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Sobering the Revolution: Mexico's Anti-Alcohol Campaigns and the Process of State-Building, 1910-1940 Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Pierce, Gretchen Kristine Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 01/10/2021 10:21:09 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194341 SOBERING THE REVOLUTION: MEXICO’S ANTI-ALCOHOL CAMPAIGNS AND THE PROCESS OF STATE-BUILDING, 1910-1940 by Gretchen Kristine Pierce _____________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2008 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Gretchen Kristine Pierce entitled Sobering the Revolution: Mexico's Anti-Alcohol Campaigns and the State- Building Process, 1910-1940 and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 3/28/08 William Beezley _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 3/28/08 Kevin Gosner _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 3/28/08 Bert Barickman _______________________________________________________________________ Date: _______________________________________________________________________ Date: Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ________________________________________________ Date: 3/28/08 Dissertation Director: William Beezley 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: Gretchen Kristine Pierce 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Numerous individuals and institutions have provided invaluable assistance in the completion of this dissertation. I have received economic support from the Fulbright- Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Abroad Fellowship (2004), the Graduate and Professional Student Council (2007), the Ramenofsky Graduate Fellowship (2006), the Michael Sweetow Fellowship (2006), the History Department (2006), the Sybil Ellingwood Pierce Fellowship in Southwest History (2004), the Center for Latin American Studies (2004), and the Tinker Summer Research Grant (2003). Lety Becerril, Georgia Ehlers, Victoria Parker, Veronica Peralta, Karna Walters, and Margaret Wilder assisted me in securing the money and ensured that I received it in a timely fashion. Michelle Berry, Maritza de la Trinidad, Bill French, Alex Kindell, Rachel Kram Villarreal, Oscar Martínez, Fawn Montoya, Chrystel Pitt, Clark Pomerleau, Cal Raup, and Ageeth Sluis read and commented on drafts of various stages of this project, from seminar papers to grant proposals to dissertation chapters. Benjamin Alonso, Denise Barragan, Eduardo Marcos de la Cruz, Mike Ervin, Ziad Fahmy, Eileen Ford, Stephanie Mitchell, Alejandra Salazar Lamadrid, Stephen Lewis, Megan McLean, Lia Schraeder, Juan Manuel Silva Rodríguez, Jesús Uribe, Emily Wakild, and Louise Walker also gave me helpful advice about proposals, archives, sources, and writing. The archivists Raymundo Álvarez and Victoria San Vicente went out of their way to assist me. Thanks also to Áurea Toxqui, her parents Marina and Fabian, and Nohemí Orozco for housing me for periods in Mexico. I owe a debt of gratitude that words can hardly express to my advisors. Bill Beezley, Kevin Gosner and Bert Barickman have helped to shape me into the scholar I have become by inculcating my love of Mexico, expanding my horizons beyond this same country, and pushing me to question my initial conceptions of history. Stacie Widdifield and Keith McElroy taught me how to use images as primary sources rather than illustrations. Carmen Nava, Ignacio Almada Bay, and Servando Ortoll supported me while abroad by extending academic affiliation, writing letters of introduction, and answering questions about various matters. Finally, my husband, Jerry Pierce, has supported me in every phase of this project and deserves more thanks than I can possibly give. His influence enriched this work tremendously. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS...............................................................................................6 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS..............................................................................................7 ABSTRACT.........................................................................................................................8 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................10 CHAPTER 1 FROM LAISSEZ-FAIRE TO LIMITED REGULATIONS: THE WEAK BEGINNINGS TO THE NATIONAL ANTI-ALCOHOL CAMPAIGN AND THE STATE-BUILDING PROCESS, 1910-1932 ..........................56 CHAPTER 2 PARADES, EPISTLES, AND PROHIBITIVE LEGISLATION: THE STRENGTHENING OF THE ANTI-ALCOHOL CAMPAIGN AND THE STATE-BUILDING PROCESS, 1932-1940....................................88 CHAPTER 3 “TEMPERANCIA: POR LA PATRIA. POR LA RAZA”: THE NATIONAL ANTI-ALCOHOL CAMPAIGN, STATE-BUILDING, AND THE CREATION OF A NEW CITIZEN, 1929-1940...................131 CHAPTER 4 ONE STEP FORWARD AND TWO STEPS BACK: THE ANTI- ALCOHOL CAMPAIGN AND THE CONTESTED STATE- BUILDING PROCESS IN SONORA, 1915-1939..................................188 CHAPTER 5 FIGHTING VICE, FORGING A NATION: UNOFFICIAL ANTI- ALCOHOL LEAGUES AND THE PARTICIPATORY STATE- BUILDING PROCESS, 1910-1940.........................................................253 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................296 WORKS CITED ..............................................................................................................300 6 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ILLUSTRATION 1............................................................................................................76 ILLUSTRATION 2............................................................................................................77 ILLUSTRATION 3..........................................................................................................117 ILLUSTRATION 4..........................................................................................................117 ILLUSTRATION 5..........................................................................................................118 ILLUSTRATION 6..........................................................................................................118 ILLUSTRATION 7..........................................................................................................132 ILLUSTRATION 8..........................................................................................................147 ILLUSTRATION 9..........................................................................................................149 ILLUSTRATION 10........................................................................................................151 ILLUSTRATION 11........................................................................................................169 ILLUSTRATION 12........................................................................................................172 ILLUSTRATION 13........................................................................................................172 ILLUSTRATION 14........................................................................................................226 7 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation Group Name(s) AFNT Asociación Femenil Nacional de Temperancia ANT Asociación Nacional de Temperancia AT Asociación de Temperancia CNLCA Comité Nacional de Lucha Contra el Alcoholismo CROM Confederación Regional Obrera Mexicana DAA Dirección Antialcohólica DAEO Dirección Antialcohólica de Educación Obrera DEA Dirección de Educación Antialcohólica LAM Liga Antialcohólica Mexicana PNR Partido Nacional Revolucionario SASOC Subcomité Antialcohólico del Sindicato de Obreros y Campesinos 8 ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the intimate connection between the State-building process and the temperance movement and asserts that neither project was merely imposed from the top down, but

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