Records of Indo-Pacific

AUSTiN H. CLARKI

THE ECHINODERMS recorded herein were for Indo-Pacific is very limited, especially in re­ the most part collected in connection with gard to the central Pacific area. Extensive the studies of the Pacific Science Board, Na­ work has been done only in , the tional Research Council. They represent in­ Netherlands East Indies, the Malayan region, cidental activities of 15 members of survey the , and the Hawaiian Islands, parties, all ofwhom were intensively engaged and even here the records, though very nu­ in other work. It has seemed advisable to sup­ merous, are very spotty. plement these records with those of other About the large, high, forested islands specimens from the Indo-Pacific region not where the available nutrients in the sea are previously recorded which were received from enriched by a constant accession of vegetable 15 donors, most of whom were members of waste from the land, the fauna, both littoral the armed forces, chiefly during and after the and abyssal, is exceedingly rich and varied, war. The specimens from were with many large and unusually large presented to the National Museum by the individuals of other species. A curious side late Lieutenant General Alexander McCarrell light on the importance of vegetable detritus Patch, Jr., through the National Geographic .is afforded by the flexible-shelled sea urchins Society. ofthe genus Araeosoma which occur at depths All the specimens listed are in the United of from 70 to 1,289 meters and are known to States National Museum. A large collection feed on the leaves of dicotyledonous plants. of echinoderms from the Marshall Islands, Even a· fossil Araeosoma from California was including 2,674 specimens resulting from the surrounded by leaf impressions. In the Pacific Navy's Operation Crossroads and the Bikini area Araeosoma occurs among the Malayan Scientific Resurvey, has previously been de­ Islands and the Philippines, off Tonga and scribed (Clark, 1952). This paper should be Fiji, offsouthernJapan, and offthe Galapagos consulted in connection with the present Islands and Panama, but not in the central contribution. Pacific or on the American coast except at All the sea urchins collected by Dr. F. S. Panama. The species of Araeosoma are large, MacNeil are dead tests. one ofthem up to 180 millimeters in diameter. Our knowledge of the details of the dis­ Although certain faunal subregions may be tribution of the littoral echinoderms of the distinguished in the region of the larger and higher islands from Ceylon eastward, these 1 Curator, Division of Echinoderms, United States National Museum, Washington, D.C. Manuscript re­ are not very distinctive, the tropical Austra­ ceived August 12, 1953. lian, including the Am Islands and the south 243. 244 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. VIII, July, 1954 coast ofNew Guinea, being the most notable. the Hawaiian Islands. One species occurs from Northward and eastward among the low is­ the Gulfof California to Panama, and another lands, as conditions become less and less is known from off the Dry Tortugas, Florida. favorable for littoral echinoderms, the fauna No species is known from the central Pacific, becomes progressively poorer, and segrega­ though one may occur there, as there is an tion into definite faunal regions appears to old specimen in the Copenhagen Museum become more marked. said to be from Nukahiva in the Marquesas;. The majority ofthe Indo-Pacific species are but Dr. Mortensen regards the locality as small or at most of medium size and are. doubtful. Too much faith cannot be placed present everywhere, though many become on the absence of records of this genus, as fewer in individuals among the atolls. In some the species seem to be easily overlooked. The cases the individuals here are noticeably Caribbean species was not described until smaller. The large species in many cases dis­ 1934 and is still known only from the four appear or become segregated ,and confined original specimens. to special areas in which they may become Among the brittle stars, the very large and differentiated into recognizable subspecies or conspicuous basket stars of the family Gor­ even distinct .species. gonocephalidae, otherwisecosmopolitan,have The very large and heavy sea stars of the not been reported from the small islands, nor family are especially character­ have any ofthe species ofTrichasteridae, with istic of tropical coasts, but, except for the many-branched arms. However, the species genus Culcita, the cushion stars, the most of these two families occur in water of from specialized of the family, ranging from east a few fathoms downward, not along the Africa eastward, they are absent from the shores, so, although they are frequently central Pacific area. The largest genus, Penta­ brought up on fishermen's lines, the ab­ ceraster, with 14 species, is found from the sence ofrecords is not necessarily significant. Red Sea and eastern Africa to Australia, New Among the more conspicuous and char­ Guinea, , New Caledonia, and acteristic of Indo-Pacific sea urchins are the Samoa, and also on the coast of , in the limpet, pavement, or helmet urchins of the Philippines, among the Ryukyu Islands, in genus Colobocentrotus. These are of fairly large southern Japan, in the Hawaiian Islands, and size and live in the surf zone, usually in large on the west coast of Central America. The colonies, so that they are not easily over­ species found in the Hawaiian Islands and on looked. One species, C. atratus, occurs at the American west coast are very similar. The Zanzibar, Natal, Madagascar, Mauritius, the genus , with four species, ranges Seychelles, Christmas Island,Java, Timor, and from eastern Africa to western Australia, New Amboina, and also in the Hawaiian Islands, Guinea, the , New Cale­ though not between the Moluccas and Ha­ donia, the Mariana Islands, the Palau Islands, waii. A related species, C. pedifer, is confined Yap, the Ryukyu Islands, and southernJapan. to the Tuamotus. A third species, C. mertensi, If species of these two or related genera is found in the Bonin and Mariana Islands. occurred among the atolls, they could scarcely A related genus with normal instead ofmodi­ be overlooked and certainly would be known fied spines, ZenocentrotuJ, occurs in Tonga and to the natives. Samoa. The latter, first described in 1931, Among the sea urchins the genus Astropyga may have a more extended distribution as it is characteristic of tropical regions in from 5 is easiiy confused with sea urchins of other to 88 meters. The species are large, up to 180 families. . millimeters in diameter. They range from Among the largest, most conspicuous, and eastern Africa to Australia, New Britain, and most characteristic of the Indo-Pacific sea Indo-Pacific Echinoderms - CLARK 245 urchins are the two species of slate-pencil or from the Marshall Islands recorded in the cigar urchins ofthe genus Heterocentrotus. One following pages. ofthese, H. mammil/atus, occurs from the Red In the Atlantic, Echinometra lucunter reaches Sea and Tanganyika, Madagascar, Mauritius, its maximum size on the northern and south­ and Rodriguez to the Cocos-Keeling Islands, ern limits of its range in Bermuda and Brazil northwestern Australia, , Torres (Clark, 1933: 83), and Brissus brissus.in the Strait, the Philippines, New Caledonia, and Mediterranean reaches nearly twice the size Fiji, and also in the Mariana, Bonin, Ryukyu, that it does in the Caribbean (ibid., p. 91). and Hawaiian Islands. It appears to be absent The largest known specimen of Linckia guild­ from the central Polynesian region except for ingii, with a radius of 215 millimeters, is from Johnston Island and the Tuamotus, where it Bermuda. was recently found by Dr. Morrison. From the zoogeographical and historical The other more specialized species, H. tri- . points of view, the most interesting andsig~ gonarius, occurs at Zanzibar, Natal, Madagas­ nificant echinoderms are not to be found in car, Mauritius, Rodriguez, Java, the Philip­ the warm and brilliantly illuminated tropical pines, Tonga, Samoa, and throughout littoral, but in the dimly illuminated and Polynesia. cooler zones from 5 or 6 fathoms downward Both species occur at Madagascar, Mauri­ to the depth, which differs indifferent areas, tius, Rodriguez, the Philippines, the Tuamo­ where a localized fauna, if present, begins to tus, and Johnston Island. merge into the increasingly widespread abys­ As both species have apparently the same sal fauna. That such an intermediate fauna habits, living normally in holes and crevices may be of much significance is indicated by in the reefs and sometimes together in the the genus Psychocidaris, the only representative same group, the reason for the difference in of the family Psychocidaridae, related to the distribution in the extreme western and in the Cretaceous Tylocidaris, known only from the eastem part of theinanges is obscure. It may, Bonin Islands in about 100 fathoms. ofcourse, be due in part to insufficient knowl­ edge oftheir distribution among the atolls; COLLECTION DATA H. mammillatus may be more generally dis­ Onotoa Atoll, Gilbert Islands tributed here than the records available at present indicate. The localities in the Onotoa Atoll, Gilbert It appears somewhat paradoxical that, al­ Islands, are listed by numbers. The data for though large species and large individuals for each numbered locality are as follows. the most part do not extend into the groups G.O.C.-24. Toward the southern end of a of small Polynesian islands, a few species lee reef stretch known as Rakai Ati, in an reach their maximum size in this area, on the area of small patches fairly thickly in­ northeastern periphery of their range. The terspersed on lime sand and coral debris; the largest specimen of Heterocentrotus trigonarius bottom is at depths of 3-4 feet at low tide. I have seen is from Johnston Island and Preston E. Cloud, Jr., and D. W. Strasburg, measures 123 by 100 millimeters with a height July 26, 1951. of 68 millimeters and with the longest spines G.O.C.-25. About 4.25 miles S.86°W. from 150 millimeters. In another specimen, pos­ Aiki Maneaba on the lagoon side ofthe broad sibly larger, the longest spines are 165 milli­ reefpassage north ofa narrower passage called meters long. Some from Bikini are almost as Rawa Bao, from small patch reefs rising to large (Clark, 1949: 71). The largest known within 4-6 feet of the surface from a lime­ specimens of Brissus latecarinatus are those sand and coral-gravel- bottom at 12 feet. P. 246 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. VIII, July, 1954

