DOCSLIB.ORG

Soil Information, As ICSU World Data Centre for Soils

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Soil Information, As ICSU World Data Centre for Soils Scanned from original by ISRIC - World Soil Information, as ICSU World Data Centre for Soils. The purpose is to make a safe depository for endangered documents and to make the accrued information available for consultation, following Fair Use Guidelines. Every effort is taken to respect Copyright of the materials within the archives where the identification of the Copyright holder is clear and, where feasible, to contact the originators. For questions please contact soil.isricOwur.nl indicating the item reference number concerned. Land resources of the Solomon Islands Volume 6 Choiseul and the Shortland Islands i6"M^ A deep, well drained, reddish clay Tropohumult overlying finely banded Moli Sediments on Moli Island 1 I Land Resources Division Land resources of the Solomon Islands Volume 6 Choiseul and the Shortland Islands J R D Wall and J R F Hansell Land Resource Study 18 Land Resources Division, Ministry of Overseas Development Tolworth Tower, Surbiton, Surrey, England KT6 7DY 1976 THE LAND RESOURCES DIVISION me L.OIIU iicauuii/co uivtaiuii ui Li ic mil nau y ui uvci scaa L^cvciu|j||iei IL aaai3L3 ucvciupil ILJ countries in mapping, investigating and assessing land resources, and makes recommenda­ tions on the use of these resources for the development of agriculture, livestock husbandry and forestry; it also gives advice on related subjects to overseas governments and organisations, makes scientific personnel available for appointment abroad and provides lectures and training courses in the basic techniques of resource appraisal. The Division works in close co-operation with government departments, research institutes, universities and international organisations concerned with land resources assessment and development planning. IV List of volumes Title: Land resources of the Solomon Islands. J R F Hansell and J R D Wall Volume 1 Introduction and recommendations Volume 2 Guadalcanal and The Florida Islands Volume 3 Malaita and Ulawa Volume 4 New Georgia Group and the Russell Islands Volume 5 Santa Isabel Volume 6 Choiseul and the Shortland Islands Volume 7 San Cristobal and adjacent islands Volume 8 Outer Islands During the course of the production of these reports, the name of the British Solomon Islands Protectorate was changed to the Solomon Islands. The former name has been used throughout the first two volumes to be published (2 and 3), in the text (but not on the covers) of Volumes 4 and 7, and not at all in the remaining volumes (1, 5, 6 and 8). v I s Contents LIST OF FIGURES x LIST OF PLATES x LIST OF STEREOPAIRS x LIST OF MAPS xi PART1 INTRODUCTION 1 Preface 1 Abstract 1 Résumé 2 Descriptors for co-ordinate indexing 2 PART2 THE ENVIRONMENT 3 Introduction 3 Factors in the determination of potential land use 3 Environmental factors 3 Location 5 Physiographic Regions 5 I Eastern islands 5 II Eastern ridges 6 I III Eastern lowlands 6 IV East-central highlands 6 V Maetambe volcanic centre 8 i VI Southern karstlands and ridges 8 VII Central plateaux 8 VIM Central ridges and hills 9 IX Northern karst and hills 9 1 X Fauro, Alu and nearby islands 10 1 XI Mono 10 I VII Landforms 10 High ridges 10 Rounded ridges 15 Young volcanic centres 16 Hilly plateaux 16 Low hills and ridges 25 Cuestas 25 Karstic areas 26 Karst 26 Terraces 29 Fluvial plains 29 Swamps 30 Littoral landforms 31 Soils 31 Introduction 31 Organic soils with mostly we 11-decomposed peat (Histosols: 33 Folists, Hemists) Young soils with little or no horizon development 35 (Entisois: Aquents, Psamments, Fluvents, Orthents) Slightly weathered soils with little horizon development 39 (Inceptisols: Tropepts) Weakly weathered soils with a thick dark topsoil and high base 42 status (Mollisols: Rendolls, Udolls) Moderately to strongly weathered and leached soils with high 43 base status (Alfisols: Udalfs) Strongly weathered and leached soils with low base status 44 (Ultisols: Humults) Very strongly weathered and leached soils (Oxisols: Orthox) 44 Current Land Use 46 Introduction 46 Shifting cultivation 47 Cash crops 47 Cattle 49 Land use pattern 49 Forests 52 PART 3. LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS: LAND REGIONS AND LAND SYSTEMS 53 Introduction 53 Kaipito Land Region 56 1. Kumbongava, 2. Posarae, 3. Taora Ghausava Land Region 62 4. Marapa, 5. Mbina Paru Land Region 66 6. Aroaro, 7. Aruliho, 8. Esperance, 