DOCSLIB.ORG

Geology and Offshore Resources of the Solomon Islands, Joint Cruise Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

GEOLOGY AND OFFSHORE RESOURCES OF THE SOLOMON ISLANDS JOINT CRUISE REPORT • R/V S. P. LEE 1982 , Editors J. G. Vedder and K. S. Pound 1984 U.S. Geological Survey 345 Middlefield Road ~nlo Park california 94025 U.S.A. '!'ABLB OF COIfl'BHTS Introduction to Geology and Offshore Resources of the Solomon Islands J. G. Vedder, F. I. Coulson 1 PART 1 Navigation for CCOP!SOPAC Cruise, Leg 3, Solomon Islands W. C. Steele, K. L. Kinoshita 17 Submarine Topography of the Solomon Islands Region T. E. Chase, B. A. Seekins, K. E. Lund 18 Single-Channel Seismic, Uniboom, and 3.5-kHz Systems Used in Solomon Islands D. L. Tiffin .20 Multichannel Seismic Operations for CCOP/SOPAC Cruise, Leg 3, Solomon Islands D. M. Mann 22 Wide-Angle Seismic Reflection and Refraction Data from the Solomon Islands A. K. cooper, R. A. Wood 24 Sampling Methods, Solomon Islands J. B. Colwell, J. G. Vedder 30 PART 2 Geology of the central and western Solomon Islands F. I. Coulson, J. G. Vedder 36 Correlation of Rock Units in the Solomon Islands K. S. Pound 67 Regional Offshore Geology of the Solomon Islands J. G. Vedder, F. I. Coulson 76 Tectonics of the Southeastern Solomon Islands: Formation of the Malaita Anticlinorium L. W. Kroenke, J. M. Resig, P. A. Cooper 88 Tectonic Implications of Seismicity Northeast of the Solomon Islands P. A. cooper, L. W. Kroenke, J. M. Resig 95 Gravity Anomalies of the Solomon Islands Between 1560 and 161°E Longitude L. A. Beyer 101 ii Crustal Structure of the Solomon Islands Intra-Arc Basins from Sonobuoy seismic studies A. K. Cooper; T. R. Bruns, R. A. Wood 112 Deep Structure of the central and Southern Solomon Islands Region: Implications for Tectonic Origin A. K. Cooper, M. S. Marlow, T. R. Bruns 127 seismic Stratigraphy and Structure of sedimentary Basins in the Solomon Islands Region T. R. Bruns, A. K. Cooper, D. M. Mann, J. G. Vedder 142 Description and Interpretation of Dredged Rocks, Solomon Islands J. B. Colwell, J. G. Vedder 168 PrelLminary Descriptions of Gravity Cores from New Georgia Sound J. B. Colwell 177 Recent Depositional Patterns in the central Solomons Trough of the Solomon Islands J. B. Colwell, D. L. Tiffin 178 Foraminiferal Stratigraphy and paleobathymetry of Dredged Rock, R/V s. P. Lee Cruise, Solomon Islands J. M. Resig 184 Elevation of the Pacific Province, Solomon Islands, at the Pacific and Indo- Australia Plate Boundary J. M. Resig, L. W. Kroenke, P. A. Cooper 188 Source-Rock Evaluation of OUtcrop Samples from Guadalcanal, Malaita, and the Florida Islands, Solomon Islands B. Buchbinder, R. B. Halley 195 Offshore Petroleum Potential, Solomon Islands J. G. Vedder, T. R. Bruns 202 Summary of the Geology and Offshore Resources of the Solomon Islands J. G. Vedder 214 iii IN'l'RODDCTION TO GEOLOGY AND OFFSHORE RB$CXlRCKS OF THE SO:t.C:K)N ISLANDS J. G. vedder U. S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, 94025 F. r, Coulson Institute of Geological Sciences, Nicker Hill, Keyworth, Notts, England PURPOSEANDSCOPE This report is intended to serve a dual purpose: to review the geology of the Solomon Islands and to present new findings from a multinational marine surv-ey in 1982•.. ,A brief summary of geography •. hiStory, and culture proVides additional background on the physical features of the islands as well as their socia-political aspects. A two-part format is used for the entire report. The first part consists of general descriptions of shipboard operations, data acquisition and processing, analytical methods and tabular material. Large bathymetric maps that accompany the first part are included in a separate packet. The second part contains topical and interpretive papers. Because each contribution to the second part is intended to stand alone, some background information reappears throughout, particularly that concerning regional tectonics. Collectively, these reports are a direct outgrowth of a program of marine geoscience and mineral resource investigations arranged under the auspices of the ANZUs (Australia, New Zealand, United States) Tripartite Agreement with CCQP/SOPAC(United Nations Committee for the Coordination of Joint Prospecting for Mineral Resources in South Pacific Offshore Area). The U.S. Department of State was instrumental in negotiating the agreement and establishing the sup- port for cooperative research. Funding for implementation and operation was ?rovided by the Office of Energy of the United States Agency for International Development (AID). Additional funds were furnished by the Australian govern- ment. The various facets of research were coordinated by the office of CCOP/SOPACin FiJi. Scientific personnel were supplied by the U.S. Geological Survey, Australia, New Zealand, and other CCOP/SOPACmember nations. The investigations were made aboard the U.S. Geological Survey R/V ~ l:!