E. Cloud, Jr., A. H. Banner, and D. W. mean low tide. P. E. Cloud, Jr., August Strasburg, July 27, 1951. 10, 1951. G.O.C-26. From an isolated patch reef in G.O.C-36. Southeastern end of reef area the main reef passage about 1.5 miles directly known as Rakai Ati, south side of big wind­ offshore from Government Station jetty (on ward point of reef near center of the atoll; south portion ofnorthern main island) ; depth collection made from a strip about 0.5 mile about 20 feet. A. H. Banner and D. W. long running clear across the reef. P. E. Strasburg, July 28, 1951. Cloud, Jr., August 20, 1951. G.O.C-27. About 9,200 feet S.72°W. from. G.O.C-39. Northwestern Onotoa, about offshore end of Government Station jetty (on 1,300 feet northeast from Namokoro, in an south portion of northern main island) just area of gravelly sand bottom with maximum south of main passage out of lagoon (Rawa depths of about 12-14 inches at low tide and ni Karoro) where coral shoals known as Aon with occasional heads ofdigitate Porites lobata. te ra Bata begin to deepen; collection made P. E. Cloud, Jr., August 21, 1951. from an area where patch reefs rise above the G.O.C-41. Green algal flats crusting dead lime-sand bottom, at 16 feet depth; most coral-algal rock at northwest corner of atoll; specimens from a low coral patch about 14 collections were made over an area extending feet below the surface. P. E. Cloud, Jr., July about 300 feet north and 1,000 feet west from 29, 1951. a point about 3,000 feet north of the monu­ G.O.C.-28. Slightly less than 4 miles N.­ ment on Aonteuma; the area is exposed at 85°W. from Aiaki Maneaba in outer lagoon; low tide. P. E. Cloud, Jr., August 21, 1951. patch reefs rising above the lime-sand surface G.O.C-51. About 3.25 miles N.31°W. at 14 feet to within 6 feet of the surface. P. from Tabuarorae Maneaba near the center of E. Cloud, Jr., D. W. Strasburg, A. H. Banner, Te Rawa ni Bao, a pass in the south part of E. Moul, and]. Randall, July 30, 1951. the leeward reef; collected from thickly set G.O.C-29. About 1 mile S.32°W. from coral masses rising from 15 feet (sounded at Tekawa church at lagoon margin ofsouth end low tide) of water to within about 8-10 feet of reef stretch known as Aon te Baba; col­ ofthe surface locally. P. E. Cloud, Jr., August lection from patch reefs rising about 9 feet 23, 1951. (reduced to mean low tide) lime-sanq. bottom G.O.C-53. About 9,300 feet N.30oW. from to within 1 foot of the surface. P. E. Cloud, Tabuarorae Maneaba in southern part of Te Jr., D. W. Strasburg, and A. H. Banner, July Rawa Tekatobibi, a pass through the south 31, 1951. end of the leeward reef; collected from patch G.O.C-30. Heliopora flat at south end of reefs rising to an occasional maximum of the northern main island of Onotoa at 1+ within 4 feet of the surface from a bottom feet at low tide. P. E. Cloud, Jr., and D. W. sounded at 18 feet. P. E. Cloud,Jr., August Strasburg, August 1, 1951. 23, 1951. G.O.C-32. Back ridge trough, about 600 G.O.C-54. About 3,500 feet N.20°E. from feet offshore from PSB camp (Onotoa) at· the Tabuarorae Maneaba, near the south end of outer margin of the windward reef, just in­ the atoll, in about 2 feet of water over dead shore from the algal ridge and surge channels; coral-algal bottom patchily veneered with this part of the reef never dries even at low· calcareous gravel and scattered small patches tide and generally has at least a foot or two of living coral. P. E. Cloud, Jr., August of water above it. P. E. Cloud, Jr., August 23, 1951. 1, 1951. G.O.C-55. About 13,400 feet S.75°W. G.O.C-35. About 8,600 feet N.18°W. from from Aiki Maneaba in the deep central part Tabuarorae Maneaba in 17 feet of water at of the lagoon; the bottom is of low scattered Indo-Pacific Echinoderms - CLARK 247

dead and living coral patches on intervening of outer reef at north end. J. P. E. Morrison, lime sand and lime mud about 30--40 per cent July 9, 1952. sediments and 60':"'70' per cent coral. P. E. 1917. Ngarumaoa Island, from under side Cloud, Jr., August 25, 1951. of, and bori,!g into, coralline rocks just below Banner, A-I, A-2. Windward reef flat, low-tide line on inner reef at north end of July, 1951. island. J. P. E. Morrison, July 11, 1952. Banner, A-II. Same locality, July 24,1951. 1920. Ngarumaoa Island, outer reef flats. Banner, B-1. Extensive shallow sand flats. N. D. Newell, July 11, 1952. near shore. 1921. Ngarumaoa Island, outer reef flats. Banner, B-4. Sand and decadent . N. D. Newell, July 11, 1952. Banner, B-4-6. Sand and decadent coral 1922. Fakatomo Island, outer reef. Robert reef, turtle grass, and mud flat,and "incipient Harry, July 11,1952. beach rock," July, 1951. 1952. Nataira Island, under rocks on outer Banner, B-8. Decadent coral reef. reef flats. J. P. E. Morrison, July 16, 1952. 1959. Homohomo Island, round depres­ Tuamotu Archipelago, sions in ourer reef pavement edge. J. P. E. Morrison, July 21, 1952. The specimens from the Tuamotus were 1963. Homohomo Island. J. P. E. Mor­ supplied with tin tag numbers in the field, rison, July 21, 1952. andthese numbers are listed under the species. 1994. North of Kahongi Island. J. P. E. The data for these numbers are as follows: Morrison, July 25, 1952.. 1841. Raroia Atoll, Ngarumaoa Island, 2002. Tahuna riri Island, outer reef pave­ zone just behind the outer reef edge. Joseph ment flats. J. P. E. Morrison, July 27, 1952. P. E. Morrison, July 5, 1952. 1842. Ngarumaoa Island, middle section 2023. Ngarumaoa Island, off inner reef, or zone of outer reef. J. P. E. Morrison, south end of island, 15 feet depth. N. D. July 5, 1952. Newell, August 1, 1952. 1855. Ngarumaoa Island, from edge of 2040. Oneroa Island, outer reef pavement outer reef opposite village. J. P. E. Morrison, area. J. P. E. Morrison, August 4, 1952. July 6, 1952. 2043. Oneroa Island, from outer reef litho­ 1860. Ngarumaoa Island, middle zone of thamnion ridge in one local area. J. P. E. outer reef opposite village, on and under Morrison, August 4, 1952. coral rock. J. P. E. Morrison, July 6, 1952. 2050. Oneroa Island, from the lithotham­ 1861. Ngarumaoa Island, from under rocks nion ridge of outer reef outside the island, orr middle to inner section or zone of outer 0.5 mile south of camp. J. P. E. Morrison, reef opposite village. J. P. E. Morrison, August 5, 1952. July 6, 1952. 2059. Oneroa Island, from edge of inner 1879. Ngarumaoa Island, outer reef edge. reef, lagoon shore. M. Doty, August 5, 1952. J. P. E. Morrison, July 8, 1952. 2060. Raroia Atoll, from patch reef 2 kilo­ 1884. Ngarumaoa Island.J. P. E. Morrison, meters inside southeast corner of lagoon. R. July 8, 1952. Harry, August 4, 1952. 1886. Ngarumaoa Island. J. P. E. Morrison, . 2103. Oneroa Island, coral gravel talus to July 8, 1952. lagoon mouth of channel and north end of 1889. Ngarumaoa Island, from middle island, 10 feet depth. J. P. E. Morrison, zone of outer reef flat. J. ·P. E. Morrison, August 9, 1952. July 9, 1952. . 2116. Ngarumaoa Island, Ohave teu patch 1906. Ngarumaoa Island, inshore pool area reef. J. Newhouse, August 12, 1952. '248 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. VIII, July, 1954