9. Falamae, 10. Hisiai, 11. Ibatasi, 12. Kavakava, 13. Malanjili, 14. Panggoe Manawai Land Region 84 15. Andi, 16. Henefau, 17. Huranja, 18. Mbaeroko Kwainangali Land Region 92 19. Fata'olo, 20. Mono, 21.Sui Mbetilonga Land Region 98 22. Balo, 23. Rirama, 24. Sakatokana, 25. Sepa, 26. Tirua VIM Rokera Land Region 108 27. Aiokan, 28. Kohinggo Fiu Land Region 112 29. Kumotu, 30. Lomousa, 31. Manggo, 32. Pusuraghi, 33. Tenaru PART 4. THE AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL OF THE LAND REGIONS 123 Introduction 123 Kaipito Land Region 124 Ghausava Land Region 125 Paru Land Region 125 Areas of low agricultural potential 126 Areas of low to moderate agricultural potential 126 Areas of moderately high agricultural potential 126 Manawai Land Region 127 Kwainangali Land Region 128 Mbetilonga Land Region 129 Tirua, Sakatokana and Rirama Land Systems 129 Balo Land System 130 Rokera Land Region 130 Fiu Land Region 132 Kumotu and Pusuraghi Land Systems 132 Lomousa and Tenaru Land Systems 132 Manggo Land System 133 PART 5. AGRICULTURAL OPPORTUNITY AREAS 135 Introduction 135 Poroporo 136 Pemba 137 Pachö 138 Ghaghara 140 Vaghena 141 Balo 143 Mono 143 PART 6. REFERENCES AND RELEVANT WORKS 145 APPENDIXES 149 1 Selected soil profile descriptions 149 2 Definition of geomorphological parameters 187 3 Soil analysis methods and definitions of pedological parameters 193 4 Sample area studies 195 IX LIST OF FIGURES 6-1 Cross-section of central Choiseui showing inferred relationships 11 between land systems, geology and landforms 6-2 Diagrammatic cross-section across Mono Island showing lithology, 27 soil, landform and vegetation relationships 6-3 Diagrammatic cross-section across north-east Choiseui showing lithology, 27 soil, landform and vegetation relationships 6-4 Diagrammatic cross-section near Ghaghara, east Choiseui, showing 28 lithology, soil, landform and vegetation relationships 6-5 Diagrammatic cross-section of area near Mboemboe showing lithology, 28 soil, landform and vegetation relationships 6-6 Changes of soil properties with depth in selected Choiseui profiles 36 LIST OF STEREOPAIRS 6-1 An area of mixed geology in which limestones are predominant in 17 the south, forming partly drowned cockpit karst; 6-2 Raised and tilted beds of limestone and fine-grained calcareous 18 sediments on Mono Island forming terraces 6-3 An uncultivated area of north Choiseui underlain by limestone or 19 calcareous, fine-grained sediments 6-4 A ridged landscape of north-central Choiseui with mainly early 20 Tertiary basalts and recent volcanic sediments 6-5 The volcanic footslopes of Mount Maetambe in the north-east, 21 separated from ridges of metamorphosed basement rocks by an inferred zone of limestone which reoccurs as karst terrain in the south 6-6 Tuffaceous sediments, pyroclastics and lavas underlie ridges and 22 flat-topped hills east of Mount Maetambe. Narrow volcanic sand beaches and swamps occur in coastal areas 6-7 Low-lying Vaghena Island contains tidal mangrove and freshwater 23 swamps. Lagoonal sediments form level platforms or low rolling ridges. 6-8 The extinct volcano of Kumboro Peak with andesitic pyroclastics 24 comprises rugged ridges radiating from a central point. Volcanic material over limestone forms the northern slope. PLATES Frontispiece A deep, well drained reddish clay Tropohumult overlying finely banded Moli Sediments on Moli Island 6-1 Drowned cockpit karst at Poro, west-central Choiseui 7 6-2 The Mbina Land System of eastern Choiseui with 7 specialised lowland forest vegetation x TEXT MAPS 15 Study area location 16 Landforms SAMPLE AREA MAPS IN APPENDIX 4 CA Alu CB Mono CC Chirovanga SEPARATE MAPS (in separate folder) 6a Physiography and physiographic regions 6b Catchment areas 6c Soil sample sites and traverses 6d Soil associations 6e Land systems and land regions 6f Land use, 1962-8 6g Agricultural opportunity areas 6h Forest types XI Parts 1-6 CORRECTION LAND RESOURCE STUDY 18 VOLUME 6 Page 26, paragraph 1, line 2, for eroding read erode Page 26, paragraph 6, line 2, for convex read concave Page 39, paragraph 3, line 2, for or read that Page 138 last line, for the read and Parti Introduction PREFACE This volume deals with the major island of Choiseul, an archipelago of small islands in the east dominated by Vaghena and, to the west, the Shortland group with the main islands of Mono (Treasury), Alu (Shortland) and Fauro. This report is one of a series of volumes describing the land resources of the Solomon Islands. Each is concerned with