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Thesis the Impact of (KRG) on the Relations Between Turkey and Iraq Available Online at www.ijcrr.in International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review ISSN 0976 – 4852 Thesis CrossRef DOI: https://doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr/2018/9/05/512 May, 2018|Volume 09|Issue 05| Section: Social Science The Impact of (KRG) on the Relations between Turkey and Iraq Since 2010 Halgr N. Tairo1, Prof. Dr. Celal Nazım İREM* 1Department of the Institute of Social Sciences The Political Sciences and International Relations *Thesis Advisor Accepted 2018-05-13 Abstract: The impact of KRG (Kurdish Regional Government) of Iraq on the relationships between Turkey and Iraq has been analyzed in this study. This study has examined the political relationship between Turkey, Iraq and KRG and the impact of economic relations on the political relations between Turkey, Iraq and KRG as well. The researcher has implemented the most applicable literature for collecting all the data which are belong to this research. This study used quantitative and qualitative methods in order to gather and examine information. Furthermore, this project has applied Neoliberal theory for analyzing data. A representative from Iraqi Kurdish representative in Erbil has been interviewed by the researcher in order to get benefit from his experience and knowledge concerning Turkish and Iraqi Kurdish relations. After finishing this project and analyzing the existing data with results the investigator determined that there is a strong bound between established literature and results. This study concludes that there is a strong relationship between Turkey and KRG in last decade. In contrast, the relationships of Turkey and Iraq have gotten worse due to KRG and Turkey relations since 2010. One of the most efficacious factors which influence positively on the relationship between Turkish and KRG are the business interchanging including trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Key words: Turkey, Iraq, KRG, relationship, economy and FDI. Introduction: This thesis is aim at examining the political and has established its own government. What is economic relationship among Turkey, Iraq and striking is that KRG has grown so fast, acting Kurdish Regional Government [KRG] of Iraq. It like a state, particularly in political and has been observed that Kurds in Iraq, since 2003, economic aspects with Turkey. For instance, the International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review, Vol. 9, Issue. 05, Page no: SS 20460-20471 doi: https://doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr/2018/9/05/512 Page | 20460 Halgr N. Tairo et al. The Impact of (KRG) on the Relations between Turkey and Iraq Since 2010 trade between Turkey and KRG reached more country during the FDI can attainment their than $8 billion in 2014. This is a new weaker categories and increase their productivity development because before 2007 Turkey by getting necessary knowledge and approach to defined KRG as a national security threat and best accessible technology. This means both that have to be dealt by the military. Besides, so countries the host country and home country are most Iraqi Kurdish politicians or leaders were evenly get advantage from FDI. Secondly, as the seen as terrorism supporters or sympathizers by country implements their resources in a most Turkey. Everything has been changed since 2008 desirable way the challenging among the markets from political threat, national security threat and would be cultivated. Thirdly, by having FDI economic sanctions to open trade and political between countries the rate of unemployment cooperation. would be decreased. Kurdistan Ministry of Trade A brief comparative of economic and political & Industry Website (2010) declared that thanks to Turkish business companies, the rate of relations pre-and post-Baath regime among Iraq, Turkey and KRG will be analyzed by the unemployment of Kurdish people in Iraq had researcher. Followed by, past and present been decreased since 2010 because there were economic and political relationships between more than 730 Turkish business companies had Turkey and Iraq specifically. Finally, it will been registered in 2010 in the Kurdistan Region. identify the influence and importance of political According to Kurdistan Ministry of Trade and and economic relationship between Turkey and Industry reports (2013) since 2006, more than KRG pre-and post-Baath regime. 