2118. Raroia Atoll, in lagoon 100 yards 2254. N garumaoa Island, edge· of pond east of Ohave Karena patch reef, 60 feet section of lagoon reef flat (Miramiruau), depth. J. Newhouse, August 12, 1952. south ofvillage. M. Doty, September 3, 1952. 2120. In the lagoon 200 yards south of Okumekume patch reef. ].Newhouse, Au­ LIST OF SPECIES COLLECTED gust 12, 1952. Class CRIN 0 IDE A 2121. In the lagoon 200 yards northeast of the eastern tip of Miramiruau reef, Ngaru­ Family COMASTERIDAE maoa Island; 55 feet depth. ]. Newhouse, Genus COMASTER 1. Agassiz August 13, 1952. 2122. Ngarumaoa Island, in lagoon 100 Comaster gracilis (Hartlaub) yards east of north edge of reef flat (Mira­ miruau), south end of island; in 40 feet of Actinometra gracilis Hartlaub, Nachr. Ges. water.]. Newhouse, August 13, 1952. G6ttingen, May, 1890, pp. 170, 187 (Pulo 2124. Ngarumaoa Island, in lagoon 400 Edam, near Batavia [Djakarta], Java). yards southwest of Tomanganga patch reef. LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, J. Newhouse, August 13, 1952. G.O.C-25 (1 specimen); G.O.C-53 (1 2172. Brought in by Kahea from patch reef specimen). off Tapatahiti Island (lagoon).]. P. E. Mor­ rison, August 23, 1952. Genus COMANTHERIA A. H. Clark 2184. Rocky (coral gravel) beach of sand island (no name), second channel east of Comantheria polycnemis A: H. Clark Kakapuka Island. J. P. E. Morrison, August Comantheria polycnemis A. H. Clark, U. S. Natl. 26, 1952. Mus., Proc. 36: 396, 1909 ("Albatross" 2185. Second channel east of Kakapuka stations 5139, 5147, 5248, 5249 [type local­ Island, under rocks just below low-tide line ity], 5350, 5251, 5252, 5253, 5354). on beach of sand island (no name). J. P. E. Morrison, August 26, 1952. LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, 2236. Collected from coral-studded bot­ G.O.C-25 (2 specimens); G.O.C-53 (2 tom in the Ava pass. Hurl Estill, September small specimens). 1, 1952. NOTE: A note with the specimens from 2238. Ngarumaoa Island, from inner reef G.O.C-53 reads: "These and other ones in sandy patch near reef edge only, north end lacking tendril grips [cirri] on base maroon ofisland.J. P. E. Morrison, September 2, 1952. with a scattering of golden threads on term­ inal (small) branches [pinnules] of food­ 2245. Ngarumaoa Island, from just below gathering arms." and 1 foot below low-tide line on gravel an4 rocks of sandy gravel bottom,' inner reef flats Genus COMANTHUS A. H. Clark near shore. ]. P. E. Morrison, September 2, 1952. Comanthus bennettii (]. Muller) 2250. Ngarumaoa Island, northern end. ]. Alecto bennettii J. Muller, Preuss. Akad. det P. E. Morrison, September 3, 1952. Wiss., Monatsber. 1841: 187 (locality un­ 2252.' NgarumaoaIsland, from coralline known). algae from outer reef. M. Doty, September 3, 1952. LOCALITIES: Marshall Islands, Arno Atoll 2253. Ngarumaoa Island, south end, from (3 small specimens); M.A.C-1 (1 small pool and pavement zone. M. Doty, Septem- specimen). ber 3, 1952. . New Caledonia (1 large specimen). Indo-Pacific Echinoderms - CLARK 249

Comanthus samoana A. H. Clark Stephanometra indica protectus (Lutken) Comanthus (Comanthus) samoana A. H. Clark, U. S. Nat!. Mus., Proc. 37: 30, 1909 Antedon protectus Lutken, Mus. Godeffroy' (Samoa). Cat. 5: 190, 1874 (Tonga Islands; nomen nudum); in P. H. Carpenter, Linn. Soc. LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, London, Trans. (Zool.), ser. 2, 2: 19, 1879 G.O.e.-25 (8 specimens); G.O.e.-51 (1 (character of the oral pinnules). specimen); G.O.e.-53 (6 specimens). LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, Comanthus parvidrra (J. Muller) G.O.e.-25 (1 small specimen); G.O.e.-51 A/ecto parvicirra J. Muller, Preuss. Akad. der (1 specimen). Wiss., Monatsber. 1841, p. 185 (locality Okinawa, reef off Odomari, A. R. Loeb­ unknown). lich, Jr., June 12, 1945 (3 specimens). LOCALITY: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, Genus LAMPROMETRA A. H.Clark G.O.e.-25 (4 specimens). Lamprometra palmata palmata (J. Muller) A/ecto pa/maia J. Muller, Preuss. Akad. der Genus COMATELLA A. H. Clark Wiss., Monatsber. 1841: 185 (India). Comatella maculata (P. H. Carpenter) LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islan'ds, Onotoa Atoll, Actinometra macu/ata P. H. Carpenter, "Chal­ G.O.e.-25 (1 specimen). Philippines, Green lenger" Rpts., Zoology 26(60): 307, 1888 Island Bay, Palawan, Lt. William A. Bartos, ("Challenger" station 186). 1944 (1 specimen).

LOCALITY: Mariana Islands, Rota, D. G. Class E CHI NO IDE A Frey, Novembecl2, 1945 (1 specimen). Family CIDARIDAE Family HIMEROMETRIDAE Genus EUCIDARIS Pome! Genus HIMEROMETRA A. H. Clark . Eucidaris metularia (Lamarck) Himerometra robustipinna (P. H. Cidarites metu/aria Lamarck, Histoire naturelle Carpenter) des animaux sans vertebres, vol. 3, p. 56, 1816 (Ocean of the Great Indies, Mauri­ Actinometra robustipinna P. H. Carpenter, Ley­ tius, and Santo Domingo). den Mus., Notes 3: 201, 1881 (Moluccas). LOCALITIES: Tuamotus, Morrison, 1879 (1 LOCALITY: Solomon Islands, New Georgia, specimen); 1941 (1 specimen); 1952 (1 spec­ Wilfred G. Iltis (1 specimen). imen). Guam, Oca Point, D: G. Frey, November, Family MARIAMETRIDAE 1945 (1 specimen). Genus STEPHANOMETRA A. H. Clark Genus PHYLLACANTHUS Brandt Stephanometra spicata (P. H. Phyllacanthus imperialis (Lamarck) Carpenter) Cidarites imperia/is Lamarck, Histoire naturelle Antedon spicata P. H. Carpenter, Leyden Mus., des animaux sans vertebres, vol. 3, p. 54, Notes 3: 190,1881 (Banda Sea). 1816 (Red Sea). LOCALITY: Guam, tide pools, D. G. Frey, LOCALITY: New Caledonia (fragments of November 25, 1945 (1 specimen). several specimens). 250 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. VIII, July, 1954

Family DIADEMATIDAE LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, G.O.C-24 (2 small specimens, one with a Genus DIADEMA Gray parasitic gastropod). Diadema paucispinum A. Agassiz Marshall Islands, Ailuk Atoll, leeward reef just west of Ailuk Island, seaward side, F. S. Diadema paucispinum A. Agassiz, Mus. Com­ MacNeil, 1951-52 (2 specimens). par. Zool., Bul. 1: 19, 1863 (Sandwich Tuamotus, Morrison, 1842 (4 specimens); [Hawaiian] Islands). 2238 (1 specimen). LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, Guam, Oca Point, David H. Johnson, G.O.C-24 (1 specimen); G.O.C-30 (1 spec­ May, 1945 (1 specimen); D. G. Frey, Novem­ imen); G.O.C-36 (1 specimenY. ber, 1945 (3 specimens). Saipan, Unai Taloforo, P. E. Cloud, Jr., Diadema setosum (Leske) June 12, 1949 (1 specimen).

Echinometra setosa Leske, Additamenta ad Echinothrix calamaris (Pallas) Jacobi Theodori Klein, 1778, p. 36. Echinus calamaris Pallas, Spicilegia zoologica LOCALITY: Saudi Arabia, ~mile north of ... vol. 1, fase. 10, p. 31, pl. 2, figs. 4-8, West Pier, Ras Tanura, Donald S. Erdman, 1774 (East Indies). June 23, 1948. LOCALITY: Solomon Islands, Bougainvill~ NOTES: In his account of the echinoderms Island, U. S. Navy, 1944 (1 specimen). of the Iranian Gulf (Danish Scientific Inves­ tigations in Iran, part 2: 59, 1940) Dr. Th. Family TEMNOPLEURIDAE Mortensen says: "Above all it is unbelievable that Diadema should not occur there, seeing Genus MESPILIA Desor that it occurs as far north as the Gulf of Mespilia globulus (Linne) Suez in the Red Sea." In his notes on the echinoderms of Tarut Bay and vicinity, Saudi Echinus globulus Linne, Systema naturae, ed. Arabia, Richard LeBaron Bowen wrote (A. 10, vol. 1, p. 664, No.2, 1758 (Indian H. Clark, 1949, Amer. Mus. Novitates No. Ocean). 1390: 11, 13, 14) that on May 25, 1945, he LOCALITY: New Caledonia (6 bate tests). found Diadema in Tarut Bay, and in one locality. it was predominant and common. Later when he visited the locality to collect Family TOXOPNEUSTIDAE specimens, it had totally disappeared. In 1948 Genus TRIPNEUSTES 1. Agassiz Mr. Erdman collected a specimen in the same general region and brought it to Washington. Tripneustes gratilla (Linne) This specimen was mentioned as Diadema Echinus gratilla Linne, Systema naturae, ed. setosum, but without data of occurrence, in 10, vol. 1, p. 664, No.4, 1758 (Indian 1950 (Report on the Progress and Condition Ocean). of the United States National Museum for tfie year ending June 30, 1949, p. 29). LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, reef near Abenecne, at a depth of 2 feet, Genus ECHINOTHRIX Peters Banner, October 7, 1951 (collected by Stras­ Echinothrix diadema (Linne) burg) (1 specimen). Tuamotus, Morrison, 1889 (1 specimen); Echinus diadema Linne, Systema naturae, ed. 1921 (1 specimen); 2175 (1 specimen). 10, vol. 1, p. 664, No.7, 1758 (Indian Sea). Palmyra Island, Dr. W. H. Jones, U. S. Indo-Pacific Echinoderms - CLARK 251