a major island or island group and incorporates the results of fieldwork, the subsequent land classification and the assessment of its agricultural potential. Reports are issued on an island-by-island basis to simplify district planning and to facilitate access to the recommendations. Landforms and soils are described fully in this volume as together they form the basis of the land classification, but other aspects of the physical environment such as geology, climate and vegetation are given only cursory attention, having been more fully described in Volume 1. Similarly, aspects of the cultural environment which are unique to the islands are discussed in this volume while a fuller discussion of popula­ tion and subsistence agriculture, for example, can be found in Volume 1. With this method of presentation, unnecessary repetition is avoided and it is possible to separate fieldwork data from information largely derived from published material. The system of measurement used in this report is metric, with the exception of the sample area studies of Appendix 4 for which original measurements were in the imperial system.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Expedition Cruising
    CONSERVATION & ADVENTURE EXPEDITION CRUISING 2020/2021 Gray Whale encounter from Zodiac, Beringia National Park © S Blanc elcome to our 2020-21 brochure and our 36th annual edition! Pioneers in expedition travel, we are a proudly family owned and operated company W dedicated to delivering authentic, in-depth expedition experiences and one-of- a-kind wildlife encounters aboard our comfortable, yet robust purpose-built expeditions ships. Founded in 1984 to share and explore the seldom visited and far reaches of New Zealand with like-minded inquisitive travellers, Heritage Expeditions continues to forge new ground while remaining true to our founding principles. Today the Heritage Expeditions’ world spans from the remote Ross Sea and East Antarctica through to the historic shores of the Russian Arctic including Wrangel Island, exploring the amazing diversity of landscapes, people and wildlife in between on our voyages of discovery. During the year we have provided travellers with experiences and encounters of a lifetime including floating alongside Emperor Penguins on the ice in the Ross Sea; cruising alongside a North Pacific Right Whale, one of the world’s rarest whale species and our second encounter in two years, at the Commander Islands; discovering a new species of sea bird the ‘Heritage Lava Petrel’ off the Solomon Islands; record sightings of the world’s rarest seabird the Magenta Petrel/Chatham Island Taiko off the Chatham Islands; returning to the wonderland of Fiordland and climbing Secretary Island, and a 101 Polar Bear sightings
    [Show full text]
  • Social Assessment
    Social Assessment Project Title: Western Province Ridges to Reef: Planning to Enhance the Conservation of Biodiversity Conservation Plan Applicant: World Wide Fund for Nature, Solomon Islands Because the project will implement activities in areas with Indigenous Peoples, a Social Assessment has been prepared, to demonstrate how the project will comply with CEPF’s Safeguard Policy on Indigenous Peoples. Indigenous Peoples in the project area A total of 18 indigenous tribes are known within the proposed project area of Kolombangara Island. However, the below list will be confirmed during consultation meetings with KIBCA (Kolombangara Island Biodiversity and Conservation Association), communities, other local partners, and stakeholders within the project site. Therefore, the list below may increase or decrease after the consultation meetings. KIBCA reports that approximately 6,000 people currently reside on Kolombangara Island 1. Koloma 2. Ngava 3. Vumba 4. Qoza 5. Kona 6. Sarelata 7. Paleka 8. Kumbongava 9. Bantongo 10. Jito 11. Siporae 12. Sikipozo 13. Padezaka 14. Matakale 15. Vasiluku 16. Sirebe 17. Vuri 18. Leanabako If funds permit, some awareness activities may also be carried out on Ghizo Island. Over the years, people from other islands/countries have either settled on or have been relocated to Ghizo Island for a host of reasons. Identifying indigenous peoples within the project area is thus a rather complicated task. Eleven major rural/semi-rural communities exist on Ghizo Island, excluding the town of Gizo itself. Saeraghi, Vorivori and Bibolo are descendants of the original settlers and owners of Ghizo Island. Paeloge and Suvania/Simboro settlers are immigrants from Simbo Island.
