Existentialist Metaphysics Course Description
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Review of Being and Nothingness
Being and Nothingness: An Essay in Phenomenological Ontology by Jean-Paul Sartre, translated by Sarah Richmond. Abingdon: Routledge, 2018. Jonathan Webber Review published in Mind 2019 Author’s post-print. Please cite only published version. Legend has it that when Jean-Paul Sartre’s first epic tome L’Être et le néant appeared in 1943 the publishers were rather surprised by how well it sold. Who were all these people in the midst of war yet eager to read a 722-page philosophical analysis of the structures of human existence? They discovered that the book, which weighed exactly one kilo, was mostly selling to greengrocers, who were using it to replace the kilo weights that had been confiscated by the Nazis to be melted down for munitions. Sarah Richmond’s superb new translation weighs in at nearly a kilo and a half. The text itself is supplemented by a wealth of explanatory and analytical material. Richmond has taken full advantage of the extensive scholarly and critical analyses of Sartre’s book published over the past three-quarters of a century. The book has been translated into English only once before, by Hazel Barnes over sixty years ago. Richmond’s strategy has not been to edit that version, but to translate the text anew, informed by its reception in both its original form and its Barnes translation. Richmond traces the main contours of this reception in her introduction to the book, which relates the text to the main currents of anglophone and European thought since the war and, in so doing, indicates the influences on her own reading of the text. -
European Academic Research
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. II, Issue 9/ December 2014 Impact Factor: 3.1 (UIF) ISSN 2286-4822 DRJI Value: 5.9 (B+) www.euacademic.org Condemned to be Free: Orestes in Sartre’s The Flies MOHSIN HASSAN KHAN Research Scholar Department of English A.M.U., Aligarh, India Abstract: Jean Paul Sartre’s Orestes’ is one of the strong characters as far as literary sketch of any existential character is concerned. Embodiment of Sartrean philosophy, Orestes, in the play The Flies (1943) is a representation of the philosophy of freedom in which Sartre has put his literary thesis with the philosophic. In doing so with the character of Orestes, he comes back again to his lifelong pursuit of freedom and tries to explore it in the most possible and natural sense making freedom as an absolute and a strong value. The idea of freedom has been smoothly sketched in the play and its strident treatment matches the doctrines of freedom by the playwright. In this play, Sartre expresses the idea of condemned freedom and an attempt has been made in this paper to show this particular Sartrean brand of freedom expressed in Orestes. Key words: Existentialism, Existence, Freedom, Condemned, Absolute, No. Enlightenment Jean Paul Sartre, an avowed existentialist and a militant atheist, being at the centre of the modern philosophy is a very important figure in French existentialism. Truly a philosopher in the traditional sense like Heidegger and also a political figure protesting in the student’s revolution of 1968 in which he was almost close to becoming a rebel, he is a fine amalgamation of 20th century thought in which letters and actions go together 11954 Mohsin Hassan Khan- Condemned to be Free: Orestes in Sartre’s The Flies simultaneously. -
Existential Aspect of Being: Interpreting J. P. Sartre's Philosophy
Existential aspect of Being: Interpreting J. P. Sartre’s Philosophy Ivan V. Kuzin, Alexander A. Drikker & Eugene A. Makovetsky Saint Petersburg State University, Russia Abstract The article discusses rationalistic and existential approaches to the problem of existence. The comparison of Sartre's pre-reflective cogito and Descartes' reflective cogito makes it possible to define how Sartre’s thought moves from the thing to consciousness and from consciousness to the thing. At the same time, in Being and Nothingness Sartre does not only define the existence of the thing in its passivity—which in many respects corresponds to Descartes' philosophy, but also as an open orientation towards consciousness, the latter concept not being fully developed by him. This statement may be regarded as a hidden component of Sartre’s key thesis about the role of the Other in the verification of our existence. The most important factor in understanding this is the concept of the look. Detailed analysis of Sartre’s theses in Being and Nothingness enables us to demonstrate that the concept of the look makes it possible to consider the identity of being-in-itself and being-for-itself (consciousness). Keywords: Sartre, rationalism, existentialism, thing, being, the look, existence, nothingness, consciousness, the Other 1. Introduction E. Husserl said that being of the object is such “that it is cognisable in itself” (“daß es in seinem Wesen liegt, erkennbar zu sein”). (Ingarden 1992: 176) This statement is important if we are to accept the fact that the possibility of looking at the object correlates with being of the object itself. -
Patterns in Spiritual Awakening: a Study of Augustine, Coleridge and Eliot