§. during 23 days at sea. The cruise began at Honiara, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands on May 19, 1982, and concluded at Rabaul, Papua NewGuinea on June 11, 1982. The principal study area was the Central Solomons Trough; although additional tracklines were run across adjoining basins, intrarc ridges and flanking trenches in order to help resolve regional structure. Veddex , Coulson: Introduction 1 GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY ANDCULTURE Geographically, the northwest-trending Solomon Islands archipelago (Fig. 1) stretches across more than 900 km of the southwestern Pacific OCean between 5"S and 11"s latitude, and 154"E and 163"E longitude. As a political eneiey, however, the Solomon Islands are spread over a considerably different area. The Eastern Outer Islands, which are geologically related to the Fiji Basin and the Vanuatu (formerly New Hebrides) archipelago, are governmentally managed by the Solomon Islands. Bougainville, which is geologically part of the Solomon Islands, is administered by Papua NewGuinea. Tectonically, the Soloman Islands form a segment of the Melanesian island-arc complex, which extends as a sinuous belt southeastward from the islands of the Admiralty Group in Papua New Guinea through Vanuatu and Fiji to Tonga and the Kerrnadec Islands. Names that have been applied to this region include Outer Melanesian Zone (Glaessner, 1950), Melanesian Re-entrant (Coleman, 1970), and Melanesian Borderlands (Coleman and Packham, 1976). The six large islands of Choiseul, New Georgia, Santa Isabel, r.uadalcanal, Malaita, and San Cristobal form two chains that are separated by cw Georgia Sound at the northwest and Indispensable Strait at; the south- east. Smaller islands within the double chain include Nggela (Florida Is-lands-), Russell Islands, Ulawa, and Uki. Each of the large islands is elo~- gate and oriented northwest except Guadalcanal, which is broadly sigmoidal and oriented nearly east-west; and Malaita, which has a north-northwest trend. The islands of the northeastern chain are arranged in a left-stepping echelon pattern. OUtlining the northwest end of NewGeorgia Sound are the Shortland Islands, the largest of which are Alu, Fauro, Mono, oveu , and Cerna. Nearly 400 Jan of open ocean separates the main islands from the Easeern OUter Islands, which include the santa Cruz group (Nendo, Vanikolo, Utupua, Reef Islands, Duff Islands). Still farther east are Tikopia, Anuta, and Fatutaka, which lie within the North Fiji Basin. None of these eastern islands are described in this report. The large atoll of Ontong Java is about 275 km north of santa Isabel, and remote Sikaiana is about 200 kJn east of northern Malaita. The low-lying islands of Bellona and Rennell are about 175 km south of GuadalcanaL Guadalcanal is the largest (-6,000 kJn2in area - 150 km long, 45 km wide) and highest (Mt. Makarakombuo, 2,447 m altitude) of the Solomon Islands. The total land area of the Solomons is estimated to be about 27,750 smz , The ••ndigenous population is approximately 235,000: a number that is expected to double by the year 2000. Most of the large islands have steep relief and are covered by tropical rain forest, except for the grasslands along the northern coastal belt on GuadalcanaL The archipelago is outside the usual hurricane belt and lies within a zone of oceanic equatorial climate, where temperatures usually range between 22" and 32"C and the humidity averages about 80 percent. Southeast tradewinds generally prevail between March and December. As much as 635 cm of rain per year falls on the southern coast of Guadalcanal (Hackman, 1980). Although sea and air services link the main islands, limited roads make travel on the islands difficult. Beyond the influence of the larger towns, Melanesian tribal culture dominates. The earliest inhabitants probably moved into the archipelago more than 3,000 years ago. First contact with Europeans was in February 1568 when a two-ship Spanish expedition under the commandof Alvara de Mendana de Neyra made landfall at Santa Isabel and spent the next six months exploring some of the larger islands. An attempt at colonization on a second voyage in 1595 Vedder, Coulson; Introduction 2 ended in failure when Mendana died, and the encampment at Graciosa Bay on Nendo was abandoned. Other early explorers were Quieros (1595-1606), Carteret ( 1767) , Bougainville ( 1768) , Surville ( 1769) , Short land ( 1788) , O'Entrecasteaux (1791), and La Perouse (1799). Visits by Europeans virtually ended until the period between 1840 and 1860, when the trochus shell and sandalwood trade, together with whaling, brought ships to the islands. The arrival of planters (after 1870), blackhirders (slavers) between 1850-1900, and missionaries (after 1850) had severe cultural impact on the native populace. Up to 1920, the population was sparse and actually declined in cer- tain areas as a result of blackbirding, introduced diseases, and tribal head- hunting. Since World War II, the number of Melanesians liVing in the islands has increased more than twofold. English and pisin (pidgin) are the languages commonly used although numerous dialects are spoken on individual islands.
Recommended publications
  • Superfly Report to IUCN Special Initiatives Grant