    [Show full text]
  • Land and Maritime Connectivity Project: Road Component Initial
    Land and Maritime Connectivity Project (RRP SOL 53421-001) Initial Environmental Examination Project No. 53421-001 Status: Draft Date: August 2020 Solomon Islands: Land and Maritime Connectivity Project – Multitranche Financing Facility Road Component Prepared by Ministry of Infrastructure Development This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to any particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Solomon Islands: Land and Maritime Connectivity Project Road Component – Initial Environmental Examination Table of Contents Abbreviations iv Executive Summary v 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background to the Project 1 1.2 Scope of the Environmental Assessment 5 2 Legal and Institutional Framework 6 2.1 Legal and Planning Framework 6 2.1.1 Country safeguard system 6 2.1.2 Other legislation supporting the CSS 7 2.1.3 Procedures for implementing the CSS 9 2.2 National Strategy and Plans 10 2.3 Safeguard Policy Statement 11 3 Description of the Subprojects 12 3.1 Location and Existing Conditions – SP-R1 12 3.1.1 Existing alignment 12 3.1.2 Identified issues and constraints 14 3.2 Location and Existing Conditions – SP-R5 15 3.2.1 Location
    [Show full text]
  • Human-Crocodile Conflict in Solomon Islands
    Human-crocodile conflict in Solomon Islands In partnership with Human-crocodile conflict in Solomon Islands Authors Jan van der Ploeg, Francis Ratu, Judah Viravira, Matthew Brien, Christina Wood, Melvin Zama, Chelcia Gomese and Josef Hurutarau. Citation This publication should be cited as: Van der Ploeg J, Ratu F, Viravira J, Brien M, Wood C, Zama M, Gomese C and Hurutarau J. 2019. Human-crocodile conflict in Solomon Islands. Penang, Malaysia: WorldFish. Program Report: 2019-02. Photo credits Front cover, Eddie Meke; page 5, 11, 20, 21 and 24 Jan van der Ploeg/WorldFish; page 7 and 12, Christina Wood/ WorldFish; page 9, Solomon Star; page 10, Tessa Minter/Leiden University; page 22, Tingo Leve/WWF; page 23, Brian Taupiri/Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation. Acknowledgments This survey was made possible through the Asian Development Bank’s technical assistance on strengthening coastal and marine resources management in the Pacific (TA 7753). We are grateful for the support of Thomas Gloerfelt-Tarp, Hanna Uusimaa, Ferdinand Reclamado and Haezel Barber. The Ministry of Environment, Climate Change, Disaster Management and Meteorology (MECDM) initiated the survey. We specifically would like to thank Agnetha Vave-Karamui, Trevor Maeda and Ezekiel Leghunau. We also acknowledge the support of the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR), particularly Rosalie Masu, Anna Schwarz, Peter Rex Lausu’u, Stephen Mosese, and provincial fisheries officers Peter Bade (Makira), Thompson Miabule (Choiseul), Frazer Kavali (Isabel), Matthew Isihanua (Malaita), Simeon Baeto (Western Province), Talent Kaepaza and Malachi Tefetia (Central Province). The Royal Solomon Islands Police Force shared information on their crocodile destruction operations and participated in the workshops of the project.
