DOCSLIB.ORG

The Fair Housing Act: Reviewing Efforts to Eliminate Discrimination and Promote Opportunity in Housing

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Fair Housing Act: Reviewing Efforts to Eliminate Discrimination and Promote Opportunity in Housing THE FAIR HOUSING ACT: REVIEWING EFFORTS TO ELIMINATE DISCRIMINATION AND PROMOTE OPPORTUNITY IN HOUSING HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON FINANCIAL SERVICES U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED SIXTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION APRIL 2, 2019 Printed for the use of the Committee on Financial Services Serial No. 116–12 ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 37–395 PDF WASHINGTON : 2019 VerDate Nov 24 2008 18:19 Sep 13, 2019 Jkt 095071 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 K:\DOCS\37395.TXT TERRI HOUSE COMMITTEE ON FINANCIAL SERVICES MAXINE WATERS, California, Chairwoman CAROLYN B. MALONEY, New York PATRICK MCHENRY, North Carolina, NYDIA M. VELA´ ZQUEZ, New York Ranking Member BRAD SHERMAN, California PETER T. KING, New York GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma WM. LACY CLAY, Missouri BILL POSEY, Florida DAVID SCOTT, Georgia BLAINE LUETKEMEYER, Missouri AL GREEN, Texas BILL HUIZENGA, Michigan EMANUEL CLEAVER, Missouri SEAN P. DUFFY, Wisconsin ED PERLMUTTER, Colorado STEVE STIVERS, Ohio JIM A. HIMES, Connecticut ANN WAGNER, Missouri BILL FOSTER, Illinois ANDY BARR, Kentucky JOYCE BEATTY, Ohio SCOTT TIPTON, Colorado DENNY HECK, Washington ROGER WILLIAMS, Texas JUAN VARGAS, California FRENCH HILL, Arkansas JOSH GOTTHEIMER, New Jersey TOM EMMER, Minnesota VICENTE GONZALEZ, Texas LEE M. ZELDIN, New York AL LAWSON, Florida BARRY LOUDERMILK, Georgia MICHAEL SAN NICOLAS, Guam ALEXANDER X. MOONEY, West Virginia RASHIDA TLAIB, Michigan WARREN DAVIDSON, Ohio KATIE PORTER, California TED BUDD, North Carolina CINDY AXNE, Iowa DAVID KUSTOFF, Tennessee SEAN CASTEN, Illinois TREY HOLLINGSWORTH, Indiana AYANNA PRESSLEY, Massachusetts ANTHONY GONZALEZ, Ohio BEN MCADAMS, Utah JOHN ROSE, Tennessee ALEXANDRIA OCASIO-CORTEZ, New York BRYAN STEIL, Wisconsin JENNIFER WEXTON, Virginia LANCE GOODEN, Texas STEPHEN F. LYNCH, Massachusetts DENVER RIGGLEMAN, Virginia TULSI GABBARD, Hawaii ALMA ADAMS, North Carolina MADELEINE DEAN, Pennsylvania JESU´ S ‘‘CHUY’’ GARCIA, Illinois SYLVIA GARCIA, Texas DEAN PHILLIPS, Minnesota CHARLA OUERTATANI, Staff Director (II) VerDate Nov 24 2008 18:19 Sep 13, 2019 Jkt 095071 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 K:\DOCS\37395.TXT TERRI C O N T E N T S Page Hearing held on: April 2, 2019 ..................................................................................................... 1 Appendix: April 2, 2019 ..................................................................................................... 57 WITNESSES TUESDAY, APRIL 2, 2019 Furth, Salim, Senior Research Fellow, Mercatus Center, George Mason Uni- versity ................................................................................................................... 11 Goldberg, Debby, Vice President, Housing Policy and Special Projects, Na- tional Fair Housing Alliance ............................................................................... 4 Hill, Cashuana, Executive Director, Greater New Orleans Fair Housing Ac- tion Center ............................................................................................................ 6 Johnson, Kierra, Deputy Executive Director, National LGBTQ Task Force ...... 8 Olsen, Skylar, Director, Economic Research, Zillow Group ................................. 9 APPENDIX Prepared statements: Furth, Salim ...................................................................................................... 58 Goldberg, Debby ............................................................................................... 75 Hill, Cashuana .................................................................................................. 108 Johnson, Kierra ................................................................................................ 118 Olsen, Skylar .................................................................................................... 