    Superfly Report to IUCN Special Initiatives Grant

    Superfly report to IUCN Special Initiatives Grant INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE 1 Superfly 12 month Report Introduction The International Union for the Conservation of Nature provided Superfly, Ltd. with a US$10,000 grant to create an enabling environment for bicycling in Solomon Islands rural areas. This is the 12-month completion report under this grant with updated 12-month sales figures and a final summary of the impact of te grant and the current state of cycling in the Solomon Islands. Cycling is a much needed land transport solution in rural areas. However, availability of bicycles is low, despite plenty of sealed roads and high quality gravel roads that exist throughout the country. Bicycles represent a fantastic transport solution for rural Solomon Islands people to save time, money, and both improve and maintain their fitness. Better transport means improved access to markets, employment opportunities, and services. Improving access to cycling in rural areas was the motivation and focus behind the grant. During the past six (6) months, Superfly was able to train five (5) rural bicycle mechanics from; Lata (Temotu Province), Kirakira (Makira Province), Ulawa Island (Makira Province), Hulavu (Guadalcanal Province) and Malu’u (Malaita Province). The mechanics each partook in a 5-day training course, during which they learned/brushed up on fundamental bicycle repair skills. All of the participants were of medium-to-advanced skill level and were enthusiastic participants. The list below shows the tasks that were covered during the training course: • Puncture and valve repair • Straighten derailleur hanger and tune gears • Adjust/tighten brakes • Lubricate brake and gear cables • True wheels • Remove and repair chains • Check tightness of all bolts and screws • Degrease and lubrication of drivetrain • Regrease bottom bracket • Provide training in basic inventory control It was originally envisaged that bicycle shops would remit monies back to Superfly and re-order via mobile banking.
  • An Otago Storeman in Solomon Islands

    An Otago Storeman in Solomon Islands

    AN OTAGO STOREMAN IN SOLOMON ISLANDS The diary of William Crossan, copra trader, 1885–86 AN OTAGO STOREMAN IN SOLOMON ISLANDS The diary of William Crossan, copra trader, 1885–86 Edited by Tim Bayliss-Smith Reader in Pacific Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK and Judith A. Bennett Professor of History, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Aotearoa Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://epress.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: An Otago storeman in Solomon Islands : the diary of William Crossan, copra trader, 1885-86 / edited by Tim Bayliss-Smith and Judith A. Bennett. ISBN: 9781922144201 (pbk.) 9781922144218 (ebook) Subjects: Crossan, William. Copra industry--Solomon Islands--History. Merchants--New Zealand--Biography. New Zealand--History--19th century. Solomon Islands--History--19th century. Other Authors/Contributors: Bayliss-Smith, Tim. Bennett, Judith A., 1944- Dewey Number: 993.02 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU E Press Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2012 ANU E Press Contents List of Figures ..................................... vii Acknowledgements .................................. ix Introduction: Islands traders and trading .................. 1 1. William Crossan ................................... 7 2. Makira islanders and Europeans ...................... 15 3. Chiefs and traders ................................. 27 4. Crossan’s Hada Bay Diary ........................... 37 Appendix 1. ‘My Dearest Aunt’ ......................... 85 Appendix 2.
  • RRP: Solomon Islands