Navy, U.S.S. "Portsmouth" (1 specimen). F. S. MacNeil (2 specimens); Uterik Atoll, Guam, Oca Point, David H.Johnson, May, beach at west end of Uterik Island, lagoon 1945 (1 specimen). side, F. S. MacNeil (1 specimen). Solomon Islands, Bougainville, U. S. Navy, Tuamotus, Morrison, 1860 (3 specimens);' 1944 (1 specimen); New Georgia, Wilfred G. 1879 (4 specimens); 1994(1 specimen); 2116 Iltis (1 specimen). (fragments); 2118 (dead test); 2184 (1 spec­ Seleo Island, about 5 miles off the northern imen); 2253 (1 small specimen). New Guinea coast at Aitape, about midway Guam, Oca Point, David H. Johnson, between Hollandia and Wewak, Cap~. Marvin May, 1945 (3 specimens); D. G. Frey, No­ Clinton Meyer (3 specimens). vember, 1945 (3 specimens). New Caledonia (1+ specimens). Saipan, P. E. Cloud, Jr., April 6, 1949(1 specimen); lagoon west of Saipan, P. E. Family PARASALENIIDAE Cloud, Jr., April 12, 27, May 13, June 20, 1949 (19 specimens). Genus PARASALENIA A. Agassiz Okinawa, reef off Ogimi, A. R. Loeblich, Parasalenia p6hlii Pfeffer Jr., June 12, 1945 (32 specimens). Solomon Islands, Bougainville, Lt. William Parasalenia pohlii Pfeffer, Ver. Naturw. Un­ A. Bartos, 1944 (1 specimen); U. S. Navy, terhalt. Hamburg, Verhandl. 6: 110, 1887 1944 (2 specimens). . (Tahiti). Seleo Island, about 5 miles off Aitape, LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, northern New Guinea, about midway be­ G.O.C-28 (1 specimen). tween Hollandia and Wewak, Capt. Marvin Tuamotus, Morrison, 2250 (1 specimen). Clinton Meyer (5 specimens). New Caledonia (2 bare tests). Netherlands New Guinea, about 5 miles north of Sansapor, Lt. George H. Penn, Family ECHINOMETRIDAE August 15 to October 3,1944 (11 specimens). New Caledonia (8 tests). Genus ECHINOMETRA Gray Echinomatra mathaei (de Blainville) Echinometra mathaei var. oblonga (de Blainville) Echinus mathaei de Blainville, Diet. de sci. nat., vol. 37, Oursin, p. 94, 1825 (Mauritius). Echinometra oblongus de Blainville, Diet. de sci. nat., vol. 37, Oursin, p. 95, 1825 (no LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, locality) . G.O.C-24 (3 specimens); G.O.C-27 (1 specimen); G.O.C-29 (1 specimen); G.O.­ LOCALITIES: Tuamotus, Morrison, 1841 (17 C-36 (2 specimens); G.O.C-41 (2 speci­ specimens); 2002 (1 specimen); 2185 (9 mens); Banner, A-11 (1 specimen); lagoon, specimens) . in coral, Banner, July, 1951 (1 specimen). Genus ECHINOSTREPHUS A. Agassiz Marshall Islands, Ailuk, F. S. MacNeil (1 specimen); Eniwetok, Lt. William C Har­ Echinostrephus aciculatus A. Agassiz rington, July 9, 1944 (1 specimen); Kwajalein Echinostrephus aciculatus A. Agassiz, Mus. Atoll, Loi and South Loi Islands, F. S. Mac­ Compar. Zool., Bul. 1: 20, 1863 (Kings­ Neil (4 specimens); Lae Atoll, Lae Island, mill [Gilbert] and Hawaiian Islands). F. S. MacNeil (1 specimen); Taka Island, beach, F. S. MacNeil (3 specimens); Ujae LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands,'Onotoa Atoll, Atoll, Ally Island,F. S. MacNeil (1 specimen); G.O.C-51 (5 specimens). Ujelang AtoH, sand bar east ofMoron Island, . Marshall Islands, Kwajalein Atoll, Loi and 252 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. VIII, July, 1954

South Loi Islands, F. S. MacNeil (1 spec­ des animaux sans verrebres, vol. 3, p. 51, imen); Ujae Atoll, Wotya Island, F. S. Mac­ 1816 (?Mediterranean). Neil (1 small specimen); Ujelang Atoll, sand LOCALITIES: Marshall Islands, Ailuk, F. S. bar east of Moron Island, F. S. MacNeil (1 MacNeil (1 specimen); Kwajalein Atoll, Loi specimen). and South Loi Islands, F. S. MacNeil (1 spec­ imen); Lea Atoll, on windward reef flat, Lea Genus COLOBOCENTROTUS Brandt Island, F. S. MacNeil, 1951-52 (1 specimen); Colobocentrotus atratus (Linne) Likiep Atoll, Lado Island, outer reef behind lithothamnion ridge, F. S. MacNeil (2 spec­ Echinus atratus Linne, Systema naturae, ed. imens); Uterik Atoll, Uterik Island, F. S. 10, vol. 1, p. 655, 1758. MacNeil (2 specimens); Wotho, F. S. Mac­ LOCALITY: Spouting Horn, south shore of Neil (2 specimens). Kauai, Hawaiian Islands, P. E. Cloud, Jr., Tuamotus, Morrison, 1855 (4 specimens); September 13, 1951 (25 specimens). 1889 (1 specimen); 1959 (1 small specimen). Canton Island, Charles A. Ely, November. Colobocentrotus pedifer (de Blainville) 18, 1941 (1 specimen). Guam, Oca Point, David H.Johnson, May, Echinus pedifer de Blainville, Dict.de sci. nat., 1945 (2 specimens). vol. 37, Oursin, p. 97, 1825 (southern seas). Heterocentrotus mammillatus (Linne) LOCALITIES: Tuamotus, Morrison, 1922 (1 Echinus mamillatus Linne, Systema naturae, ed. specimen); 1959 (1 specimen); 2043 (7 spec­ 10, vol. 1, p. 664, No.9, 1758 (no locality). imens); 2050(5 specimens). NOTE: This species is known only from the LOCALITIES: Tuamotus, Morrison, 1959 (3 Tuamotus. small specimens). Saipan, near Taloforo, P. E. Cloud, Jr., Colobocentrotus mertensi Brandt June 12, 1949 (2 specimens). New Caledonia (8 bare tests). Colobocentrotus mertensi Brandt, Prodrom. descr. animo ab H. Mettensio observ., p. 66, 1835. Family CLYPEASTRIDAE LOCALITIES: Guam, Oca Point, David H. Genus CLYPEASTER Lamarck Johnson, May, 1945 (8 specimens). Saipan, near Taloforo, Alice Davis and Clypeaster latissimus (Lamarck) Betsy Weld, transmitted through P. E. Cloud, Scutella latissimet Lamarck, Histoire naturelle Jr., June 12, 1949 (49 specimens). des animaux sans verrebres, vol. 3, p. 12, NOTES: This species, long known from the 1816 (?Southern Ocean). Bonin Islands, was first recorded from the Marianas by Shozo Nishiyama who listed it LOCALITY: New Caledonia (1 specimen, 110 from Pagan Island Oapan Oceanogr. Soc., by 104 mm.). Jour. 1[1,2], May, 1942 [in Japanese]). In 1949 I mentioned its occurrence at Guam Clypeaster reticulatus (Linne) (A. H. Clark, 1949; 71). Echinus reticulatus Linne, Systema naturae, ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 606, No. 15, 1758 (American Genus HETEROCENTROTUS Brandt Ocean). Heterocentrotus trigonarius (Lamarck) LOCALITIES: Marshall Islands, Taka Atoll, Echinus trigonarius Lamarck, Histoire naturelle F. S. MacNeil (1 specimen, length 75 mm., Indo-Pacific Echinoderms - CLARK 253

width at anterior pair of petals 54 mm., thick­ LOCALITIES: Marshall Islands, UjelangAtoll, ness of margin 13 mm.); Ujae Atoll, Ally sand bar east of Moron Island, F. S. MacNeil Island, F. S. MacNeil (3 specimens). (39 specimens); Wotho Atoll,F. S. MacNeil (5 specimens). Family LAGANIDAE Genus LAGANUM Linck Genus ECHINOCYAMUS van Phelsum Laganum depressum L. Agassiz Echinocyamus megapetalus H. L. Clark Laganum depressum L. Agassiz, Monographie Echinocyamus megapetalus H. L. Clark, Mus. des scutelles, p. 110, pI. 23, figs. 1-7, 1841 Compar. Zool., Mem. 46(1): 60, pI. 128, (Moluccas) . figs. 5-8, 1914 (Mauritius). LOCALITIES: Marshall Islands, Ailuk, F. S. LOCALITIES: Marshall Islands, UjelangAtoll, MacNeil (1 specimen); Taka Atoll, beach, sand bar east of Moron Island, F. S. MacNeil F. S. MacNeil (4 specimens); Ujelang Atoll, (255 specimens); Wotho Island, F. S. Mac­ sand bar east of Moron Island, F. S. MacNeil Neil (11 specimens). (2 specimens); Wotho Atoll, Wotho Island, F. S. MacNeil (88 specimens). Family ECHINONEIDAE New Caledonia (11 dead tests, the largest Genus ECHINONEUS van Phelsum 74 by 61 mm.). Echinoneus cyclostomus Leske Laganum sp. Echinimeus cyclostomus Leske, Additamenta ad LOCALITY: Tuamotus, Morrison, 2120 Jacobi Theodori Klein, p. 173, pI. 37, figs. (fragments) . 4,5,1778. Genus PERONELLA Gray LOCALITIES: Marshall Islands, Kwajalein Peronella lesueuri (L. Agassiz) Aroll, Loi and South Loi Islands, F. S. Mac­ Neil (1 specimen); Likiep Atoll, Nada Island, Laganum lesueuri L. Agassiz, Monographie F. S. MacNeil (1 specimen); Taka Aroll, Taka des scutelles, p. 116, pI. 24, figs. 3-6, 1841 Island, beach, F. S. MacNeil (8 specimens); (southern lands, Peron and Lesueur; also Ujae Atoll, Ally Island, F. S. MacNeil (8 Guadeloupe). specimens); Wotya Island, F. S. MacNeil (1 LOCALITY: Okinawa, Shioya, Shanawan, D. specimen); Ujelang Atoll, sand bar east of Flint, 1947 (1 specimen). Moron Island, F. S. MacNeil (93 specimens); Wotho Atoll, Wotho Island, F. S. MacNeil Family FIBULARIIDAE (5 specimens). Genus FIBULARIA Lamarck Tuamotus, Morrison, 1861 (2 specimens); 1883 (1 specimen); 1906 (2 specimens); 1963 Fibularia australis Desmoulins (1 specimen). Fibularia australis Desmoulins, Etudes sur les echinides, p. 240,1837 (southern seas). Family SPATANGIDAE LOCALITY: Marshall Islands, Wotho Island, Genus METALIA Gray F. S. MacNeil (77 specimens). Metalia sternalis (Lamarck) Fibularia ovulum (Linne) Spatangus sternalis Lamarck, Histoire naturelle Echinus ovulum Linne, Systema naturae, ed. . des animaux sans vertebres, vol. 3, p. 31, 13, vol. 1, pt. 6, p. 3194, No. 83, 1788 1816 (southern oceans). (no locality). LOCALITY: New Caledonia (1 specimen). 254 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. VIII, July, 1954