14$ billion worth of FDI had increased in Iraqi Kurdish Region, according to official figure in The main goal of this dissertation is to explore 2013 that there were 2300 foreign companies the impact of political and economic relations were working in Iraqi Kurdish Region and between Turkish government and KRG on the regarding trade and Investment Turkish relationship between Turkey and Iraq since 2010. companied had gotten first in the top list because This will be realized by: the number of Turkish companies were 485 in 2009 while in 2013 out of 2300 foreign Investigating how the recent relationship companies it was around 1500 Turkish among Iraq, KRG and Turkish companies in KRG. All the same, this figure government can be characterized by shows that 80 % of goods are made by Turkish looking at existing data. companies in Iraqi Kurdish Region. For the more Examining to what point the business evidence of these impacts Sinan Çelebi, the KRG interchange has impacted on the political Minister of Trade and Industry declared that “In relationship among Turkish government, 2009, trade volume between Turkey and the Iraqi government and KRG. Kurdistan Region totaled around $4 billion. In Appraising the influence of trade and 2012, that number was $8.4 billion.”. on the investment in improvement of the other hand, the estimated share of export political and economic relations between between Turkey to Iraq was $11.9 billion in both goverments (Turkey and KRG) since 2013 and out of $11.9 billion there was $8 2010. billion from KRG. Before KRG face financial The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) crises the estimated volume of trade between on Economic and Political International Turkey and Iraqi Kurdistan Region was 8$ Relations: billion in 2013 (Rudaw,2017). The impacts of FDI has the significantly impact “The Turkish government wants to develop its on both targeting countries. Firstly, the host relations with the Kurdistan Region and that is International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review, Vol. 9, Issue. 05, Page no: SS 20460-20471 doi: https://doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr/2018/9/05/512 Page | 20461 Halgr N. Tairo et al. The Impact of (KRG) on the Relations between Turkey and Iraq Since 2010 also the wish of the KRG,” Falah Mustafa the (Bozcali, 2008). Many things had changed in Head of Foreign Relations Office in KRG said in 2003, Saddam Hussein regime fall down and the his interview with Rudaw (2017). economic and political relationships between All the same, Thanks to FDI, Turkey and Iraqi Iraq and others countries especially Middle East Kurdish Region become partners in economic have been influenced by the events (Blanchard et relations and also has a significant impact on al, 2010). their political relationships as well. However, the Turkey takes a good role in constructing Iraq in estimated share of export and import among the way of rebuilding and developing country Turkey, Iraq and KRG since 2013 has not been and has a big impact on Iraqi government. announced because of several reasons. Firstly, Therefore, Turkey carried off getting auxiliary KRG faced financial crisis after arriving ISIS. and commitment from the Iraqi government to Secondly, due to the disagreements between get rid of PKK. In 2008, the Turkish Prime Iraqi government and KRG regarding increasing Minister met the Iraqi Prime Minister in Iraq in 4% of total budget from Iraqi government to order to develop economic relations. KRG from 13% to 17%, Iraq was not agreed to Furthermore, in 2009, Turkey and Iraq marked approve their request and Iraqi parliament did announcement of understanding on technical, not give any budget to KRG since 2013 scientific collaboration and military preparation (Kurdistan Region, 2013). Therefore, Iraq led the (Blanchard et al, 2010). Over all, the relationship KRG to think about having FDI without the between both states has been developed and the authority of Iraq because of that KRG was cooperation between Iraq and Turkey is obliged to export oil directly from Kurdish expanding economically and politically. region to foreign companies. The influence of Political Relationship on Past and Present Economic and Political Turkey and KRG Government pre-and post- Relationships between Turkey and Iraq: Baath Regime: Bozcali (2008) declared that the relationships After the downfall of Saddam Hussein’s regime between Turkey and Iraq developed and the trade in 2003 the Kurd in northern Iraq took a part on between both governments reached a remarkable diplomatic negotiations superior to the level in 1970s. Before Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait, Transitional Administrative Law and driven to Turkey and Iraq were the greatest trade partners. attain Kurdistan official identification as a Moreover, Turkey and Iraq opened Kerkuk oil governmental and federative entity. The pipeline in 1976 and their relations progressed. relationship between both governments was In 1990, the economic political relationships changing for the worse as Turkey blamed KRG between Turkey and Iraq advanced more and for being a partner to PKK. While the tightness both governments successfully kept up strong between both sides’ starts up in 2007 and economic ties in order to get benefit from each brought international
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