    RRP: Solomon Islands

    Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors Sri Lanka Project Number: 41171-02 November 2010 Proposed Grant and Administration of Technical Assistance Grant Solomon Islands: Transport Sector Development Project CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 1 October 2010) Currency Unit – Solomon Islands dollar (SI$) SI$1.00 = $0.1264 $1.00 = SI$7.9094 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank CPIU – central project implementation unit MID – Ministry of Infrastructure Development NTF – National Transport Fund NTP – National Transport Plan PAM – project administration manual TA – technical assistance NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated. Vice-President C. Lawrence Greenwood, Jr., Operations 2 Director General R. Wihtol, Pacific Department (PARD) Director A. Iffland, Pacific Sector Operations , PARD Team leader D. Mizusawa, Infrastructure Specialist, PARD Team members R. Adhar, Senior Project Implementation Officer, PARD E. Brotoisworo, Principal Safeguards Specialist, PARD J. Ghimire, Counsel, Office of the General Counsel R. Guild, Principal Transport Specialist, PARD S. Lee, Senior Social Development Specialist, PARD D. Ling, Project Implementation Officer, PARD N. Sapkota, Safeguards Specialist, PARD Peer reviewer A. Ahonen, Transport Specialist, Central and West Asia Department In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. CONTENTS Page PROJECT AT A GLANCE MAP I. THE PROPOSAL 1 II. THE PROJECT 1 A. Rationale 1 B. Impact and Outcome 3 C. Outputs 3 D.
  • Remember We Are Not Managing the Ocean, but the Behavior of the People Who Use the Ocean! Presentationpresentation Outlineoutline

    Remember We Are Not Managing the Ocean, but the Behavior of the People Who Use the Ocean! Presentationpresentation Outlineoutline

    TOWARDS INTEGRATED NATIONAL OCEAN POLICY IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC: Solomon Islands. Competing & Conflicting Issues in Ocean Policy… Rudolf H. Dorah UN-The Nippon of Japan Foundation Fellow (2006-07 Remember we are not managing the ocean, but the behavior of the people who use the ocean! PresentationPresentation OutlineOutline 1. HOW FAR HAVE WE GONE SINCE UNCLOS & RIO? GLOBAL LEVEL PACIFIC CONTEXT Geographical Realities Political Realities Economic Realities Ocean Realities 2. TOWARDS INTEGRATED OCEAN POLICY: Conceptualization Rationale Objective 3. TOWARDS AN INTEGRATE REGIONAL OCEAN POLICY IN THE PACIFIC Development of the PIROP Evolution of the Policy? The Policy Environment Policy Process Major Principles Adopted Institutional Arrangements 4. DEVELOPMENT OF SOLOMON ISLAND NATIONAL OCEAN POLICY: ISSUES BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND UNCLOSUNCLOS UNCEDUNCED Relevant provisions of UNCLOS UNCED reinforces UNCLOS, related to Ocean Policy are: deals with new challenges, and also set new targets for states to accomplish including 1. Living Marine Resources: Part V (EEZ) Art 61-73, Part VII ( High Seas), Section 2, Art 116-120 & 1. Deals with Climate change Annex 1. ( Rights and Obligations 2. Support full ratification and of States, Annex 1 (types of highly implementation of UNCLOS migratory species) 3. Agenda 21, Ch 17, Sustainable 2. Non-Living Marine resources: Part Development (27 principles of XII, Protection and Preservation of sustainable development). Of the marine environment (12 Sec), particular relevance to this thesis is Sources of pollutions, Art 145 Chapter 17, programmes C and D of protection of the Environment Agenda 21 which specifically look at from the area. the sustainable use and resource management and conservation of marine resources.
  • Emergency Assistance Project