    [Show full text]
  • A Passage to the Solomons
    Itinerary 11 nights Cairns to honiara > Honiara is connected by direct flights to Sydney and Brisbane. a passage to This is an itinerary through remote regions. The itinerary may be adjusted to suit tidal, weather, or local community requirements. DAY 1: CAIRNS the solomons Board the Coral Discoverer at 8:00am for a 9:00am departure. CAIRNS TO HONIARA DAY 2: CROSSING THE CORAL SEA Relax and enjoy introductory presentations. DAY 3: ALOTAU At our first stop in Papua New Guinea, explore the local villages and visit the Turnbull War Memorial Park. DAY 4: EGUM ATOLL Egum Atoll is an unforgettable experience - snorkel, dive and then visit a village on of the atoll’s low islands, where locals will share their creation legends. DAY 5: LAUGHLAN (BUDIBUDI) ISLANDS These islands are home to a rich tradition of canoe building, which you will see under construction. Enjoy a warm welcome and the possibility of another swim or snorkel. DAY 6: GHIZO ISLAND, SOLOMONS Our first Solomons landfall is the town of Gizo. Wander through This voyage aboard Coral Discoverer is an in-depth exploration the markets, and later snorkel and dive over vibrant Njari Reef. of the remote and idyllic Solomon Islands. This area of stunning diversity is home to over 1,000 languages and a DAY 7: TETEPARE multitude of unique customs. On your voyage, commemorate We visit Tetepare, a mysterious abandoned island now the 75th Anniversary of WWII at iconic battlefields. Encounter protected by a unique conservation project run by the Tetepare the canoe builders of Budibudi, the natural wonder of Marovo Descendant’s Association.
    [Show full text]
  • Rupture Across Arc Segment and Plate Boundaries in the 1 April 2007 Solomons Earthquake
    LETTERS Rupture across arc segment and plate boundaries in the 1 April 2007 Solomons earthquake FREDERICK W. TAYLOR1*, RICHARD W. BRIGGS2†, CLIFF FROHLICH1, ABEL BROWN3, MATT HORNBACH1, ALISON K. PAPABATU4, ARON J. MELTZNER2 AND DOUGLAS BILLY4 1Institute for Geophysics, John A. and Katherine G. Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78758-4445, USA 2Tectonics Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA 3School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA 4Dept. of Mines, Energy, and Water Resources, PO Box G37, Honiara, Solomon Islands †Present address: US Geological Survey, MS 966, Box 25046, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA *e-mail: [email protected] Published online: 30 March 2008; doi:10.1038/ngeo159 The largest earthquakes are generated in subduction zones, residual strain accumulates along the ‘locked’ plate boundary until and the earthquake rupture typically extends for hundreds of it is released seismically. Previous historical earthquakes near the kilometres along a single subducting plate. These ruptures often 1 April rupture area in the Solomon Islands had magnitudes M begin or end at structural boundaries on the overriding plate that of 7.2 and less5. This was puzzling because Chile and Cascadia, are associated with the subduction of prominent bathymetric where extremely young oceanic crust also subducts, have produced 1,2 features of the downgoing plate . Here, we determine uplift exceptionally large earthquakes (MW ≥ 9.0) (refs 6,7). The 1 April and subsidence along shorelines for the 1 April 2007 moment earthquake confirms that in the western Solomons, as in Chile and magnitude MW 8.1 earthquake in the western Solomon Islands, Cascadia, subducted young ridge-transform material is strongly using coral microatolls which provide precise measurements coupled with the overlying plate.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on New Guinea Moths. 1. Introduction (Lepidoptera)
    PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 105(4), 2003, pp. 1034-1042 STUDIES ON NEW GUINEA MOTHS. 1. INTRODUCTION (LEPIDOPTERA) SCOTT E. MILLER, VOJTECH NOVOTNY, AND YVES BASSET (SEM) Department of Systematic Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smith- sonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0105, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]. edu); (VN) Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences and Biological Faculty, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (YB) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Ancon, Panama Abstract.•This is the first in a series of papers providing taxonomic data in support of ecological and biogeographic studies of moths in New Guinea. The primary study is an extensive inventory of the caterpillar fauna of a lowland rainforest site near Madang, Papua New Guinea, from 1994•2001. The inventory focused on the Lepidoptera com- munity on 71 woody plant species representing 45 genera and 23 families. During the study, 46,457 caterpillars representing 585 species were sampled, with 19,660 caterpillars representing 441 species reared to adults. This introductory contribution is intended to provide background on the project, including descriptions of the study site, sampling methods, and taxonomic methods. Key Words: Malesia, Papua New Guinea, Lepidoptera, biodiversity, rearing, community ecology A very large portion of tropical biodi- 1992 and 1993 (Basset 1996, Basset et al. versity consists of herbivorous insects, and 1996). This paper represents the first in a among them, Lepidoptera are among the series of papers providing taxonomic doc- most amenable to study. To better under- umentation in support of the broader stud- stand the structure and maintenance of trop- ies, and is intended to provide general back- ical biodiversity, we undertook a series of ground, including descriptions of the study related inventories of Lepidoptera in New site, sampling methods, and taxonomic Guinea.