American University in Cairo AUC Knowledge Fountain Theses and Dissertations 6-1-2017 Patterns in spiritual awakening: A study of Augustine, Coleridge and Eliot Lucy Shafik Follow this and additional works at: https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds Recommended Citation APA Citation Shafik, L. (2017).Patterns in spiritual awakening: A study of Augustine, Coleridge and Eliot [Master’s thesis, the American University in Cairo]. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/1366 MLA Citation Shafik, ucyL . Patterns in spiritual awakening: A study of Augustine, Coleridge and Eliot. 2017. American University in Cairo, Master's thesis. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/1366 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by AUC Knowledge Fountain. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of AUC Knowledge Fountain. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The American University in Cairo School of Humanities and Social Sciences Patterns in Spiritual Awakening: A Study of Augustine, Coleridge and Eliot A Thesis Submitted to The Department of English and Comparative Literature In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Lucy Shafik Under the supervision of Dr. William Melaney May 2017 The American University in Cairo Patterns in Spiritual Awakening: A Study of Augustine, Coleridge and Eliot A Thesis Submitted by Lucy Shafik To the Department of English and Comparative Literature May 2017 In partial fulfillment of the requirements for The degree of Master of Arts Has been approved by Dr. William Melaney Thesis Committee Advisor____________________________________________ Affiliation_________________________________________________________ Dr. -
Existentialism in Two Plays of Jean-Paul Sartre
Journal of English and Literature Vol. 3(3), 50-54, March 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/IJEL DOI:10.5897/IJEL11.042 ISSN 2141-2626 ©2012 Academic Journals Review Existentialism in two plays of Jean-Paul Sartre Cagri Tugrul Mart Department of Languages, Ishik University, Erbil, Iraq. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: (964) 7503086122. Accepted 26 January, 2012 Existentialism is the movement in the nineteenth and twentieth century philosophy that addresses fundamental problems of human existence: death, anxiety, political, religious and sexual commitment, freedom and responsibility, the meaning of existence itself (Priest, 2001: 10). This study tries to define what existentialism is and stresses themes of existentialism. This research finally points out these themes of existentialism by studying on two existentialist drama plays written by Jean-Paul Sartre who was a prominent existentialist writer. The plays by Sartre studied in this research are ‘The Flies’ and ‘Dirty Hands’. Key words: Existentialism, freedom, absurdity, anguish, despair, nothingness. INTRODUCTION Existentialism is the philosophy that makes an religious, political, or sexual commitment? How should authentically human life possible in a meaningless and we face death? (Priest, 2001: 29). We can briefly define absurd world (Panza and Gale, 2008: 28). It is essentially existentialism as: ‘existentialism maintains that, in man, the search of the condition of man, the state of being and in man alone, existence precedes essence’. This free, and man's always using his freedom. Existentialism simply means that man first is, and only subsequently is, is to say that something exists, is to say that it is. -
Reconsidering the Theoretical/Practical Divide: the Philosophy of Nishida Kitarō
University of Mississippi eGrove Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2013 Reconsidering The Theoretical/Practical Divide: The Philosophy Of Nishida Kitarō Lockland Vance Tyler University of Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd Part of the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Tyler, Lockland Vance, "Reconsidering The Theoretical/Practical Divide: The Philosophy Of Nishida Kitarō" (2013). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 752. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/752 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RECONSIDERING THE THEORETICAL/PRACTICAL DIVIDE: THE PHILOSOPHY OF NISHIDA KITARŌ A Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Philosophy University of Mississippi by LOCKLAND V. TYLER APRIL 2013 Copyright Lockland V. Tyler 2013 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT Over the years professional philosophy has undergone a number of significant changes. One of these changes corresponds to an increased emphasis on objectivity among philosophers. In light of new discoveries in logic and science, contemporary analytic philosophy seeks to establish the most objective methods and answers possible to advance philosophical progress in an unambiguous way. By doing so, we are able to more precisely analyze concepts, but the increased emphasis on precision has also been accompanied by some negative consequences. These consequences, unfortunately, are much larger and problematic than many may even realize. What we have eventually arrived in at in contemporary Anglo-American analytic philosophy is a complete repression of humanistic concerns. -
Nausea and the Adventures of the Narrative Self Ben Roth1