    Emergency Assistance Project

    Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors Project Number: 41105 June 2007 Proposed Asian Development Fund Grant Solomon Islands: Emergency Assistance Project CURRENCY EQUIVALENT (as of 12 June 2007) Currency Unit – Solomon Islands dollar/s (SI$) SI$1.00 = $0.1411 $1.00 = SI$7.0897 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank ADF – Asian Development Fund AusAID – Australian Agency for International Development EA – executing agency EARP – environmental assessment and review procedures EC – European Commission EMMP – environmental management and monitoring plan GDP – gross domestic product ICB – international competitive bidding IEE – initial environmental examination LBES – labor-based equipment supported MID – Ministry of Infrastructure Development NCB – national competitive bidding NDC – National Disaster Council NDMO – National Disaster Management Office NDP – National Disaster Plan NERRDP – National Economic Recovery, Reform, and Development Plan NGO – nongovernment organization NTF – National Transport Fund NTP – National Transport Plan NZAID – New Zealand Agency for International Development OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PCERP – Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project PMCBU – project management and capacity building unit RAP – recovery action plan SIEE – summary initial environmental examination SIRIP – Solomon Islands Road Improvement Project SOE statement of expenditures TA – technical assistance TAT – technical advisory team TTF – transport task force UNDAC – United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination Team UNDP – United Nations Development Programme UNOCHA – United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs NOTES (i) The fiscal year of the Government and its agencies ends on 31 December. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated. Vice President C. L. Greenwood Jr., Operations 2 Director General P. Erquiaga, Pacific Department (PARD) Director I.
  • Geological–Tectonic Framework of Solomon Islands, SW Pacific

    Geological–Tectonic Framework of Solomon Islands, SW Pacific

    ELSEVIER Tectonophysics 301 (1999) 35±60 Geological±tectonic framework of Solomon Islands, SW Paci®c: crustal accretion and growth within an intra-oceanic setting M.G. Petterson a,Ł, T. Babbs b, C.R. Neal c, J.J. Mahoney d, A.D. Saunders b, R.A. Duncan e, D. Tolia a,R.Magua, C. Qopoto a,H.Mahoaa, D. Natogga a a Ministry of Energy Water and Mineral Resources, Water and Mineral Resources Division, P.O. Box G37, Honiara, Solomon Islands b Department of Geology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK c Department of Civil Engineering and Geological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA d School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, 2525 Correa Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA e College of Oceanographic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA Received 10 June 1997; accepted 12 August 1998 Abstract The Solomon Islands are a complex collage of crustal units or terrains (herein termed the `Solomon block') which have formed and accreted within an intra-oceanic environment since Cretaceous times. Predominantly Cretaceous basaltic basement sequences are divided into: (1) a plume-related Ontong Java Plateau terrain (OJPT) which includes Malaita, Ulawa, and northern Santa Isabel; (2) a `normal' ocean ridge related South Solomon MORB terrain (SSMT) which includes Choiseul and Guadalcanal; and (3) a hybrid `Makira terrain' which has both MORB and plume=plateau af®nities. The OJPT formed as an integral part of the massive Ontong Java Plateau (OJP), at c. 122 Ma and 90 Ma, respectively, was subsequently affected by Eocene±Oligocene alkaline and alnoitic magmatism, and was unaffected by subsequent arc development.
  • Solomon Islands: Broadband for Development Project

