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GmbH, Gruyter de Walter 2018 © Picollo Marcello Abstract: siuod iiaApplicata Fisica di Istituto eateto osrainadRsoainadLQ-EUME aut fSine n ehooy OAUiest of University NOVA Technology, and Sciences of Faculty LAQV-REQUIMTE, and Restoration and Conservation of Department iatmnod cez noain enlgc DST,Uiest el td e imneOinae il Teresa viale Orientale, Piemonte del Studi degli Università (DISIT), Tecnologica Innovazione e Scienze di Dipartimento ibn 8956Cprc,Prua,Emi:[email protected] E-mail: Portugal, Caparica, 2829-516 Lisbon, [email protected] E-mail: Italy, Alessandria, 15121 11, Michel, [email protected], [email protected] E-mail: Italy, Firenze, Fiorentino, Spectroscopic measurements in the Vis were introduced to the cultural heritage field by Rawlins at the Na- at Rawlins by field heritage cultural the to introduced were Vis the in measurements Spectroscopic ofUV-Vis applications most traditional the unlike technique, spectroscopic this field conservation art the In the in involved are which atoms, the of electrons outermost the of excitation to related is spectroscopy UV-Vis electromag- between interactions with concerned is spectroscopy ultraviolet-visible sense, broadest its In 10.1515/psr-2018-0008 – 8 mrneo h lcrmgei pcrm ti omnydvddi he ansbrgos which sub-regions, main three in divided commonly is It spectrum. electromagnetic the of range nm 380 o-naie VVssetocp,rfetne OS irsetoloier,pitnsand paintings microspectrofluorimetry, FORS, reflectance, spectroscopy, UV-Vis non-invasive, stecrepnigauthor. corresponding the is 1 arzoAceto Maurizio / nsitu in – 8 m V nte280 the in UVB nm; 380 “ el Carrara Nello in a short time, contributing to the identification of artist identification the to contributing time, short a in nsitu in 2 ” ain Vitorino Tatiana / e osgi ainl el iece i aon e in 0 01 Sesto 50019 10, piano del Madonna Via Ricerche, delle Nazionale Consiglio del yuigpral eie n mlyn o-naiemethodolo- non-invasive employing and devices portable using by – 2 m n V nte100 the in UVC and nm; 320 – 5 mseta range. spectral nm 750 1,3 Authenticated |[email protected] author's copy “ lcrncspectroscopy electronic – 8 m nadto,te10 the addition, In nm. 280 Download Date|11/16/18 11:10AM hsclSine eiw.21;20180008 2018; Reviews. 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Table and spectral positions absorption their to the data. due on these identified of information be selection yield toFe can also concern glasses with can spec- in chromophores photoelectron inparticular systems X-ray the need inglassmaking, of or would state Auger used that oxidation Mössbauer, conditions information firing the as an of such way, absorption, characterisation simple techniques light The a analytical for troscopies. in expensive responsible system and species chromophore powerful the the more of global of their state nature on oxidation the information the on yield cannot including information materials provide vitreous can coloured it of However, characterisation composition. the in FORS of use The Glass 4.3 [19]. microspectrofluorimetry with studied successfully (HPLC- been techniques powerful also have more textiles with analysis Ancient [65 and etc.). garments sampling SERS, various as MS, or such [64] investigation clothes further 63], address [62, can reportedina FORS carpets is of analysis spectroscopies. the cochineal fluorescence concerning of and lished absorbance intheidentification both includes which [61], variability Berrie great the and of Morales by study An example identification. for useful GRUYTER DE hr sn footnote no is There Co Ag(0) Ions Fe Cu Cu Cu(0) Cr Cr V V V Ni Mn Mn Mn Fe Fe UO Au(0) 5+ 4+ 3+ eea tde ngasatok xlie h dniiaino hoohrsb en fasrto spec- of absorption means by of chromophores identification the exploited artworks glass on studies Several pub- been have works several years last the in method, survey a as FORS of performances great the to Due 2+ 3+ 3+ 6+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 