus, revolutionary leadership, horizontalism (horizontalidad), revolution, dialogue, communities of resistance, cultural worker, limit act, OCCUPY movement I. Recovering the Commons Mistrust, disappointment, disillusionment, and anger mark our current relationship to leaders. The exercise of excess power, including violence, to satisfy rapacious desires for further power, prestige, privilege, and wealth have bled away the lifeblood - the needed nutrients for a decent life - from the majorities. Lies, manipulation, corruption, and deceit have betrayed and marred our hopes for forms of leadership for the common good. The raping of resources, including the labor of human beings, from one place and its inhabitants for the benefit of another much smaller set of people in another place is familiar to us from colonialism.
    [Show full text]
  • DL Summer 2015
    From the National Director Organizing with Class and Identity By Maria Svart ne of my favorite DSA T-shirts reads, “We or- is in fact stronger when we better understand the ganize with class.” It sums up what makes complexities of what we’re fi ghting, so we need ev- Ous different from other eryone’s insights. We know that black women ex- progressive activists. We under- perience sexism differently than white women be- stand that the capitalist class cause of racism, and black women experience rac- has an inherent interest in ex- ism differently than black men because of sexism. ploiting the working class and Similarly, all men benefi t from male privilege, but has structured society and all of black men benefi t less than white men because of our institutions accordingly. Yet, racism. It’s a similar dynamic with class: working- we also recognize that the ruling class people have a common interest against capi- class shapes institutions and so- talism, but precisely because racism and sexism ex- cial relations not just to regulate and control people ist alongside with and intersect with capitalism, we based on their position in the economy but also on are vulnerable to the divide-and-conquer tactics of their gender, race, age, sexual orientation, and other the economic ruling class. categories. In other words, based on other aspects of Which brings us to the presidential election. Our their identity. fi rst black president may be followed by our fi rst fe- For example, we women are taught from birth to male president, both of them good on some issues be caretakers—of children, of men, of elderly rela- but horrible on others.
    [Show full text]
  • Mic Check! Media Cultures and the Occupy Movement
    Mic Check! Media Cultures and the Occupy Movement The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Costanza-Chock, Sasha. "Mic Check! Media Cultures and the Occupy Movement." Social Movement Studies 11 (August 2012): 375-385 © 2012 Taylor and Francis Group As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2012.710746 Publisher Informa UK Limited Version Author's final manuscript Citable link https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122987 Terms of Use Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike Detailed Terms http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Social Movement Studies, iFirst article, 1–11, 2012 Mic Check! Media Cultures and the Occupy Movement SASHA COSTANZA-CHOCK Comparative Media Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA ABSTRACT Scholars and activists have hotly debated the relationship between social media and social movement activity during the current global cycle of protest. This article investigates media practices in the Occupy movement and develops the concept of social movement media cultures: the set of tools, skills, social practices and norms that movement participants deploy to create, circulate, curate and amplify movement media across all available platforms. The article posits three key areas of inquiry into social movement media cultures, and explores them through the lens of the Occupy movement: (1) What media platforms, tools and skills are used most widely by movement participants? (Practices); (2) What role do experienced practitioners play in movement media practices? (Expertise); and (3) In what ways does the movement media culture lean toward open or participatory, and in what ways toward closed or top–down? (Open/Closed).
    [Show full text]
  • Yes, You Have Implicit Biases, Too
    Yes, You Have Implicit Biases, Too By David Gooblar November 20, 2017 Ask any educated person what the placebo effect is, and almost all of them will be able to tell you. They will also accept, without any arm-twisting, that the placebo effect is real. After all, there is no real controversy around placebos — it’s well established that they work. And yet, any time I’ve suggested to an educated person that the placebo effect may be working on them — that they might as well be taking sugar pills for their colds instead of vitamin C — I get strenuous denials in response. Many of us are ready to accept that placebos can work in general, just not on us. A similar dynamic exists with implicit biases. Looking for inspiration on teaching or some specific strategies? David Gooblar, a lecturer in rhetoric at the University of Iowa and a blogger on teaching, writes about classroom issues in these pages. Here is a sampling of his recent columns. Most of us now readily accept that behavior is often driven by unconscious attitudes and stereotypes. But suggest to people that they themselves may have implicit biases, and suddenly the defense mechanisms roar into effect. But we do have implicit biases — every one of us — and as faculty members, it’s imperative we try to take them into account. The challenge of confronting our own biases as teachers came to mind as I read news accounts this fall about the controversy over "the progressive stack." A graduate student at the University of Pennsylvania reported being pulled from the classroom for using that teaching technique, which aims to offer students whose voices tend to be marginalized in class discussions a greater opportunity to speak.
    [Show full text]
  • Occupy-Gazette-3.Pdf
    Sarah Resnick ANN SNITOW Nov. 15 page 7 Greenham Common Courtroom page 20 Geoffrey Wildanger Kathryn Crim page 30 Kathleen Ross page 14 OCCUPY UC DAVIS Bulldozers of the Arrested! page 14 Mind OCCUPY!#3 An OWS-Inspired Gazette Daniel Marcus page 30 Marco Roth Occupation to Mayor Communization Bloomberg’s page 32 SIlvia Federici Language page 2 CHRISTOPHER HERRING AND ZOLTAN GLUCK page 22 Women, Re-Articulating the Struggle for Education Austerity, Marina Sitrin page 30 and the Some unfinished issues with feminist horizon- revolution talism Nicholas Mirzoeff page 32 Eli Schmitt page 18 Mark Greif page 2 COMPLETE TABLE OF CONTENTS Occupy Climate The best Years Open Letter INSIDE THE BACK COVER Change! of our lives ZUCCOTTI RAID & AFTER they were outnumbered, easily, two to “Police—protect—the 1 per-cent.” You a life of qualities? Is quality, by definition one. were standing, twenty of you, defending immeasurable, only describable, some- “What are they so afraid of?” my com- an empty street with bank skyscrapers thing that can be charted by the cleanli- Astra Taylor panion asked when we first arrived at Wall rising out of it. You don’t belong in those ness of a street, the absence of certain Street just after 1 AM, and as I watched skyscrapers. You knew it too. smells, certain people? Is the absence of the eviction this excessive use of force the question dirt, smells, noise, and people what the kept ringing in my ears. But the answer is mayor means by “thriving?” Is there really Last night, in what seems to be part of a obvious: they are afraid of us.
