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Spécial Océan Indien © GREG ROSENKE / UNSPLASH SPÉCIAL OCÉAN INDIEN SPECIAL INDIAN OCEAN EDITORIAL GTT, YOUR LNG PARTNER Le retour de l’océan Indien Return of the Indian Ocean Récemment encore, chacun considérait que le Not so long ago, everyone considered that the centre de gravité du monde s’était déplacé pour world's centre of gravity had moved for good to longtemps vers le « seul » Pacifique. Or on parle de the "sole" Pacific Ocean. And yet, the concept of plus en plus de « l’indopacifique », évolution pas seu- "Indo-Pacific" is becoming more and more com- lement sémantique, soulignant le retour de l’océan mon, and this is not just a semantic change. It Indien au premier rang des affaires du monde. underlines the return of the Indian Ocean to the Ironie de l’histoire que ce retour à des temps où forefront of the world's affairs. jeux de domination, esprit de conquête, explora- A somewhat ironic situation. This return to a time tions, épices, soie, avaient fait de cet océan, sur when games of domination, the spirit of conquest, plusieurs siècles, le terrain de jeu des grands ac- © CHRISTIAN TAILLEMITE exploration, spices and silk had made this ocean teurs « océaniques » : de la Chine ancienne avant Par/By Francis Vallat, the playground of the great 'oceanic' players over qu’elle renonce à ses grandes expéditions, aux Fondateur et Président several centuries: from ancient China, before it puissantes Compagnies des Indes... Déjà, les enjeux d’honneur des clusters ceased its great expeditions, to the powerful East et les rivalités stratégiques, l’activité économique, maritimes français India Companies... Even at that time, strategic is- le commerce international, façonnaient en partie et européen. sues and rivalries, economic activity and interna- la marche du monde et expliquaient la présence, Founder and Honorary tional trade were already partly determining the permanente ou épisodique, dans cet océan, des President of the French march of the world and explaining the presence, grandes nations maritimes. and European maritime permanent or occasional, of the greatest maritime 1 clusters. Marine & Océans consacre ce numéro à l’océan nations in this ocean. Indien à l’occasion du Symposium naval de l’océan Marine & Oceans dedicates this issue1 to the In- Indien, plus connu sous son acronyme anglais IONS2, tenu fin dian Ocean on the occasion of the Indian Ocean Naval Sympo- juin début juillet à l’île de la Réunion. Ce rendez-vous, créé en sium, better known through its English acronym IONS2, which 2008 à l’initiative de l’Inde, rassemble les chefs d’état-major is held this year3 on La Réunion Island. This meeting, establi- des marines de la quasi-totalité des pays riverains de la région shed in 2008 on the initiative of India, brings together the Navy ainsi que quelques pays observateurs dont la Chine. Il est pré- Chiefs of Staff of nearly all the coastal countries of the region sidé cette année par la France en la personne de l’amiral Pierre as well as a few observer nations including China. This year, Vandier, chef d’état-major de La Marine nationale française, after three years of Iranian presidency, France will chair the après trois ans de présidence iranienne. meeting, represented by Admiral Pierre Vandier, Chief of Staff M&O, revue française bilingue tournée vers l’international, of the French Navy. présente ici le « retour de l’Indien » avec les analyses des chefs In this issue, M&O, a bilingual international-focused French d’état-major des marines française, indienne, pakistanaise, aus- magazine, presents "return of the Indian", featuring analyses by tralienne et indonésienne, mais aussi d’experts américain et the Chiefs of Staff of the French, Indian, Pakistani, Australian russe, et de nombreux autres professionnels qui éclairent, par and Indonesian navies, as well as American and Russian ex- la qualité de leur réflexion, l’importance déterminante de cet perts, and many other professionals whose work underlines the océan pour l’économie, le commerce mondial, certaines éner- decisive importance of this ocean for the world economy, world gies nouvelles, les communications internationales, et pour trade, a certain number of new energies, international commu- MAKING THE RIGHT DECISION RELYING ON GOOD ADVICE. tout dire l’équilibre du monde. nications and, in a word, the stability of the world. Il nous appartenait aussi d’illustrer, à travers les interviews des Through the interviews of the commanders of the French forces commandants des forces françaises aux Emirats arabes unis in the United Arab Emirates and in the southern zone of the In- With an LNG experience of over 55 years, GTT, your As shipping is turning digital, GTT and its subsidiaries et dans la zone sud de l’océan Indien, la position particulière dian Ocean, we also tried to illustrate