    [Show full text]
  • (V&A) Assessment for Ontong Java Atoll, Solomon Islands
    PACC TECHNICAL REPORT 4 JUNE 2014 Vulnerability and adaptation (V&A) assessment for Ontong Java Atoll, Solomon Islands SPREP LIBRARY/IRC CATALOGUING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Vulnerability and adaptation (V&A) assessment for Ontong Java Atoll, Solomon Islands. Apia, Samoa : SPREP, 2014. p. cm. (PACC Technical Report No.4) ISSN 2312-8224 Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme authorises the reproduction of this material, whole or in part, provided appropriate acknowledgement is given. SPREP, PO Box 240, Apia, Samoa T: +685 21929 F: +685 20231 E: [email protected] W: www.sprep.org This publication is also available electronically from SPREP’s website: www.sprep.org SPREP Vision: The Pacific environment, sustaining our livelihoods and natural heritage in harmony with our cultures. www.sprep.org PACC TECHNICAL REPORT 4 JUNE 2014 Vulnerability and adaptation (V&A) assessment for Ontong Java Atoll, Solomon Islands TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY v ABBREVIATIONS vii 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. BACKGROUND 3 2.1. Natural and human systems of Ontong Java Atoll 4 2.1.1. Vegetation 4 2.1.2. The marine ecosystem 4 2.1.3. People and land systems 5 2.2. Current climate and sea level 6 2.2.1. Temperature and rainfall 6 2.2.2. Extreme events 7 2.2.3. Sea level 8 2.3. Climate and sea level projections 9 2.3.1. Temperature and rainfall projections 9 2.3.2. Sea level projections 11 2.4. Climate change impacts 11 3. THE ASSESSMENT AND ITS OBJECTIVES 12 4. METHODOLOGY 12 4.1. Household survey 13 4.1.1.
    [Show full text]
  • DNA Barcoding Confirms Polyphagy in a Generalist Moth, Homona Mermerodes (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
    Molecular Ecology Notes (2007) 7, 549–557 doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01786.x BARCODINGBlackwell Publishing Ltd DNA barcoding confirms polyphagy in a generalist moth, Homona mermerodes (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) JIRI HULCR,* SCOTT E. MILLER,† GREGORY P. SETLIFF,‡ KAROLYN DARROW,† NATHANIEL D. MUELLER,§ PAUL D. N. HEBERT¶ and GEORGE D. WEIBLEN** *Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 243 Natural Sciences Building, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA, †National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA, ‡Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108–1095 USA, §Saint Olaf College, 1500 Saint Olaf Avenue, Northfield, MN 55057, USA,¶Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1, **Bell Museum of Natural History and Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 220 Biological Sciences Center, 1445 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108–1095, USA Abstract Recent DNA barcoding of generalist insect herbivores has revealed complexes of cryptic species within named species. We evaluated the species concept for a common generalist moth occurring in New Guinea and Australia, Homona mermerodes, in light of host plant records and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I haplotype diversity. Genetic divergence among H. mermerodes moths feeding on different host tree species was much lower than among several Homona species. Genetic divergence between haplotypes from New Guinea and Australia was also less than interspecific divergence. Whereas molecular species identification methods may reveal cryptic species in some generalist herbivores, these same methods may confirm polyphagy when identical haplotypes are reared from multiple host plant families. A lectotype for the species is designated, and a summarized bibliography and illustrations including male genitalia are provided for the first time.