2+ + 4+ 3+ 2+ 2 -S 2+ 2 - bopinmxm fcrmpoessesi glass. in systems chromophore of maxima Absorption 525 420 maxima Absorption he ad nte525 the in bands three 700 nm 570 at bands peak no nm, 450 at centred band nm 365 430 5 m(h,bn nte900 the in band (sh), nm 450 5 nm 450 470 weak very nm, 430 5 nm 350 nm 1100 nm 645 410 425, the in bands nm, 416 430 the in bands three 375 nm the 405 in bands of series a – – – – – 5 mdpnigo atcesize particle on depending nm 550 0 mdpnigo atcesize particle on depending nm 500 0 nm 900 630 the in bands nm, 460 2 nm 520 – – 5 mrange nm 650 4 mrange nm 640 – 7 mrange nm 475 – 5 mrange nm 450 – 20n ag [72] range nm 1200 – 8 mrne[69] range nm 680 Authenticated |[email protected] author's copy [68] [68] References [72] [71] [70] [69] [12] [69] [69] [71] [71] [71] [71] [74] [73] [72] [69] – 2+ 8.Bt rnmtac n reflectance, and transmittance Both 78]. /Fe 3+ Download Date|11/16/18 11:10AM ais oto h chromophore the of Most ratios. – 7.Tefs epneof response fast The 67]. iol tal. et Picollo 9 Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd ihFR r eotdi h ieauewt ocr opitns[0 1 n etls[,64]. 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[89]. in viation) order contained 1), in information data, and spectral 0 the of between of normalisation of spectra withdrawal the best subsequent is process the the large recognition extract or pattern process techniques to the to isused diagnostic of powerful point way critical more spectroscopy semi-automatic most further, reflectance The (reflectance a address when samples. objects to providing cases method in group therefore survey important to and particularly a allowing is as similar This purpose, more information. the spectral are for of which used amounts case) be this can recognition (DA) in pattern Anal- Analysis using spectra Cluster responses Discriminant (PCA), spectral Analysis or the Components (CA) manage Principal to ysis as useful such techniques be Mathematical can methods. it becomesamaximum. chemometric times, short point in spectra theinflection several where for vide situation the spectrum, isatypical features of the spectral of derivative which first identification accurate the point, an on inflection cases, based these the is In on spectrum When the etc.). brown, based yellow, simple. orange, is (red, is relatively characterisation colours warm the etc.) features usually generally the spectral of green, turquoise, minima, theareaanal- no identification of (blue, has the colours and ofcold minima colour more the spectra or reflectance one have The concerning system. coordinates. information chromophore Kubelka-Munk provide the or not only absorbance ysed, in fact, which becomemax- apparent into maximum/maxima, turned ofreflectance, reflectance is The spectrum of theminimum/minima by given the characterisation when the theposition values that on out imum/maxima point to isbased important is spectroscopy it analysed, reflectance material of type the from Independently comments General 4.6 1 3: meansof Table by gemstones precious the most of when identification particularly 3 for Table ofgemstones, useful settings. be their inthe analysis can from away FORS. that taken gem- features be opaque cannot absorption analysing beexploited gemstones the when which can lists obtained in studied be are can mode artworks spectra jewellery reflectance better complete responses, the much spectral while only poor centres, yield Usually usually scattering ofthe gemstones stones. of transparent lack that pointincommon fact the theidentification beused, the Another to provides cannot is quartz. due artworks It and FORS glass of glass, asdiamond itself. analysis such the gemstone caseof the of gemstones with of uncoloured identification in the heritage the identification of cultural As to the for leads though, cases, field many the in gemstones. in which, of coloured system FORS chromophore by provided hydrox- identification information and relevant the oxides most is iron the the