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SHARP News Volume 8 | Number 4 Article 1 Fall 1999 Volume 8, Number 4 Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/sharp_news Recommended Citation (1999) "Volume 8, Number 4," SHARP News: Vol. 8: No. 4. Available at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/sharp_news/vol8/iss4/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in SHARP News by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. et al.: Volume 8, Number 4 SHARP News Volume 8. Number 4 Autumn 1999 In My View: Why Don't We Have Any conference programs of the Association for Library and Informa- tion Science Education (ALISE), and articles appearing in the "Schools of Library and Reading Studies?" pages of the Journal of Education for Library and Information Happens every year. About four weeks into the Fall semester I Science (ALISE's research organ) are any indication of the inter- come to the "Act of Reading" unit in "Information Agencies and est my LIS colleagues have in the scholarship on reading, nearly Their Environments," a theoretically based core course I teach at 5,000 students will graduate next year from more than fifty North the University of Wisconsin-Madison's School of Library and American library schools accredited by the American Library Information Studies that all students must take at the beginning of Association with very little or no exposure to literatures discuss- their curriculum. Usually I'm looking over the lectern at a class of ing reading formations and practices. What a loss. 90- 100 graduate students, more than half of whom were literature They won't know that this scholarship is part of a much broader and history majors as undergraduates. shift in the focus of humanities research away from "culture as "Many of you," I tease, "probably remember literature courses text" and towards "culture as agency and practice." Jan Radway in secondary and higher education that asked the question: 'What divides this scholarship into four categories: (1) literacy studies; did the author mean in the text we are studying?"' Then I intro- (2) reader-response theory; (3) ethnographies of reading; and (4) duce reception theory articulated by scholars like Wolfgang Iser, print culture history. Literacy studies argues that identifying the Hans Robert Jauss, and Stanley Fish, who argue that because uni- context in which literacy was (and is) practiced. is vital to under- versally valid interpretations of any text do not exist, meaning in standing the uses to which it is put. Reception theorists argue that those texts is not an object to be described, but an effect to be in the reading process the reader is an active agent who exercises experienced. And in part because of the gender composition of a great deal of creativity in making sense of a text. Ethnographers the class, I then import some of the research findings on women's of reading attempt to define the context of actual reading prac- reading that Cathy Davidson, Jane Tompkins, and Jan Radway tices exercised by particular groups at particular times. (My favorite have published. If Iser et al. are right, I tell my students, the act of essay in this category is Elizabeth Long's "Textual Interpretation reading links readers to the texts and at the same time induces as Collection Action," which argues that the modern construction readers to create conditions necessary for the effectiveness of that of "solitary reader" is wrong. Long compares turn-of-the-century text. American literary and reading clubs with an analysis of sixty Then I study student faces. Most in class greet this lecture with groups of Houston readers in the 1980s and finds that reading is a blank looks, some even with open mouths (and I know they're not communal activity based in a social infrastructure grounded on sleeping). It's obvious to me the vast majority had never heard of shared interpretative frameworks and shared institutions.) the scholarship on reading, and had never been introduced to the In print culture history (the craft most SHARP members prac- concept that multiple reading practices and formations exist across tice), we want to know not only how relations between authors, the globe, within local communities, and even among their peers publishers, literary agents, booksellers and distributors have in that very classroom. Yet all seemed to find this "new" concept changed in the last 500 years, but also where to locate readers in fascinating--and highly relevant to the practice of librarianship. this mix of historical forces. For example, in the 1970s German Happens every year. book historians uncovered what they thought was a mid- 18th cen- I've been teaching this course for five years now, and I admit tury shift in reading practices from "intensive" (reading a few texts I'm a bit frustrated that the numbers of blank looks have not sig- again and again to fathom deep meanings) to "extensive" (read- nificantly diminished in half-a-decade. These are people, I think ing many texts for broader understanding). to myself, who in the near future will assume positions in one of That print culture historians pay close attention to the concept the world's most ubiquitous reading institutions, and many will of reading practices and reading formations became obvious to practice their profession without knowing very much about the me when Jim Danky and I put together a collection of essays en- multiple reading practices and formations of the multicultured titled Print Culture in A Diverse America (1996; see especially publics they will be serving. essays by Norma Fay Green, Elizabeth McHenry, Christine And the numbers of readers they serve remain huge. Last year Pawley, and Steven Biel). It was also evident in many of the pa- two-thirds of Americans visited a public library, and of that number pers presented at the July 1999 SHARP conference in Madison, 80% went to check out a book. Even worse, I think to myself, if Wisconsin. And it looks very much like it is central to the essays the courses listed in library school catalogs, papers listed in the Guglielmo Cavallo and Roger Chartier have edited for A Histon Published by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst, 1999 1 SHARP News, Vol. 8, No. 4 [1999], Art. 1 2 T-i',, , , ,' , , . .~ jSHARP News of Reading in the West, a volume the University of Massachusetts liography of the works of Eliza Haywood (identifying new works Press published this fall in its "Studies in Print Culture and the and clarifying details about many others) through to Brian History of the Book" series. I ordered a copy just last week. McMullin's elegant exposure of false dates on many editions of Eventually, I suppose, persistent efforts of scholars worlung in the Bay Psalm Book, the quality and range of work was very pleas- literacy studies, reception theory, ethnographies of reading, and ing. Joseph RudmanUsconvincing review of the endless potential print culture history to teach reading formations and practices will pitfalls awaiting the student of computer stylistics deserves a wider show up in more of my students. But I'm still worried about col- audience, and Chris Tiffin deserves much gratitude for his gentle leagues at other LIS programs who seem so caught up in the nudging of the various contributors to shape their papers toward hyperbole of information technology they don't even ask their the theme of the conference. Like many Australasian conferences, students to consider this scholarship. I invite SHARP members to the intimate size of the gathering (just over 40 participants, with do a little missionary work here for print culture history. Take the Tom Davis joining us from Birmingham via the WWW) and re- dean or director of the LIS program on your campus to lunch some laxed pace provided ample opportunities for fruitful conversation, day, and inquire what coverage her curriculum gives to reading while the Society planning meetings and the conference as a whole formations and practices. If she looks back at you with a blank benefited from the collective wisdom of Keith Maslen, Wallace look, offer to crosslist the course you teach that covers reading Kirsop and Brian McMullin. Ian Morrison (Curator, Australiana, formations and practices in most depth. Point out that the move Baillieu Library, Melbourne University) accepted the editorship won't cost her a thing, and that it will significantly expand her of the Bulletin from the middle of next year. students' understanding of the information needs of the millions Back across the Tasman, the Otago Print Culture Project moves of patrons they will eventually serve. Sounds like a win-win situ- into high gear from October with the arrival of Dr. Noel Waite as a ation to me. postdoctoral fellow. Expanding upon his recent work in the Wayne A. Wiegand, Professor, School of Library and Informa- Whitcoull's Archive in Auckland, Noel will be examining the tion Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison records of the Otago Master Printers Association, along with other Select bibliography of sources cited regional archives, to establish a model for regional print culture Cavallo, Guglielmo, and Chartier, Roger (eds.). A History of Reading in history in NZ. His study of early to mid-twentieth-century the West. Amherst, Mass. University of Massachusetts Press, 1999. Christchurch printing is due out from Canterbury University Press Danky, James P., and Wiegand, Wayne A. (eds.). Print Culture in a Di- soon, and we look forward to similarly impressive work for verse America. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1998. Dunedin. Joining him next February for three months will be Ian Davidson, Cathy.