    [Show full text]
  • The Naturalist and His 'Beautiful Islands'
    The Naturalist and his ‘Beautiful Islands’ Charles Morris Woodford in the Western Pacific David Russell Lawrence The Naturalist and his ‘Beautiful Islands’ Charles Morris Woodford in the Western Pacific David Russell Lawrence Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Lawrence, David (David Russell), author. Title: The naturalist and his ‘beautiful islands’ : Charles Morris Woodford in the Western Pacific / David Russell Lawrence. ISBN: 9781925022032 (paperback) 9781925022025 (ebook) Subjects: Woodford, C. M., 1852-1927. Great Britain. Colonial Office--Officials and employees--Biography. Ethnology--Solomon Islands. Natural history--Solomon Islands. Colonial administrators--Solomon Islands--Biography. Solomon Islands--Description and travel. Dewey Number: 577.099593 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover image: Woodford and men at Aola on return from Natalava (PMBPhoto56-021; Woodford 1890: 144). Cover design and layout by ANU Press Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2014 ANU Press Contents Acknowledgments . xi Note on the text . xiii Introduction . 1 1 . Charles Morris Woodford: Early life and education . 9 2. Pacific journeys . 25 3 . Commerce, trade and labour . 35 4 . A naturalist in the Solomon Islands . 63 5 . Liberalism, Imperialism and colonial expansion . 139 6 . The British Solomon Islands Protectorate: Colonialism without capital . 169 7 . Expansion of the Protectorate 1898–1900 .
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific Islands Herpetology, No. V, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. A
    Great Basin Naturalist Volume 11 Article 1 Number 3 – Number 4 12-29-1951 Pacific slI ands herpetology, No. V, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. A check list of species Vasco M. Tanner Brigham Young University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation Tanner, Vasco M. (1951) "Pacific slI ands herpetology, No. V, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. A check list of species," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 11 : No. 3 , Article 1. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol11/iss3/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. U8fW Ul 22 195; The Gregft fiasib IfJaturalist Published by the Department of Zoology and Entomology Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah Volume XI DECEMBER 29, 1951 Nos. III-IV PACIFIC ISLANDS HERPETOLOGY, NO. V GUADALCANAL, SOLOMON ISLANDS: l A CHECK LIST OF SPECIES ( ) VASCO M. TANNER Professor of Zoology and Entomology Brigham Young University Provo, Utah INTRODUCTION This paper, the fifth in the series, deals with the amphibians and reptiles, collected by United States Military personnel while they were stationed on several of the Solomon Islands. These islands, which were under the British Protectorate at the out-break of the Japanese War in 1941, extend for about 800 miles in a southeast direction from the Bismarck Archipelago. They lie south of the equator, between 5° 24' and 10° 10' south longitude and 154° 38' and 161° 20' east longitude, which is well within the tropical zone.
    [Show full text]
  • The Monophyly of Bursera and Its Impact for Divergence Times of Burseraceae
    TAXON 61 (2) • April 2012: 333–343 Becerra & al. • Monophyly of Bursera The monophyly of Bursera and its impact for divergence times of Burseraceae Judith X. Becerra,1 Kogi Noge,2 Sarai Olivier1 & D. Lawrence Venable3 1 Department of Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, U.S.A. 2 Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan 3 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, U.S.A. Author for correspondence: Judith X. Becerra, [email protected] Abstract Bursera is one of the most diverse and abundant groups of trees and shrubs of the Mexican tropical dry forests. Its interaction with its specialist herbivores in the chrysomelid genus Blepharida, is one of the best-studied coevolutionary systems. Prior studies based on molecular phylogenies concluded that Bursera is a monophyletic genus. Recently, however, other molecular analyses have suggested that the genus might be paraphyletic, with the closely related Commiphora, nested within Bursera. If this is correct, then interpretations of coevolution results would have to be revised. Whether Bursera is or is not monophyletic also has implications for the age of Burseraceae, since previous dates were based on calibrations using Bursera fossils assuming that Bursera was paraphyletic. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of 76 species and varieties of Bursera, 51 species of Commiphora, and 13 outgroups using nuclear DNA data. We also reconstructed a phylogeny of the Burseraceae using 59 members of the family, 9 outgroups and nuclear and chloroplast sequence data. These analyses strongly confirm previous conclusions that this genus is monophyletic.
    [Show full text]