view, of from Yet, of characterisation (https://speclab.cr.usgs.gov/spectral-lib.html). point online the asaprelim- available mineralogical in are databases usefulness itspotential some its and demonstrated [82] shown ides hasalready have FORS papers Several phases, technique. of mineral inary identification the to concern With Minerals 4.5 10 hr sn footnote no is There Gemstone turquoise sapphire ruby garnet emerald amethyst Given the features of reflectance systems, with concern mainly to portable FORS systems which canpro- systems FORS toportable mainly concern with systems, reflectance of features the Given iol tal. et Picollo List of spectral features for the identification of gemstones. identification the for features spectral of List pcrlfeatures Spectral 425/625 (absorption) nm 385/450/578 (fluorescence) nm 693/694 (absorption), 413/564 (absorption) 500/525/575/695 430/600 (absorption) nm 540 – – encentering mean 1 m(absorption) nm 915 (absorption) nm 615 and autoscaling hoohr system Chromophore Fe transfer) charge intervalence Fe Cr Fe Cr Fe 2+ 2+ 2+ 3+ 3+ 3+ ma etrn n omlsto otesadr de- standard the to normalisation and centering (mean Fe , Fe , Fe , clu centre) (colour lgn field) (ligand field) (ligand Authenticated |[email protected] author's copy 3+ 3+ 3+ Cu , Ti , Mn , 4+ 2+ 2+ lgn field, (ligand Mn , lgn field) (ligand 3+ Cr , 3+ Download Date|11/16/18 11:10AM ag scaling range [88] [85] [87] [86] References [83] [84] saigall (scaling EGRUYTER DE Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd 2]Ml J lr .Bih ih:mcopcrfurmtyfrtecaatrzto fLk imnsadDe nwrso r.AcChem Acc art. of works in Dyes and Pigments Lake of characterization Paint- the Gogh for van microspectrofluorimetry in light: colorants Bright red A. of Claro Identification MJ, al. Melo et [20] M, Montague A, Burnstock KJ, Berg Den van JS, Melo de Seixas MJ, Melo art- A, of Claro characterization [19] noninvasive the for technique powerful A spectroscopy: Fluorescence G. Favaro 1982;27:1 C, Conserv. Miliani Stud C, I). Clementi (Part layers A, Varnish Romani and [18] Paint of Fluorescence ER. paint- Rie oil la de century twentieth [17] on pigments white of identification 1991;45:26 Non-invasive Spectrosc. D. Appl Kunzelman Frescoes. M, Chapel Tsukada Brancacci G, Trumpy the M, of Picollo analysis M, color Bacci A [16] R. Linari R, by Carlà manuscripts F, illuminated Baldini on M, colourants Bacci of [15] Characterisation al. et M, Picollo M, Gulmini A, Idone G, reflectance Fenoglio optic A, fiber Agostino spectroscopy, M, imaging Aceto of [14] Use al. et MR, Palmer M, Thoury M, Facini 1996;41:136 Conserv. L, Stud Glinsman glasses. P, Deming and Ricciardi paintings JK, in Delaney Co(II) [13] of detection Non-destructive M. Picollo Conserv. M, Stud Bacci paintings. [12] Japanese of investigation the for tool unique a spectroscopy: 2002;56:1329 reflectance Spectrosc. optics Appl spectroscopy. Fibre reflectance J. diffuse Winter fiber-optics M, by Leona identification [11] Pigment L. Simonot M, Elias G, Dupuis [10] appli- an textiles: dyed of investigations spectroscopic Non-destructive al. et S, Conti G, Bacci B, Radicati M, 1978;2:49 Picollo Bull. Tech M, Gallery Bacci I, Natl change. Cazenobe colour [9] of measurement for spectrophotometry Reflectance L. Colours Bullock Oil [8] J spectrophotometry. reflectance by compositions pigmented in pigments of estimation and identification The DR. Duncan [7] dell Boll dipinti. sui colorimetrica determinazione nella spettrofotometrico metodo del Applicazione 1942;10:230 M. Arts. Santini Fine [6] Field artists Stud of Tech study conclusion. spectrophotometric in A note NF. a Barnes paintings: [5] of colorimetry the in Studies Weinheim: FI. Rawlins 1. Vol. [4] techniques. analytical of Handbook editors. A, Williams H, Gunzler In: spectroscopy. visible and Ultraviolet ARTECH. G. project Gauglitz European [3] support, movable on paintings of diagnosis on handbook Practical editors. R, Mazzeo M, Galeotti D, Springer-Verlag, 2000. Pinna York: [2] New