124 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL SUBMITTED FOR THE RECORD Clay, Hon. Wm. Lacy: Written responses to questions for the record from Debby Goldberg .......... 130 Garcia, Hon. Jesu´ s ‘‘Chuy’’: 2013 Report of the Equal Rights Center and the National Council of La Raza entitled, ‘‘Puertas Cerradas Housing Barriers for Hispanics’’ ... 139 Porter, Hon. Katie: Written responses to questions for the record from Cashauna Hill ............. 170 Tlaib, Hon. Rashida: Detroit Free Press article entitled, ‘‘Few black people get home mortgages in Detroit, data show,’’ dated March 22, 2019 ............................................ 172 Dean, Hon. Madeleine: NPR article entitled, ‘‘For Low-Income Victims, Nuisance Laws Force Ultimatum: Silence Or Eviction,’’ dated June 29, 2016 ............................. 177 (III) VerDate Nov 24 2008 18:19 Sep 13, 2019 Jkt 095071 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 K:\DOCS\37395.TXT TERRI VerDate Nov 24 2008 18:19 Sep 13, 2019 Jkt 095071 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 K:\DOCS\37395.TXT TERRI THE FAIR HOUSING ACT: REVIEWING EFFORTS TO ELIMINATE DISCRIMINATION AND PROMOTE OPPORTUNITY IN HOUSING Tuesday, April 2, 2019 U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON FINANCIAL SERVICES, Washington, D.C. The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:05 a.m., in room 2128, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Maxine Waters [chair- woman of the committee] presiding. Members present: Representatives Waters, Maloney, Velazquez, Meeks, Clay, Scott, Green, Cleaver, Himes, Foster, Beatty, Heck, Vargas, Lawson, San Nicolas, Tlaib, Axne, Pressley, Ocasio-Cortez, Wexton, Lynch, Adams, Dean, Garcia of Illinois, Garcia of Texas, Phillips; McHenry, Wagner, Lucas, Posey, Luetkemeyer, Huizenga, Stivers, Barr, Tipton, Williams, Hill, Zeldin, Loudermilk, Davidson, Budd, Kustoff, Hollingsworth, Gonzalez of Ohio, Rose, Steil, Gooden, and Riggleman. Chairwoman WATERS. The Financial Services Committee will come to order. Without objection, the Chair is authorized to declare a recess of the committee at any time. Today’s hearing is entitled, ‘‘The Fair Housing Act: Reviewing Ef- forts to Eliminate Discrimination and Promote Opportunity in Housing.’’ I now recognize myself for 4 minutes for an opening statement. Good morning, everyone. Today, the committee convenes for a hearing on the Fair Housing Act to review efforts to eliminate dis- crimination and promote equal opportunity in housing. April is National Fair Housing Month, and last April marked the 50th anniversary of the Fair Housing Act, the landmark 1968 legis- lation that outlawed housing discrimination. But here we are 51 years after the Fair Housing Act became law and housing discrimi- nation remains a widespread problem in this country. According to the National Fair Housing Alliance, individuals filed 28,843 housing discrimination complaints in 2017. Under the Trump Administration, fair housing protections are under attack. In 2018, HUD Secretary Ben Carson halted implementation of the Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH) Rule, an impor- tant rule finalized by the Obama Administration that provides communities with greater clarity on how to help break down bar- riers to fair housing opportunity, including by providing local au- thorities with better data to analyze their housing needs. According to news reports, Secretary Carson proposed taking the words, ‘‘free (1) VerDate Nov 24 2008 18:19 Sep 13, 2019 Jkt 095071 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 K:\DOCS\37395.TXT TERRI 2 from discrimination,’’ out of HUD’s mission statement. He also re- portedly halted fair housing investigations and sidelined top advis- ers at HUD’s Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity. These are unprecedented attacks on fair housing and must not go unanswered. Let’s not forget that Donald Trump and his father were once charged with violating the Fair Housing Act for discrimi- nating against African-American and Puerto Rican renters. Given that Trump was engaged in housing discrimination himself, it is unsurprising that his Administration has been so hostile to fair housing protections. My bill, the Restoring Fair Housing Protections Eliminated by HUD Act, is designed to put protections that Ben Carson and the Trump Administration have