    Solomon Islands: Broadband for Development Project

    Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors Sri Lanka Project Number: 44382 September 2012 Proposed Loan and Grant Solomon Islands: Broadband for Development Project CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 22 August 2012) Currency unit – Solomon Islands dollar/s (SI$) $1.00 = SI$6.99 SI$1.00 = $0.14 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank ADF – Asian Development Fund ANZ – Australia and New Zealand Banking Group CEO – chief executive officer GB – gigabyte (1GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes) Gbps – gigabits per second (1 Gbps = 1,000,000,000 bits per second) GDP – gross domestic product IRU – Indefeasible Right of Use Mbps – megabits per second (1 Mbps = 1,000,000 bits per second) PPC-1 – PIPE Pacific Cable 1 PSOD – Private Sector Operations Department SCS – submarine cable system SDR – special drawing right SOCC – Solomons Oceanic Cable Company NOTES (i) In this report, ―$‖ refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated. Vice-President S. Groff, Operations 2 Director General X. Yao, Pacific Department (PARD) Director I. Matsumoto, Urban, Social Development and Public Management Division, PARD Team leader H. van Rijn, Senior Public Management Specialist, PARD Team members M. Kunzer, Principal Environment Specialist, Regional and Sustainable Development Department (RSDD) T. Miyao, Procurement Specialist, Central Operations Services Office N. Sapkota, Social Safeguard Specialist, PARD J. Surtani, Senior Investment Specialist, Private Sector Operations Department J. Versantvoort, Senior Counsel, Office of the General Counsel J. Williams, Senior Environment Specialist, PARD Peer reviewer S. Yoon, Public Management Specialist (E-Governance), RSDD In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
  • A Revision of Boea (Gesneriaceae)

    A Revision of Boea (Gesneriaceae)

    EDINBURGH JOURNAL OF BOTANY Page1of 31 1 © Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (2017) doi: 10.1017/S0960428617000336 A REVISION OF BOEA (GESNERIACEAE) C. Puglisi1,2 &D.J.Middleton1 The genus Boea Comm. ex Lam. is revised. Eleven species are recognised, including the new species Boea morobensis C.Puglisi. A key is provided, all names are typified, and the species are described. Keywords. Australia, Loxocarpinae, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, taxonomy, Waigeo. Introduction Boea Comm. ex Lam. was first described in 1785 by Lamarck, based on material collected and named, but not published, by Commerson. Boea was the first Old World genus with a twisted capsule to be described, and as such, became the genus to which many new Southeast Asian species with a similar fruit type were ascribed. Most of these species are now assigned to a number of genera that have been distinguished from Boea (Puglisi et al., 2016). The correct spelling of the genus name has been rather problematic. In the protologue (Lamarck, 1785), the genus is written ‘Bœa’, but this appears to have been interpreted as ‘Bæa’ in the index of the same work. Although Lamarck gives no etymology, an annotation in an unknown hand on the Geneva duplicate of the type collection suggests that the genus is named for a Mlle Beau, the niece of a clergyman friend of Commerson. She is presumed to be the Mlle Beau who became Commerson’s wife. Clarke (1883) suggests that the genus name derives from a M. le Beau, Commerson’s wife’s brother, and that Commerson spelled the genus name ‘Bea’.
  • Soil Information, As ICSU World Data Centre for Soils

    Soil Information, As ICSU World Data Centre for Soils

    Scanned from original by ISRIC - World Soil Information, as ICSU World Data Centre for Soils. The purpose is to make a safe depository for endangered documents and to make the accrued information available for consultation, following Fair Use Guidelines. Every effort is taken to respect Copyright of the materials within the archives where the identification of the Copyright holder is clear and, where feasible, to contact the originators. For questions please contact soil.isricOwur.nl indicating the item reference number concerned. Land resources of the Solomon Islands Volume 6 Choiseul and the Shortland Islands i6"M^ A deep, well drained, reddish clay Tropohumult overlying finely banded Moli Sediments on Moli Island 1 I Land Resources Division Land resources of the Solomon Islands Volume 6 Choiseul and the Shortland Islands J R D Wall and J R F Hansell Land Resource Study 18 Land Resources Division, Ministry of Overseas Development Tolworth Tower, Surbiton, Surrey, England KT6 7DY 1976 THE LAND RESOURCES DIVISION me L.OIIU iicauuii/co uivtaiuii ui Li ic mil nau y ui uvci scaa L^cvciu|j||iei IL aaai3L3 ucvciupil ILJ countries in mapping, investigating and assessing land resources, and makes recommenda­ tions on the use of these resources for the development of agriculture, livestock husbandry and forestry; it also gives advice on related subjects to overseas governments and organisations, makes scientific personnel available for appointment abroad and provides lectures and training courses in the basic techniques of resource appraisal. The Division works in close co-operation with government departments, research institutes, universities and international organisations concerned with land resources assessment and development planning.
  • Chapter 1 Introduction