the very specific position partner of choice, can not only provide its expertise Ascenz and Marorka propose Smart Shipping Solutions, de la France, seul pays européen à être véritablement engagé of France, the sole European country to be actively involved in containment technologies, but also a full range of combining their experiences and skills to offer a wide dans la région avec ses territoires ultra marins, ses bases, ses in the region, with its overseas territories, its bases, its military services for LNG ships and LNG-fuelled ships to support range of digital services to the maritime industry. moyens militaires et sa volonté de coopération avec l’en- resources and its desire to cooperate with all the coastal coun- all your LNG related operations, train and assist your Accompanying new comers in the LNG business: this is semble des pays riverains. tries of the region. crews, and optimise your vessel economics. what our services are all about. Bonne lecture à tous ceux qui nous suivent, en France et à We wish you a pleasant reading, from France or abroad. l’international. 1 - Find the digital edition of this Special Indian Ocean issue on www. 1 - Retrouvez sur www.marine-oceans.com et www.marine-oceans.com/ marine-oceans.com and www.marine-oceans.com/en/ including papers en/ le volet numérique de ce numéro océan Indien avec les articles by experts from the Indian national maritime institute, the Lemhannas d’experts de l’Institut maritime national indien, de l’Institut indonésien Indonesian institute, the University of Remnin in China, IFREMER, Lemhannas, de l’université Remnin de Chine mais aussi de l’IFREMER, de Monaco’s explorations society, and the French high school in Moscow. la Société des explorations de Monaco ou du Lycée français de Moscou. 2 - Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS). 2 - Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS) 3 - Between late June and early July. 3 MARINE & OCEANS - 2ème TRIMESTRE / 2nd QUARTER 2021 Learn more on www.gtt.fr SOMMAIRE / CONTENTS LES PRINCIPAUX ACTEURS MILITAIRES DE L'OCÉAN INDIEN Entretien avec / Interview with Pierre Bahurel EDITORIAL FOCUS THE MAJOR MILITARY ACTORS IN THE INDIAN OCEAN FOCUS ANALYSES / ANALYSIS « Nos partenaires et nos utilisateurs Francis Vallat Mikaël Davidoff Vice-amiral (2S) / Vice Admiral (Retd) comptent sur notre fiabilité scientifique et opérationnelle pour servir leurs travaux Le retour de l'océan Indien Pradeep Chauhan Les puissances maritimes dans l’océan Indiene. » Return of the Indian Ocean ................ 3 internationales et régionales Une perspective indienne de l'océan Indien "Our partners and users rely International and national powers ......... 36 An indian perspective on our scientific and operational of the Indian Ocean....................... 72 reliability to further their work in the Indian Ocean.". ................... 112 SPÉCIAL OCÉAN INDIEN / SPECIAL INDIAN OCEAN Les enjeux sécuritaires de l'océan Indien Alexey Kupriyanov Les enjeux sécuritaires de l'océan Indien................ 46 Les intérêts russes dans l'océan Indien Entretien avec / Interview with Aline Tribollet Cyrille P. Coutansais Russian interests in « Le programme Clim-Eparses Et si l’océan Indien (re)devenait Entretien avec l’amiral/Interview with Admiral the Indian Ocean........................... 78 révèle que le canal du Mozambique le cœur du monde ? Pierre Vandier s’acidifie toujours. » Could the Indian Ocean (re)become Vice-amiral (2S)/Vice-admiral John W. Miller « Nous pouvons envoyer un bâtiment de "The Clim-Eparses program the heart of the world?...................... 6 combat ou un aéronef, en moins de 24 h, Le moment est venu pour les Etats-Unis reveal that the acidification of the vers n’importe quelle zone de l’océan Indien. » de renforcer les alliances existantes Mozambique Channel is still et d’en envisager de nouvelles dans .......................... 116 Jérôme Ferrier "We can deploy a warship or an aircraft, strengthening.". la région indopacifique. De nouveaux flux maritimes in less than 24 hours, anywhere in liés au GNL the Indian Ocean." ........................ 48 The time has come for the United States to Jean-Loup Velut enhance existing alliances and to consider New maritime flows linked to LNG ...... 14 new ones in the Indo-Pacific region ...... 84 L’océan Indien, une passion française Entretien avec l’amiral/Interview with Admiral Karambir Singh The Indian Ocean: Entretien avec/Interview with a French passion ........................ 118 Entretien avec le Contre-amiral/Interview with Philippe Berterottière « La marine indienne entend être le partenaire sécuritaire privilégié dans la région. » Rear Admiral Jacques Fayard « L’océan Indien est une région « Nation de l’océan Indien, la France LE SAVIEZ-VOUS ? / DID YOU KNOW? indispensable
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