diminished back in place. The legisla- tion requires HUD to implement the AFFH rule as soon as pos- sible, codifies HUD’s mission statement in statute, and requires HUD to reverse other harmful actions the Trump Administration has taken to weaken fair housing. It is also important to recognize that as technology has evolved, so, too, have the ways that Americans are searching for and finding housing. A recent study found that 73 percent of all renters use on- line platforms to find housing. Regulators must be proactive in scrutinizing online platforms where housing is advertised to ensure that the algorithms and targeting tools are not been utilized to dis- criminate against minority groups. It is a positive development that, following public pressure from advocates, HUD reversed its decision to halt its investigation into Facebook and allowed HUD’s Office of Fair Housing and Equal Op- portunity to charge Facebook with violating the Fair Housing Act. However, much more must be done to ensure that digital platforms are not being used for housing discrimination. So I look forward to discussing these matters with our panel of experts and hearing their insights on fighting discrimination and ensuring that there are fair housing opportunities for every Amer- ican. With that, I now recognize the ranking member of the com- mittee, Mr. McHenry, for 5 minutes for an opening statement. Mr. MCHENRY. Thank you, Chairwoman Waters. Achieving fairness in housing
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Race and Membership in American History: the Eugenics Movement
    Race and Membership in American History: The Eugenics Movement Facing History and Ourselves National Foundation, Inc. Brookline, Massachusetts Eugenicstextfinal.qxp 11/6/2006 10:05 AM Page 2 For permission to reproduce the following photographs, posters, and charts in this book, grateful acknowledgement is made to the following: Cover: “Mixed Types of Uncivilized Peoples” from Truman State University. (Image #1028 from Cold Spring Harbor Eugenics Archive, http://www.eugenics archive.org/eugenics/). Fitter Family Contest winners, Kansas State Fair, from American Philosophical Society (image #94 at http://www.amphilsoc.org/ library/guides/eugenics.htm). Ellis Island image from the Library of Congress. Petrus Camper’s illustration of “facial angles” from The Works of the Late Professor Camper by Thomas Cogan, M.D., London: Dilly, 1794. Inside: p. 45: The Works of the Late Professor Camper by Thomas Cogan, M.D., London: Dilly, 1794. 51: “Observations on the Size of the Brain in Various Races and Families of Man” by Samuel Morton. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, vol. 4, 1849. 74: The American Philosophical Society. 77: Heredity in Relation to Eugenics, Charles Davenport. New York: Henry Holt &Co., 1911. 99: Special Collections and Preservation Division, Chicago Public Library. 116: The Missouri Historical Society. 119: The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit, 1882; John Singer Sargent, American (1856-1925). Oil on canvas; 87 3/8 x 87 5/8 in. (221.9 x 222.6 cm.). Gift of Mary Louisa Boit, Julia Overing Boit, Jane Hubbard Boit, and Florence D. Boit in memory of their father, Edward Darley Boit, 19.124.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of Caste
    H STUDY OF CASTE BY P. LAKSHMI NARASU Author of "The Essence of Buddhism' MADRAS K. V. RAGHAVULU, PUBLISHER, 367, Mint Street. Printed by V. RAMASWAMY SASTRULU & SONS at the " VAVILLA " PRESS, MADRAS—1932. f All Rights Reservtd by th* Author. To SIR PITTI THY AG A ROY A as an expression of friendship and gratitude. FOREWORD. This book is based on arfcioles origiDally contributed to a weekly of Madras devoted to social reform. At the time of their appearance a wish was expressed that they might be given a more permanent form by elaboration into a book. In fulfilment of this wish I have revised those articles and enlarged them with much additional matter. The book makes no pretentions either to erudition or to originality. Though I have not given references, I have laid under contribution much of the literature bearing on the subject of caste. The book is addressed not to savants, but solely to such mea of common sense as have been drawn to consider the ques­ tion of caste. He who fights social