How Sartre, Philosopher, Misreads Sartre, Novelist: Nausea and the Adventures of the Narrative Self Ben Roth1 Besides, art is fun and for fun, it has innumerable intentions and charms. Literature interests us on different levels in different fashions. It is full of tricks and magic and deliberate mystification. Literature entertains, it does many things, and philosophy does one thing. Iris Murdoch (1997, p. 4) If there is something comforting—religious, if you want—about paranoia, there is still also anti-paranoia, where nothing is connected to anything, a condition not many of us can bear for long. Thomas Pynchon, Gravity's Rainbow (p. 434) Both those who write in favor of and against the notion of the narrative self cite Sartre and his novel Nausea as exemplary opponents of it. Alasdair MacIntyre, a central proponent of the narrative self, writes: “Sartre makes Antoine Roquentin argue not just [...] that narrative is very different from life, but that to present human life in the form of a narrative is always to falsify it” (1984, p. 214). Galen Strawson, a critic of narrativity, writes that “Sartre sees the narrative, story-telling impulse as a defect, regrettable. [...] He thinks human Narrativity is essentially a matter of bad faith, of radical (and typically irremediable) inauthenticity” (2004, p. 435). I think that this type of interpretation of Nausea is blindered and bad and relies on an impoverished approach to reading fiction typical of philosophers: of taking one character at one moment as mouthpiece for both a novel as a whole and author behind it. Beginning as it does in description, the novel challenges these conceptual orders rather than taking one side or the other; it thus invites us to rethink the terrain of narrativity. -
On the Risks of Approaching a Philosophical Movement Outside of Philosophy
doi: 10.12957/childphilo.2017.29954 on the risks of approaching a philosophical movement outside of philosophy walter omar kohan1 state university of rio de janeiro, brasil david knowles kennedy2 montclair state university, united states of america abstract Biesta states at the beginning of his intervention that he will speak “as an educationalist,” outside not only of “philosophical work with children” but “outside of philosophy.” What are the implications of these assumptions in terms of “what is philosophy?” and “what is education?” Can we really speak about “philosophical work with children” outside philosophy? What are the consequences of taking this position? From this initial questioning, in this response some other questions are offered to Biesta’s presentation: is philosophical work with children about asking better questions or asking questions better, as he states in his presentation? Finally, risks of philosophy for children as presented by Biesta are examined: a) of being reduced to critical thinking, i.e., “to keeping a clear head”; b) that, even extended to creative and caring thinking, it could “stay in the head” and “not touch the soul”; c) that through the building of communities of inquiry in the classroom, we establish a kind of artificial setting where “we end up living in an idea about the world rather than the world”. Our response ends with a last reference to Biesta’s approach to education in terms of “growing” and existence in terms of a “grown-up way” of being in the world. keywords: philosophy with children; critical thinking; risks; dogmatic image of thinking sobre os riscos de se abordar um movimento filosófico fora da filosofia resumo Biesta declara no começo de sua intervenção que ele falará “como um experto educacional” de fora não somente do “trabalho filosófico com crianças” mas também “de fora da filosofia”. -
Albert Camus' Dialogue with Nietzsche and Dostoevsky Sean Derek Illing Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected]
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2014 Between nihilism and transcendence : Albert Camus' dialogue with Nietzsche and Dostoevsky Sean Derek Illing Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Illing, Sean Derek, "Between nihilism and transcendence : Albert Camus' dialogue with Nietzsche and Dostoevsky" (2014). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 1393. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1393 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. BETWEEN NIHILISM AND TRANSCENDENCE: ALBERT CAMUS’ DIALOGUE WITH NIETZSCHE AND DOSTOEVSKY A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Political Science by Sean D. Illing B.A., Louisiana State University, 2007 M.A., University of West Florida, 2009 May 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation is the product of many supportive individuals. I am especially grateful for Dr. Cecil Eubank’s guidance. As a teacher, one can do no better than Professor Eubanks. Although his Socratic glare can be terrifying, there is always love and wisdom in his instruction. It is no exaggeration to say that this work would not exist without his support. At every step, he helped me along as I struggled to articulate my thoughts. -
Kant, Neo-Kantianism, and Phenomenology Sebastian Luft Marquette University, [email protected]
Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Philosophy Faculty Research and Publications Philosophy, Department of 7-1-2018 Kant, Neo-Kantianism, and Phenomenology Sebastian Luft Marquette University, [email protected] Published version. Oxford Handbook of the History of Phenomenology (07/18). DOI. © 2018 Oxford University Press. Used with permission. Kant, Neo-Kantianism, and Phenomenology Kant, Neo-Kantianism, and Phenomenology Sebastian Luft The Oxford Handbook of the History of Phenomenology Edited by Dan Zahavi Print Publication Date: Jun 2018 Subject: Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, History of Western Philosophy (Post-Classical) Online Publication Date: Jul 2018 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755340.013.5 Abstract and Keywords This chapter offers a reassessment of the relationship between Kant, the Kantian tradi tion, and phenomenology, here focusing mainly on Husserl and Heidegger. Part of this re assessment concerns those philosophers who, during the lives of Husserl and Heidegger, sought to defend an updated version of Kant’s philosophy, the neo-Kantians. The chapter shows where the phenomenologists were able to benefit from some of the insights on the part of Kant and the neo-Kantians, but also clearly points to the differences. The aim of this chapter is to offer a fair evaluation of the relation of the main phenomenologists to Kant and to what was at the time the most powerful philosophical movement in Europe. Keywords: Immanuel Kant, neo-Kantianism, Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, Marburg School of neo-Kantian ism 3.1 Introduction THE relation between phenomenology, Kant, and Kantian philosophizing broadly con strued (historically and systematically), has been a mainstay in phenomenological re search.1 This mutual testing of both philosophies is hardly surprising given phenomenology’s promise to provide a wholly novel type of philosophy. -
Enrique Dussel's Ethics of Liberation
Enrique Dussel’s Ethics of Liberation “Felicito y agradezco el tiempo de su vida que Frederick Mills se ha tomado en introducir una flosofía elaborada en el desconocido Sur global, como práctica de un diálogo Norte-Sur, que vaya descolonizando la flosofía eurocéntrica y la abra al horizonte mundial que está lentamente surgiendo en nuestro planeta glo- balizado, que enfrenta el riesgo de un eminente suicidio colectivo ecológico de la modernidad.” —Enrique Dussel, Ciudad de México “Frederick Mills’s Enrique Dussel’s Ethics of Liberation: An Introduction is a very clearly written, comprehensive presentation of the ethics of liberation philos- opher Enrique Dussel. Mills provides a biography of Dussel and expounds his work, dealing with its Levinasian origins, the analectical methodology, the basic liberation principles of his monumental Ética de la Liberación, the implications of Dussel’s corpus for politics and economics, and its potential for the development of a planetary humanism. Mills is thoroughly acquainted with the massive litera- ture on liberation philosophy, and he never loses sight of the victims of Western instrumental rationality on behalf of whom this work, as well as Dussel’s philoso- phy of liberation, is written.” —Michael Barber, author of Ethical Hermeneutics: Rationality in Enrique Dussel’s Philosophy of Liberation (1998) “Dr. Frederick Mills’s new work, Enrique Dussel’s Ethics of Liberation, is a phil- osophically masterful exploration of, and lucidly insightful commentary on the work of a Latin American thinker who is possibly the most distinguished living philosopher of liberation. Focusing radical humanist and liberatory ethics, MIlls’s book shows not only penetrating insight. -
A New Philosophical Movement from the Twentieth Century and One of Its Founders
University of Texas at El Paso ScholarWorks@UTEP Departmental Papers (Philosophy) Philosophy 9-2020 A New Philosophical Movement from the Twentieth Century and one of its Founders Reyes Espinoza Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.utep.edu/phil_papers Part of the Philosophy Commons Comments: This is a pre-print of an article published in The Journal of Value Inquiry. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10790-020-09767-w Title: “A New Philosophical Movement from the Twentieth Century and one of its Founders,” Book review of A Philosophy of Struggle: The Leonard Harris Reader (2020), London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020 This is a pre-print of an article published in The Journal of Value Inquiry. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10790-020-09767-w (The DOI may be inactive until publication) Journal: The Journal of Value Inquiry DOI (may be inactive until publication): 10.1007/s10790-020-09767-w Title: “A New Philosophical Movement from the Twentieth Century and one of its Founders,” Book review of A Philosophy of Struggle: The Leonard Harris Reader (2020), London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020, ISBN: 978-1-3500- 841-6, $21.99, ePDF Written by Dr. Reyes Espinoza (Lecturer 2020-2021 at The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP). Doctoral degree from Purdue University, Department of Philosophy. Bachelor of Arts from UTEP in Theatre performance and Philosophy) (Forthcoming) Pre-Print A Philosophy of Struggle: The Leonard Harris Reader is a book of axiology, ethics, and metaphilosophy. I recommend this book to any group of English-speaking graduate students and professors in philosophy departments, anywhere on the planet.