paintings. of science The JW. Mayer WS, Taft [1] References field. this in applications FORS UV- developing of wishto on application work authors particularly the pioneering The to his heritage. contributed for of cultural Bacci and field collaborated Mauro the acknowledge have in who colleagues microspectrofluorimetry the and spectroscopy all Vis thank to wish authors The Acknowledgements forthe and bythecomple- technique as database apowerful methods. byareference analytical other presented of ifsupported is also mentarity is spectrometry particularly it com- mass microspectrofluorimetry of colourants, transparent; or the hand, spectroscopy identification partially cases, other non-invasive infrared are such and the Raman In that On as features. mandatory. or such absorption is techniques surfaces analytical similar irregular other spectral having of the with colourants use colourants); samples plementary discriminate of to or mixtures artworks possible (e.g. substances not in of generally poor mixtures be from as follows: responses can unique beresumed spectral responses is can manage which to spectroscopy feature hard the reflectance a way, is is of non-invasive relevant it drawbacks a Particularly major canthen in The techniques. information textiles powerful techniques. of amount and spectroscopic more this paintings among time; of on means colourants with inshort by identifying coupled measurements of spectra when possibility further of particular address for in to hundreds suitable systems, used acquiring been particularly Portable foreasily be has typologies. artwork beused of spectroscopy can range reflectance fibres, wide UV-Vis a presents, on it studies that diagnostic features technical the For drawbacks) (advantages, Conclusions 5 GRUYTER DE 2]MuirA aaeS eBudnG uei ,SratL ailF LED F. Daniel L, Servant C, Aupetit G, Bourdon Le S, Lazare A, Mounier [21] e.2010;43:857 Res. 2010;11:27 Heritage. Cult J microspectrofluorimetry. by textiles andean Ancient and ings 2010;43:837 Res. Chem Acc work. 2007;46:27 Conser. Inst Am J spectroscopy. reflectance optic fiber using by ings 2014;6:1488 Meth. Anal spectrophotometry. reflectance UV-visible-NIR optic fibre portable 2014;59:91 Conserv. Stud manuscripts. illuminated in pigments identify and map to fluorescence X-ray and spectroscopy, 2001;46:153 Conservation, for Committee 238 ICOM 2002: Janeiro, James. de & Rio James meeting. : ICOM London triennial Eds. Vontobel 13th Roy the and of Preprints In: samples. wool dyed yellow to cation 1962;45:300 Assoc. Chem 1959;23/24:95 Restauro. 2001. Wiley-VCH, 2009. Di, Centro Firenze: ino eivlpget.McohmJ 2016;126:480 J. Microchem pigments. medieval on tion – 62. – 66. – 129. – 24. – 46. ’ imns ehSu il ieAt.1939;7:120 Arts. Fine Field Stud Tech pigments. – 87. – 44. μ Authenticated |[email protected] author's copy F e otbedvc o rgl rwrsaaye.applica- analyses. artworks fragile for device portable new a SF: – 37. – 7. – 34. – 500. Download Date|11/16/18 11:10AM – 30. – 44. – – 31. ’ – 55. siuoCnrl del Centrale Istituto 31. iol tal. et Picollo – 101. – 36. 11 Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd 5]CciC iaz ,PcloM ir pi elcac pcrsoya o-naieto o netgtn lsisdgaaini contem- in degradation plastics investigating for tool non-invasive a as spectroscopy reflectance optic of Fibre materials M. the Picollo on L, study Bigazzi spectroscopic C, a Cucci Haring: Keith [55] of 2017;187:1 colors A. The F. Acta Spectrochim Casadio paintings. M, miniature Picollo V, on Marchiafava pigment M, a Vita as De ink G, iron-gall Bartolozzi of C, use Cucci the [54] of evidences by Analytical figliastra E. della ritratto Calà Il M, Aceto the [53] on measurements spectroscopic Non-invasive M. Vervat B, Radicati M, Picollo C, Cucci A, Casini M, Bacci [52] Rodr Fernandez Appl spectroscopy. [51] diffuse-reflectance fibre-optics by art in used An- mixtures Beato pigment to of attribution characterisation Quantitative its M. and Menu 43 G, corale Dupuis manuscript [50] illuminated The al. et