intolerance, slavery and injustice need offer neither substitute nor constructive theory. Caste is a crippli^jg disease. The physicians duty is to guard against diseasb or destroy it. Yet no one considers the work of the physician as negative. The attainment of liberty and justice has always been a negative process. With­ out rebelling against social institutions and destroying custom there can never be the tree exercise of liberty and justice. A physician can, however, be of no use where there is no vita­ lity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Portrait of Political Discrimination Against Black People in America in 1960S As Reflected in the Novel Go Set a Watchman by Harper Lee
    Prologue : Journal of Language, Literature and Cultural Studies © Vol.5 No.1, February 2019 ISSN -p: 2460-4641 http://prologue.sastra.uniba-bpn.ac.id/index.php/jurnal_prologue/index THE PORTRAIT OF POLITICAL DISCRIMINATION AGAINST BLACK PEOPLE IN AMERICA IN 1960S AS REFLECTED IN THE NOVEL GO SET A WATCHMAN BY HARPER LEE ABSTRACT Anggita Nindya Sari1, Siti Hafsah2, Wahyuni3 There are objectives that become the purpose of this research: 1) to describe the factors cause the political discrimination against black people in America in 1960s as reflected in the novel Go Set A Watchman by Harper Lee and 2) to find the strategy of political discrimination against black people in America in 1960s portray in the novel Go Set A Watchman by Harper Lee. The theory used in this research is the Sociology of Literature and hegemony theory by Gramsci about dominance and direction/leadership and discrimination as supporting theory. The methodology employed is qualitative research which the researcher aims to study the the issue of political discrimination and the factors cause the political discrimination. In the process of collecting data, the researcher collected from primary and secondary data. The primary data is the story and relation issue in the novel which about the factors causing political discrimination and the strategy of political discrimination against black people in America in 1960s. The researcher concludes that the issue reflected in the novel, there are some factors causing the political discrimination against black people, they are dominance and direction/leadership which is the phase of hegemony. The strategy of political discrimination against black people are discrimination in accepting the equality as the opportunity in part of government agency, discrimination in sharing the responsibility of citizenship and discrimination of the rights to vote.
    [Show full text]
  • Confronting Academic Snobbery
    AUSTRALIAN UNIVERSITIES’ REVIEW Confronting academic snobbery Brian Martin & Majken Jul Sørensen University of Wollongong Snobbery in academia can involve academics, general staff, students and members of the public, and can be based on degrees, disciplines, cliques and other categories. Though snobbery is seldom treated as a significant issue, it can have damaging effects on morale, research and public image. Strategies against snobbery include avoidance, private feedback, formal complaints and public challenges. Introduction next to them in the lunch queue. Academics in the social sciences or humanities who work together with natural Story 1: scientists soon realise that what they are doing is not con- Academic speaking to a member of the public: ‘What sidered real science, just as sociologists using qualitative would you know about it?’ methods are treated as less scientific than those who use statistics. Scholars on short-term appointments are poten- Story 2: tial targets of academic snobbery from those with perma- A prominent researcher visited a university to give a nent jobs (DeSantis, 2011). public lecture. When a local teacher dared to ask a question, the visitor responded, ‘That was the wrong In this article, the authors introduce the topic of aca- question, from the wrong person, at the wrong time. demic snobbery, using stories to illustrate its different Better luck next time.’ forms. The authors’ special interest is in the seldom-inves- It is not unusual to hear people who have encountered tigated challenge of how to expose and oppose academic academics and the university environment telling about snobbery. the scorn coming down at them from above.