Metalia spatagus (Linne) typicus Muller and Troschel Echinus spatagus Linne, Systema naturae, ed. Archaster typicus Muller and Ttoschel, Preuss. 10, p. 665, 1758 (oceans everywhere). Akad. der Wiss., Monatsber. 1840: 104 (Indian Ocean). LOCALITIES: Guam, Oca Point, David H. Johnson, May, 1945 (1 specimen). LOCALITY: New Caledonia (3 specimens). New Caledonia (fragments of a very large specimen bored by a gastropod). Family OREASTERIDAE Metalia dicrana H. 1. Clark Genus PROTOREASTER Doderlein Metalia dicrantf H. 1. Clark, Mus. Compar. Protore,aster nodosus (Linne) Zoo1., Mem. 46(2): 211, pi. 146, fig. 16, Asterias nodosa Linne, Systema naturae, ed. 10, pI. 160, figs. 1-4, 1917 (Panglao, Bohol p. 661, 1758 (Indian Ocean). Province, Philippines). LOCALITY: Marshall Islands, Likiep Atoll, LOCALITIES: Guam, Oca Point, David H. Uado Island, F. S. MacNeil (1 specimen). Johnson, May, 1945 (1 specimen); D. G. Frey, November, 1945 (5 specimens). Genus MARETIA Gray Seleo Island, about 5 miles off the northern New Guinea ·coast at Aitape, about midway Maretia ovata (Leske) between Hollandia and Wewak, coral reef, Spatangus ovatus Leske, Additamenta adJacobi Capt. Marvin Clinron Meyer (2 specimens). Theodori Klein, p. 188, pI. 49, figs. 12, New Caledonia (3 specimens). 13, 1778. LOCALITY: Marshall Islands, Uterik, F. S. Genus CULCITA 1. Agassiz MacNeil (fragments). Culcita novae-guineae . Muller and Troschel Genus BRISSUS Leske Brissus latecarinatus (Leske) Culcita novae-guineae Muller and' Troschel, System der Asteriden, 1842, p.' 38 (New Spa/angus brissus var. latecarinatus Leske, Addi­ Guinea). tamenta ad Jacobi Theodori Kleip., pp. XX, 185, lT78. LOCALITIES: Marshall Islands, Bikini Atoll, inside pools of outer reef, southeastern Bikini LOCALITIES: Marshall Islands, Taka Atoll, Island, H. S. Ladd, March 23, 1946 (1 spec­ F. S. MacNeil (2 specimens; the larger, length imen); Ailuk, windward reef, F. S. MacNeil, 123 mm., width 100 mill., height 65 mm.); 1951-52 (1 specimen). Ujelang Atoll, sand bar east of Moron Island, Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, P. E. Cloud, F. S. MacNeil (19 specimens; the largest, Jr. (1 specimen); G.O.e.-54 (1 specimen). length 137 mm., width 105 mm., height 78 Tuamotus, Morrison, 2023 (1 specimen); mm.); Wotho Island, F. S. MacNeil (1 spec­ 2059 (1 specimen); 2060 (1 specimen); 2172 imen, length 135 mm., width 113 mm., (1 specimen). height 81 mm.); no definite locality, F. S. Guam, Oca Point, David H. Johnson, MacNeil (1 specimen). May, 1945 (4 specimens); D. G. Frey, No­ vember, 1945 (5 specimens). Class ASTE R 0 IDE A Seleo Island, about 5 miles off the northern Family ARCHASTERIDAE coast ofNew Guinea at Aitape, about midway Indo-Pacific Echinoderms - CLARK 255 between Hollandia and Wewak, Capt. Marvin Fromia monilis Perrier Clinton Meyer (1 specimen). Fromia monilis Perrier, Arch. de Zool. Expt. New Caledonia (1 specimen). et Gen. 4: 443, 1875 (no locality).

Family LINCKIIDAE LOCALITY: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, G.O.C-36 (2 specimens). Genus FROMIA Gray Samoa, Pago Pago, Vernon 1. Kellogg, Fromia hemiopIa Fisher August, 1902 (1 specimen). No locality (1 specimen). Fromia hemiopIa Fisher, U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 46: 212, 1913 (Tonquil Island, Gu­ Genus FERDINA Gray mila reef, south ofMindanao, Philippines). Ferdina offreti Koehler LOCALITIES: Marshall Islands, Ailuk Atoll, near outer edge of seaward reef, leeward side Ferdina offreti Koehler, Indian Mus. Aster­ of Aihik Island, near west end of island, F. oidea, p. 143, pl. 16, figs. 2-5, 1910 (Little S. MacNeil, 1951-52 (1 specimen). Andaman, 10 fathoms; Ceylon, 34 fathoms). Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, G.O.C-36 LOCALITY: New Caledonia (1 specimen). (3 specimens); G.O.C-55 (1 specimen). Genus GOMOPHIA Gray Fromia milleporella (Lamarck) Gomophia egyptica Gray Asterias milleporella Lamarck, Histoire natu­ relle' des animaux sans vertebres, vol. 2, p. Gomophia egyptica Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. . 564, 1816 (?seas of Europe). Hist. 6: 286, 1840 (Egypt). LOCALITIES: Saipan, lagoon west of the is­ LOCALITY: Gilbert Islands, Onqtoa, 4-10 land, P. E. Cloud,Jr.,July4, 1949 (1 specimen). feet, Banner, July, 1951 (1 specimen). New Caledonia (1 specimen). Genus NARDOA Gray Fromia balansae Perrier Nardoa pauciforis (von Martens) Fromia balansae Perrier, Arch. de Zool. Expt. Linckiapauciforis von Martens, Arch. f. Natur­ et Gen. 4: 552, 1875 (New Caledonia). gesch. 32(1): 69, 1866 (Adenare Island, near Flores). LOCALITIES: Fiji, Mukuluva reefs, June 12, 1922 (1 specimen). LOCALITY: Solomon Islands, New Georgia, Samoa, Pago Pago, Vernon 1. KeUogg, Wilfred G. Iltis (1 specimen). August, 1902 (3 specimens). . N ardoa mollis de Loriol Fromia pacifica H. 1. Clark Nardoa mollis de Loriol, Soc. Phys. Nat. Hist. Fromia pacifica H. 1. Clark, Echinoderms of Geneve, Mem., Suppl. 8: 26, pl. 3 (12), Torres Strait, 1921, p. 42, pl. 31, figs. 5, 6 figs. 4-4f, 1891 (New Britain). (Hawaiian Islands). LOCALITY: Seleo Island, about 5 miles off LOCALITY: Samoa, Pago Pago, Vernon 1. the northern coast of New Guinea at Aitape, Kellogg, August, 1902 (2 specimens). about midway between Hollandia and We­ NOTE: Dr. Clark in the original description wak, Capt. Marvin Clinton Meyer (7 spec­ recorded this species from the Gilbert Islands. imens. 256 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. VIII, July, 1954