    [Show full text]
  • The Critique of Deliberative Discussion. a Response to •Œeducation for Deliberative Democracy: a Typology of Classroom Disc
    The Critique of Deliberative Discussion David I. Backer (West Chester University of Pennsylvania) Abstract My response to Samuelsson’s (2016) recent essay offers a different paradigm with which to think about education, deliberative discussion and democracy. I call this paradigm the critique of deliber- ative discussion. Following Ruitenberg’s application of Mouffe’s critiques of deliberative democracy to education, the critique of deliberative discussion focuses on what Jameson called the “political unconscious” of deliberative discussions like those presented by Samuelsson. There is literature that critique traditionally moderate- liberal notions of deliberative discussion, which Samuelsson defines his typology: reason, willingness to listen, and consensus. While others, like Ruitenberg, have devel- oped this critique of deliberative-democratic citizenship education, the critique of deliberative dis- cussion takes a left- of- liberal view of each of Samuelsson’s requirements for deliberative discussion listed above and describes practical-pedagogical techniques, which teachers and facilitators can use to practice critical discussions. This response’s contribution to the debate is therefore not only to cri- tique deliberative discussion but also—following Samuelsson— to offer techniques that translate the critique into classroom practice. This article is in response to: Samuelsson, M. (2016). Education for deliberative democracy: A typology of classroom discussions. Democracy & Education, 24(1), Article 5. Retrieved from http://democracyeducationjournal.org/ home/vol24/iss1/5 amuelsson’s (2016) “Education for Deliberative new information becomes convincing; and (c) the striving for Democracy: A Typology of Classroom Discussions” is consensus requirement, where participants attempt to formulate a neat essay. First, the author mapped out criteria for compromises given existing disagreements, from which a una- what counts as deliberative democracy in theory, surveying an nimity may emerge.
    [Show full text]
  • Tidal Occupy Theory
    tidaloccupy theory, occupy strategy December 2011 Issue 1 2 Index Communiqué 1 Step 1: Occupy Universities. Step 2: Transform Them by Conor Tomás Reed An Occupier’s Note by Suzahn E. General Strike by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak On Power by Anteant On Celebrities by ND On Outdoor Space by Thomas Hintze and Laura Gottesdiener Collective Statement from the Men’s Holding Cell, 1st Precinct 3 poems by Jed brandt For and Against Precarity by Judith butler The power of the People to Stand and be Counted by Michael Premo Power in the Movement by Alex C. Matrix as the Core Element by Rira Possibility, Universality & Radicality: A Universal Chorus of Emancipation by Isham Christie 99%, a poem by Najaya Royal The Ninety and Nine, a poem by Rose Elizabeth Smith 3 We have come to Wall Street as refugees from this native dreamland, seeking asylum in the actual. That is what we seek to occupy. We seek to rediscover and reclaim the world. Communiqué 1 We were born into a world of ghosts and illusions clearer. We understand them as souls detached from their that have haunted our minds our entire lives. These shades former selves and meanings, and reduced to messengers. seem more alive to us than reality, and perhaps by some They were sent to us by people intent on grounding life into definition are more actual, hyper-real. We grew up in this a hoard-able quintessence, who have urged us merely to buy world of screens and hyperbole and surreal imagery, and and “do our part” in the constant monetization of life.
    [Show full text]
  • Building Socialism from Below: Luxemburg, Sears, and the Case
    Wilfrid Laurier University Scholars Commons @ Laurier Social Justice and Community Engagement Laurier Brantford Summer 8-19-2014 Building Socialism From Below: Luxemburg, Sears, And The aC se Of Occupy Wall Street Holly Campbell Wilfrid Laurier University Follow this and additional works at: http://scholars.wlu.ca/brantford_sjce Part of the Political Economy Commons, Political History Commons, and the Social History Commons Recommended Citation Campbell, Holly, "Building Socialism From Below: Luxemburg, Sears, And The asC e Of Occupy Wall Street" (2014). Social Justice and Community Engagement. 2. http://scholars.wlu.ca/brantford_sjce/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Laurier Brantford at Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Social Justice and Community Engagement by an authorized administrator of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Building socialism from below Luxemburg, Sears, and the case of Occupy Wall Street By Holly Campbell © Major Research Paper Completed in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master's in Social Justice and Community Engagement at Wilfrid Laurier University Brantford, Ontario August 19th 2014 Advisor: Dr. James Cairns Second Reader: Dr. Todd Gordon Abstract For as long as capitalism has existed, people have struggled against it. However, despite the fact that anti-capitalist social movements have won important battles and at times created change, the global capitalist system remains largely intact, ever growing and expanding. How might waves of resistance help pave the way for a different economic and political system— one based upon the principles of accountability, equity, justice, and production for human need? This paper examines how anti-capitalist theories and writings, as well as a radically democratic social movement, can inform visions of a sustainable future that is productive, just, and built upon the needs and well-being of people: a future of socialism-from-below.
    [Show full text]