    [Show full text]
  • Conclusion 60
    Being Black, Being British, Being Ghanaian: Second Generation Ghanaians, Class, Identity, Ethnicity and Belonging Yvette Twumasi-Ankrah UCL PhD 1 Declaration I, Yvette Twumasi-Ankrah confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Table of Contents Declaration 2 List of Tables 8 Abstract 9 Impact statement 10 Acknowledgements 12 Chapter 1 - Introduction 13 Ghanaians in the UK 16 Ghanaian Migration and Settlement 19 Class, status and race 21 Overview of the thesis 22 Key questions 22 Key Terminology 22 Summary of the chapters 24 Chapter 2 - Literature Review 27 The Second Generation – Introduction 27 The Second Generation 28 The second generation and multiculturalism 31 Black and British 34 Second Generation – European 38 US Studies – ethnicity, labels and identity 40 Symbolic ethnicity and class 46 Ghanaian second generation 51 Transnationalism 52 Second Generation Return migration 56 Conclusion 60 3 Chapter 3 – Theoretical concepts 62 Background and concepts 62 Class and Bourdieu: field, habitus and capital 64 Habitus and cultural capital 66 A critique of Bourdieu 70 Class Matters – The Great British Class Survey 71 The Middle-Class in Ghana 73 Racism(s) – old and new 77 Black identity 83 Diaspora theory and the African diaspora 84 The creation of Black identity 86 Black British Identity 93 Intersectionality 95 Conclusion 98 Chapter 4 – Methodology 100 Introduction 100 Method 101 Focus of study and framework(s) 103
    [Show full text]
  • Constitutional Law--Equal Protection--Zoning--Snob Zoning: Must a Man's Home Be a Castle?
    Michigan Law Review Volume 69 Issue 2 1970 Constitutional Law--Equal Protection--Zoning--Snob Zoning: Must a Man's Home Be a Castle? Michigan Law Review Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Land Use Law Commons, Law and Race Commons, and the State and Local Government Law Commons Recommended Citation Michigan Law Review, Constitutional Law--Equal Protection--Zoning--Snob Zoning: Must a Man's Home Be a Castle?, 69 MICH. L. REV. 339 (1970). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr/vol69/iss2/7 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Michigan Law Review at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Law Review by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NOTES CONSTITUTIONAL LAW-EQUAL PROTECTION­ ZONING-Snoh Zoning: Must a Man's Home Be a Castle? It is a well-documented fact that a shortage in housing is one of the most critical problems confronting the United States in the 1970's.1 Neither is it a secret that the lack of decent housing strikes with particular intensity at the poor and the black and other minor­ ity groups. While the more affluent members of society are able to flee to the wide-open spaces of suburbia, the disadvantaged urban dweller can do little more than watch the central city decay and crumble around him. When, as one study has pointed out, ninety­ nine per cent of the vacant land of the twenty largest urban areas is located outside the central cities,2 this problem becomes crucial.
