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Leadership Through the Gender Lens

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Liisa Husu, Jeff Hearn, Anna-Maija Lämsä and Sinikka Vanhala Editors Leadership through the Gender Lens Women and Men in Organisations Forskningsrapporter från Svenska handelshögskolan Hanken School of Economics Research Reports 71 Helsinki 2010 Leadership through the Gender Lens: Women and Men in Organisations Key words: careers, gender, hierarchy, interventions, leadership, management, organisations, men, women © Hanken School of Economics & Liisa Husu, Jeff Hearn, Anna-Maija Lämsä, Sinikka Vanhala and contributors Liisa Husu, Jeff Hearn, Anna-Maija Lämsä and Sinikka Vanhala Hanken School of Economics Department of Management and Organisation P.O. Box 479, 00101, Helsinki, Finland Distributor: Library Hanken School of Economics P.O. Box 479 00101 Helsinki, Finland Telephone: +358 (0)40 3521 376, +358 (0)40 3521 265 Fax: +358-(0)9-4313 3425 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.hanken.fi/ Edita Prima Ltd, Helsinki 2010 ISBN 978-952-232-100-8 (printed) ISBN 978 952-232-101-5 (PDF) ISSN 0357-5764 iii CONTENTS Preface. Leadership through the Gender Lens: Women and Men in Organisations......v Liisa Husu, Jeff Hearn, Anna-Maija Lämsä and Sinikka Vanhala KEYNOTE PRESENTATIONS The Impact of Gender Equality on the Management and Leadership: Reflections on change and resistance. ........................................................................................................ 1 Anna Wahl Ten Things You Should Know About Gender, Leadership, and Organizational Culture: Reflections on twenty years of research. .......................................................................... 21 Albert J. Mills Women on Top Corporate Boards: The slow progress and initiatives that provide change ................................................................................................................................ 38 Ruth Sealy and Susan Vinnicombe CAREERS and LEADERSHIP All roads lead to the top, or do they? How women get leading positions ....................... 56 Susanne Ahlers and Andrea D. Bührmann Forms of Spousal Support for a Woman Manager’s Career ............................................ 68 Suvi Välimäki, Anna-Maija Lämsä and Minna Hiillos Stories of Pregnancy-related Discrimination and Returning to Work After Maternity Leave .................................................................................................................................. 84 Liisa Mäkelä Work- Life Reconciliation on the Way to the Top ............................................................ 99 Susanne Ihsen, Yves M.A. Jeanrenaud and Victoria Hantschel What is Power? – Subjective construct of experienced power among self-employed women .............................................................................................................................. 111 Tytti Solankallio and Sofia Kauko-Valli Second McCarthyism: ‘Have you no decency, Sir?’ ....................................................... 125 Uma Narain MANAGEMENT, HIERARCHY and LEADERSHIP Power and Gender in UK Defence .................................................................................. 139 Michael D. Dunn Gender on Corporate Boards: A discourse analysis of a debate of gender quotas on an internet discussion site ................................................................................................... 156 Sinikka Vanhala, Sinikka Pesonen and Maria Nokkonen Leading Your Audit Team: On the importance of team gender ..................................... 171 Kris Hardies, Diane Breesch and Joël Branson iv Gender and Technology in Small ICT Companies ......................................................... 185 Elina Henttonen Stereotypical Character of Society in the 2nd Republic of Lithuania: Women’s attempts to be equal partners in the state. .................................................................................... 198 Virginija Jurŏnienŏ The Dynamics of Gender and Leadership in Non-Governmental Organizations: The case of Cluj–Napoca ........................................................................................................ 207 Laura Georgescu–Păun Women’s Access to Senior Management Positions in the University of Abuja, Nigeria ............................................................................................................................. 219 Isaiah Ilo “Men, Masculinities and Leadership”, 20 Years On: Gender/intersectionalities, local/transnational, embodied/virtual, theory/practice ............................................... 235 Jeff Hearn INTERVENTIONS in LEADERSHIP Less Modesty, More Bravado: Leadership through the Gender Lens: Women, men and equality in organisations ................................................................................................. 249 Susan Harwood Quantitative and Qualitative Perspectives on Gender in Humanitarian Logistics ....... 262 Gyöngyi Kovács and Peter Tatham Access as Process: On the recession within the engineering industry and its effects on gender research and gender equality work .................................................................... 276 Ulrika Jansson, Cecilia Nahnfeldt and Magnus Åberg School Leadership in Disadvantaged Contexts: A case study of women principals Leading Change in Spain ............................................................................................... 289 José M.Coronel, Emilia Moreno, Maria J.Carrasco and Enrique Vélez IDAS: A program to increase the number of women leaders in Swedish higher education ......................................................................................................................... 305 Agneta Blom What About Gender Justice in Higher Education? The case of universities in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany .......................................................................................... 313 Sabine Schäfer “Excellentia”: A programme to increase the share of women in leading positions in Austrian Universities....................................................................................................... 325 Angela Wroblewski v Preface Leadership through the Gender Lens: Women and Men in Organisations Liisa Husu, Jeff Hearn, Anna-Maija Lämsä, and Sinikka Vanhala Hanken School of Economics, Jyväskylä University, Helsinki School of Economics, Finland The Ministry of Education-funded research and development “NASTA” project on women’s leadership organised the international Conference on: “Leadership through the Gender Lens: Women and Men in Organisations” on 22nd and 23rd October 2009 at Hanken School of Economics. NASTA is a three-university collaboration between Hanken School of Economics, Helsinki School of Economics, and Jyväskylä University. The project combines research, teaching development in business schools, and outreach work in the field of women and leadership in Finnish business, governmental and third sector organisations. Leadership and management remain highly gendered. The differential relations of women and men to leadership and management are a key question for both theory and practice. Recent decades have seen a major international growth of studies on gender relations in leadership, organisations and management, in both empirical research and more general theoretical analysis. Recent research and discussion on the gendering of leadership have been influenced by debates on: feminism; recognition of women and women’s situations, experiences and voices in leadership; organisational culture and communication; divisions of labour, hierarchy, power and authority; imagery and symbolism; information technology; sexuality, harassment, bullying and violence in organisations; home-work relations; men and masculinities in leadership; globalization and transnational questions; intersectionality; and so on. Having said that, the vast majority of mainstream work on leadership retains little or no gender analysis. In most business schools and other universities the position of gender-explicit work on leadership is still not well established. vi The “Leadership through the Gender Lens” international conference brought together critical analyses and debates on gender, leadership and management. How leadership and management are gendered can mean more gender equal or more gender unequal conditions for women and men. This includes how education and training can contribute to gendered leadership and management. The overall aim of the conference was to generate new thinking, policy and action about women, men, gender and leadership. In the conference we sought to provide a creative forum for interaction between scholars and researchers on leadership, organisation and management, together with leaders of different kinds from business, government and community. Contributions were sought from a wide theoretical spectrum, including feminism, equality studies, intersectional studies, organisation and management studies, business studies, postcolonial studies, sociology, industrial relations, marketing, entrepreneurship, innovation studies, education, and philosophy. The presentation of case studies, ethnographies, action research projects and innovative research methodologies was encouraged, as were contributions by and directed towards managers and practitioners. Fifty-six papers were accepted from 18 countries, from Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and Northern America. The full list of the accepted papers is included at the end of this text. Three keynote presentations were made by Professor Anna Wahl (Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden), Professor
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