L, Stefani M, Picollo S, Innocenti A, Casini manuscript. S, gospels Bracci coronation C, the Cucci on [49] investigations Analytical al. et M, Griesser F, Crivello A, Idone G, reflectance Fenoglio optic A, fiber Agostino spectroscopy, M, imaging Aceto of [48] Use al. et MR, Palmer M, Thoury M, Facini L, Glinsman P, mediter- Deming Ricciardi on JK, colourants Delaney precious of [47] evidences analytical First al. et C, P, Hofmann P, Zannini Baraldi G, fibre-optic Fenoglio of A, means Agostino by M, pigments Aceto painting [46] wall of investigation Non-destructive L. Stefani F, Lotti A, Spectrosc. Casini Appl B, II. Radicati part M, Frescoes. Picollo Chapel M, Brancacci Bacci the of [45] analysis color A B. Radicati M, Picollo R, Linari R, paintings mural Carlà F, of Baldini study M, the Bacci in [44] spectroscopy Raman and XRF FORS, of use P. Combined Mirti M, Aceto V, Chatel D, Vaudan L, Appolonia [43] editor(s). A, Springsteen J, Workman In: measurements. reflectance for Standards A. Springsteen on [42] Conference International IEEE Proceedings In: display. projection for device micromirror digital The 1995, DW, Monk GA, Feather [41] editor(s). A, Springsteen J, Workman In: techniques. and classification of overview an Spectroscopy: Reflectance A. Springsteen [40] compact A spectroscopy. Applied editors. A, Springsteen J, Workman In: spectrometry. near-infrared and visible, Ultraviolet, J. Workman engi- [39] biomedical and biomaterials of Encyclopedia editors. GL, Bowlin GE, Wnek In: microscopy. Confocal ER. 2001. Weeks GmbH, D, Verlag Wiley-VCH Semwogerere (Germany): [38] Weinheim applications. and principles fluorescence: 2006. Molecular LLC; B. Media, Valeur Science+Business [37] Springer Berlin/Heidelberg: spectroscopy. fluorescence 1992. of Sons, Principles & JR. Wiley Lakowicz John [36] York: New ed. 2nd spectroscopy. 1931;12:593 Modern Phys. JM. Tech Hollas Z Farbanstriche. [35] Der Optik Zur Beitrag 1968;7:53 Opt. Ein F. Appl P, Munk surfaces. Kubelka mat [34] from reflectance Infrared GR. Cam- Hunt 5. Vol. RK, Vincent Chemistry [33] and Physics Mineral in Topics Cambridge ed. 2nd theory. field crystal of applications Mineralogical RG. physical Burns and [32] characterization III volume handbook Pigment editor. 1983. TC, Sons; Patton & In: Wiley strength. York: tinting New color. and power, of hiding causes Opacity, PB. fifteen Mitton the color, [31] of chemistry and physics The K. Nassau [30] Newton: & Winsor from Pigments Lake Cochineal Nineteenth-century 2017, M, Picollo AJ, Parola MJ, Melo C, Leslie V, Otero T, Vitorino the for [29] reconstructions accurate historically with microspectrofluorimetry and SERS Combining MJ. Melo M, Leona F, accurate Pozzi historically R, of Castro use [28] the through manufacture pigments lake Brazilwood into insights New V. Otero L, Carlyle MJ, medieval Melo T, of Vitorino identification [27] the for chemometrics and Microspectrofluorimetry R. Castro A, Neves T, and Vitorino cultural JA, unique Lopes a MJ, manuscripts: P, Melo illuminated Nabais in [26] Dyes Organic al. et MC, Oliveira R, Castro R, of Araújo books M, medieval P, Guimarães in Nabais Paints MJ, Brazilwood Melo of [25] study Spectroscopic A al. et A, Lemos VSF, Muralha R, Araújo T, Vitorino V, using Otero by MJ, photo-ageing Melo to [24] subjected binders Painting of Discrimination M. Matteini S, Muto characterization MA, the Baldo for G, microspectrofluorimetry Agati of M, use P, Camaiti The Matteini al. [23] et KJ, Berg Den van F, Pina JS, Melo de Seixas S, Schäfer MJ, Melo A, Claro [22] 12 1986;67:10 News. Spectrosc Eur paintings. in change colour of measurement The D. Saunders [57] UV of Library M. Picollo R, Freeman S, Bracci M, Bacci C, Montagner [56] oayatcletos ehdlgclsuyo nepne oytrn rwr.JCl eiae 2013;14:290 Heritage. Cult J artwork. polystyrene expanded an on study methodological A collections: art porary 2016;70:186 Spectrosc. Appl paints. outdoor contemporary reference on and Tuttomondo painting mural the 2003;4:329 Heritage. Cult J