N ardoa frianti Koehler All the plates are completely covered with a continuous coating ofvery small contiguous Nardoa frianti Koehler, Indian Mus. Aster­ spherical granules; a small group of granules -oidea, 1910, p. 158, pI. 17, figs. 3, 4 on the summit of each plate, or, especially on (Andaman Islands, 20 fathoms). the marginals, a single granule, are slightly LOCALITY: New Caledonia (1 broken spec- though inconspicuously larger than the others. imen). ' The aboral and marginal plates are slightly tumid, each longitudinal series forming a low Genus OPHIDIASTER 1. Agassiz convex ridge, the ridges and the individual Ophidiaster granifer Lutken plates in the ridges being separated from each other by similar shallow though prominent Ophidiaster granifer Lutken, Vidensk. Meddei. furrows. 1871: 276 (Tonga Islands). Themarginals number about 32; the supero­ LOCALITY: Seleo Island, about 5 miles off marginals are directly above the inferomar­ the northern New Guinea coast at Aitape, ginals, and the plates of the outermost aboral about midway. between Hollandia and We­ rows are for the most part directly above the wak, coral reef, Capt. Marvin Clinton Meyer superomarginals. The terminal plate is aboral, (2 specimens). somewhat flattened-hemispherical, bare, with 4-6 tubercles in an irregular longitudinal Ophidiaster pustulatus (von Martens) series. In the center of the disc there is a group Linckia pustulata von Martens, Arch. f. Natur­ of about 15 irregularly arranged plates en­ gesch. 32(1): 62, 1866 (Flores; Arriboina). closed in a pentagon of 10 subequal larger LOCALITY: Guam, Oco Point, David H. plates which are broader than long. The fa-' Johnson, May, 1945 (2 specimens). diaJly situated plates in the pentagon are followed by the median row of aboral plates. Ophidiaster perplexus sp. nov. The plate in this row immediately following DESCRIPTION: Rays 5, equal, with parallel the radial plate in the pentagon is somewhat sides until near the tip, well arched aborally, larger than those succeeding, and the next flat orally below the marginals; interbrachial following plate may be slightly enlarged. The angles acute. R = 33 mm., r = 5.5 mm., interradial plates in the pentagon are separated R = 6r; breadth of arms at base 6 mm. from the interradial superomarginals by two At the base ofthe rays on the aboral surface smaller plates similar to and contiguous with there are three rows of plates between, the the plates of the lateral rows of the aboral marginals, but almost immediately additional surface between the median row and the rows appear by branching of the median row superomarginals. and its successive branches, so that in the The madreporite, which is about the size outer half of the rays there are seven or eight 'of the adjacent interradial plate in the central rows. At the base of the rays all the aboral pentagon, is halfway between the center of plates are ofabout the same size, the marginals the disc and the interradial angle. There is only very slightly larger than the others, but only a single madreporite. on the outer part' of the rays, while the plates The papulae appear to be single or in small of the rows adjoining the superomarginals groups of 2 or 3, but are difficult to dis­ are of about the same size as the latter or tinguish between the granules. only very slightly smaller, those of the inner On the oral surface of the rays there are at rows are considerably smaller and more or the bases of the rays 4 rows of plates between less irregular in arrangement. the adambulacrals and the inferomarginals. Indo-Pacific Echinoderms - CLARK 257

The outermost row extends to about the the fineness and uniformity of the granular eighth inferomarginal, and the next disap­ covering; in the spherical form of the tuber­ pears in the outer third of the ray. The plates cles on the outer part of the adambulacral of the oral surface are completely covered plates; and in having the granules on the with densely crowded small spherical uniform furrow series double and between pairs of granules resembling those on the aboral sur­ spines instead of between individual spines. face. The plates are only slightly elevated and In size and in general appearance Ophidiaster are separated by shallow grooves. There ap­ perplexus resembles Linckia multifora more pear to be no papulae on the oral surface. closely than it does any other species of There are no pedicellariae on either the oral Ophidiaster, and it is possible that in the past or aboral surfaces. it has been confused "with it. The rays are The furtow spines are flattened at right slightly stouter than those of L. multifora, angles to the longitudinal axis of the ray and and the plates on the aboral surface are larger, have broadly rounded tips. Of the two on more tumid, and, at least on the bases of the each adambulacral plate, the adoral is slightly rays and on the aboral surface of the disc, smaller than the aboral. Between the two more regular in arrangement; the papular spines on each plate there are two elongated areas are much smaller, with fewer papulae~ grains, one above the other, 2 or 3 times as On the oral side the armature of the adam­ long as broad, the uppermost reaching to the bulacral plates is strikingly similar, but in L. upper third of the spines. These grains are multifora the grains on the inner face of the visible only after dissection. On the mouth furrow are between the individual spines in­ plates and on a few of the adambulacrals stead of between pairs of spines, as in O. immediately following, grains (usually two) perplexus. In L. multifora there are two madre­ from the oral surface are intercalated between porites which are much nearer tne inter­ the spines. The outer portion of each adam­ brachial angles than they are to the center bulacral plate bears a rounded tubercle which of the disc. is a 'little larger than the rounded end of the larger spine; this tubercle is separated from Genus LINCKlA Nardo the furrow spines by usually two irregular Linckia multifora (Lamarck) rows of tubercles similar to those covering the oral surface. Asterias multifora Lamarck, Histoire naturelle The color (dry) is buff white, with small des animaux sans vertebres, vol. 2, p. 565, irregular darker blotches. 1816 (?Seas of Europe). TYPE: U.S.N.M., £.7999, from pool and LOCALITIES: Marshall Islands, Eniwetok, pavement zone at the south end of Ngaru­ Lt. William C Harrington, July 9, 1944 (1 maoa Island, Tuamotus; collected by Dr. specimen);, Vjae Atoll, sOft fine sandy tidal Joseph P. E. Morrison, September 3, 1952. flat at the north end of Vjae Island, F. S. REMARKS: Ophidiaster perplexus falls within MacNeil, 1951-52 (3 specimens); Vterik that section of the genus Ophidiaster which Atoll, F. S. MacNeil, November 28, 1951 (3 includes species with granules on the inner specimens); Wotho Atoll, Wotho Island, F. surface of the furrow between the furrow S. MacNeil (2 specimens). spines; with a single madreporite; with few Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, G.O.C-24 papular pores in each papular area; and with (1 specimen); G.O.C-36 (3 specimens and few or no pedicellariae. This group iQcludes 4 comets); G.O.C-41 (1 specimen); Banner, only O. pustulatus and O. squameus, from which B-8 (1 comet). O. perplexus differs markedly in the arrange­ Tuamotus, Morrison, 1884, 1886 (4 spec­ ment of the plates on the aboral surface; in mens); 1860 (46 specimens); 1917 (2 comets); 258 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. VIII, July, 1954

1920 (1 specimen); 2103 (1 comet); 2121 (4 Family ASTERINIDAE specimens); 2185 (3 specimens); 2243 (1 Genus ASTERINA Nardo comet); 2245 (15 specimens). Canton Island, 1. P. Schultz, June 5, 1939 Asterina cephea (Muller and Troschel) (1 specimen). Asterias cephea (Valenciennes, MS.) Muller Saipan, lagoon west of the island, P. E. and Troschel, System der Asteriden, p. 41, Cloud, Jr., April 27, 1949 (1 specimen); April 1842 (Batavia [Djakarta], Java). 27 and May 13, 1949 (5 specimens); May 6, 1949 (1 specimen). LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands, Onatoa Atoll, G.O.C-51 (4 specimens, one 4-rayed). Linckia laevigata (Linne) Okinawa, reef off Odomari, A. R. Loeblich, Jr., June 12, 1945 (1 specimen). Asterias laevigata Linne, Systema narurae, ed. Seleo Island, about 5 miles off the northern 10, vol. 1, p. 662, No.8, 1758 (Mediter­ New Guinea coast at Aitape, about midway ranean and Indian Seas). between Hollandia and Wewak, coral reef, LOCALITIES: Marshall Islands, Bikini Atoll, Capt, Marvin Clinton Meyer (3 specimens). Bikini Island, from shore (coral head) in Bi­ Genus PATIRIELLA Verrill kini lagoon near Bikini Island, depth 40 feet, J. P. E. Morrison, March 13, 1946 (1 spec- Patiriella exigua (Lamarck) imen). . Asterias exigua Lamarck, Histoire naturelle des Gilbert Islands, Onatoa Atoll, G.O.C-39 animaux sans vertebres, vol. 2, p. 554 (Seas (1 specimen). of America,etc.). Guam, Oca Point, David H. Johnson, May-June, 1945 (16 specimens); D. G. Frey, LOCALITIES: , Manus, D. November, 1945 (2 specimens). G. Frey, January 12, 1946 (15 specimens). Solomon Islands, New Georgia, Wilfred Seleo Island, about 5 miles off the northern G. Iltis (5 specimens, one of them 6-rayed). New Guinea coast at Aitape, about midway New Caledonia (1 specimen). between Hollandia and Wewak, coral reef, Capt. Marvin Clinton Meyer (7 specimens). Family ASTEROPIDAE Genus DISASTERINA Perrier Genus ASTEROPE Muller and rroschel Disasterina spinulifera H. 1. Clark Asterope carinifera (Lamarck) Disasterina spinulifera H. 1. Clark, Mus. Com­ par. Zoo1., Mem. 55: 156, pI. 22, fig. 6, Asterias carinifera Lamarck, Histoire naturelle 1938 (Broome, Western Australia). ' des animaux sans vertebres, vol. p. 556, 2, LOCALITY: Saipan, lagoon west of the is- 1816 (voyage of Peron and Lesueur). larid, P. E. Cloud, Jr., May 4, 1949 (1 LOCALITIES: Fiji, Mukuluva reefs (1 spec- specimen). imen). Family ECHINASTERIDAE Guam, Oca Point, David H. Johnson, May, 1945 (1 specimen). Genus OTHILIA Gray Seleo Island, about 5 miles off the northern Othilia luzonica Gray coast of New Guinea at Aitape, about mid­ way between Hollandia and Wewak, coral Othilia lu;zonica Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. reef, Capt. Marvin Clinton Meyer (1 spec­ Hist. 6: 282, 1840 (Isle of Luzon, Philip­ imen). pines) . Indo-Pacific Echinoderms - CLARK 259