    Chapter 1 Introduction

    1 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Solomon Islands Solomon Islands Pidgin is a variety of Melanesian Pidgin currently estimated to be spoken by at least 420,000 people in the Solomon Islands, a nation whose population is about 500,000. Locally the language is known as Pijin and so I usually refer to it by this name throughout. The nation of Solomon Islands lies to the North-East of Australia. The capital, Honiara, is located at approximately longitude 160 degrees east and latitude 9 degrees south. Solomon Islands as a nation is a former British Protectorate that became independent in 1978. The indigenous population is mainly Melanesian with a few small Polynesian groups. Linguistically the nation is a complex mix of at least sixty Austronesian languages and half a dozen non-Austronesian (or Papuan) languages (Gordon 2005). I say ‘at least’ because that is the number reported by the Ethnologue, however, as an advisor to the 1999 Solomon Islands census I identified 123 language/dialect names. Eventually 93 language names were established for the census data collection. The languages so identified would not all be recognized as distinct languages by many linguists even though the speakers of these languages/dialects have some conception of their identity as varieties of languages. We can conclude that the Solomon Islands is a nation where language contact is inevitable and complex. Map Source: http://www.intute.ac.uk/sciences/worldguide/html/1020_map.html#map2 2 1.2 Previous Studies of Pijin Some time ago, Jourdan (1985b, p.1) noted in her sociolinguistic dissertation on Pijin that as far as scholars of Pacific Pidgins were concerned, hardly anything was known about Solomon Islands Pidgin.
  • The Mineral Industry of the Solomon Islands in 2015

    The Mineral Industry of the Solomon Islands in 2015

    2015 Minerals Yearbook SOLOMON ISLANDS [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. Department of the Interior November 2018 U.S. Geological Survey The Mineral Industry of the Solomon Islands By Karine M. Renaud The Solomon Islands is a country in the South Pacific Ocean royalty payments for bauxite, copper, gold, iron ore, nickel, and that consists of large and small volcanic islands and hundreds silver, of which 10% would be paid to the Government of the of islets and atolls. About 80% of the country’s population Solomon Islands as a trustee for the government of the Province depends on agriculture, fishing, and forestry for at least a in which the licensed area is located and 40% would be paid portion of its livelihood. The mineral resources that are the most to the Government of the Solomon Islands as a trustee for the significant to the economy were gold and silver. The country’s landowner of the licensed area (National Parliament of Solomon undeveloped mineral resources include bauxite, lead, nickel, and Islands, 2014, p. 4–6). zinc (Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2008, p. 1; Asian Development Bank, 2015). Production Minerals in the National Economy In 2015, the country did not produce any gold or silver owing to the closure of the Gold Ridge Mine in 2014. Data on mineral Although the closure of the Gold Ridge Mine and the flood production are in table 1. of April 2014 weakened the economy of the country, the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) increased by 3.3% Structure of the Mineral Industry in 2015 compared with an increase of 1.5% (revised) in 2014.
  • This Keyword List Contains Pacific Ocean (Excluding Great Barrier Reef)

    This Keyword List Contains Pacific Ocean (Excluding Great Barrier Reef)

    CoRIS Place Keyword Thesaurus by Ocean - 3/2/2016 Pacific Ocean (without the Great Barrier Reef) This keyword list contains Pacific Ocean (excluding Great Barrier Reef) place names of coral reefs, islands, bays and other geographic features in a hierarchical structure. The same names are available from “Place Keywords by Country/Territory - Pacific Ocean (without Great Barrier Reef)” but sorted by country and territory name. Each place name is followed by a unique identifier enclosed in parentheses. The identifier is made up of the latitude and longitude in whole degrees of the place location, followed by a four digit number. The number is used to uniquely identify multiple places that are located at the same latitude and longitude. This is a reformatted version of a list that was obtained from ReefBase. OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Albay Gulf > Cauit Reefs (13N123E0016) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Albay Gulf > Legaspi (13N123E0013) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Albay Gulf > Manito Reef (13N123E0015) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Albay Gulf > Matalibong ( Bariis ) (13N123E0006) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Albay Gulf > Rapu Rapu Island (13N124E0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Albay Gulf > Sto. Domingo (13N123E0002) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Amalau Bay (14S170E0012) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Amami-Gunto > Amami-Gunto (28N129E0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > American Samoa (14S170W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > Manu'a Islands (14S170W0038) OCEAN BASIN >