analysis. colourimetric and pigments of identification Fattori: Giovanni 2005;30:448 Appl. Res Color Paintings. Roman of analysis titative 2006;83:469 A. Phys 2018;138:45 J. Microchem techniques. imaging hyperspectral and XRF FORS, by analysis non-invasive gelico: 2017;171:213 A. Acta Spectrochim 2013;59:91 Conserv. Stud manuscripts. illuminated in pigments identify and map to fluorescence X-ray and spectroscopy, manuscripts. illuminated ranean 1998;7:73 Heritage. Cult Technol Sci spectroscopy. reflectance 1993;47:399 2009;395:2005 Chem. Bioanal Anal (Italy). Valley Aosta the in practitioners for 43 1995. Jan 18-20 (Eds.), Chapman and Tewksbury USA: California, Francisco, San (ICWSI). Integration Scale Wafer practitioners for reference compact A spectroscopy. 29 1998: Press, Academic Diego: San practitioners. for reference 705 2008: Francis, & Taylor USA: Florida, Raton, Boca I. Vol. ed. 2nd neering. 1993. Press, University Cambridge bridge: 289 1973: Sons, & Wiley York: New relationships. 1 2017. Sep Copen- 4-8 Preprints. Museums, Conference of Triennial Council 18th ICOM-CC International editors. Paris: J, hagen. Bridgland In: reconstructions. through methodology their into insight 2014;45:1172 Spectro. Raman J illuminations. manuscript medieval in Paints Dye Lac of characterization 2016;61:255 Conserv. Stud reconstructions. 2018;6:1 Sci. Heritage pigments. lake 2016;374:1 Sci. Eng Phys Math A Soc R Trans Philos record. historic 2014;68:434 Spectrosc. Appl hours. 2009;10:198 Heritage. Cult J analysis. deconvolution with coupled microspectrofluorometry 2008;74:922 Talanta. Pigments. Lake of atr-adclue aes pcrci caA 2011;79:1669 A. Acta Spectrochim papers. coloured pattern-card iol tal. et Picollo – 402. a ig:Aaei rs,1998:247 Press, Academic Diego: San . ı uzJ,FradzFradzJ.Apiaino h eoddrvtv fteKubelka the of derivative second the of Application JA. Fernandez Fernandez JM, guez – 74. – pcrci caA Acta Spectrochim 21. – 44. – 11. – 29. – 73. a ig:Aaei rs,1998:193 Press, Academic Diego: San . – 329. 2012;95:235 . – 67. – – 81. 13. – – – – 9. 48. – 80. 45. – 56. 20. – Vis Authenticated |[email protected] author's copy – I elcac pcr fmdr rai ysfo historic from dyes organic modern of spectra reflectance NIR – 14. – 59. – – 601. 224. – – 205. Download Date|11/16/18 11:10AM 18. ple pcrsoy opc reference compact A spectroscopy. Applied – 36. – – ukfnto otesemiquan- the to function munk 79. – – 57. 96. – 96. – 51. – 101. EGRUYTER DE Applied – 8. Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd 8]AeoM gsioA eoloG umn ,Bac ,Pliz .Nnivsv nlsso iitr anig:pooa o nanalytical an for proposal paintings: miniature of analysis invasive Non E. Pellizzi V, Bianco M, Gulmini G, Fenoglio 2017;7:1 A, Minerals. Agostino turquoise. M, of Aceto characteristics [89] spectroscopy Reflectance JL. Commun. Duan H, Chem sapphire. Qi JT, blue Qiu in [88] processes optical the of origin Microscopic A. Walsh 2013;38:328 Appl. SM, Woodley Res Color CRA, ruby. Catlow a SC, of Parker measurement JK, Color Bristow J. [87] Ke H, Chen T, Mu T, Lu Y, Liu (0.35 [86] reflectance Spectral al. et DM, Applin J, Poitras SA, Mertzman T, Rhind EA, Cloutis MRM, Mineral. Izawa Am spectroscopy. [85] absorption infrared and visible by emerald and beryl of characterization The K. Nassau 1994;29:433 DL, Mineral. Wood Rev [84] minerals. silica the of varieties Colored GR. science. Rossman colloid [83] and surface of Encyclopedia editor. AT, Hubbard In: oxides. iron of spectroscopy reflectance Diffuse V. Barròn J, Torrent [82] in- non a spectroscopy: reflectance UV-VIS-NIR specular 2011. al. et M, Picollo F, Salvemini F, Civita E, S, Barzagli Castronovo R, In: Iannaccone Madama. F, Palazzo Grazzi di [81] medievali limosini smalti sugli invasive non Analisi L. Operti G, Fenoglio M, Aceto A, Agostino redox [80] ions: metal transition dissolved by coloured glasses Roman N. Zacharias A, Winterstein-Beckmann M, Papageorgiou D, Anal Möncke techniques. [79] spectroscopic by investigated glass century eighth and seventh thermolumines- in