LOCALITIES: Marshall Islands, Ailuk Atoll, Canton Island, Charles A. Ely, 1942 (1 near outer edge of seaward reef, leeward side specimen). of Ailuk Island, near west end of island, F. S. MacNeil, 1951-52 (1 specimen). Ophiothrix trilineata Lutken Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, lagoon, A. Ophiothrix trilineata Lutken, Additamenta ad H. Banner, July, 1951 (1 specimen). historiam Ophiuridarum, part 3, pp. 58, Palmyra Island (2 specimens). 100, 1869 (Samoan Islands). Saipan, lagoon west of the island, P. E. Cloud, Jr., May 13, 1949 (1 specimen). LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, G.O.e.-51 (6 specimens). Family ACANTHASTERIDAE Tuamotus, Morrison, 1920 (1 specimen). Genus ACANTHASTER Gervais Ophiothrix picteti de Loriol Acanthaster planci (Linne) Ophiothrix picteti de Loriol, Rev. Suisse de Asterias planci Linne, Systema naturae, ed. 10, . Zool. 1.: 423, pI. 15, figs. 3-3e (Amboina). p. 823, Appendix, 1758 (Goa [Portuguese LOCALITY: Canton Island, lagoon, in coral, India]) . Charles A. Ely, January, 1942 (2 specimens). LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, Ophiothrix demessa Lyman G.O.e.-36 (1 specimen). Tuamotus, Morrison, 2236 (i specimen). Ophiothrix demessa Lyman, Boston Soc. Nat. New Caledonia (2 specimens). Hist., Proc. 8:82, 1861 (Sandwich [Ha­ waiian] and Gilbert [Kingsmill] Islands). Class 0 PHI U R 0 IDE A LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoil, Family OPHIACTIDAE G.O.e.-30 (2 specimens); exact locality lost, A. H. Banner (1 specimen). Genus OPHIACTIS Lutken Ophiactis savignyi (Muller and Troschel) Ophiothrix longipeda (Lamarck) Ophiolepis savignyi Muller and Troschel, Sys­ Ophiura longipeda Lamarck, Histoire natureUe tem der Asteriden, p. 95, Species 12, 1842 des animaux sans vertebres, vol. 2, p. 544, (Egypt). 1816 (Mauritius). LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, LOCALITY: Saipan, lagoon north of Matuis Banner, B-4, in old heads (9 specimens). Beach, 'northwestern Saipan, P. E. Cloud, Jr., Tuamotus, Morrison, 2122 (1 specimen). December 12, 1948 (1 specimen).

Family OPHIOTRICHIDAE Family OPHIOCHITONIDAE Genus OPHIOTHRIX Muller and Troschel Genus OPHIONEREIS Lutken Ophiothrix propinqua Lyman Ophionereis porrecta Lyman Ophiothrix propinqua Lyman, Boston Soc. Nat. Ophionereis porrecta Lyman, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 8: 83, 1861 (Kingsmill [Gil­ Hist. Proc. 7: 260, 1860 (?Florida). bert] Islands). LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, LOCAUTIES: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, G.O.e.-51 (3 specimens). G.O.e.-35 (2 specimens); G.O.e.-36 (1 Saipan, lagoon west of the island, P. E. specimen); G.O.e.-51 (3 specimens). Cloud, J r., May 4, 13, 1949 (9 specimens). 260 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. VIII, July, 1954

Family OPHIOCOMIDAE Cloud, Jr., May 13, 1949 (1 specimen); on Tanapag reef, P. E. Cloud, Jr., April 29, 1949 Genus OPHIOCOMA 1. Agassiz (3 specimens). Ophiocoma anaglyptica Ely Ophiocoma schoenleinii Muller Ophiocoma anaglyptica Ely, Wash. Acad. Sci. and Troschel Jour. 34(11): 373, fig. 1, 1944 (Canton Island, reef). Ophiocoma schoenleinii Muller and Troschel, System der Asteriden, p. 99, 1842 (India). LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, G.O.C-30 (1 specimen); G.O.C-32 (4 LOCALITY: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, specimens) . G.O.C-41 (2 specimens).

Ophiocoma scolopendrina (Lamarck) Ophiocoma pica Muller and Troschel Ophiura scolopendrina Lamarck, Histoire na­ Ophiocoma pica Muller and Troschel, System turelle des animaux sans vertebres, vol. 2, der Asteriden, p. 101, 1842 (locality un­ p. 544, 1816 (Mauritius). known). LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, G.O.C-41 (2 specimens); G.O.C-51 (9 exact locality lost, Banner (1 specimen). specimens); Banner,A-l,A-2 (13 specimens); Tuamotus, Morrison, 1994 (1 specimen). Banner, exact locality lost (2 specimens). Tuamotus, Morrison, 1879 (1 specimen); Ophiocoma brevipes Peters 1994 (1 specimen); 2185 (12 specimens); 2252 (1 specimen); 2254 (2 specimens). Ophiocoma brevipes Peters, Preuss. Akad. der Fiji, Mukuluva reefs, June 12-16, 1922 (26 Wiss., Ber. 1851: 466 (Mozambique; Que­ specimens); reef east of Mukuluva, June 14, rimba Island). 1922 (3 specimens). LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, Guam, Oca Point, D. G. Frey, November G.O.C-24 (1 specimen); G.O.C-30 (1 1945 (2 specimens); January 1946 (2 spec­ specimen). imens). Tuamotus, Morrison, 1920 (1 specimen). Saipan, lagoon west of the island, P. E. Fiji, Mukuluva reefs (2 specimens). Cloud, Jr., April 19, 1949 (2 specimens). Netherlands New Guinea, Amsterdam Is- Solomon Islands, New Georgia, Lt. Wil­ land, about 5 miles north of Sansapor, Lt. liam A. Bartos, 1944 (2 specimens). George H. Penn, August 15 to October 3, New Guinea, J. E. Hadley (15 specimens). 1944 (1 specimen). Ophiocoma erinaceus Muller and Troschel Ophiocoma sp. Ophiocoma erinaceus Muller and Troschel, Sys­ LOCALITY: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, tem der Asteriden, p. 98, 1842 (Red Sea; G.O.C-26 (1 specimen). Indian Ocean). LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, Genus OPHIOCOMELLA A. H. Clark G.O.C-24 (8 specimens); G.O.C-30 (9 Ophiocomella c1ippertoni A. H. Clark specimens); G.O.C-36 (5 specimens). Tuamotus, Morrison, 1920 (6 specimens); Ophiocomella clippertoni A. H. Clark, Smithsn. 2040 (1 specimen). Inst., Mise. Collect. 98(11): 7, pl. 1, figs. Saipan, lagoon west of the island, P. E. 1,2 (as O. parva) , 1939 (Clipperton Island). Indo-Pacific Echinoderms - CLARK 261

sapor, Lt. George H.' Penn, August 15 to LOCALITY: Saipan, lagoon west of the is­ October 3, 1944 (1 specimen). land, P. E. Cloud, Jr., May 13, 1949 (4 specimens) . Genus OPHIARTHRUM Peters Genus OPHIOMASTIX Muller and Troschel Ophiarthrum elegans Peters Ophiomastix mixta Lutken Ophiarthrum elegans Peters, Preuss. Akad. der Wiss., Ber. 1851: 463 (Querimba Island). Ophiomastix mixta Lutken, Additamenta ad historiam Ophiuridarum, pt. 3, pp. 42, 99, LOCALITIES: Saipan, lagoon west of the is­ 1869 (Samoa and Fiji). land, P. E. Cloud, Jr., May 13, 1949 (1' specimen). LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, Fiji, Mukuluva reefs, June 8, 1922 (6 G.O.C-24 (1 specimen); G.O.C-36 (1 spec­ specimens) . imen); G.O.C-51 (1 specimen). Saipan, lagoon west of the island, P. E. Ophiarthrum pictum (Muller and Troschel) Cloud, Jr., March 7, 1949 (2 specimens). Ophiocoma picta Muller and Troschel, System Fiji, reef east of Mukuluva, June 14, 1922 der Asteriden, p. 102, 1842 Oava). (1 specimen). LOCALITY: Guam, Oca Point, D. G. Frey; Ophiomastix bispinosa H. 1. Clark November, 1945 (2 specimens).

Ophiomastix bispinosa H. 1. Clark, Mus. Com­ Family OPHIODERMATIDAE par. Zoo1., Bul. 61 (12): 442, pI. 2, figs. 1, 2, 1917 (Paumotu [Tuamotu] Islands, Genus OPHIARACHNELLA Ljungman Makemo). . Ophiarachnella gorgonia (Muller LOCALITY: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, and Troschel) Banner, B-1 (1 specimen). Ophiarachna gorgonia Muller and Troschel, System der Asteriden, p. 105, 1842 (lo­ Ophiomastix notabilis H. 1. Clark cality unknown). Ophiomastix notabilis H. 1. Clark, Mus. Com­ LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, par. Zool., Mem. 55': 337, fig. 27, 1938 G.O.C-30 (1 specimen). (Cape Leveque, Western Australia). Guam, Oca Point, D. G. Frey, November, LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands, Onotoa Atoll, 1945 (1 specimen). G.O.C-35 (1 specimen); G.O.C-51 (2 Ophiarachnella infernalis (MUller specimens). and Troschel) Saipan, lagoon west of the island, P. E. Cloud, Jr., May 13, 1949 (1 specimen). Ophiarachna infernalis Muller and Troschel, System der Asteriden, p. 105, 1842 (Indian Ophiomastix annulosa (Lamarck) Ocean). Ophiura annulosa Lamarck, Histoire naturelle LOCALITY: Guam, Oca Point, D. G. Frey, des animaux sans vertebres, vol. 2, p. 543, November, 1945 (4 specimens). 1816 (from the voyage of Peron and Genus OPHIOPEZELLA Ljungman Lesueur). Ophiopezella spinosa (Lungman) LOCALITY: Netherlands New Guinea, Am­ sterdam Island, about 5 miles north of San- Ophiarachna spinosa Ljungman, Gfvers. K. 262 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. VIII, July, 1954