    [Show full text]
  • Reducing the Cost of Crime Free Alternative Strategies to Crime Free/Nuisance Property Ordinances in Illinois
    Reducing the Cost of Crime Free Alternative Strategies to Crime Free/Nuisance Property Ordinances in Illinois A Model Ordinance by Open Communities and The Sargent Shriver National Center on Poverty Law Reducing the Cost of Crime Free: Alternative Strategies to Crime Free/Nuisance Property Ordinances in Illinois In August 2013 the Sargent Shriver National Center on Poverty Law released The Cost of Being “Crime Free”: Legal and Practical Consequences of Crime Free Rental Housing and Nuisance Property Ordinances.1 This report outlined some of the real costs to local municipalities who enact these ordinances, including the serious fair housing implications of advancing and enforcing such laws. Reducing the Cost of Crime Free: Alternative Strategies to Crime Free/Nuisance Property Ordinances in Illinois responds to the growing recognition that these local ordinances may harm tenants and landlords, impede fair housing, and expose local governments to liability. It offers municipalities the tools necessary to create rental housing policies that value quality, safe rental housing while also protecting protected classes and respecting the rights of landlords and tenants. Both Open Communities and The Shriver Center are available to provide technical assistance to local municipalities in the drafting of these ordinances. Cover: Multifamily rental buildings left to right Evanston, Niles, Skokie, and Park Ridge: Photos by Brendan Saunders 1 http://povertylaw.org/sites/default/files/files/housing-justice/cost-of-being-crime-free.pdf OPEN COMMUNITIES AND THE SARGENT SHRIVER NATIONAL CENTER ON POVERTY LAW 1 Acknowledgements Open Communities and the Shriver Center would like to thank the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Fair Housing Initiatives Program, for its support of this project’s concept: to strengthen a municipality’s ability to provide for decent and safe rental housing in its jurisdiction while honoring the fair housing and due process rights of tenants.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix A: Statements of Interest and FRAP 29(A)(4)(A) Statements
    Appendix A: Statements of Interest and FRAP 29(a)(4)(A) Statements 1. National Housing Law Project The National Housing Law Project (NHLP) is a nonprofit organization that advances housing justice for poor people and communities, predominantly through technical assistance and training to legal aid attorneys and co-counseling on key litigation. NHLP works with organizers and other advocacy and service organizations to strengthening and enforce tenants’ rights, increase housing opportunities for underserved communities, and preserve and expand the nation’s supply of safe and affordable homes. In addition to various other publications and training materials, since 1981 NHLP has published HUD Housing Programs: Tenants’ Rights. Commonly known as the “Greenbook,” this volume—now on its fourth edition and regularly supplemented between editions—is known as the seminal authority on HUD tenants and program participants’ rights by tenant advocates and other housing professionals throughout the country. NHLP also coordinates the Housing Justice Network, a collection of over 1,000 legal services attorneys, advocates, and organizers from around the country. The network has actively shared resources and collaborated on important and complex housing law issues for over 40 years, including through a dynamic listserv, working groups, and a periodic national conference. NHLP has been specifically involved with the implementation of the Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH) regulation, including by providing training and developing AFFH materials as a subcontracting technical assistance provider for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). NHLP has also provided training and technical assistance to members of the Housing Justice Network and other stakeholders regarding 1 implementation of the AFFH Rule, including in-depth assistance to advocates in San Mateo County, California, who participated in that County’s regional Assessment of Fair Housing.
    [Show full text]
  • The Segregation of Opportunities (2005)
    University of Minnesota Law School Scholarship Repository Studies Institute on Metropolitan Opportunity 2005 The egS regation of Opportunities John Lukehart University of Minnesota Law School Tom Luce Jason Reece Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.umn.edu/imo_studies Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation John Lukehart, Tom Luce & Jason Reece, The Segregation of Opportunities (2005). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Minnesota Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Studies collection by an authorized administrator of the Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Segregation of Opportunities The Structure of Advantage and Disadvantage in the Chicago Region A Report of the Leadership Council for Metropolitan Open Communities John Lukehart Leadership Council for Metropolitan Open Communities Tom Luce Institute on Race and Poverty University of Minnesota Jason Reece Kirwan Institute on Race and Ethnicity The Ohio State University May 2005 Acknowledgements The Leadership Council for Metropolitan Open Communities would like to thank the many contributors to this report. First of all, we want to acknowledge the tremendous contributions made by folks at the Institute on Race and Poverty (IRP) at the University of Minnesota and the Kirwan Institute on Race and Ethnicity at Ohio State. Tom Luce, research director at IRP, did the lion’s share of identifying, collecting, and analyzing the data and developing the methods for presenting it in a meaningful and coherent way. Jason Reece, research associate at the Kirwan Institute, provided support in this effort. Myron Orfield, director at IRP, and john powell, director at the Kirwan Institute have provided essential guidance, as well as significant in-kind financial support, to make this study possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Girardian Reading of Khaled Hosseini's The
    PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI MIMETIC DESIRE AND SCAPEGOATING: GIRARDIAN READING OF KHALED HOSSEINI’S THE KITE RUNNER, A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS AND AND THE MOUNTAINS ECHOED A THESIS Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement to Obtain the Magister Humaniora (M.Hum.) Degree in English Language Studies by Ismiati 166332029 THE GRADUATE PROGRAM OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2020 i PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI MIMETIC DESIRE AND SCAPEGOATING: GIRARDIAN READING OF KHALED HOSSEINI’S THE KITE RUNNER, A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS AND AND THE MOUNTAINS ECHOED A THESIS by Ismiati 166332029 Approved by Paulus Sarwoto, Ph.D. Advisor Yogyakarta, 25 February 2020 ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI MIMETIC DESIRE AND SCAPEGOATING: GIRARDIAN READING OF KHALED HOSSEINI’S THE KITE RUNNER, A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS AND AND THE MOUNTAINS ECHOED A THESIS by Ismiati 166332029 Defended before the Thesis Committee And Declared Acceptable THESIS COMMITTEE Chairperson : Dra. Novita Dewi, M.S., M.A.(Hons.), Ph. D. ____________ Secretary : Paulus Sarwoto, Ph.D. ____________ Member : Dr. Tatang Iskarna ____________ Member : Dra. A.B. Sri Mulyani, M.A., Ph.D. ____________ Yogyakarta, 2020 The Graduate Program Director Sanata Dharma University Dr. G. Budi Subanar, S.J. iii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI STATEMENT OF WORK ORIGINALITY I honestly declare this thesis which I have written does not contain the phrases, sentences, or parts of the other people’s work except those cited in the quotations and references as a scientific paper should. I understand the full consequences including the degree cancellation if I took the other people’s work.
    [Show full text]
  • Radhakrishnan As Advocate of the Class/Caste System As a Universal Religio-Social System Author(S): Robert N
    Radhakrishnan as Advocate of the Class/Caste System as a Universal Religio-Social System Author(s): Robert N. Minor Source: International Journal of Hindu Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2 (Aug., 1997), pp. 386-400 Published by: Springer Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20106478 Accessed: 03-11-2019 14:07 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms Springer is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Journal of Hindu Studies This content downloaded from 130.56.64.29 on Sun, 03 Nov 2019 14:07:59 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Radhakrishnan as advocate of the class/caste system as a universal religio-social system Robert N. Minor On January 4,1943, Indian philosopher and statesman Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888-1975) in an address to the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute told his listeners: 'While the spirit of India can never die, the social institutions which do not embody it must be scrapped' (1943: 6). One of these social institutions, one might expect, would be the caste system. In his latter writings and speeches he would appear to speak as if there were no place for the caste system in India.
    [Show full text]
  • Racial Discrimination in Housing
    Cover picture: Members of the NAACP’s Housing Committee create signs in the offices of the Detroit Branch for use in a future demonstration. Unknown photographer, 1962. Walter P. Reuther Library, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University. (24841) CIVIL RIGHTS IN AMERICA: RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN HOUSING A National Historic Landmarks Theme Study Prepared by: Organization of American Historians Matthew D. Lassiter Professor of History University of Michigan National Conference of State Historic Preservation Officers Consultant Susan Cianci Salvatore Historic Preservation Planner & Project Manager Produced by: The National Historic Landmarks Program Cultural Resources National Park Service US Department of the Interior Washington, DC March 2021 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 1 HISTORIC CONTEXTS Part One, 1866–1940: African Americans and the Origins of Residential Segregation ................. 5 • The Reconstruction Era and Urban Migration .................................................................... 6 • Racial Zoning ...................................................................................................................... 8 • Restrictive Racial Covenants ............................................................................................ 10 • White Violence and Ghetto Formation ............................................................................. 13 Part Two, 1848–1945: American
    [Show full text]