of opacifiers means and by Colourants tesserae M. mosaic P, Gulmini ancient P, Davit in Mirti colour [78] blue of Study L. Panzeri C, Montanari E, Sibilia mo- M, glass Martini of G, investigation Poldi mineralogical A, and Galli chemical [77] baptistery: Florence al. et M, Bacci S, Bracci C, first- Fiori the M, for Vandini S, tool Conte low-cost R, and Arletti rapid [76] a as spectroscopy Optical al. et K, Janssens S, Cagno H, Wouters K, painted P, Baert underglaze Cosyns W, for Meulebroeck method [75] nondestructive a of Development al. et W, Malzer Y, Höhn B, Kanngießer J, 1984;26:199 Archaeometry. Salomon S, glasses. Röhrs ancient I, in Reiche colors [74] related sulfur and Iron RH. Brill JW, Schreus [73] stud- glass in spectroscopy UV-VIS-NIR absorption of potential The al. et K, Nys H, P, Wouters Cosyns A, Ceglia K, 1977. Baert Elsevier, W, Amsterdam: Meulebroeck glass. [72] in control and generation Colour CR. Bamford [71] red Novel AM. Swink MA, Stone HD, transition Schreiber of [70] spectra electron and colour on modifiers network silicate of effect The M. 2001;73:317 Laczka B. K, Cholewa-Kowalska Phys A, Appl Terczynska-Madej nanoparticles. [69] a dispersed of finely points of weak color and The strong M. textiles: Quinten historical [68] in dyestuffs of Identification M. Aceto D, Vaudan D, Gastaldi E, textiles Diana historical A, on Idone dyes M, natural Gulmini of [67] study Non-invasive al. et D, Vallotto AC, Lagrutta-Diaz ES, Ferrari A, Martignon R, Tripodi L, Ferri re- de fiber-optics [66] by textiles on dyes a purple through and dyes red on natural focus of a Identification Torino: JL. di Ruvalcaba-Sil Egizio Museo E, Casanova-González the MA, of Maynez-Rojas textiles [65] Coptic The al. et C, Ricci M, Carrillo M, P, Moi Davit A, Idone M, Gulmini [64] area Mediterranean the of dyes traditional of Characterization 2010, M, Picollo B, Radicati F, Quercioli S, Bracci Ar- S, Caucasus. Tozzi LG, from textiles Angelini Kaitag [63] ancient in dyes of characterization Multi-technique V. Guglielmi E, Luca De S, Bruni G, Sci. Poldi F, Preserv Pozzi E microspectrophotometry. [62] using wool on Dyestuff Cochineal the of characterization on note A BH. Berrie KM, Morales [61] art- contemporary in polymers of characterisation and identification for techniques invasive Non R. Olmi M, Picollo M, Bacci C, for Cucci spectra [60] reflectance fibre-optic and Raman combined of analysis Multivariate in S. binders Elliott S, paint P, Bucklow glue Ricciardi skin J, Skelton animal A, and Pallipurath yolk [59] egg of Mapping al. et A, P, Hoenigswald Ricciardi C, Miliani JG, Zeibel S, Lomax KA, Dooley [58] GRUYTER DE 9]AeoM gsioA eoloG iol .Nnivsv ifrnito ewe aua n ytei lrmrn lepget by pigments blue ultramarine synthetic and natural between differentiation Non-invasive M. Picollo G, Fenoglio A, Agostino M, Aceto [90] protocol. 2013;49:5259 2018;300:392 Icarus. characterization. and detection sensing remote for plications 1968;53:777 1438 2002: Dekker, Marcel York: New 2011. Apr 13-15 CD-ROM. Florence: heritage. environmental and microanalysis cultural and of investigations conservation non-destructive and on diagnostics Conference blade the International Japanese for 10th the ART11, to Proc. Application In: swords. museum. ancient Stibbert of the status of conservation collection the of characterization the for technique portable and vasive L Italy: Savigliano, secolo. XIII del Limoges di Smalti editor. 2014;46:23 Sci. Archaeol J theory. field ligand and spectroscopy optical reactions, 2002;372:221 Chem. Bioanal 2006;83:675 A. Phys Appl measurements. reflectance and cence 2011;38:79 Sci. Archaeol J tesserae. saic 2011;38:2387 Sci. Archaeol J glass. green Roman for plan step-by-step a artefacts: glass of analysis 2009;393:1025 line Chem. Bioanal Anal century. nineteenth the from objects Persian of analysis the by demonstrated - tiles of 842208 study 2012: the Brussels to SPIE approaches integrated Belgium: 8422, 8422. 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