Vetensk. Akad. F6rhandl., vol. 23, part 6, ATOLLS AND ISLANDS AT WHICH COLLECTIONS p. 305, 1867 (F?ua). WERE MADE, WITH THE SPECIES COLLECTED AT EACH LOCALITIES: Gilbert Islands;Onotoa Atoll, G.O.C-30 (1 specimen); G.O.C-51 (5 ADMIRALTY ISLANDS, Manus: Patiriella exigua. specimens). FI]I ISLANDS: Fromia balansae, Asterope carini­ Saipan, lagoon west of the island, P. E. fera, Ophiocoma scolopendrina, Ophiocoma Cloud, Jr., May 13, 1949 (1 specimen). brevipes, Ophiomastix mixta, Ophiarthrum ele­ gans, Ophiolepis cincta. Family OPHIOLEPIDIDAE GILBERT ISLANDS, Onotoa Atoll: Comaster Genus OPHIURA Lamarck gracilis, Comantheria polycnemis, Stephano­ metra indica protectus, Lamprometra palmata Ophiura kinbergi Ljungman palmata, Diadema paucispinum, Echinothrix Ophiura (vel Ophioglypha) kinbergi Ljungman, diadema, Tripneustes gratHla, Parasalenia bfvers. K. Vetensk. Aka:d. F6rhandl. 23: pohlii, Echinometra mathaei, Echinostrephus 166, 1866 (Sydney, New South Wales, aciculatus, Culcita novae-guineae, Fromia hemi­ Australia) . opIa, Fromia monilis, Gomophia egyptica, Linckia multifora, Linckia laevigata, Asterina LOCALITY: Tuamotus, Morrison, 2124 (1 cephea, Othilia luzonica, Acanthaster planci, specimen). Ophiactis savignyi, Ophiothrix propinqua, Genus OPHIOLEPIS Muller and Troschel Ophiothrix trilineata, Ophiothrix demessa, Oph;­ onereis porrecta, Ophiocoma anaglyptica, Ophi­ Ophiolepis cincta Muller and Troschel ocomascolopendrina, Ophiocoma erinaceus, Ophi­ ocoma schoenleinii, 'Ophiocoma pica, Ophioco­ Ophiolepis cincta Muller and Troschel, System ma brevipes, Ophiocoma sp., Ophiomastix der Asteriden, p. 90, 1942 (Red Sea). mixta, Ophiomastix bispinosa, Ophiomastix LOCALITIES: Fiji, Mukuluva reefs (1 spec­ notabilis, Ophiarachnella gorgonia, Ophiope­ imen). zelia spinosa, Ophioplocus imbricatus. Saipan, lagoon west of the island, P. E. HAWAllAN ISLANDS, Kauai: Colobocentrotus Cloud, Jr., April 19, 1949 (1 specimen). atratus. MARIANA ISLANDS, Guam: Stephanometra spi­ Genus OPHIOPLOCUS Lyrp.an cata, Eucidarismetularia, Echinothrix dia­ Ophioplocus imbricatus (Muller dema, Tripneustes gratHla, Echinometra ma­ and Troschel) thaei, Colobocentrotus mertensi, Heterocentrotus trigonarius, Metalia spatagus, Protoreaster· Ophiolepis imbricata MUller and Troschel, Sys­ nodosus, Culcita novae-guineae, Ophidiaster tem der Asteriden, p. 93, 1842 (Mauritius; ,pustulatus, Linckia laevigata, Asterope carini­ Timor). fera, Ophiocoma scolopendrina, Ophiarthrum LOCALITIES:. Gilbert Islands; Onotoa Atoll, pictum, Ophiarachnella gorgonia, Ophiarach­ G.O.C-30 (2 specimens). nella infernalis. Pagan Island: Colobocentrotus Canton Island, reef on the south side under mertensi [quoted from Nishiyama]. Rota stones, 3-4 feet, Charles A. Ely, October Island: Comatella maculata. Saipan: Echino­ 28, 1941. thrix diadema, Echinometra methaei, Colobo­ Seleo Island, about 5 miles off the northern centrotus mertensi, Heterocentrotus mammillatus, New Guinea coast at Aitape, about midway Fromia milleporella, Linckia multifora, Disas­ between Hollandia and Wewak, Capt. Marvin terina spmulifera, Othilia lu'Zonica, Ophiothrix Clinton Meyer (1 specimen). longipeda, Ophionereis porrecta, Ophiocoma Indo-Pacific Echinoderms - CLARK 263

scolopendrina, Ophiocoma erinaceus, Ophioco­ Culcita novae-guineae, Nardoa mollis, Ophi­ mella clippertoni, Ophiomastix rpixta, Ophio­ diaster graniftr, Asterope cariniftra, Asterina m{lstix notabilis, Ophiarthrum elegans, Ophio­ cephea, Patiriella exigua, Ophioplocus imbri­ pezella spinosa, Ophiolepis cincta. catus. MARSHALL ISLANDS, Ailuk Atoll: Echinothrix PALMYRA ISLAND: Tripneustes gratilla, Othilia diadema, Echinometra mathaei, Heterocentrotus luzonica. trigonarius, Laganum depressum, Cu!cita novae­ PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, Palawan: Lamprometra guineae, Fromia hemiopia, Othilia luzonica. palmata p!amata. Arno Atoll: Comanthus bennettii, Comanthus PHOENIX ISLANDS, Canton Island: Heterocen­ samoana, Comanthus parvicirra. Bikini Atoll: trotus trigonarius, Linckia multifora, Ophio­ Culcita novae-guineae, Linckia laevigata. Eni­ thrixpropinqua, Ophiothrixpicteti, Ophioplocus wetok Atoll: Echinometra mathaei, Linckia imbricatus. multifora. Kwajalein Atoll: Echinometra ma­ RYUKYU ISLANDS, Okinawa: Stephanometra thaei, Echinostrephus aciculatm, Heterocentrotus indica protectus, Echinometra mathaei, Pero­ trigonarius, Echinoneus cyclostomus. Lae Atoll: nella lesueuri, Asterina cephea. Echinometra mathaei, Heterocentrotus trigona­ SAMOA ISLANDS: Fromia balansae, Fromia pa­ rius. Likiep Atoll: Heterocentrotus trigonarius, cifica, Fromia monilis. Echinoneus cyclostomm, Metalia dicrana. Taka SAUDI ARABIA, Ras Tanura: Diadema setosum. Atoll: Echinometra mathaei, Clypeaster reti­ .SOLOMON ISLANDS, Bougainville: Echinothrix culatus, Laganum depressum, Echinoneus cy­ calamaris, Tripneustes gratilla, Echinometra clostomus, Brissus latecarinatus. Ujae Atoll: mathaei. New Georgia: Himerometra robus­ Echinometra mathaei, Echinostrephus acicula~ tipinna, Nardoa pauciforis, Linckia laevigata, tUJ, Clypeaster reticulatus, Echinoneus cyclo­ Ophiocoma scolopendrina. stomus, Linckia multifora. Ujelang Atoll: TUAMOTU ARCHIPELAGO: Eucidaris metitlaria, Echinometra mathaei, EchinQstrephus acicula­ Echinothrix diadema, Tripneustes gratilla, Pa- . tus, Laganum depressum, Fibularza ovulum, rasalenia piihlii, Echinometra mathaei, Echi­ Echinocyamus megapetalus, Echinoneus cyclo­ nometra mathaei var. oblonga, Colobocentrotus stomus, Brissus latecarinatus. Uterik Atoll: pediftr, Heterocentrotus trigonarius, Hetero­ Echinometra mathaei, Heterocentrotus trigo­ centrotus mammillatus, Laganum sp., Echi­ narius, Maretia ovata, Linckia multifora. noneus cyclostomus, Culcita novae-guineae, Wotho Atoll: Heterocentrotus trigonarius, La­ Ophidiaster perplexus sp. nov., Linckia multi­ ganum depressum, Fibularia australis, Fibularia fora,. Acanthaster planci, Ophiactis savignyi, ovulum, Echinocyamus megapetalus, Echinoneus Ophiothrix trilineata, Ophiocoma erinaceus, cyclostomus, Brissus latecarinatus, Linckia mul­ Ophiocoma pica, Ophiocoma brevipes, Ophiura tifora. kinbergi. NEW CALEDONIA: Comanthus bennettii, Phyl­ REFERENCES lacanthus imperialis, Mespilia globulus, Tri­ pneustesgratilla, Parasaleniapiihlii, Bchinomet­ CLARK, A. H. 1949. Ophiutoidea of the Ha­ ra mathaei, Heterocentrotuf mammillatus, Oy­ waiian Islands. Bernice B. Bishop Mus., Bu!. peaster latissimus, Laganum depressum, Metalia 195: 1-133. sternalis, Metalia spatagus, Archaster typicus, ---1952. Echinoderms from the Marshall Protoreaster nodosus, Culcita novae-guineae, Islands. U. S. Nat!. Mus., Proc. 102(3302): Fromia milleporella, Ferdina offreti, Nardoa 265-303. frianti, Linckia laevigata, Acanthaster planci. CLARK, H. 1. 1933. A handbook ofthe littoral NEW GUINEA: Ophiocoma scolopendrina. Am­ echinoderms of Puerto Rico and the other sterdam Island: Ophiocoma brevipes, Ophio­ West Indian islands. Scientific Survey of mastix annulosa. Sansapor: Echinometra ma­ Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Vol. 16, thaei. Seleo Island: Tripneustes gratilla, pt. 1. 147 pp., 7 pIs. New York Academy Echinometra mathaei, Protoreaster nodosus, of Sciences, New York.